Tesis sobre el tema "Rendement de fluorescence"
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Larroque, Claire. "Qualité et productivité du mai͏̈s fourrage : lignification et facteurs physiologiques du rendement". Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT004A.
Texto completoRhoul, Camill. "Simulation de la fluorescence de la végétation mesurée depuis une orbite géostationnaire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX097/document.
Texto completoLe travail de cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la télédétection de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne avec un instrument imageur passif depuis une orbite géostationnaire pour le suivi de l’état physiologique de la végétation. Le concept instrumental est étudié théoriquement pour aboutir à la création d’uninstrument et à sa validation. La possibilité de mesurer des cycles diurnes de la fluorescence végétale depuis une orbite géostationnaire est évaluée à l’aide de simulations qui permettent de dresser les spécifications d’un instrument spatial.L’instrument imageur passif mesure dans la bande O 2 -A d’absorption atmosphérique. Il utilise une roue à filtres interférentiels dont la fonction de transmittance varie avec l’angle d’incidence des rayons les traversant. L’étude théorique a permis d’optimiser le placement spectral des filtres en vuede minimiser l’incertitude liée à la mesure de fluorescence.Grâce à la comparaison des mesures de l’instrument imageur avec d’autres instrument de mesure de la fluorescence, l’instrument et son concept instrumental ont été validés. Néanmoins, à cause d’effets de structure de la végétation intervenant sur le transfert radiatif de la fluorescence et de la lumière solaire au sein du couvert végétal, ces mesures ont confirmé la difficulté d’estimer le rendement de fluorescence de la végétation à partir des flux de fluorescence mesurés.Une étude théorique menée grâce à une modélisation du transfert radiatif de la fluorescence dans le couvert végétal jusqu’au capteur a permis d’expliquer la difficulté à retrouver le rendement de fluorescence à partir des flux. Cette étude a mis en avant l’accessibilité du rendement pour des couverts à fortedensité de feuilles et lorsque la distribution de l’orientation des feuilles est centrée sur l’horizontale.Cette modélisation a été étendue pour simuler des mesures spatiales dans le but d’étudier la possibilité de mesurer la fluorescence depuis une orbite géostationnaire dans les bandes O 2 -A et O 2 -B. Les résultats de ces simulations montrent la possibilité de mesurer préférentiellement dans la bandeO 2 -A avec une faible incertitude sur les flux de fluorescence et une bonne répétabilité temporelle pour le suivi des cycles diurnes de la fluorescence de la végétation
Rhoul, Camill. "Simulation de la fluorescence de la végétation mesurée depuis une orbite géostationnaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX097.
Texto completoLe travail de cette thèse porte sur l’étude de la télédétection de la fluorescence chlorophyllienne avec un instrument imageur passif depuis une orbite géostationnaire pour le suivi de l’état physiologique de la végétation. Le concept instrumental est étudié théoriquement pour aboutir à la création d’uninstrument et à sa validation. La possibilité de mesurer des cycles diurnes de la fluorescence végétale depuis une orbite géostationnaire est évaluée à l’aide de simulations qui permettent de dresser les spécifications d’un instrument spatial.L’instrument imageur passif mesure dans la bande O 2 -A d’absorption atmosphérique. Il utilise une roue à filtres interférentiels dont la fonction de transmittance varie avec l’angle d’incidence des rayons les traversant. L’étude théorique a permis d’optimiser le placement spectral des filtres en vuede minimiser l’incertitude liée à la mesure de fluorescence.Grâce à la comparaison des mesures de l’instrument imageur avec d’autres instrument de mesure de la fluorescence, l’instrument et son concept instrumental ont été validés. Néanmoins, à cause d’effets de structure de la végétation intervenant sur le transfert radiatif de la fluorescence et de la lumière solaire au sein du couvert végétal, ces mesures ont confirmé la difficulté d’estimer le rendement de fluorescence de la végétation à partir des flux de fluorescence mesurés.Une étude théorique menée grâce à une modélisation du transfert radiatif de la fluorescence dans le couvert végétal jusqu’au capteur a permis d’expliquer la difficulté à retrouver le rendement de fluorescence à partir des flux. Cette étude a mis en avant l’accessibilité du rendement pour des couverts à fortedensité de feuilles et lorsque la distribution de l’orientation des feuilles est centrée sur l’horizontale.Cette modélisation a été étendue pour simuler des mesures spatiales dans le but d’étudier la possibilité de mesurer la fluorescence depuis une orbite géostationnaire dans les bandes O 2 -A et O 2 -B. Les résultats de ces simulations montrent la possibilité de mesurer préférentiellement dans la bandeO 2 -A avec une faible incertitude sur les flux de fluorescence et une bonne répétabilité temporelle pour le suivi des cycles diurnes de la fluorescence de la végétation
Loayza, Loza Hildo. "Suivi expérimental du rendement de fluorescence des couverts végétaux par des techniques actives et passives. Application à la détection du stress hydrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS465.
Texto completoThe chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is directly related to the photosynthetic process. However, at canopy level this physiological link between fluorescence and photosynthesis may be blurred by structural vegetation changes and geometrical effects linked to interactions between sunlight and the three-dimensional structure of the canopy. Furthermore, much of our knowledge about the relationship between fluorescence and the physiological status of plants come from leaf level studies carried out under laboratory conditions. The physiological significance of ChlF at canopy level and under natural conditions is still a major subject of research and a source of uncertainties in the interpretation of SIF. This doctoral project aims were: 1. To study chlorophyll fluorescence yield at canopy level: we describe a new instrument, Ledflex, which is a micro-LIDAR dedicated to perform continuous measurements of vegetation fluorescence yield. Ledflex has been successfully applied under full sunlight conditions to establish the signature of water-stress on a pea (Pisum Sativum) canopy. Under well-watered conditions the Fs diurnal cycle present an M shape with a minimum (Fmin) at noon which is higher than the fluorescence level observed at predawn (Fo). After several days withholding watering, Fs decreases and Fmin
Delmond, Sylvie. "Etude photophysique de sondes à cations à fluorescence double et de dérivés du terphényle comme modèle de fluorophore à fort rendement quantique de fluorescence". Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10558.
Texto completoMoise, Nicolae. "Analyse dans le domaine fréquentiel de la durée de vie de la fluorescence des systèmes photosynthétiques". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112110.
Texto completoContrary to the chlorophyll fluorescence in solution, the fluorescence of photosynthetic systems in vivo is characterized by a variable quantum yield, which depends on the system's capacity to convert the excitation energy. Based on the phase and modulation fluorometry (PMF) technique, we developed two newly instruments in the 30-500 MHz range, which measure the fluorescence lifetime changes during the fluorescence induction with a millisecond sampling rate. The multi-frequency PMF allowed us to obtain for the first time a direct decomposition of fluorescence heterogeneities during a complete fluorescence induction upon a dark to light transition in leaves. In spite of this heterogeneity, a quasi-proportionality between the average lifetime and quantum yield during the fluorescence induction was obtained. Therefore, proposals to reconcile the two aspects of the chlorophyll fluorescence emission in-vivo, heterogeneous structure and homogeneous kinetics were made. We proved, on the basis of a kinetic model with three compartments, that the heterogeneity of the fluorescence is due to the compartmentation of the excitation energy in the antenna of PSII. The third compartment, a loosely connected chlorophyll-protein complex located on the minor antenna or on the reaction center of PSII, was also found to be responsible for the fast conformational change during the thermal phase of the fluorescence induction. A transitory blue shift of the red maximum at 685 nm of the chlorophyll fluorescence spectrum strongly sustains our hypothesis. The fast conformational change observed during the thermal phase is different from the conformational change due to the aggregation of the antenna as photoregulation mechanism. The multi-frequency PMF proved to be a new and powerful methodological approach for the analysis of the variable fluorescence and excitation energy dynamics of the photosynthetic apparatus
Carayon, Sophie. "Propriétés de fluorescence de nanocristaux de semiconducteurs II-VI". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010711.
Texto completoLefeuvre, Gwenaëlle. "Mesure Précise du Rendement Absolu de la Fluorescence del'Azote dans l'Air. Conséquences sur la Détection des Rayons Cosmiques d'Ultra-Haute Énergie". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00112125.
Texto completo4.23 ± 0.20 photons par mètre,
soit 20.46 ± 0.98 photons par MeV déposé.
Par ailleurs, et pour la première fois, le spectre de la fluorescence de l'azote excité par une source a été mesuré de façon absolue au moyen d'un spectromètre optique à réseau.
Balde, Hamadou. "Remote sensing of laser- and sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence for studying water and carbon functioning in terrestrial ecosystems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS674.pdf.
Texto completoSun-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) is used as a tool to monitor Gross Primary Production (GPP) across different ecosystems. SIF is important to understand the global carbon cycle under changing climate conditions. However, the use of SIF to probe variations in GPP is challenged by confounding factors (canopy biochemical properties, abiotic factors, etc.). In this thesis, we proposed to use multiple scale measurements (spaceborne with the TROPOMI and MODIS sensors, and ground-based) of SIF, reflectance, GPP, and active chlorophyll fluorescence yield (FyieldLIF), useful to observe the physiological variations of the vegetation. In order, first, to evaluate the strength and the nature of the relationship between GP-SIF and to predict GPP using remote sensing metrics; second, to examine the relationship between FyieldLIF and SIFy (SIF normalized by the photosynthetically active radiation, PAR) and the effects of canopy structure and sun-canopy geometry on SIF signal, and third, to explore the influence of canopy structure, light intensity and abiotic factors on SIF and GPP variations and on their links. We found that the strength and the nature of the links between GPP and TROPOMI SIF, across forty flux sites, depend on sites and vegetation types. Further, combined use of SIF and reflectance from satellite observations predicted over 80% of GPP variations. However, we observed that daily surface reflectance at different bands when taken as a whole outperformed daily TROPOMI SIF in predicting GPP, but the relative importance of variables in the random forest model using SIF and VIs (NDVI, PRI and NIRv) as inputs to predict GPP shows that SIF is the most important variable for predicting GPP. This result indicates that at a broad spatial scale, reflectances could be used to predict GPP and the use of SIF as a proxy of GPP raises the question of whether the physiological information related to photosynthesis contained in SIF could be detected at this scale. Based on top-of-canopy measurements in Fontainebleau-Barbeau, we show that active FyieldLIF was not correlated with passive SIFy at the diurnal timescale due to sun-canopy geometry effects. We also observed that the diurnal patterns in SIF and PAR did not match under clear sky conditions, underlining the effects of shadows on the measured canopy SIF. We also showed that the SIF and the reflectance can be used to predict FyieldLIF, while Φk =SIFy/FyieldLIF (an indicator of the interaction between canopy structure and irradiance geometry) is strongly correlated with reflectance and sun-canopy geometry. The analyses show that the links between GPP and SIF and their variations, resulting from ground-based measurements, depend on the temporal scale considered. More specifically, at the seasonal scale, we observed that variations in GPP, SIF, SIFy and FyieldLIF respond to the structural and biochemical development of canopies and to variations in abiotic factors, especially during the heatwaves in 2022. During these extreme weather conditions, we observed that, on one hand, SIF and VIs (NDVI, NIRv and mNDI), and on the other hand, SIF and PAR are not correlated, while GPP, SIF and FyieldLIF strongly decreased. This indicates that SIF and FyieldLIF can be used to monitor impact on photosynthetic activity under stress conditions, while VIs cannot. This specific response of SIF and FyieldLIF compared to VIs highlights the growing interest in the use of SIF as a proxy of GPP under changing climate conditions. However, at the diurnal scale, the interactions between canopy structure and sun geometry, as well as the light intensity control the variations in SIF and GPP and their links. We strongly recommend the use of the synergy between reflectance, SIF and active fluorescence measurements to better understand the dynamics of SIF and its link to GPP in other vegetation types at the canopy scale
Lefeuvre, Gwenaëlle. "Mesure précise du rendement absolu de la fluorescence de l'azote dans l'air : conséquences sur la détection des rayons cosmiques d'ultra haute énergie". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077204.
Texto completoThe study of the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (E > 1020 eV) requires t determine the energy with much more precision than what is currently achieved. The shower of particle created in the atmosphere can be detected either by sampling particle on the ground, or by detecting the fluorescence induced by the excitation of nitrogen by shower electrons. At present, the measurement of the fluorescence is the simplest and the most reliable method, since it does not call upon hadronic physics laws s extreme energies, a field still inaccessible to accelerators. The precise knowledge of the conversion facto between deposited energy and the number of fluorescence photons produced (the yield) is thus essential. Up to now, it has been determined with an accuracy of 15 % only. This main goal of this work is to measure this yield to better than 5 %. To do this, ~1 MeV electrons from a radioactive source excite nitrogen of the air. The accuracy has been reached thanks to the implementation of a new method for the absolute calibration of the photomultipliers detecting the photons, to better than 2 %. The fluorescence yield, measured and normalize to 0. 85 MeV, 760 mmHg and 15°C, is 4. 23 ± 0. 20 photons per meter, or 20. 46 ± 0. 98 photons per deposited MeV. In addition, and for the first time, the absolute fluorescence spectrum of nitrogen excited by a source has been measured with an optical grating spectrometer
Dujardyn, Marie-Christine. "Régulation de la photosynthèse de l'orge sous fort éclairement : photoinhibition et reprise". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112264.
Texto completoExposure of low-light-grown barley plants to high irradiance resulted in the loss of photosynthetic capacity called photo inhibition. This was characterized by a decrease in the quantum yield for CO assimilation and the loss of variable fluorescence at 690 nm. Photinhibition resulted in a partial (but reversable) decline in photosynthetic efficiency and capacity. The principal factor responsible for the inhibition of Benson-Calvin cycle activity was the resultant deficit in provision of reducing power. This is evidenced by the failure to maintain PGA reduction (and as a consequence RuBP regeneration) and also by the decrease in the activities of redox-modulated enzymes
Vermeulen, Pierre. "Microscopie à illumination structurée et optique adaptative pour l'imagerie de fluorescence 3D dynamique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00777094.
Texto completoModica, Vincent. "Développement d'une mesure quantitative de concentration d'espèces dopées par fluorescence induite par laser : application aux conditions moteur". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066068.
Texto completoFaucher, Marc-André. "Évaluation de l’influence de l’éclairement de croissance et de la température de surface des océans sur le rendement quantique de la fluorescence de la chlorophylle a induite par le soleil". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7701.
Texto completoAbstract : The current generation of Earth-orbiting sensors allows us to measure Sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence. Coupled with phytoplankton absorption and incident irradiance, it is possible to derive the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. This information could be very helpful as the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence is influenced by algal photophysiology. Here we evaluate the influence of the growth irradiance and of the sea surface temperature on the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. Results show that with increasing growth irradiance, the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence decreases, pointing to an increase in non-photochemical quenching due to photoacclimation/photoadaptation by phytoplankton in high light environments. The sea surface temperature below 6°C was shown to have a significant impact on the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. Below this temperature, a group of pixels was identified for which the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence was essentially constant at low values. This could potentially point to a wider ecosystemic/community related phenomenon. Simulations with a three-dimensional lookup table (i.e., growth irradiance, sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration) demonstrate the impact of these parameters on the global distribution of the apparent quantum yield of chlorophyll fluorescence. The model successfully reproduced some zones of low and high yield. Departures from the predicted values are likely pointing to physiological processes that are independent of temperature and growth irradiance.
Guelfucci, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution a l'etude des mecanismes de photoionisation et de photoconduction dans les dielectriques liquides non polaires". Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30029.
Texto completoZeitouny, Joya. "Advanced strategies for ultra-high PV efficiency". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0056.
Texto completoThe maximum efficiency limit attainable with a single-junction PV cell is ~ 33% according to the detailed balance formalism (also known as Shockley-Queisser model), which remains far from the Carnot limit, predicting a solar to electricity efficiency upper value of 93%. The large gap between both limits is due to intrinsic loss mechanisms, including the inefficient conversion of the solar spectrum and the large discrepancy between the solid angles of absorption and emission. To overcome these losses and get closer to the Carnot limit, three different strategies are considered in this thesis: concentrated multi-junction solarcells, the combination of solar concentration and angular confinement, and hybrid PV/CSP systems. Each strategy is inherently limited by several loss mechanisms that degrade their performances. The objective of this thesis is, hence, to better understand the extent to which these strategies are likely to be penalized by these losses, and to tailor the cell properties toward maximizing their efficiencies. To address these questions, a detailed-balance model of PV cell accounting for the main loss mechanisms was developed. A genetic-algorithm optimization tool was also implemented, aiming at exploring the parameter space and identifying the optimal operation conditions. We demonstrate the uttermost importance of tailoring the electronic properties of the materials used with both multi-junction solar cells undergoing significant series resistance losses, and PV cells operating at temperature levels exceeding ambient temperature. We also investigate the extent to which series resistances losses and non-radiative recombination are likely to affect the ability of PV cells simultaneously submitted to concentrated sunlight and angular restriction of the light emitted by band-to-band recombination
Hachimi, Azzedine. "Centres colores dans caf::(2) et srf::(2) dopes par des ions alcalins : cristallogenese, spectroscopie, duree de vie de l'etat excite relaxe". Caen, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CAEN2028.
Texto completoZhang, Yu. "Fabrication, structural and spectroscopic studies of wide bandgap semiconducting nanoparticles of ZnO for application as white light emitting diodes". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI046.
Texto completoThe present thesis studies ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a mesospheric polyacrylic acid (PAA) matrix synthesized via a hydrolysis protocol. The mesospheric ZnO/PAA hybrid structure was previously proved efficient in emitting visible light in a broad range, which results from the deep-level intrinsic defects in ZnO nanocrystals. To further tune the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum and improve the PL quantum yield (PL QY) of the material, metal-doped ZnO and silica-coated ZnO/PAA are fabricated independently. For ZnO doped with metallic elements, the nature, concentration, size and valence of the dopant are found to affect the formation of the mesospheres and consequently the PL and PL QY. Ions larger than Zn2+ with a higher valence tend to induce larger mesospheres and unembedded ZnO nanoparticles. Doping generally leads to the quenching of PL, but the PL spectrum can still be tuned in a wide range (between 2.46 eV and 2.17 eV) without degrading the PL QY by doping small ions at a low doping concentration (0.1 %). For silica-coated ZnO/PAA, an optimal coating correlatively depends on the amount of TEOS and ammonia in the coating process. The amount of TEOS does not affect the crystal structure of ZnO or the PL spectrum of the material, but high concentration of ammonia can degrade the PAA mesospheres and thicken the silica shell. A thin layer of silica that does not absorb too much excitation light but completely covers the mesospheres proves to be the most efficient, with a drastic PL QY improvement of six times. Regarding the application, the materials suffer from thermal quenching at temperatures high up to 100°C, at which white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) generally operates. However, silica-coated ZnO/PAA induces higher emission intensity at room temperature to make up for the thermal quenching
Bernhard, Claire. "Synthèse d'agents chélatants bifonctionnels macrocycliques pour le marquage de molécules biologiques par des métaux : application en imagerie médicale". Thesis, Dijon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DIJOS024/document.
Texto completoMolecular imaging became a major tool for the diagnosis and the treatment of cancers. This research field includes different techniques, such as Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Optical Imaging or nuclear Imaging (PET Positron Emission Tomography, SPECT Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Each imaging modality has its own strengths and weaknesses, and thus, combining different and complementary systems can overcome inherent limitations associated with any one individual techniques and improve the accuracy of disease diagnosis and enhancing patient management. In particular dual-modality Optical/Nuclear imaging may find important preclinical and clinical applications. One possible approach seeks to fuse the two imaging systems into one molecule (MonOmolecular Multimodality Imaging Agent [MOMIA]) in order to ensure the same biodistribution of the two probes. Our strategy consists in combining a DOTA-like compound allowing complexation of radiometal for nuclear imaging (SPECT or PET) with a bodipy moiety, valuable probe those fluorescent properties can be finely adjusted. The first part of this work is dedicated to the synthesis of bifunctional chelating agents based on macrocyclic polyamines for medical imaging application. These compounds must show excellent coordination properties towards the aimed radiometal and possess a grafting function to allow the coupling with a biomolecule. Powerful and general routes for the synthesis of a wide range of N- and C-functionalized macrocycles derived from cyclen and 13aneN4 are described, which enable to access to a wide range of new BFCs by introduction of different functional groups reactive towards primary amines, such as carboxylic acid, isothiocyanate or anhydride function. Some compounds were conjugated to different biomolecules, such as peptides or antibodies. Morever, the introduction of an alkyne function yields a novel family of bifunctional agents allowing chemoselective attachment to functionalized biomolecules or to modified amino acids using « click chemistry ». In a second part, we focused on the introduction of a bodipy moeity to obtain new bimodal agents for dual Optical/Nuclear imaging. Interestingly, the attachment of the polyaminocarboxylate (DOTA derivative) to the bodipy makes it soluble in water and complexation of different metal cations of interest in the macrocyclic cavity does not significantly alter the luminescence properties of the whole system. In addition, the functionalization of the meso position by using an appropriate linker between the bodipy and DOTA-like units, i.e. a 4-nitrophenylalanine derivative, could provide a new bimodal tag for labeling antibodies or peptides. Optimisation of the second generation bodipy-DOTA, i.e. derivatization reaction to reach the near-IR range or introduction of C-functionalised macrocycles was also investigated