Tesis sobre el tema "Renewable gase"
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Thomson, Rachel Camilla. "Carbon and energy payback of variable renewable generation". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8875.
Texto completoGhalebani, Alireza. "Renewable Energy Investment Planning and Policy Design". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6243.
Texto completoKhan, MD Ershad Ullah. "Renewables Based Polygeneration for Rural Development in Bangladesh". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-205556.
Texto completoBangladesh har varit föremål för en svår energikris (bristande el- och gasnät) de senaste tre decennierna. Landsbygden, som innefattar 75 % av befolkningen, har varit särskilt drabbad. Trots landets elektrifieringsprogram av landsbygden är fotogenlampor den företrädande ljuskällan, medan förorenande och ohållbar träbaserad biomassa är praktiskt taget det enda alternativet för matlagning. Landsbygden kämpar samtidigt mot osäkert dricksvatten, på grund av utbredd arsenikförgiftning av brunnsvatten, med negativa hälsoeffekter som följd. Tillgång till ren energi och säkert dricksvatten är verkliga behov bland de fattiga på landsbygden, för ökad välfärd. Detta arbete antar ett integrerat tillvägagångssätt för att försöka lösa dessa problem genom småskalig polygenerering. Detta koncept länkar samman förnyelsebara energikällor av biomassa och sol med energibehoven, genom nya energiomvandlingssystem. Anaerobiska rötkammare för biogasproduktion är lovande för landsbygdsmiljö, även om det för närvarande råder en betydande klyfta mellan den tekniska och kostandseffektiva potentialen och faktisk implementering på grund av bristande tekniskt kunnande och tillgång på råmaterial, höga installations- och driftkostnader, och begränsade användartillämpningar. Intervjuundersökningar visar på problem i konstruktion, underhåll och drift av befintliga anaerobiska rötkammare. Särskilt den generella prestandan hos hushållsrötkammare identifieras som bristfällig. Utifrån dessa resultat föreslås en rad drift- och teknikförbättringar för att utnyttja rötkammare i polygenereringssystem. Denna studie undersöker även en metod för småskalig och kostnadseffektiv arsenikrening av grundvatten genom membrandestillation med luftspalt (Air Gap Membrane Distillation, AGMD), vilket är en termiskt driven vattenreningsteknik. Resultat från en experimentell undersökning visar att den undersökta AGMD-prototypen är kapabel att uppnå utmärkt separationseffektivitet med hänsyn till arsenikrening. Parametriska studier med fokus på varierande kylvattentemperatur illustrerar möjligheten att integrera AGMD-teknik i diverse termiska system. Integrering av biogasproduktion med kraftproduktion och vattenrening är ett innovativt koncept som utgör kärnan av förstudierna utförda i detta arbete. En av studierna visar ett nytt koncept för biogasbaserad polygenerering och analyserar den techno-ekonomiska prestandan av metoden för att möta efterfrågan av elektricitet, matlagningsvärme och säkert dricksvatten för 30 hushåll i en Bangladeshisk by på landsbygden. De specifika tekniker som valts för energiomvandlingsstegen är följande: plugg-flödesrötkammare, förbränningsmotor och en AGMD-enhet. Termodynamisk utvärdering inklusive mass- och energibalans av systemet undersöktes tillsammans med produktionskostnaden för elektricitet, matlagningsgas, och säkert dricksvatten. Även återbetalningsperiod och internräntan undersöktes. För att bemöta energi- och arsenikproblemen i Bangladesh, indikerar resultaten att detta polygenereringssystem är mycket mer konkurrenskraftigt och lovande (med avseende på produktionskostnaderna) jämfört med andra tillgängliga tekniker. Ett viktigt problem för rötkammaren är tillgången till lokalt råmaterial, eftersom en ensam källa till råmaterial är opraktiskt för att tillgodose efterfrågan från både matlagning, belysning och vattenrening. I detta fall kan solceller vara ett potentiellt alternativ för integrerade hybridsystem. Teknisk värdering och optimering har genomförts för elektricitet med verktyget HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources), för ett polygenereringssystem beläget i byn Panipara i Faridpur. Resultaten visar att systement kan tillgodoses det dagliga elektricitetsbehovet och samtidigt producera 0.4 m3 matlagningsbränsle och 2-3 L/person rent dricksvatten. Kostnadsuppskattningar visar att denna metod är högst gynnsam jämfört med andra förnyelsebara alternativ (t ex vind-, vatten-, biobränslebaserad- eller geotermisk energi).
QC 20170419
SIDA – the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Department for Research Cooperation, SAREC- project no. SWE-2011-135
STEM-Fjärrsyn project 2014
Hughes, Dimitri. "Facilitated characterization of a catalytic partial oxidation fuel reformer using in situ measurements". Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31646.
Texto completoCommittee Co-Chair: Haynes, Comas; Committee Co-Chair: Wepfer, William; Committee Member: Jeter, Sheldon. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Mkosi, Lungisa. "Characterization of various garden grass species for energy conversion in a down draft biomass gasifier". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/5817.
Texto completoGonzález, García-Cervigón Maria Inmaculada. "Adsorption and oxidation of NO to NO2 over a renewable activated carbon from coconut". Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13678.
Texto completoButler, Kirt Gordon. "Relationship of Solar Energy Installation Permits to Renewable Portfolio Standards and Insolation". Thesis, Walden University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3739574.
Texto completoLegislated renewable portfolio standards (RPSs) may not be the key to ensure forecast energy demands are met. States without a legislated RPS and with efficient permitting procedures were found to have approved and issued 28.57% more permits on average than those with a legislated RPS. Assessment models to make informed decisions about the need and effect of legislated RPSs do not exist. Decision makers and policy creators need to use empirical data and a viable model to resolve the debate over a nationally legislated RPS. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine if relationships between the independent variables of RPS and insolation levels and the dependent variable of the percentage of permits approved would prove to be a viable model. The research population was 68 cities in the United States, of which 55 were used in this study. The return on investment economic decision model provided the theoretical framework for this study and the model generated. The output of multiple regression analysis indicated a weak to medium positive relationship among the variables. None of these relationships were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. A model using site specific data might yield significant results and be useful for determining which solar energy projects to pursue and where to implement them without Federal or State mandated RPSs. A viable model would bring about efficiency gains in the permitting process and effectiveness gains in promoting installations of solar energy-based systems. Research leading to the development of a viable model would benefit society by encouraging the development of sustainable energy sources and helping to meet forecast energy demands.
Weber-Newth, Francesca. "The game of urban regeneration : culture & community in London 2012 and Berlin's Mediaspree". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227623.
Texto completoRameesdeen, Sabra Banu. "Investigation of the ketonization reaction of renewable acids and esters". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/25424/.
Texto completoDabrowska, Kornelia Anna. "LINKING PROFITABILITY, RENEWABLE ENERGY, AND EXTERNALITIES: A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC ASSESSMENT OF THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF OHIO DAIRIES". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269360484.
Texto completoArcher, Nneka Cori-anne. "Strategies Utility Managers Used to Implement Renewable Energy Technologies in the Caribbean". ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1771.
Texto completoZeller-Powell, Christine Elizabeth. "Defining Biomass as a Source of Renewable Energy: The Life-Cycle Carbon Emissions of Biomass Energy and a Survey and Analysis of Biomass Definitions in States' Renewable Portfolio Standards, Federal Law, and Proposed Legislation". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11483.
Texto completoElectricity generated from woody biomass material is generally considered renewable energy and has been considered carbon neutral. However, recent criticism from scientists argues that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission profile of bioenergy is nuanced and the carbon neutral label is inappropriate. An initial carbon debt is created when a forest is harvested and combusted for bioenergy. Because forests re-grow over a period of years, life cycle analyses show that bioenergy generated from whole trees from forests may not reduce GHG emissions in the short term, as required to combat climate change. State renewable portfolio standards and federal laws and proposed legislation designed to incentivize renewable energy typically define eligible forms of biomass that qualify for these incentives. Most of these definitions are very broad and do not account for GHG emissions from bioenergy. Federal and state laws should incorporate life cycle analyses into definitions of eligible biomass so that these laws incentivize biomass electricity that reduces GHG emissions in the next several decades.
Committee in charge: Roberta Mann, Chairperson; Scott Bridgham, Member
Kiedanski, Diego. "Mechanisms and architectures to encourage the massive and efficient use of local renewable energy". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAT036.
Texto completoTo meet carbon reduction goals in Europe but worldwide too, a large number of renewable distributed energy resources (DER) still need to be deployed.Aiming at mobilizing private capitals, several plans have been developed to put end-customers at the heart of the energy transition, hoping to accelerate the adoption of green energy by increasing its attractiveness and profitability.Some of the proposed models include the creation of local energy markets where households can sell their energy to their neighbors at a higher price than what the government would be willing to pay (but lower than what other customers normally pay), shared investment models in which consumers own a carbon-free power plant such as a wind turbine or a solar farm and they obtain dividends from its production to collective auto-consumption models in which several families are ‘hidden’ behind the same smart meter, allowing them to optimize their aggregated consumption profile and therefore maximizing the value of their DER.One of the main objectives of the thesis is to understand these different incentives as they will play a crucial role in tackling climate change if correctly implemented. To do so, we design a framework ‘local energy trading’ that encompasses a large number of incentives.In the context of local energy trading, we study the interactions of prosumers (consumers with generation capabilities) located in the same Low Voltage network, possibly behind the same feeder. These prosumers will still be connected to the main power grid and they will have the option, as they do today, to buy and sell to/from their utility company at a fixed price (a flat rate or a Time-of-Use, for example). For these agents to fully benefit from the advantages of local energy trading, we shall assume that they own appliances (such as batteries) that, without changing their perceived energy demand, can enable them to change their net energy demand as seen from outside their homes. Modeling prosumers as rational utility maximizers, they will schedule their battery to decrease the cost associated with their net energy demand (as their perceived demand remains unchanged).In the first part of the thesis, we investigate competitive models in which prosumers sell their surplus to their neighbors via a local energy market. We analyze different strategies that players could use to participate in these markets and their impact on the normal operation of the power grid and the Distribution System Operator. In this regard, it is shown that sequential markets can pose a problem to the system and a new market mechanism that exploits domain knowledge is proposed to increase the efficiency of the local trades.In the second part of the thesis, we delve into incentives that can be implemented through cooperation. In this regard, we use cooperative game theory to model the shared investment into energy storage and photovoltaic panels (PV) by a group of prosumers. For the studied model we show that a stable solution (in the core of the game) exists in which all participants cooperate and we provide an efficient algorithm to find it. Furthermore, we also show that cooperation is stable for participants that already own batteries and PVs but prefer to operate them in coordination to increase their value, effectively implementing collective auto-consumption.Finally, we demonstrate how to integrate both models: the shared investment and the cooperative control of existing resources into a single cooperative framework which also enjoys the existence of stable outcomes. For this later model, we propose to decouple the return over investments (ROI) obtained between the ROI produced by the investment in hardware and the ROI obtained by cooperation itself. By doing so, we can offer the former profit to external investors to raise the required capital (although nothing forbids the member of the coalition to contribute) and the latter to the actual consumers
Chau, Long-yee Feon y 周朗怡. "Changing the rules of the game: an examination of citizen participation in Hong Kong's urban renewal". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45817947.
Texto completoMcGill, Kristin Li. "Potential Solar Consumers' Understanding of Energy Policy Development in Hawaiâi". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7489.
Texto completoSavage, William. "The Full Cost of Renewables: Managing Wind Integration Costs in California". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/57.
Texto completoBortot, Baptiste. "Gas for Balancing of Variable Power Generation : A Systemic Case Study". Thesis, KTH, Elektriska energisystem, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-144860.
Texto completoTaliotis, Constantinos. "Large scale renewable energy deployment - Insights offered by long-term energy models from selected case studies". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-207364.
Texto completoQC 20170519
Thayer, Roland P. "A Policymaker's Guide to Feed-In Tariffs: Encouraging a Responsible Transition to Renewable Electricity in California". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/87.
Texto completoHe, Youbiao. "The Energy Management of Next-generation Microgrid Systems". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1500907510831555.
Texto completoHobson, Alan George Cawood. "Optimising the renewal of natural gas reticulation pipes using GIS". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52980.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: A major concern for Energex, Australia's largest energy utility in South East Queensland, is the escape of natural gas out of their reticulation systems. Within many of the older areas in Brisbane, these networks operate primarily at low and medium pressure with a significant percentage of mains being cast iron or steel. Over many years pipes in these networks have been replaced, yet reports show that unaccounted for gas from the same networks remain high. Furthermore, operation and maintenance budgets for these networks are high with many of these pipes close to the end of their economic life. When operation and maintenance costs exceed the costs of replacement, the Energex gas utility initiates projects to renew reticulation networks with polyethylene pipes. Making decisions about pipe renewal requires an evaluation of historical records from a number of sources, namely: • gas consumption figures, • history of leaks, • maintenance and other related cost, and • the loss of revenue contributed by unaccounted for gas. Financial justification of capital expenditure has always been a requirement for renewal projects at the Energex gas utility, however the impact of a deregulation in the energy utility market has necessitated a review of their financial assessment for capital projects. The Energex gas utility has developed an application that evaluates the financial viability of renewal projects. This research will demonstrate the role of GIS integration with the Energex financial application. The results of this study showed that a GIS integrated renewal planning approach incorporates significant benefits including: • Efficient selection of a sub-network based on pipe connectivity, • Discovery of hidden relationships between spatially enabled alphanumeric data and environmental information that improves decision making, and • Enhanced testing of proposed renewal design options by scrutinizing the attributes of spatial data.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: 'n Groot bron van kommer vir Energex, Australië se grootste energieverskaffer in Suidoos- Queensland, is die verlies van natuurlike gas uit hul gasdistribusie netwerke. In 'n groot deel van ouer Brisbane opereer hierdie netwerke hoofsaaklik teen lae en medium druk, met 'n aansienlike persentasie van hoofpyplyne wat uit gietyster of staal bestaan. Al is sommige pyplyne in hierdie netwerke met verloop van tyd vervang, maak verslae dit duidelik dat 'n groot deel van die gas in hierdie netwerke steeds langs die pad verlore gaan. Die operasionele - en onderhoudsbegrotings vir hierdie netwerke is boonop hoog, met 'n groot persentasie van die pyplyne wat binnekort aan die einde van hulle ekonomiese leeftyd kom. Wanneer operasionele- en onderhoudsonkostes die koste van vervanging oorskry, beplan Energex se gasvoorsienings-afdeling projekte om verspreidingsnetwerke te hernu met poli-etileen pype. Om sinvolle besluite te neem tydens pyplynhernuwings, word verskeie historiese verslae geraadpleeg, insluitend: gasverbruikvlakke, lekplek geskiedenis rekords, onderhoud- en ander verwante onkostes, asook die verlies van inkomste weens verlore gas. Alhoewel finansiële stawing van kapitale uitgawes nog altyd 'n voorvereiste was tydens hernuwingsprojekte by Energex, het die impak van privatisering op die energieverskaffingsmark dit noodsaaklik gemaak om hulle finansiële goedkeuringsproses vir kapitaalprojekte te hersien. Energex het dus 'n sagteware toepassing ontwikkel wat die finansiële gangbaarheid van hernuwingsprojekte evalueer. Hierdie navorsing sal die moontlike integrasie van geografiese inligtingstelsels (GIS) met dié van Energex se finansiële evalueringspakket demonstreer. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat die integrasie van GIS in die hernuwingsproses aansienlike voordele inhou, insluitende: • die effektiewe seleksie van sub-netwerke, gebaseer op pyp konnektiwiteit, • die ontdekking van verskuilde verwantskappe tussen geografies-ruimtelike alfanumeriese data en omgewingsinligting, wat besluitneming vergemaklik, en • verbeterde toetsing van voorgestelde hernuwingsopsies deur die indiepte-nagaan van geografiesruimtelike elemente.
MONTÓRIO, JÚNIOR Italo Alves. "Alteração da composição da Matriz Elétrica a fim de mitigar a emissão de gases de efeito estufa". Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2018. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/jspui/handle/jspui/1111.
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Humanity goes through a period of great transformations. Anthropic activity, mainly in recent years, has been substantially modified the terrestrial environment. Practices which damage the Earth system, such as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, can compromise the terrestrial life. The utilization of non-renewable sources has promoted a significant increase in air pollutant emissions. It supposes that the population, now estimated at more than seven billion, is expected to reach around 10 billion people by 2050 and the global economy to triple in this period, conditions that will lead to large increases in global demand for energy. Due to this continuous and progressive increase in energy consumption, it will be necessary to generate more electricity. Therefore, there is a need of an intense analysis of the anthropic practiced activities. The hypothesis of this work is presented as the alteration of the Electric Matrix composition in order to mitigate the Greenhouse Gas emission. The present work has as objectives to study the projection of GHG emission in the Brazilian Electrical Matrix by the year 2050 using the "Calculadora Brasil 2050" application, to perform a case study of the alteration in the Electric Matrix composition of energy consumed by Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Presidente Epitácio Campus, through a photovoltaic micro power plant and the an energy efficiency program, and finally, to study the global Electrical Matrix composition and its implications on environmental issues through qualitative and quantitative documentary research of applied nature. The Brazilian Electrical Matrix is expected to have an increment in the use of photovoltaic solar energy and in energy efficiency to maintain GHG emissions in the year of 2050 at the same current levels. There was an 8.30% reduction in the consumption of the Electrical Energy (EE) acquired from the distribution network with the installation of the photovoltaic micro power plant, and it occurred a reduction of 51% in the EE consumption for lighting with the implemented energy efficiency program. The institution stopped using 1,386.78 KWh per month from non-renewable sources, which is equivalent to a reduction of 31.8%, proving the alteration in the Electric Matrix consumed by the campus. In the world, countries have a distinct relation between the use of renewable and non-renewable sources for EE generation, implicating in a possibility of classification of these countries in relation to environmental issues by the Environmental Contribution Rate (ECR). The Environmental Balance Time (EBaT) of photovoltaic panels is related to the ECR and the Energy Pay Back Time (EPBT) of the system.
A humanidade passa por um período de grandes transformações. A atividade antrópica, principalmente nos últimos anos, tem modificado substancialmente o ambiente terrestre. Práticas que lesionam o sistema do planeta Terra, como as emissões de gases de efeito estufa, podem comprometer a vida terrestre. A utilização de fontes não renováveis promoveu um acréscimo significativo nas emissões de poluentes atmosféricos. Supõe-se que a população, hoje estimada em mais de sete bilhões, chegue ao redor de dez bilhões de indivíduos em 2050 e que a economia global triplique neste período, condições que levarão a grandes aumentos na demanda global por energia. Devido a este aumento contínuo e progressivo do consumo de energia, será necessário gerar mais eletricidade. Portanto, há a necessidade de uma profunda análise das atividades antrópicas praticadas. A hipótese deste trabalho apresenta-se como a alteração da composição da Matriz Elétrica a fim de mitigar a emissão de gases de efeito estufa. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos estudar a projeção da emissão de GEE na Matriz Elétrica brasileira até o ano de 2050 utilizando o aplicativo “Calculadora Brasil 2050”, realizar um estudo de caso da alteração da composição da Matriz Elétrica da energia consumida pelo Instituto Federal de São Paulo Câmpus Presidente Epitácio por meio de uma micro usina fotovoltaica e de um programa de eficiência energética e, finalmente, estudar a composição da Matriz Elétrica mundial e suas implicações nas questões ambientais por meio de uma pesquisa documental quali quantitativa e de natureza aplicada. A Matriz Elétrica brasileira deverá ter um incremento na utilização da energia solar fotovoltaica e em eficiência energética para manter as emissões de GEE no ano de 2050 nos mesmos níveis atuais. Com a instalação da micro usina fotovoltaica ocorreu uma redução 8,30% no consumo de Energia Elétrica (EE) adquirida da rede de distribuição e com o programa de eficiência energética implantado, ocorreu uma redução de 51% do consumo de EE para a iluminação. A instituição deixou de utilizar, mensalmente, 1.386,78 KWh provenientes de fontes não renováveis, o que equivale a uma redução de 31,8%, comprovando a alteração da Matriz Elétrica consumida pelo câmpus. No mundo, os países possuem uma relação distinta entre a utilização de fontes renováveis e não renováveis para a geração de EE, implicando em uma possibilidade de classificação destes países em relação às questões ambientais pela “Environmental Contribution Tax” (ECR). O “Environmental Balance Time” (EBaT) dos painéis fotovoltaicos está relacionado com o ECR e com o “Energy Pay Back Time” (EPBT) do sistema.
Sasser, Shawn. "The Design and Testing of a Novel Batch Photocatalytic Reactor and Photocatalyst". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6381.
Texto completoTang, Wing-keung. "Redevelopment of potentially hazardous installations : a case study of the Hong Kong and China gas works at Ma Tau Kok /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13814199.
Texto completoBisoto, Tatiana. "Preparação e caracterização de membranas cerâmicas compostas tubulares para aplicação na separação de gases". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2014. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/899.
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Within this context, this work aims to prepare membranes composed of α-alumina coated with palladium using the electroless plating technique associated with the sol-gel method. To achieve the objectives of the paper, analyzes of porosity of the ceramic support with and without heat treatment of 1450°C for 6; 12; 18; 24 and 30 h, the formation of one, two and three layers of palladium on the external surface of the ceramic support, the effect of the sol-gel method, the chemical and physical properties, permeability and selectivity of the gases were performed. Morphological analysis were performed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), the membrane porosity was evaluated by the Brunauer, Emmet and Teller (BET) theory, Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method and by mercury porosimetry, the palladium quantification in solution was given by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS) analysis and gas permeability and selectivity were measured by a bench scale equipment. The time increase during the sinterization did not promote representing changes in the support porosity, which shows that the 6 h time of heat treatment is sufficient to achieve the lowest porosity of the material. The palladium layer formation was realized without and with the combination of the sol-gel method, presenting a more homogeneous layer with the use of the method. However, the ICP-MS analysis indicated a greater amount of palladium deposition without sol-gel method. The morphological analysis showed smaller empty spaces according to the number of layers formed. The ceramic support without and with palladium layer showed variation in permeability to N2, CH4 and CO2 gases at pressures of 100 to 400 kPa and the higher the palladium layer formed, the smaller the gas permeability
Er-Rbib, Hanaâ. "Conception et simulation du fonctionnement d’une unité de stockage/déstockage d’électricité renouvelable sur méthane de synthèse au moyen d’un co-électrolyseur à haute température réversible : Approches stationnaire et dynamique". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0044/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to design, evaluate the energetic performance and study the transient behavior during heating and startup operations of a reversible process Power To Gas process which is a solution for the integration of renewable electricity in the energy mix. Steady state models are first established in Aspen plus. Assessment of energetic performance shows that 66.7% of the electrical energy is stored as a Synthetic Natural Gas and the losses are caused mainly by the converting steps: the AC/DC, co-electrolysis and methanation conversions. Electricity production (Gas to Power) is performed by reversing the RSOC in SOFC mode fueled by synthesis gas (CO and H2) produced in a tri-reformer. This process is energetically autonomous and produces untapped heat which causes its 40% low efficiency. A study of the transient response during heat-up and start-up operations is conducted through the development of dynamic models of reversible co- electrolyzer, reactors and heat exchangers by using Matlab and Dymola softwares. The results allow to specify the energetic penalty and to review the architecture of predefined process in steady state. Several strategies have been studied to optimize the time and the energy consumption. It turned out that the RSOC is the slowest component (60% of total time) with the most energetic consumption (71% of total energy) because of the amount of gas used in heat-up operation and the significant time that must be respected in order to ensure an increase in temperature that prevents the cells deterioration
Lanjouw, Jean Olson. "The private value of patent rights : a dynamic programming and game theoretic analysis of West German patent renewal data, 1953-1988". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527825.
Texto completoPosen, I. Daniel. "Fuel, Feedstock, or Neither? – Evaluating Tradeoffs in the use of Biomass for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2016. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/712.
Texto completoFilho, Francisco do Espirito Santo. "Estimativa do aproveitamento energético do biogás gerado por resíduos sólidos urbanos no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-16022014-170905/.
Texto completoThis dissertation aims to estimate the potential for energy recovery from landfill gas through municipal solid waste (MSW) in Brazil. The survey was carried out in all 5,565 municipalities in Brazil. The used method to estimate the generation of landfill gas was the IPCC 2000 (First Order Decay - FOD) because it takes into account several parameters, such as: the type of organic matter, the waste moisture content, degree of compaction and temperature inside the landfill. Additionally, this method is the most widespread in the world and it is the same method used in greenhouse gases inventories in Brazil, thus allowing comparisons between these studies. In the method, data from national census of 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000, 2010 was used in order to accurately represent the population growth and allows estimating the amount of solid waste generated in every year. The study analyzed three different scenarios representing different trends in the solid waste management in Brazil (reference, optimistic and pessimistic scenarios). The electrical potential of landfill gas in Brazil (in the reference scenario) in 2013 is 983 MW, representing 1.6% of the current installed capacity and for 2020, the electrical potential is 1,602 MW. Concluding this study, a financial and sensitivity analysis as carried out on three different projects to evaluate the feasibility of each project.
Topcuoglu, Ahmet. "Design and Testing of a Reciprocating Wind Harvester". Scholar Commons, 2019. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7971.
Texto completoSilva, Cinthia Rubio Urbano da 1982. "Balanço de energia e das emissões de gases de efeito estufa da cadeia produtiva do etanol brasileiro". [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263795.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: A busca por combustíveis que substituam fontes fósseis tem incentivado a produção de biocombustíveis, especialmente para o setor de transporte. O objetivo deste trabalho é fazer os balanços de energia e das emissões de gases de efeito estufa do etanol derivado da cana de açúcar produzido no Brasil. Na dissertação, foram também avaliadas as emissões de gases de efeito estufa associadas à mudança do uso do solo devido à expansão de áreas cultivadas com cana (impacto direto), bem como os fatores relacionados à distribuição do etanol para uso no Brasil e na Europa. Um cenário de uso do etanol em substituição ao biodiesel (B3) nas etapas de transporte da cana e distribuição do etanol é igualmente analisado. Os balanços abrangem as etapas de produção da cana de açúcar, transporte até as usinas, produção, distribuição e uso final do etanol anidro. A análise é realizada separadamente para cada estado brasileiro da região Centro-Sul que tem significativa produção de etanol (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Paraná). A base de dados, obtida na literatura, reflete as condições de produção no Brasil no período de 2005 a 2007. Os resultados apontam balanços favoráveis para o etanol quando usado no Brasil. Para a produção no Brasil e uso na Europa, os balanços resultaram menos favoráveis. Quando o uso do etanol passa a ser feito em substituição ao B3, os balanços são significativamente mais positivos. Os resultados levam à conclusão de que melhores balanços de energia e das emissões de gases de efeito estufa dependem basicamente do modal de transporte para distribuição do etanol, práticas agrícolas adotadas (plantio direto ou convencional) tanto para produção da cana quanto da biomassa que foi substituída, método para cálculo das emissões de óxido nitroso associadas à aplicação de fertilizantes nitrogenados, além das produtividades agrícolas e industriais.
Abstract: The search for fuels that replace fossil resources have stimulated biofuel production, especially for the transportation sector. The goal of this work is to do balances of energy and of greenhouse gas emission of ethanol from sugar cane produced in Brazil. In this dissertation, greenhouse gas emission associate to land use change due to expansion of areas cultivated with sugar cane (direct impact), as well as how the factors related to distribution of ethanol for use in Brazil and for use in Europe, were also evaluated. Scenery of ethanol use in replace to biodi esel(B3) in the transportation of sugar cane and distribution of ethanol stages is equally ana lyzed.The balances embrace the stages of the sugar cane production, transportation until the mill, production, distribution and end use of the anhydrous ethanol. The analysis is done separately for each Brazilian State of the Centre-South region that has great ethanol production (Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Paraná). The data base, achieved in literature, reflects the conditions Brazilians of production in the period from 2005 to 2007. The results show favorable balances for the ethanol when it is used in Brazil. In the case of production in Brazil and consumption in Europe, the balances resulted less favorable. When the ethanol use starts to be done in replace to B3, the balances are remarkably more positive. The results lead to the conclusion that better energy and greenhouse emission balance depend basically on: i) the means of transportation to distribute the ethanol; ii) agricultural management adopted (direct or conventional planting) as for sugar cane production as for biomass production that was replaced; iii) the method to calculate the nitrous oxide emission from application of fertilizer with nitrogen, besides agricultural and industrial productions.
Mestrado
Planejamento de Sistemas Energeticos
Mestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energéticos
PARIS, ALEXANDRE G. "Redução das emissões de gases de efeito estufa listados no protocolo de Quioto pelo aproveitamento do gás gerado em aterros sanitários utilizando células a combustível de óxido sólido: estudo de caso do aterro municipal de Santo Andre-SP-Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2007. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11582.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
Rezaie, Behnaz. "Analysis of alternative energy options for buildings". Thesis, UOIT, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10155/40.
Texto completoXavier, Beatriz Helene [UNESP]. "Aspectos termodinâmicos, ecológicos e econômicos de sistemas de cogeração com motores de combustão interna operando com gás natural, biogás e gás de síntese". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144327.
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Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP)
A preocupação com o meio ambiente e com a qualidade do ar têm sido crescente e objeto de diversos estudos. Quanto maior a densidade populacional, maior a necessidade de consumo de energia e consequentemente, maiores os índices de emissões de poluentes. Neste sentido, é essencial a procura por novas fontes e sistemas mais eficientes de geração de energia, a fim de reduzir os níveis de poluição, diminuir o efeito estufa sobre o planeta, e, principalmente, reduzir a dependência de petróleo na matriz energética mundial. Partindo deste conceito e considerando aspectos técnicos, econômicos e ecológicos, neste trabalho analisam-se três casos de cogeração utilizando motores de combustão interna (MCI) operando com gás natural em comparação com biogás e gás de síntese (syngas), ambos provenientes da biomassa. São aplicadas metodologias de pesquisadores renomados, com o objetivo de determinar a eficiência de geração de eletricidade, a eficiência de geração de calor e a eficiência global dos sistemas, e ainda como parte da análise técnica, determinam-se índices de correlação entre a produção térmica e a potência elétrica dos motores, tornando previsível a capacidade de produção de água quente, vapor e água gelada, dependendo da capacidade elétrica do motor a ser utilizado na implantação de sistemas de cogeração. São determinados os custos de geração de eletricidade e calor, período de retorno dos investimentos e posteriormente são estudadas as emissões de CO2, NOx, SOx, MP e o CO2 equivalente para a determinação do indicador de poluição e da eficiência ecológica dos sistemas de cogeração considerados nesta dissertação. Conclui-se com o estudo realizado que os biocombustíveis são uma importante fonte energética que vem ganhando espaço dia a dia. Na análise ambiental, o gás natural perdeu em eficiência ecológica tanto para o biogás como para o gás de síntese, e a análise energética comprovou que não há grandes perdas na utilização de biocombustíveis em substituição ao gás natural. No aspecto econômico, o biogás demonstrou-se como o mais rentável frente aos combustíveis estudados, apresentando rapidez no retorno dos investimentos e baixo custo de produção elétrica e térmica.
The concern with the environment and air quality has increased and subjected to several studies. The higher the population density, the greater the need for energy consumption and therefore higher pollutant emission rates. In this regard, the search for new sources and more efficient systems for power generation is essential in order to reduce pollution levels and the greenhouse effect on the planet, and, most importantly, reduce dependence on oil in the global energy matrix. Based on this concept and considering the technical, economic and ecological aspects, this paper analyzes three cases of cogeneration using internal combustion engines (ICEs) operating with natural gas in comparison with biogas and synthesis gas (syngas), both stemming from biomass. Methodologies from renowned researchers are applied, with the aim of determining the efficiency of electricity generation, heat generation efficiency and the overall efficiency of the systems; furthermore, as part of the technical analysis, we determine correlation coefficients between the thermal production and the power capacity of the engine, making it possible to predict hot, steam and cold water production capacities, depending on the engine power capacity used in the implementation of the cogeneration system. We determine the costs of generating electricity and heat, the payback period and then CO2, NOx, SOx, MP and equivalent CO2 emissions are studied in order to determine the pollution indicator and ecological efficiency of cogeneration systems considered in this thesis. From this study we conclude that the biofuels are an important energy source which is becoming increasingly popular. In the environmental analysis, the natural gas was less ecologically efficient than both the biogas and the syngas, and the technical analysis showed that there are not great losses when using biofuels in place of the natural gas. In the economic analysis, the biogas was the most feasible in comparison with the natural gas and the syngas, with a short payback period and low power and thermal production costs.
PRH/ANP: 2010.4698-0
Grisoli, Renata Patricia Soares. "Comparação das emissões de gases de efeito estufa no ciclo de vida do etanol de cana-de-açúcar e os critérios da diretiva européia para energias renováveis". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-10082011-152907/.
Texto completoThe search for renewable energy to be used in the transportation sector emphasized the role of biofuels as an alternative to fossil fuels. However, concerns about the sustainability in the production of alternative sources stimulated several initiatives aiming to reduce environmental impacts and ensure the benefits of biofuels, mainly related to the reduction of greenhouse gases emission (GHGs). In order to address such question, countries such as United States and European Union members have designed specific legislation establishing social and environmental criteria for domestic production and imports of biofuels. The main methodology adopted in these laws and used to characterize the biofuels chain is the Life Cycle Assessment. Thus, this study aimed to compare the results on GHG emission of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) in the lifecycle of sugar cane ethanol to most relevant studies developed within the country in order to verify differences between them. From the analysis, it was concluded that there were differences, mainly related to the agricultural phase, but they were specific, and balanced between the processes; resulting, in most cases, in quite similar final GHG emissions. In this work, it were also indicated the uncertainties in sugar cane ethanol LCA studies, mainly associated to emissions due the use of nitrogen fertilizer and indirect land use change. Furthermore, based on the contributions of Brazilian organizations in establishing guidelines for the acceptance of ethanol as an important fuel to GHG emissions reduction, this study showed the relevance of discussing international standards of sustainability, considered another protectionist barrier to biofuels trade.
Van, Oss Eric J. "Sustaining Rural Economies with Wind Development". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/56.
Texto completoJaini, Rajiv. "Mass-transfer correlations for the dual bed colloidal suspension reactor". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/50210.
Texto completoChaves, Luiz Inácio. "Microgeração de energia elétrica com gás de síntese de um gaseificador concorrente utilizando Itaúba mazilaurus". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/834.
Texto completoThe use of biomass as energy source is one of the most promising, because it contributes to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and allow the decentralized energy generation. Gasification is a technology of processing biomass energy into a gaseous biofuel of low calorific value. The gas can be used in Otto cycle engine for power generation in isolated communities. This study evaluated the capacity of the gasification gas in a fixed bed gasifier downtraft of two stages, the wood consumption, the efficiency of the gasifier and the gas consumption and efficiency in apower-generator Otto cycle. The gasifier use was a TERMOQUIP brand, model CD 40. The evaluated power-generator was a BRANCO brand, direct injection and power of 13 cv coupled to an electric generator of 5.5 cv. The gasification gas was injected into the engine mixed with the intake air. The generator was subjected to loads ranging from 0.5 kW to 2.5 kW, with the aid of a bank of electrical resistances. The production of gas from the gasifier and gas consumption by the motor were measured by means of a gasometer. The average gas production resulting from the gasification of wood presented during testing was 14.28 m³ hˉ ¹. Wood consumption averaged 5.61 kg hˉ ¹. The average yield of gas per unit weight was approximately 2.55 m3kgˉ ¹. The gasification efficiency averaged 57.2%. When fed with synthesis gas, the output voltage of the generator was kept within the standards established by Companhia Paranaense de Energia (Copel, 2008), varying only between 221 and 223 V. For tests with the power-generator the best condition occurred for the highest load, 2.5 kW, where the gas consumption was about 10.6 m³ hˉ ¹ and specific fuel consumption of 4.8 m³ kWhˉ¹. For this condition, the average specific fuel consumption of equivalent wood was 1.9 kg kWh ˉ ¹ and the overall efficiency of power-generator was about 16.6%.
O uso da biomassa como fonte de energia é uma das formas mais promissoras, pois contribui para a redução das emissões de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera e possibilita a geração descentralizada de energia. A gaseificação é uma tecnologia de transformação energética da biomassa num biocombustível gasoso de baixo poder calorífico. O gás pode ser utilizado em motor ciclo Otto para geração de energia elétrica em comunidades isoladas. Este trabalho avaliou a capacidade de produção de gás de gaseificação em um gaseificador concorrente de leito fixo de dois estágios, o consumo de madeira, a eficiência do gaseificador, a eficiência e o consumo de gás num motor-gerador ciclo Otto. O gaseificador utilizado foi da marca TERMOQUIP, modelo CD 40. O motor-gerador avaliado foi da marca BRANCO, com injeção direta e potência de 13 cv acoplado a um gerador elétrico de 5,5 cv. O gás de gaseificação foi injetado no motor misturado com o ar de admissão. O gerador foi submetido a cargas que variaram entre 0,5 kW e 2,5 kW, com o auxílio de um banco de resistências elétricas. A produção de gás do gaseificador e o consumo de gás pelo motor foram medidos por meio de um gasômetro. A produção de gás média resultante da gaseificação de madeira apresentada durante os testes foi de 14,28 m³ hˉ¹. O consumo de madeira apresentou uma média de 5,61 kg hˉ¹. A média de rendimento de gás por unidade de massa foi de aproximadamente 2,55 m3 kgˉ¹. A eficiência de gaseificação média foi de 57,2 %.Quando alimentado com gás de síntese, a tensão de saída do gerador se manteve dentro dos padrões estabelecidos pela Companhia Paranaense de Energia (COPEL, 2008), variando somente entre 221 e 223 V. Em relação aos testes com o motor-gerador, a melhor condição ocorreu para a maior carga, 2,5 kW, onde o consumo de gás foi cerca de 10,6 m³ hˉ¹ e o consumo específico de combustível de 4,8 m³ kWhˉ¹. Para essa condição, a média de consumo específico equivalente de madeira foi de 1,9 kg kWhˉ¹e a eficiência global do motor-gerador foi de 16,6 %.
Mihailovic, Nemanja. "A Cost Benefit Analysis of Using a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) Represented by a Unit Commitment Model". Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7548.
Texto completoDe, Saint Jean Myriam. "Étude énergétique et évaluation économique d'une boucle de stockage - déstockage d'énergie électrique d'origine renouvelable sur méthane de synthèse à l'aide d'un convertisseur électrochimique réversible SOEC - SOFC". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0051/document.
Texto completoThe present work focuses on a Power-to-SNG process, especially on its energy efficiency and its economic competitiveness in the current context. It also aims at determining if the reversibility with a Gas-to-Power working mode is interesting from energy and financial considerations. The main steps required into a Power-to-SNG process, identified thanks to a review of the state of the art, are steam electrolysis for hydrogen production, followed by methane production thanks to the Sabatier reaction and a final step of gas purification to meet the composition requirements for gas network injection. Here, electrolysis is led into solid oxide cells. Power-to-SNG process simulations, led with ProsimPlus 3, indicate that the thermal coupling between methanation and the generation of steam to feed the electrolyzer is pertinent, the process energy efficiency achieving 75.8%. Concerning the Gas-to-Power process, its solid oxide fuel cell is pressurized to use additional thermodynamic cycles. The fuel cell is fed with pure hydrogen stream due to reversibility considerations, this limiting the energy efficiency, which highest value here is evaluated at 44.6%. The economic analysis includes experimental based data concerning electrochemical performances and degradation. They are obtained on a commercial cell tested at the thermoneutral voltage with a high steam conversion rate, these conditions being close to what can be expected for industrial process. They are used to calculate the levelized cost of the SNG produced by the Power-to-SNG process and the levelized cost of electricity produced by the reverse process. Investment and operating cost of these processes are important, leading to a high levelized cost of electricity. In the conditions of this study, adding the Gas-to-Power working mode to a Power-to-SNG process is not economically pertinent
Wittmann, Douglas. "A indústria de energia elétrica no Brasil e o desenvolvimento sustentável: uma proposta para o horizonte 2050 à luz da teoria de sistemas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106131/tde-19052015-082550/.
Texto completoThere is an aggravated prospect in the Brazilian electric energy industry, due to a shortage of affluent energy in the hydric production, requiring a greater thermal use. For the future, the insertion of hydroelectric power plants predominantly without reservoirs will make this need even more evident. Due to the thermal structuring, there will be more emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and consumption of fossil resources per unit of electric energy produced. This study aims to test the possibility of building a future setting, elected 2050, of electric energy supply in the country, beaconed on the acceleration of the use of renewable sources, premise postulated in alignment with the pursuit of sustainable development for the country. The research, analysis and synthesis is adopted, with a systemic approach, and applying the indicators elected as paramount to reach the goal. Data and information from different types of documents produced by international and national authors and organizations as well as governmental plans of expansion of electric energy production were systematized. From the theoretical and methodological framework adopted, the results obtained have shown that it is possible to establish a long term plan, based on the use of the available resources, with decreased social and environmental pressure, fossil consumption, and emission of GHGs per unity of energy produced. A greater participation of renewable sources is achieved, while the participation of hydric sources, the emissions of GHGs and consumption of oil-fuels are reduced. There is no increase in the production costs. The result is a decentralized, hybrid system with larger expansion of renewable thermal, wind and solar sources, larger participation of independent production co-generation, auto-generation and distributed generation and a diminished load on the transmission network, compared to the current scenario.
Ngwenya, Mpendulo Hilary Farai. "Sustainability use of information and communication technologies: a case study of an asset management company". University of Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3935.
Texto completoThe problem of global warming has triggered a number of environmental initiatives aimed at mitigating climate change, many of which are driven at governmental level - although private organisations have also taken the initiative. The organisation under study - hereafter referred to as “Company-A” - is one such organisation which has taken strides in incorporating environmental initiatives in its business processes. Company-A is a South African based asset management organisation which has seen rapid growth in its business operations and consequently the number of its employees. This growth has necessitated the need for a new office building. At the commencement of this study the organisation was in the process of planning for a new office building to accommodate its growth. The senior management of Company-A recognised the importance of implementing environmentally friendly practices at the new office building, and sought the services of a sustainability consultancy firm to assist in the planning for the new office building. This study was necessitated by the fact that despite the company’s recognition of the importance and need to implement environmentally friendly processes within its business processes, there was a lack of understanding or appreciation of how ICT could be used in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner in its new office building. With this problem in mind - the researcher - in consultation with the organisations’ new office building project manager and research supervisor, formulated a research question which was continuously refined until such a point that it was clear. It was envisaged that a research study to answer the research question: How can Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) be used to support environmental sustainability in an organisation? - would provide insight on how the organisation’s top management could deal with the aforementioned problem. The primary purpose of the study was to assist Company-A management in making informed decisions regarding sustainability ICT use, the research can also be used as a foundation in the formulation of the organisation’s “green” ICT strategies and policies. The main research question was divided into smaller sub questions to give structure, clarity and direction in addressing the main research question. These sub questions were in turn used to formulate the research objectives which set the goals and boundaries of this study.
Hansen, Elizabeth R. "Reforestation, Renewal, and the Cost of Coal: Opposing a Manichean Worldview in Central Appalachia". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/132.
Texto completoÁvila, Márcio Turra de. "Estudo de motor de combustão interna, do Ciclo Otto, movido a etanol previamente vaporizado". Universidade de São Paulo, 1994. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18135/tde-09102015-153544/.
Texto completoThe ethanol (ethyl alcohol) has been studied more and more as alternative fuel to replace some petroleum derivatives for internal combustion engines. The attached study examines the application of vaporized ethanol for Otto cycle engines, searching for better levels of total thermal efficiency. Therefore, an engine for test of octane number (CFR motor) was equipped with an alcohol vaporizer installed inside the escape pipe, and after many experiences, several analysis were made. The various analysis included aspects as thermal efficiency, air/fuel ratio, advance ignition, escape temperature, power and volumetric efficiency, always considering their influence on the operation of the engine. It was confirmed that the engine moved by vaporized ethanol presents higher thermal efficiency, smaller fuel consumption and smoother working than in case of alimentation by liquid alcohol.
Jeromenok, Jekaterina. "Polymers from the natural product betulin : a microstructural investigation". Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/6138/.
Texto completoDas Bestreben, ölbasierte Produkte durch nachwachsende Rohstoffe zu ersetzen, hat dazu geführt, dass in immer größerer Zahl günstige, reichlich vorhandene Naturstoffe als Ausgangsstoffe für chemische Synthesen untersucht werden. In dieser Arbeit werden Polymere auf Basis von Betulin, einem aus Birkenrinde extrahierten Naturstoff, vorgestellt. Betulin ist zu 30 Gewichtsprozent in Birkenrinde enthalten. Da Betulin ein Nebenprodukt der Holzindustrie ist, ist es kostengünstig und sein Einsatz als Ausgangsstoff äußerst lukrativ. Die ersten Berichte über Betulin-basierte Polymere sind in den 1980er Jahren in Russland und Finnland erschienen, in den Ländern mit großen natürlichen Vorkommen an Birken. Betulin wurde in dieser Arbeit verwendet, um sogenannte mikroporöse Polymere herzustellen. Dies sind Stoffe mit Poren von molekularer Dimension. Mikroporöse Materialien sind wegen ihrer potentiellen Anwendung als Katalysatorträger und Gasseparationsmembranen hochinteressant. Die Klasse mikroporöser Polymere wurde durch die Synthese von unlöslichen Betulin-basierten Polyesternetzwerken erweitert. Außerdem gelang es, lösliche Polyester in Form dünner Filme herzustellen. Diese zeigten vielversprechende Ergebnisse in der Trennung von Stickstoff und Kohlendioxid und weisen somit Potential für die Nutzung als Membran auf. Dies könnte z. B. für Kohlendioxid-Reduzierung in Postcombustion-Verfahren interessant sein. Überdies wurde gezeigt, dass Stickstoffadsorption bei 77 K nicht ohne weiteres als Standardmethode für die Analyse von mikroporösen Materialien geeignet ist und dass die mikroporösen Materialien ferner durch Stickstoffadsorption bei 87 K und andere Gassorptionsmethoden bei verschiedenen Temperaturen zu charakterisieren sind. Diese Arbeit trägt zum besseren Verständnis mikroporöser Polymere bei.
Proser, Noah. "Energy Storage: Technology for a More Efficient Grid". Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/264.
Texto completoKezibri, Nouaamane. "Etude dynamique du procédé de production de méthane à partir d’hydrogène électrolytique basse température". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM056/document.
Texto completoThe present work deals with the conceptual study and process design of a storage and recovery unit for renewable energy. The suggested concept is able to absorb the intermittency of the electrical production as a result of the flexibility of the chosen processes. During the storage phase, the unit uses a Proton Exchange Membrane electrolysis system to produce 200 MW of hydrogen, which will then be combined to carbon dioxide in a series of methanation reactors to generate up to 155 MW of Substitute Natural Gas. The recovery phase is carried out in a 480 MW oxy-combustion cycle which is not only able to restore the electrical energy but also provides the required carbon dioxide for the methanation process. The conducted steady state evaluation as well as the sensitivity analysis for the studied plant showed that the overall efficiency on HHV basis can reach up to 69.3% for the electrolysis process, 82.2% for the methanation process and 51.8% for the oxy-combustion cycle. The follow-up unsteady state analysis of the Power-to-Gas process aimed to identify the necessary control strategies adapted to operating conditions variation over time. Such strategies should enable the system to cover a wider load range and subsequently absorb more electrical power. It was found that, by making the right adjustments, the production of synthetic methane can be fulfilled at ranges between 48% and 100% of the nominal power without any external energy requirement. A case study was carried out where the unit was coupled with a 300 MW wind to assess the performance of the Power-to-Gas process under fluctuating electrical source conditions
Arias, Quintero Sergio. "Thermal Stability Characteristics of Fisher-Tropsch and Hydroprocessed Alternative Aviation Fuels in a Fixed Bed Reactor". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5117.
Texto completoM.S.A.E.
Masters
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Aerospace Engineering; Thermofluid Aerodynamic Systems
Guan, Tingting. "Biomass-fuelled PEM FuelCell systems for small andmedium-sized enterprises". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-176633.
Texto completoQC 20151109
Alhaider, Mohemmed Masooud. "Optimal Demand Response Models with Energy Storage Systems in Smart Grids". Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6451.
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