Tesis sobre el tema "Représentation de trajectoires"
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Jay, Nicolas. "Découverte et représentation des trajectoires de soins par analyse formelle de concepts". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585411.
Texto completoPasquier, Michel. "Planification de trajectoires pour un robot manipulateur". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00334461.
Texto completoAndrade, de Barros Vanessa. "De la représentation au pouvoir : une étude sur les trajectoires politiques des dirigeants syndicaux au Brésil". Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070100.
Texto completoThis work studies the political trajectories of the brazilian trade-union leaders from the beginning of their political commitment. "political trajectory" is meant here as "power trajectory", i. E. The evolution of trade-union leaders up to the workers' representative system (from trade unions to groups of affiliated trade unions and political parties). This study also illustrates the relations and power challenges representative of the trade-union organization, as well as their influence on leaders. Leaders usually start their career in trade unions, and then evolve from groups of affiliated trade unions to the political parties themselves, which are the starting point of their professional political career; they first exert power in trade unions, then in political institutions (from local authorities to parliaments, etc. ). This study analyzes how militants gain power positions within trade unions, how they move to the political parties, and the way they react to this evolution. Three main items contribute to commitment and continuity in this political environment : illusion, ideology and power. At the militants stage, illusion is the factor which most influences the conducts ; within the trade-union world, ideology plays a major role since relationships are institutionalized and supported by political theses and dogmas; in political parties, the wish for power appears to be the main motivation of their members. These items, however, are not mutually exclusive; they are all merging at every step of the leaders' evolution. This explains why this work is built around a dual sociological and psychological - issue while combining the objective analysis of the socio-political aspect and the integration of the agents' subjectivity. This study is based on the clinical approach applied in human sciences research within the framework of clinical sociology, and uses the "life story" method, which allows scientists co apprehend one aspect of the unionist world "from the inside" - usually ignored by most researchers - i. E. The subjective world, studied here in its permanent and simultaneous relation to the social facts
Levita, Gabriel. "Élites politiques et nation : trajectoires sociales et représentation de la nation chez les sénateurs (2001-2011)". Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0113.
Texto completoThis thesis in sociology is set within the studies on Argentine political elites and their beliefs. It sheds light on the relations between senators' trajectories and their representations on the national. Thus, it analyzes the ideas of nation that national senators who occupied their seats between December 2001 and December 2011 mobilise in their speeches regarding their social characteristics, socializations, sociabilities, political careers and trajectories. We start dealing with the research question by means of a morphological description of the population using a prosopographical database. Then, the thesis studies the actors’ trajectories pointing two different types of socialization and of spaces of sociability where they participate in their lives. The ideas of nation are studied based on a content analysis of the Senate records within the period. There we see how some of them are shared and common among these politicians, others depend on party belonging and a third group is transversal and related with trajectories. To conclude, the thesis shows an affinity between local trajectories and parochialists and conspiracits representations on the one hand, and between transnational trajectories and cosmopolitans and decadentists on the other. Different life experiences with their corresponding socializations and sociabilities mean that they circulate in spaces with different available meanings on the national. These senses are mobilised by senators in the debates
Cholez, Céline. "Une culture de la mobilité : :trajectoires et rôles professionnels des chauffeurs-livreurs de messagerie et fret-express". Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2018.
Texto completoBen, Tanfous Amor. "Représentations parcimonieuses dans les variétés de formes pour la classification et la génération de trajectoires humaines". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I111.
Texto completoDesigning intelligent systems to understand video content has been a hot research topic in the past few decades since it helps compensate the limited human capabilities of analyzing videos in an efficient way. In particular, human behavior understanding in videos is receiving a huge interest due to its many potential applications. At the same time, the detection and tracking of human landmarks in video streams has gained in reliability partly due to the availability of affordable RGB-D sensors. This infer time-varying geometric data which play an important role in the automatic human motion analysis. However, such analysis remains challenging due to enormous view variations, inaccurate detection of landmarks, large intra- and inter- class variations, and insufficiency of annotated data. In this thesis, we propose novel frameworks to classify and generate 2D/3D sequences of human landmarks. We first represent them as trajectories in the shape manifold which allows for a view-invariant analysis. However, this manifold is nonlinear and thereby standard computational tools and machine learning techniques could not be applied in a straightforward manner. As a solution, we exploit notions of Riemannian geometry to encode these trajectories based on sparse coding and dictionary learning. This not only overcomes the problem of nonlinearity of the manifold but also yields sparse representations that lie in vector space, that are more discriminative and less noisy than the original data. We study intrinsic and extrinsic paradigms of sparse coding and dictionary learning in the shape manifold and provide a comprehensive evaluation on their use according to the nature of the data (i.e., face or body in 2D or 3D). Based on these sparse representations, we present two frameworks for 3D human action recognition and 2D micro- and macro- facial expression recognition and show that they achieve competitive performance in comparison to the state-of-the-art. Finally, we design a generative model allowing to synthesize human actions. The main idea is to train a generative adversarial network to generate new sparse representations that are then transformed to pose sequences. This framework is applied to the task of data augmentation allowing to improve the classification performance. In addition, the generated pose sequences are used to guide a second framework to generate human videos by means of pose transfer of each pose to a texture image. We show that the obtained videos are realistic and have better appearance and motion consistency than a recent state-of-the-art baseline
Drechselová, Lucie. "Femmes et pouvoir local : processus d’engagement et trajectoires politiques féminines en Turquie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH093.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the issue of women’s under-representation in local politics in contemporary Turkey. The intermediary level of politics – party presence in municipalities – is studied with a double approach distinguishing among political parties (AKP, CHP, MHP, and the pro-Kurdish HDP & DBP) as well as among cities (Izmir, Trabzon and Diyarbakır). The Anglo-American body of literature in political sociology is put into dialogue with the French research in the fields of sociology of mobilization, of political elites and of institutions. Gendered perspective is transversal to the whole thesis. Field work was done in 2014, 2015 and 2016 in Izmir, Trabzon and Diyarbakır and took the form of non-participant observation and semi-directed interviews with two hundred female municipal councilors and women holding an intra-party office. Conceptually, seeing parties as heterogeneous entities allows us to study exchanges that take place within the party hierarchy. The place and role of women in the candidate selection processes questions the artificial separation between the “local” and the “national”. Throughout the demonstration, it becomes clear that women’s profiles and political carriers are intrinsically linked to modalities of their access to electoral mandate, which in turn determines the ways in which women embody their role as elected figures. The distinctive party ethoses contribute to privilege specific individual and collective strategies over others. The research concludes with the finding that in order to understand the levels of women’s local representation as well as its modalities, the “party” criteria has bigger explanatory value than the localconfigurations, even though these two perspectives are in fine inseparable
Zreik, Alaa. "Semantic trajectory analysis for the prediction of the physical state of the collections at the BnF". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG003.
Texto completoThe mission of the National Library of France (BnF) is to collect, preserve, enrich and make available the national documentary heritage. Its collections comprise nearly forty million documents.One of the BnF's missions is to maintain the documents of its collections in good condition in order to ensure their availability to readers.The definition of a conservation/restoration policy by the experts requires the identification of the documents in poor condition; to this end, the physical state of the documents must be monitored regularly to identify those requiring urgent interventions. But this time-consuming task is impossible in practice due to the large volume of documents.The objective of our work is to provide a support to the experts in the definition of their conservation/restoration policies and to provide a decision support system allowing the characterization of the physical state of documents by the integration and analysis of the data available in the databases of the various departments of the BnF.Considering that each document is described by a conservation/restoration history, which includes all the information likely to have an impact on its physical state, the main questions we are faced with are, on the one hand, the representation of these histories and their comparison taking into account their terminological heterogeneity, and on the other hand, the definition of an analysis process of these histories enabling to characterize the state of the documents and to predict it.Our work aims to propose some contributions towards a decision support system for conservation/restoration experts at the BnF. We have proposed a representation of conservation/restoration histories as semantic trajectories, and we have proposed appropriate similarity measures to resolve the terminological heterogeneity of the data using an external knowledge base developed in collaboration with experts. We also have defined an analysis process based on a clustering algorithm to predict the documents' physical state. Finally, we have proposed a novel concept weighting approach that allows to define the importance of the concepts considering a specific analysis task
Wu, Jing. "A qualitative spatio-temporal modelling and reasoning approach for the representation of moving entities". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0036/document.
Texto completoThe research developed in this thesis introduces a qualitative approach for representing and reasoning on moving entities in a two-dimensional geographical space. Movement patterns of moving entities are categorized based on a series of qualitative spatial models of topological relations between a directed line and a region, and orientation relations between two directed lines, respectively. Qualitative movements are derived from the spatio-temporal relations that characterize moving entities conceptualized as either points or regions in a two-dimensional space. Such a spatio-temporal framework supports the derivation of the basic movement configurations inferred from moving and static entities. The approach is complemented by a tentative qualification of the possible natural language expressions of the primitive movements identified. Complex movements can be represented by a composition of these primitive movements. The notion of conceptual transition that favors the exploration of possible trajectories in the case of incomplete knowledge configurations is introduced and explored.Composition tables are also studied and provide additional reasoning capabilities. The whole approach is applied to the analysis of flight patterns and maritime trajectories
Etienne, Laurent. "Motifs spatio-temporels de trajectoires d'objets mobiles, de l'extraction à la détection de comportements inhabituels : application au trafic maritime". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00667953.
Texto completoLaabidi, Myriam. "Représentations scolaires et culture hip-hop : Expériences et trajectoires". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29119/29119.pdf.
Texto completoBeauvallet, Willy. "Profession : eurodéputé. Les élus français au Parlement européen et l'institutionnalisation d'une nouvelle figure politique et élective (1979-2004)". Phd thesis, Université Robert Schuman - Strasbourg III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00311102.
Texto completoCadolle, Sylvie. "La relation beau-parent bel-enfant dans les familles recomposées : des représentations communes aux trajectoires identitaires". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0030.
Texto completoOne of the most important contempory mutations in the family, is the increasing number of children living with one parent and his new mate, i. E. , in stepfamilies. This work falls into three parts : the state of current research and theory on stepfamilies, and two empirical surveys. The first part deals with the evolution of the research on stepfamilies from 1987 to 1997. Everywhere a more dynamic approach to this phenomenon has prevailed. American researchers have been studying the effects of family structures. As for French sociologists, they mainly focus on the elusive social norms and behavioral caste differences in stepfamilies. Further more, sociologists have started collaborating with anthropologists on the various forms of kinship, and the norm of exclusive parenthood which characterizes western culture. The second part is about popular stereotypes on stepparents. Traditional literature has always presented us with the stories of wicked stepfathers and stepmothers, while nowadays popular books, children literature, and the media, show a positive image of and even glorify the new "tribes. " the third part examines the result of a survey conducted with sixty parents and children involved in stepfamilies. The data suggest that the stepfather only plays a secondary role in the education of the children. The protagonists'background shapes the relationship between stepparent and stepchild which is tighly related to the other relationships within the family network, and above all to the mother-child bond. The interviewed stepchildren seem not to conform to the social pattern of the new extended network. Their halfsiblings are their true brothers, but, contrarily to what the new myths would have us believe, neither their stepparent, nor their stepsiblings belong to their own family. The stepfamilies where coparenting is the rule are scarce. Most of them seem to be mother-centered, as it is usually the norm in the single- parent family
Xie, Yong. "Représentations de la France et des français, trajectoires et construction d’une compétence interculturelle en contexte sino-français". Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030016.
Texto completoBecause the exchanges between China and France keep on developing themselves, the representations built thanks to the different contacts and mobility are beginning to be an important problematic. The subject of our research is Chinese representations of France, French and the French language, and the factors occurring in the process of these representations. This study prioritises the half-directed interview as collection of data, crosses the experiment of six groups of Chinese who have experienced mobility to France in order to study, to emigrate or for professional reasons. The analysis of these interviews applies on two levels: a thematic study on the macro-social level dedicated to the sociocultural decoding, and a biographic study on the micro-social level in order to wonder on the majeur influence of the trajectory. Finally, this study advances educational propositions with the aim of the construction of an intercultural competence
Tarillon, Caroline. "Les représentations des dirigeants en matière de croissance et de gouvernance à l'origine des trajectoires des start-up". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENG015/document.
Texto completoStart-ups' represent a large pool of job and wealth creation. The high heterogeneity of their trajectories raises questions about the factors behind the growth process. Most previous research on this issue highlights the central role of the entrepreneur, primarily in terms of ability to lose control within the company and motivation for growth. This research is embedded in the broader conception of corporate governance that calls for taking into account simultaneously disciplinary and cognitive views of governance. This study analyzes the 2,703 entrepreneurs' profiles of start-ups which have been supported by the French Ministry in charge of Research between 1999 and 2012. The main objective is to understand the relationship between entrepreneurs' representations in terms of growth and governance and the trajectories of their firms. The results show the existence of four types of entrepreneurs. The independent entrepreneurs have a cognitive approach to corporate governance and consider that shareholders should have an enabling power by bringing skills, knowledge and network to the firm. They expect that growth could offer them greater independence, and are at the head of a company having experienced some growth in the past; they are still more motivated to continue to grow. The collective entrepreneurs have a hybrid approach to governance, centered primarily on managerial disciplinary role of shareholders but also on their cognitive contributions. These entrepreneurs only see growth in a positive way and, unlike independent entrepreneurs, if their company has not yet experienced growth, they are highly motivated for growth. The entrepreneurs-managers have only a disciplinary financial governance view; they anticipate growth as a way to consolidate the company that has seen its size greatly increased in the past. Their motivation to growth is also very high. Finally, self-centered entrepreneurs accord only extremely small role to shareholders; they have a negative view of growth, are at the head of a company which has no past growth and do not want to change in the future. To conclude, we observe a strong relationship between entrepreneurs' representations in terms of governance and growth, and the trajectories of the start-ups they lead
Ba, Oumar. "La politisation des partis à caractère ethnique dans les pays postcommunistes d’Europe Centrale et Orientale : une comparaison des trajectoires de la Bulgarie, la Serbie, le Monténégro et le Kosovo". Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR40052.
Texto completoThe revolutions of Eastern induced fragmentation of States were accompanied internally by a revival of ethnic parties, which is not without its problems in political democracy. Transitions and even more democratic consolidation are emerging a double phenomenon of interaction between actors and the system in search of a new equilibrium. Ethnic parties then politicize the system opens the ethnic actor. We are witnessing an evolutionary adjustment of the system to the new situation. The system opens to the new demands ethnic ways and to different degrees: between legalization and tolerance. Side actors, are gradually returning ethnic parties in the political game, in different ways and to different degrees. In our problem the field deploy interactive relationships between multi-level actors (parties-States) and in the various fields (political, societal and legal). Their connections are crossed between the State and international space, public and civil, political and social, with host countries or origin, but also the third States. They are separatist ambitions or simply political lobbies. We tried to highlight the main aspects of the complexity of the ethnic issue in young democracies political '' in consolidation ''. The ethnic problem of CEEC can help us to complete updating some general visions of political science? The actors involved are invited to avoid the pitfalls of nationalism perceived as '' petty '' or '' chaotic '' while serving the cause of a more flexible policy integration to the ‘‘democratic peace’’
Renon, François. "Influence de la trajectoire de vie du propriétaire dirigeant sur la représentation de son rapport à l'entreprise et de sa relation à la réussite". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0026/document.
Texto completoResearch in the entrepreneurial field has been conducted with the ambition of discovering the determinants of entrepreneurial success (Schmitt, 2015). In the champion of the science of management, the representation to the previous of Cognitivists. This orientation is definitive as the building construction.The psychodynamic approach proposes a different meaning of representations. It postulates that are psychic constructions on a relation to the represented object. In this way, the influence of the life trajectory of the actors is fully recognized.This research highlights the impact of the subjective experiences of entrepreneurs on the birth of the desire for creation and autonomy. Thus, we were led to identify with models, then we would have differentiated to finally be able to individuate.Nevertheless, in order to succeed in entrepreneurial action, the owner-managers must become aware of this desire for creation and autonomy. This research shows that such an awareness marks the entry of the owner-managers into the phenomenon of entrepreneurial emergence. The use of the psychodynamic approach makes it possible to shed different light on the successive stages of entrepreneurial emergence. In this orientation, it is considered similar to a symbolic pregnancy. The owner-manager becomes aware of his desire to undertake a phase of incorporation. Then in a retention phase, he is led to develop a vision and analyze the resources at his disposal. Finally, the expulsion phase corresponds to the symbolic birth of an organization or a business project. The owner-manager then attempts to materialize his business ideal which has been brought closer to the pygmalion complex. This well-known mechanism of psychoanalytic theory and particularly at work in artists' populations especially among sculptors.Verstraete (2003) has highlighted the existence of a relationship between the entrepreneur and the company within the entrepreneurial phenomenon. This research confirms this relationship and the contribution of psychoanalytic theory provides explanations of its nature. By fostering the desire to create an ideal business, the owner-manager is also led to project his own desires for success. This projection of the entrepreneur's ambitions on his company favors its development. This mechanism is similar to the pygmalion effect discovered by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968), which postulates that the success of children depends on the desire of their parents to project on them.This conjunction of the dual desire of the owner to give life to its creation and to promote its chances of success has been named the phenomenon of entrepreneurial pygmalion. This phenomenon influences representations of the relationship to the success of owner-managers in the sense that it expresses the ambitions projected on the organization. The company then becomes a means to materialize their personal aspirations. It is for this reason that they have a singular relationship with this creation.Finally the extreme involvement of the owner-manager in his business sometimes leads him to abandon his personal life. These works demonstrate their ambition to find a balance between the life of the company and their personal life
Chevallier-Rodrigues, Emilie. "Trajectoires scolaires et construction identitaire d'élèves en situation de handicap : rôle du sens de l'expérience scolaire". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20117/document.
Texto completoWe would propose to contribute to knowledge building by directly investigate pupils concerns about their schooling experiment' sense and the development of self-representations in terms educational trajectories. Their characteristics and specificities would be highlighted. We met 111 intellectually disabled pupils, 51 girls and 60 boys, aged 7.5 to 16 years old (A (average) = 12.4 ; SD (standard deviation) = 2.08), schooled in ULIS based in primary school (N=44), ULIS based in secondary school (N=49) and in specialized environment (N=19), in the Midi-Pyrénées area. Five additional instruments, all suitable for pupils we met, have been used to collect our data : self-drawing and man drawing (Hurtig & Rohrer, 1979), a Q-Sort of self-representations (Pierrehumbert & Rankin, 1990), the questionnaire Les jeunes, l’école et leur avenir (Prêteur, Constant & Féchant, 2004), a drawing of real school and dreaming school Dessin de l’Ecole Réelle et de l’Ecole Imaginaire (Caglar, 1983) and an orally bilan de savoir (knowledge assessment) (Charlot, Bautier & Rochex, 1992).Our results show existence of plural educational trajectories which emphasize pupils in a disability situation’s schooling. Current context of schooling and methods of teaching are prominent dimensions of these trajectories. The sense of schooling experience, based on these trajectories, underlines higher values given to intellectual and schooling knowledge. The teacher is perceived as the principal mediating agent between pupils and knowledge. The lack of peer’s relations is also observed in their recreational activity. Studying links between the variables of our study disclose a moderated effect of sense given to their schooling experience, particularly in daily knowledge, relationships with teachers, link to peers and school content, in the relationship between educational trajectories and self-representation
Méric, Clément. "Un cancer… et après ? : trajectoires de maladie et vécu d’hommes atteints d’une tumeur testiculaire". Thesis, Paris 10, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA100021.
Texto completoOncology has known considerable advanced therapy since the last three decades. Testicular treatment of tumors is such an example. This primary cancer pathology for young men, it has the highest survival rate of all cancers in France, and happens the time of the most important sexual activity, procreation and professional life. But their eradication are not without implications in corporeal, functional and psychological matters. The patients of testicular tumors do wonder about the opportunities, abilities, current and future limits in the different ranges of social life. This uncertainty being bounded to the life condition that is chosen during cancer period and its treatments, but also and principally afterwards. This is that thesis is about. The first part concerns “illness trajectories” (Anselm Strauss) of men suffering of testicular tumor, their perception of medical care for themselves. The second part addresses the experience of those treated during their cancer and also concerning libido, identity, corporeal, parental, professional levels. This specific pathology is a paradigm leading to prospective development. Currently this allows for these same treatments in other cancers. A disease that allows for high levels for complete cure but leaves lesser or greater traces that have to be dealt with for a long time, sometimes definitely
Piriou, Jenna. "Tourbières et boisements dirigés : gestion, représentations et trajectoires géohistoriques. Application aux forêts d’Écouves (Basse-Normandie, France) et de Slieveanorra (Comté d’Antrim, Irlande du Nord)". Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040196.
Texto completoÉcouves (Basse-Normandie, France) and Slieveanorra (Northern Ireland) forests are punctuated with peatlands. The thesis relates historical trajectories of these two sites, which experienced synchronic paradigmatic changes, and conducts surveys on representations and management.Results show that the sociosystem weights on the birth and future of intraforest peatlands, but representations and management practices of these turfi-sylvosystems are different.From the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th, the wood of Goult was a ruined broadleaved coppice, punctuated with depreciate, indeed dangerous, peatlands. The current Slieveanorra forest was occupied with extensively grazed and exploited blanket bogs and peaty heaths.Between 1950 and 1980, the “all-afforestation” policy developed these marginal lands with exotic coniferous trees plantations. The wood of Goult, state-owned in 1955, was replanted and peatlands were afforested with Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis). Slieveanorra forest was built, from 1955 too, with land purchasing by the department of Agriculture.Since the end of the 1980’s, conservation measures have grown in number. In the forest of Écouves, they are interventionists whereas in Slieveanorra forest, they are lighter; open spaces are protected and managed at least. Normans are influenced by the PNR Normandie-Maine and ONF communication and know the environment-bog and his naturalists qualities well whereas Northern Irish know the product-turf better, which they don’t want to see disappear
Asquin, Alain. "La dynamique processuelle des trajectoires organisationnelles : une reconsidération critique des représentations du changement par la mise en évidence d'un principe d'équilibration entre expérience et expérimentation". Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0046.
Texto completoTraditional perpectives on organisational dynamics are mainly determinist or reversluy too much confident in social actorss. In order to outmach such proposals, one can develop a processual point of view the processual aspect is due to a gradual motion of organisation, based on the combination of experience and seach for new experimentations. This combination prevent from the traps of mere exploitation or mere exploration and preserve the firm viability. Models of evolutionary economics are usefull for organisational theory. They sublign the deep conceptual interest of a gradually developped "trajectory" therefore, this stream is still residually determinist. This lead to investigate what could be endogeneous in fluctuations of trajectory dynamics. The crossing of self-organisation principles and theory of "ambiguity" generale a very intresting flied for research. Then, we propose an original model for evolution based on the interaction of three main factors: micro-diversity, incompletedness and organisational learning
Croteau, Karine. "Les représentations de l'univers éducatif et la trajectoire migratoire au coeur des stratégies d'accompagnement parental l'insertion scolaire de jeunes péruviens immigrants en Estrie". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2444.
Texto completoZacklad, Rachel. "L’entrepreneuriat dans le champ du vieillissement : de l’analyse structurale de récits biographiques aux trajectoires professionnelles". Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC013.
Texto completoThe economic and social changes of contemporary societies are based on the observation of an inevitable demographic dynamic and on the construction of a particular economic paradigm: on the one hand, the aging of the population, and on the other hand, the importance of innovation as a source of economic growth. The economic paradigm of innovation has been developing since the 1970s, growing from a central preoccupation in large firms, into a larger framework for the development of entrepreneurship more generally, even at a regional level. At the same time, public policies supporting the elderly initially set up during the 20th century for purposes of social protection, have increasingly privileged the initiatives and the development of private actors, thus encouraging the development of the silver economy. It is therefore in light of the interweaving of these two social dynamics that this thesis has sought to study the career paths of innovative entrepreneurs in the aging sector through a qualitative analysis of biographical stories. In an interactionist perspective, and based on the structural analysis of Demazière and Dubar (1997), the thesis studies the links between the operative logics pursued by silver-economy entrepreneurs on the one hand, as shaped by their professional trajectories and by their representations, and on the other hand, the macroeconomic challenges which characterize these logics and these representations. Based on this analysis, the thesis sheds light upon both the contributions and the limits of relevant structuralist methodology of analysis
Victor, Stéphane. "Identification par modèle non entier pour la poursuite robuste de trajectoire par platitude". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR14115/document.
Texto completoThe general theme of the work enables to handle a system, from identification to robust control. Flatness principles tackle path planning unless knowing the system model, hence the system parameter identification necessity. The principal contribution of this thesis deal with system identification by non integer models and with robust path tracking by the use of flatness principles for fractional models.Chapter 1 recalls the definitions and properties of a fractional operator and also the various representation methods of a fractional system. The stability theorem is also brought to mind. Fractional polynomial and fractional polynomial matrice algebras are introduced for the extension of flatness principles for fractional systems.Chapter 2 is about non integer model identification. After a state of the art on system identification by non integer model. Two contexts are considered : in presence of white noise and of colored noise. In each situation, two optimal (in variance and bias sense) estimators are put forward : one, when considering a known model structure with fixed differentiating orders, and another one by combining nonlinear programming technics for the optimization of coefficients and differentiating orders.Chapter 3 establishes the extension of flatness principles to fractional systems. Flatness of linear fractional systems are studied while considering different approaches such as transfer functions or pseudo-state-space representations with polynomial matrices. Path tracking robustness is ensured with CRONE control. Simulation examples display theoretical developments on flatness through thermal diffusion on a metallic rod. Finally, Chapter 4 is devoted to validate the contributions to system identification, to trajectory planning and to robust path tracking on a real fractional system : a metallic rod submitted to a heat flux
Muhidine, Eléonore. "Reconstruire la ville par les mots : trajectoires et engagements des critiques d’architecture berlinois des années 1950 à 1980". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20055.
Texto completoBoth in East and West Berlin, as soon as the mid-fifties, architecture critics have come to the fore and shown that in spite of political pressures imposed on them, they shared a will to reflect upon the urban identity of the divided city. Indeed, the Reconstruction of German towns after WWII refers to a vast project of restoration of the material infrastructures but also the redefinition of a cultural and intellectual landscape bearing the heavy mark of Nazi ideology. Choosing a perspective of cultural and intellectual history, this thesis explores the careers, writings and networks of Ulrich Conrads, Günther Kühne, Julius Posener, Wolf Jobst Siedler, Klaus Duntze, Dieter Hoffmann-Axthelm and Nikolaus Kunhert in West-Berlin and of Kurt Liebknecht, Richard Paulick, Hermann Henselmann, Kurt Junghanns, Bruno Flierl and Wolfgang Kil in East-Berlin. Whether architects or history of art specialists, writers in the specialist press, journalists in the general press but also sometimes publishers and teachers in universities and art schools, those critics committed themselves to making the Berlin architectural culture [Baukultur] known in the XXth century. To a large extent they initiated a redefining of the stakes of architectural and urban criticism in post 1945 Germany
Broustau, Nadège. "La trajectoire argumentative des représentations médiatiques dans les textes d'opinion en presse écrite: le cas Elian Gonzalez dans le Washington Post, le New York Times et le Miami Herald". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257670.
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Broustau, Nadège. "La trajectoire argumentative des représentations médiatiques dans les textes d'opinion en presse écrite : le cas Elián González dans le Miami Herald, le Washington Post et le New York Times". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24742/24742.pdf.
Texto completoCardin, Lise. "Introduction et diffusion du handball en France : des origines étrangères à l'affirmation nationale française (1922-2004)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG028/document.
Texto completoUnlike the other team sports brought to France in the second half of the 19th century, handball thrived in France between the First and the Second World Wars. It has moved since then from a winter training practice to become a professional activity at the beginning of the 21st century. The objective of our research is to explain the integration and propagation processes of this sport, with geopolitical as well as technical and tactical considerations. A variety of sources have been investigated – institutional archives, testimonies of 25 stakeholders, press articles, periodicals about handball – with regards to three axis – institutional, social and cultural – ; four stages have been identified in the development of handball in France. The first phase is the importation of handball through two dissemination vectors that have different scales and paces: the sport of the working class and school sport. The Vichy government creates the FFHB, which is associated to a few Physical Education teachers that are captivated by this new activity – football played with hands in teams of 7 or 11 players. Then, when the handball is mainly played in teams of 7, its cultural representation changes: it goes from a superposition of individual technics to the need of taking into consideration teammates and opponents. This revolution is supported by the national technical direction in the 1960’s and 1970’s and is linked to the scientific thoughts in France and abroad ; meanwhile, Nelson Paillou makes handball available to the masses and structures the federal system with the objective to promote non professional handball. With the collapse of the communist bloc, federal managers and trainers choose to favour high-level sport and contribute to the first French successes. From the 1990’s, they also start developing the commercial aspect and the spectacle aspect of the sport. However, at the dawn of the 21st century, handball finally moves away from international models and follows the development of the other team sports with a more professional structure and stakeholders
Tarbouni, Younasse. "THE ARAB CENTURY opposing trajectories of Arab activism in MENA What has changed? the case of the Moroccan movement of February 20, 2011". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH014.
Texto completoWith the MF20 as the major Case Study , I argue against the claims of the newness, uniqueness, success and failure or finality of these Arab movements. I revisit the first decade of the 21st century and the declaration of War on Terrorism (2003) as one trigger of sociopolitical conflicts that were already entrenched in the MENA region. What we witnessed in the second decade of this century is that the Arab uprisings only exposed transgressions in human rights and atrocities in the Middle East to the world. These uprisings were hurriedly reduced to seasonal uprisings. The third decade unfortunately looks to be in the hands of right-wing ideologues standing against multiculturalism and stressing the fear of religious extremism to change the focus from social issues and force the narrative of us-against-them on the forefront. For these reasons, I claim, there is no finality to the Arab uprisings, they have just begun and they are not in a state of thaw as Davis (2013) depicts them, but they are in slumbering phase recouping for a stronger come back. The close analysis in the project of the saga of struggles of these Arab movements with the Arab autocratic regimes who engineered nothing but preemptive reforms, requires our close attention for the remaining decades in this 21st century. Even the so-called successful cases, Tunisia and Morocco, indicate that what is celebrated is a state of temporary stability with major and alarming short comings in social change and social justice; two of the main reasons of the so called Arab Spring. Thomas Friedman suggests great historical details, in his great piece for the New York Times, calling for the expression “Arab Spring” be retired and be replaced by Anthony Cordesman’s the “Arab Decade” or “Arab Quarter Century” . I claim we are beyond that, and that we are witnessing an Arab Century in movement.If the recent political changes around the world are any indication, social change in the Arab world will be overlooked for at least another decade. The rise of the extreme right to power in the US and in Europe has already shifted the focus from the social injustices in the Arab world to the everlasting issue of Islam and extremism in the West. This is proving to be a big break for Arab autocratic regimes, who are using this rise of Islamophobia in the West as a unifying argument that distracts from the social injustices within their republics and kingdoms. Thus, the struggle of Arab citizens within the Arab states for social dignity will be overlooked until the revived narrative of the clash of Islam and the West dies down
Lu, Yi. "Calcul fonctionnel non-anticipatif et applications aux processus stochastiques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066418/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on various mathematical questions arising in the non-anticipative functional calculus, which is based on a notion of pathwise directional derivatives for functionals. We extend the scope and results of this calculus to functionals which may not admit such derivatives, either through approximations (Part I) or by defining a notion of weak vertical derivative (Part II). In the first part, we consider the representation of conditional expectations as non-anticipative functionals. We show that it is possible under very general conditions to approximate such functionals by a sequence of smooth functionals in an appropriate sense. This approach provides a systematic method for computing explicit approximations to martingale representations for a large class of Brownian functionals. We also derive explicit convergence rates of the approximations. These results are then applied to the problem of sensitivity analysis and dynamic hedging of (path-dependent) contingent claims. In the second part, we propose a concept of weak vertical derivative for non-anticipative functionals which may fail to possess directional derivatives. The definition of the weak vertical derivative is based on the notion of pathwise quadratic variation and makes use of the duality associated to the associated bilinear form. We show that the notion of weak vertical derivative leads to a functional characterization of local martingales with respect to a reference process, and allows to define a concept of pathwise weak solution for path-dependent partial differential equations
Kopp-Bigault, Céline. "Etude exploratoire des déterminants psychosociaux et psychopathologiques à l'oeuvre dans les phénomènes suicidaires en pays Centre Ouest Bretagne : perspectives pour une prévention du suicide et des tentatives de suicide en pays COB et en Bretagne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG018/document.
Texto completoThe present thesis analyzes the role of psychosocial and psychopathological factors in the abnormally high rate of deaths by suicide in the “Pays COB” territory. It is based on the hypothesis according to which the interactions between the social conceptions of suicide and the personal trajectories hinders suicide prevention. We studied the structure of social representations of suicide (SR) with Vergès’method (double analysis of the evocation rank) and uncover specific SR in Brittany and in “Pays COB”. A study of the life trajectories highlighted the excessive rate of depressions and personality disorders. We also found amoung suicide victims a weak self-esteem, a difficulty to talk and to ask for help, transgenerational and current violent tendencies, an incestual climate and (self-) stigmatization related to the SR of suicide, depression and psychiatric services. A study about the effect of a suicide showed that it has an impact on the close relatives: individual and family psychic trauma, traumatic grief. Following these results, specific actions can be carried out in this territory to improve the prevention of suicide and of suicide attempts
Aliakbari, khoei Mina. "Une approche computationnelle de la dépendance au mouvement du codage de la position dans la système visuel". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4041/document.
Texto completoCoding the position of moving objects is an essential ability of the visual system in fulfilling precise and robust tracking tasks. This thesis is focalized upon this question: How does the visual system efficiently encode the position of moving objects, despite various sources of uncertainty? This study deploys the hypothesis that the visual systems uses prior knowledge on the temporal coherency of motion (Burgi et al 2000; Yuille and Grzywacz 1989). We implemented this prior by extending the modeling framework previously proposed to explain the aperture problem (Perrinet and Masson, 2012), so-called motion-based prediction (MBP). This model is a Bayesian motion estimation framework implemented by particle filtering. Based on that, we have introduced a theory on motion-based position coding, to investigate how neural mechanisms encoding the instantaneous position of moving objects might be affected by motion. Results of this thesis suggest that motion-based position coding might be a generic neural computation among all stages of the visual system. This mechanism might partially compensate the accumulative and restrictive effects of neural delays in position coding. Also it may account for motion-based position shifts as the flash lag effect. As a specific case, results of diagonal MBP model reproduced the anticipatory response of neural populations in the primary visual cortex of macaque monkey. Our results imply that an efficient and robust position coding might be highly dependent on trajectory integration and that it constitutes a key neural signature to study the more general problem of predictive coding in sensory areas
Ndiaye, Macodou. "Les usages sociaux des groupes de travail au Sénégal : facteurs d'égalisation des chances scolaires". Phd thesis, Aix-Marseille Université, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956345.
Texto completoRámila, Díaz Noemi. "L’identité professionnelle des enseignants d’espagnol langue étrangère pour adultes en France et en Espagne : état des lieux". Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100051.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to analyse the professional identity of teachers of Spanish as a foreign language in two European countries: France and Spain. In spite of the development of English, the most studied language in the world, Spanish is growing at a rapid pace. However, although teachers are the most important element in language teaching, research does not seem to be interested in the analysis of their professional and socioeconomic circumstances and the role of emotions in the workplace. Indeed, the teachers of Spanish face multiple challenges, not only in France where Spanish competes with English, but also in Spain, where the national language has become a new source of income. How is it possible then, to offer a quality teaching when the heart of teaching remains unclear? This thesis offers the analysis of 76 interviews to teachers of Spanish and 329 responses of an online questionnaire
El objetivo de esta tesis es el análisis de la identidad profesional de los profesores de español lengua extranjera (ELE) en dos países europeos: Francia y España. A pesar del gran desarrollo del inglés, que se ha convertido en la lengua más estudiada del mundo, el español está creciendo en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, aunque que los profesores son el elemento principal en la enseñanza de idiomas, las investigaciones parecen no interesarse en sus condiciones socio-económicas ni en su relación emocional con el trabajo. Ciertamente, los profesores de ELE están expuestos a múltiples desafíos, no sólo en Francia, donde la lengua española compite en la escuela con el inglés, sino también en España, donde la lengua nacional se ha convertido en una fuente de ingresos. Con base a estos datos, nos preguntamos: ¿cómo es posible ofrecer una enseñanza de ELE de calidad, cuando no se conoce el “corazón” de la enseñanza? Esta tesis ofrece el análisis de las entrevistas realizadas a 76 profesores de ELE, así como de las 329 respuestas obtenidas a un cuestionario en línea
Fansi, Tchango Arsène. "Reconnaissance comportementale et suivi multi-cible dans des environnements partiellement observés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0156/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we are interested in the problem of pedestrian behavioral tracking within a critical environment partially under sensory coverage. While most of the works found in the literature usually focus only on either the location of a pedestrian or the activity a pedestrian is undertaking, we stands in a general view and consider estimating both data simultaneously. The contributions presented in this document are organized in two parts. The first part focuses on the representation and the exploitation of the environmental context for serving the purpose of behavioral estimation. The state of the art shows few studies addressing this issue where graphical models with limited expressiveness capacity such as dynamic Bayesian networks are used for modeling prior environmental knowledge. We propose, instead, to rely on richer contextual models issued from autonomous agent-based behavioral simulators and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through extensive experimental evaluations. The second part of the thesis addresses the general problem of pedestrians’ mutual influences, commonly known as targets’ interactions, on their respective behaviors during the tracking process. Under the assumption of the availability of a generic simulator (or a function) modeling the tracked targets' behaviors, we develop a yet scalable approach in which interactions are considered at low computational cost. The originality of the proposed approach resides on the introduction of density-based aggregated information, called "representatives’’, computed in such a way to guarantee the behavioral diversity for each target, and on which the filtering system relies for computing, in a finer way, behavioral estimations even in case of occlusions. We present the modeling choices, the resulting algorithms as well as a set of challenging scenarios on which the proposed approach is evaluated
Noyon, Valérie. "Modèle de vue relative et spatio-temporelle de trajectoires géographiques d'objets mobiles : application au contexte maritime". Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180981.
Texto completoJeanneret-Grosjean, Cédric. "Représentation de trajectoires spatiotemporelles dans un système d’information géographique : le cas des activités d’observation de mammifères marins dans le Parc marin du Saguenay – Saint-Laurent". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4126.
Texto completoThe considerable volume of commercial boat trips associated with whale-watching activities (WWAs) in the Saguenay-Saint-Laurent National Marine Park (PMSSL) may have negative impacts on the health of the whales visiting the Saint-Lawrence River estuary. This situation has led park officials to seek an appropriate information management system in order to better monitor WWAs. This paper contributes to the design of such a tool by modeling excursion patterns of WWAs, resulting in a database. Based on the space-time path concept used for the study of activity-based travel behavior as well as the mobile-object geomatical concept, our data-model enables us to plot the trajectories of the excursions and the sequence of activities taking place during those excursions. The model is object-oriented and built into a Geodatabase (an ArcGis-processable relational database). The objects in the database are based on data collected by the Marine Mammal Research and Education Group (GREMM) during a three-year WWA monitoring program. Finally, this report demonstrates that geographic information systems can be effectively used to process the database in a way that serves the needs of park officials, and that the representation of excursion data in a GIS opens up new avenues for research on the space-time pattern of observation activities and the travel behavior of boats.
Parc marin du Saguenay - Saint-Laurent, Groupe de recherche et d'éducation sur les mammifères marins, GREMM, excursions aux baleines, bélugas, Tadoussac, règlementation, ArcCatalog, ArcMap.
Provencher, Marie-Andrée. "La prostitution de survie chez de jeunes femmes en situation de rue à Montréal (Québec, Canada) : une analyse qualitative de leurs représentations et trajectoires". Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4599/1/M12417.pdf.
Texto completo"Identification par modèle non entier pour la poursuite robuste de trajectoire par platitude". 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978545.
Texto completoMapto, Kengne Valèse. "Les filles sur le chemin de l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique subsaharienne : analyse de leurs trajectoires, représentations sociales de l’école et résilience à travers leurs récits biographiques". Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5211.
Texto completoSchooling, education and training are a necessity as well as a constraint for the evolution of developing countries, because sustainable development requires access to modern and technological knowledge and culture. The aim of our research is to discover the factual experience of the schooling of girls in Sub-Saharan Africa, through an analysis of their biographical narratives. This doctoral dissertation addresses three questions concerning the higher education of girls in Sub-Saharan Africa: (1) What trajectories do Sub-Saharan girls follow to become university students? (2) What role do Sub-Saharan girls' social representations and resilience play in attaining higher education? (3) On the basis of biographical narratives provided by Sub-Saharan girl university students, what factors, risk or protective, seem determinant to succeed in reaching higher education? To answer these questions, we gathered a corpus of 23 biographical narratives. The content analysis of these narratives was carried out with the aid of Alceste, a software program for the analysis of textual data. Alceste processed each word in the 23 narratives, and then executed a factor analysis of these words. The advantage of this method is to allow the researcher to uncover hidden dimensions within the mass of data analyzed. Three classes of words emerged from this factor analysis. The three classes were cross-tabulated with the 23 respondents. The result of the cross-tabulation revealed three types of resilient girl university students, according to their schooling trajectory: the fighter, the assisted and the heiress. On the basis of: (a) the girl students' narratives, (b) the three classes produced by software program Alceste, and (c) the cross-tabulations, we draw three typical portraits of the girl students. The trajectory of each type of student involves an interaction of various sociological and individual variables: socio-economic background, family environment, rural-urban context, age, obstacles, failures, grade repeatings, success. The schooling of girls increases more rapidly in urban areas than in rural areas. For the fighters, schooling is experienced through sacrifice, suffering and helplessness. For the assisted, it moves forward thanks to contacts and timely networking. For the heiresses, it starts in early childhood and progresses rapidly. In their narratives, the informants use words that express disparities, variations, dynamics and detours in their schooling trajectories. Contexts, locations, events, age and family affect the trajectories in various ways. Common to all girls, though, is the motivation to attain higher education. Early access to schooling, which is found in the cities rather than in rural areas, is among the protective factors that contribute most to the schooling of girls at the university level. Another factor of utmost importance is parents’ schooling: highly educated parents have better chances to see their daughters, heiresses, persevere in their studies. Among fighters and assisted, individual protective factors are decisive: with little or no financial means or familial support, these girls need to manage on their own and conceive novel solutions in order to overcome adversity. We note, in particular, the courage and battling spirit of the fighters, and the help and support provided by a network to the assisted. However, the effect of all these factors is not the same in the various familial, social and institutional contexts. Beyond what we have shed light on concerning the fighters, the assisted and the heiresses, much remains to be discovered concerning the schooling and educational perseverance of girls in Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the Jomtien Conference in 1990, various mobilizations have borne fruit, as they facilitated girls’ access to school. Our research on girl university students in Sub-Saharan Africa shows that all of these girls display resilience and that the means and solutions to attain higher education are specific to each girl.
Les graphiques ont été réalisés avec le logiciel Alceste.
Duchastel, Julie. "Représentations identitaires chez un homme ayant purgé une longue peine : aspects stables et mobiles". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16095.
Texto completoNumerous studies have focused on the issues of abandonment of crime and the desistance process that precedes it. While the approaches retained are diversified, they all point to the social as well as personal changes the process implies. This thesis focuses on the identity changes of an individual who received a long prison sentence, and who later obtained a full parole. The main objective of this thesis is to understand what are the permanent aspects of identity and those that are modifiable at work in the changing path of a man sentenced for murder and has obtained full parole. The life approach, and in a phenomenological perspective, was used to achieve the objectives of this research. A man sentenced to a life prison and who later obtained his total release was met for ten in-depth interviews each lasting between an hour and an hour and a half. Such a large number of semi-structured type interviews allowed us to deepen our understanding. The results suggest that certain representations of identity remain stable over time while others change over the life course. Indeed, from the analysis of the individual's life story two stable representations emerged that permanently mark his identity during his life trajectory, and four modifiable, which developed during his detention. The results also show that stable representations appear to be involved in both the criminogenic process and during his desistance.
Contreras, Ramírez Roberto A. "Apropiación de estrategias de inserción laboral : convergencias y divergencias entre los organismos comunitarios y jóvenes pertenecientes a poblaciones desfavorecidas de Montreal". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19994.
Texto completoManrique, Rueda Gabriela. "Travailler dans la violence : le sale boulot paramilitaire en Colombie". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21125.
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