Tesis sobre el tema "Remplissage sédimentaire"
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Gourronc, Marine. "Morphologie et remplissage sédimentaire des vallées martiennes : marqueurs des conditions climatiques pré-amazoniennes". Nantes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NANT2006.
Nowadays Mars has a cold and dry climate. At some locations its surface is more than 3. 5 Gy old and exhibits valleys, channels, terraces and deltas attesting the occurrence of liquid water in the past. This fluid is currently unstable on the surface of the planet, suggesting these morphologies would involve different climatic conditions from the current ones. What did early Martian climate look like? lt is one of the main issues regarding this planet. Among the geomorphological evidence classically used to reconstruct past climates, Martian valleys are numerous and heterogeneously distributed thus particularly attractive to study. Their morphologies can inform on the climatic conditions prevailing at the time of their formation and/or later during their evolution. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to solve the enigma concerning Martian pre-Amazonian (> 3. 5 Gy) climatic conditions by focusing on the study of equatorial valleys and the equatorial canyon of Valles Marineris. Our study reveals that the morphometry and spatial organization of some Martian valleys differ significantly from those of common terrestrial fluvial and sapping valleys. By contrast, they share a lot of similarities with terrestrial subglacial tunnel valleys. The subglacial or pro- glacial melting of surface ice deposits is plausible as an origin of some Martian valleys under cold climatic conditions. Moreover, regional geomorphological reconstitutions of Valles Marineris reveal that this valley system had witnessed glacial processes since its formation. Current glacial relicts of this former filling, probably several billion years old, still subsist protected under a debris cover. This study suggests the possibility that pre-Amazonian atmospheric conditions on Mars do not require to be significantly different from the current ones
Neurdin-Trescartes, Jacqueline. "Le remplissage sédimentaire du bassin néogène du Chélif, modèle de référence de bassins intramontagneux". Pau, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PAUU3021.
Salles, Tristan. "Modélisation numérique du remplissage sédimentaire des canyons et chenaux sous-marins par approche génétique". Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13254.
Alzaga, Ruiz Humberto. "Architecture et remplissage sédimentaire du bassin profond du Golfe du Mexique : modélisation stratigraphique et structurale du transect de Tuxpan". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20230.
The Deep Basin of the Gulf of Mexico (DBGM) is localized to the east of Mexico, to the southeast United states and to the west of the ocean Atlantic. The interest zone principal of this study on the part deep of the Gulf of Mexico has a bathymetries that varies of 200 to 3750 m, and understands continental slope and the abyssal plain. The geodynamic evolutions the Deep Basin of the Gulf of Mexico (DBGM) begins to the Triassic Jurassic with the rupture and the opening of a continental rift, in the sector south of the American North Tectonic Plate. This opening has the relative movement towards the southeast of the Yucatan Block, this will be the origin of the DBGM (Tectonics Analysis et al. , 2002). This geodynamic of continental rift is followed by a step of post-rift and spreading center. The basins continental margin developed to the west of the Gulf of Mexico, while oceanic crust formed in the DBGM. The basins of the passive margin then evolved under the effect the a thermal subsidence. The thermal subsidence of the margin next was perturbed by the orogeny Laramide, that restructured the architecture stratigraphic with silicoclastic deposits between the elements morphotectonic following: the tectonic front of the Sierra Madre Oriental (SMO), the foreland basin Chicontepec, the Tuxpan Platform (Golden Lane), the continental slope and the abyssal plain, these two last provinces morphotectonic belonging to the DBGM. During the Early Paleogene, the effects of the thermal subsidence of the passive margin were stressed by the tectonic load of the orogeny Laramide (SMO), allowing thus the development of a foreland basin flexural. In this framework geodynamic, the principal sedimentary transfers carried out themselves tectonic front "SMO" towards the DBGM. The principal source of sediments clastic is linked to the erosion of the chain of mountains "SMO". During the Paleocene and the Early Eocene, the architecture of the sediments silico-clastic syn-tectonic deposited in submarine fans are characterized by sliding, turbidities A and B of Bouma Facies and levee channels. After the end of the flexural subsidence, the thermal subsidence of the passive margin continued during the Late Eocene, the Oligocene and the Neogene, allowing the development of a new sedimentary prisms progradant. The sedimentary fillings up again are constituted levee-channels, sand bars platform and delta systems. During the Neogene a roll-over system developed on the slope of the DBGM, this roll-over detachment at a surface of clays of the Eocene-Oligocene. This system has more than 60% of the sediments silicoclastique of the Miocene. This sedimentary deposit go to of river-delta features towards sliding gravities associated to slump facies
Manalt, Frédéric. "Enregistrement lacustre de la dernière déglaciation dans les Alpes nord-occidentales : Le remplissage sédimentaire du lac d'Annecy (Haute-Savoie)". Chambéry, 1998. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715689.
Quiquerez, Amélie. "Le remplissage des bassins sédimentaires carbonatés : contraintes géologiques et modélisations numériques". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10269.
HUSSON, Eglantine. "Interaction géodynamique/karstification et modélisation géologique 3D des massifs carbonatés : Implication sur la distribution prévisionnelle de la karstification. Exemple des paléokarts crétacés à néogènes du Languedoc montpelliérain". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936257.
Carcaud, Nathalie. "Remplissages des fonds de vallées de la Moselle et de la Meurthe en Lorraine sédimentaire". Nancy 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN21017.
Chevalier, Michel. "Tectonique récente, effondrements et remplissages sédimentaires cénozoi͏̈ques dans le Domaine du Lac de Grand-Lieu". Nantes, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NANT2008.
Oguadinma, Vivian Onyinyechukwu. "The submarine canyon heads of the Niger delta : structural controls, sedimentary infilling and Cenozoic evolution". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR087.
Submarine canyons are major corridors for transferring sediments from continents to deep submarine basins. Considered transit structures sealed by distal mud, canyons have little perspective in reservoir geology. The source of the sediments, the timing of inputs, and the transport mechanisms in submarine canyons differ from one margin to another depending on the climatic and geodynamic contexts, making it a vast field of study. This work presents the results of a high-resolution 3D seismic survey of a south-eastern submarine canyon in the Niger Delta, the Galabor Canyon. After a literature review, two articles submitted to BSGF are presented in this dissertation. The first article focuses on seismic geomorphology and the relationships between gravity deformation (shale ridges, detachment faults) and canyon dynamics. The seismic volume studied, wedged at the well (gamma ray and biostratigraphic calibration), was explored through (i) vertical sections along and across the thalwegs of the canyon and (ii) seismic attribute maps of key horizons. The confinement of turbiditic flows in intra slope basin bordered by shale ridges explains much of the trapping of sand at the upper slope. Channel processes are responsible for sorting and concentrating sand in meander belts that extend far beyond the initial incision. The second article concerns sequential stratigraphy. Two 100,000-year-old deposition sequences are identified, separated by a dated horizon of 0.99 Ma. In each sequence, the sand is not sourced by an incised valley but by the regressive submarine erosion of shelf-edge deltas. The sand is bypassed in the falling stage system tract, dominated by mass transport deposits, and preserved in the low stand system tract. The transgressive system tract, which is thick and forms an excellent seal above the sandy reservoir, is dominated by fine hemipelagic sedimentation and the high stand system tract is absent. Questions such as sediment source and flow transformations between gravity and tractive mechanisms remain unanswered
Guillemot, Typhaine. "Réponses sédimentaires et moléculaires des remplissages lacustres groenlandais aux changements climatiques holocènes et à l'évolution des pratiques agropastorales". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2034/document.
In the current context of global change, understanding the interactions between Human/Environment/Climate is necessary to develop adaptive strategies and preserve ecosystems. A retrospective approach is therefore realized in three lacustrine cores to reconstruct the paleo-environmental history during the last five millennia. Lake Igaliku (N61°00’22’’, W45°26’28’’), located at 2km from the medieval episcopal cathedral in the historical farming center, has a sedimentation mainly driven by anthropogenic activities. A complete molecular inventory has been made on this sequence to characterize past agropastoral dynamics and their impacts on south Greenlandic ecosystems. The identified fecal biomarkers revealed two agropastoral phases, during the Norse settlement and recently, separated by the Little Ice Age (LIA) and mainly characterized by sheep breeding. Vegetation molecular biomarkers (n-alkanes, triterpenyl acetates) and palynological data showed a reduction of trees and shrubs cover during these two periods especially. Erosion biomarkers (TTHCs) and sedimentological data identified only one drastic erosion in the 1980s synchronous with the mechanized creation of fodder parcels. Moreover, an eutrophication of the lake waters was recorded with short chain length n-alkanes and mesotrophic diatoms. Lake Qallimiut (N60°43’27’’, W45°23’12’’) and Little Kangerluluup (N60°38’32’’, W45°38’11’’), less impacted by anthropogenic activities, are fed by major streams influenced by hydrological variations. Their sedimentation is therefore mainly driven by climate changes. To improve the temporal and spatial resolution of climate changes during the Holocene, a multi-proxy sedimentological study was made on these two sites. Petrophysical, mineralogical and geochemical analyses have identified flood events especially occurring during cooler and wetter periods such as the Middle to Late Holocene transition (ca. 2500 BC), the Sub-boreal/Sub-atlantic transition (ca. 700 BC) and the LIA (between ca. AD 1300 et ca. AD 1900). These climate pejorations have impacted local human societies. For example, during the LIA, a maximum of flood events and drop of temperatures are recorded, partly responsible of the Norse demise
Pizarro, Martínez Héctor Orlando. "Les traceurs minéralogiques comme indicateurs de porphyres cuprifères dans les remplissages sédimentaires des bassins adjacents, désert d'Atacama, Chili". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30105.
Porphyry copper deposits (PCDs) are linked to calk-alkaline magmatism produced in a convergent tectonic margin and resulted from the circulation of hydrothermal fluids derived from oxidized and water rich felsic magmas emplaced at shallow depths. During the evolution of the magmatic and hydrothermal systems, the fluid-rock interaction generates typical hydrothermal alteration minerals and can also modify or generates accessories minerals with different properties that can be associated at each stage of the evolution of the system, which could be distinguished by the physico and geochemical characteristics of the inherited accessory minerals (zircon), the modified minerals (apatite) or the newly formed minerals (Fe-Ti oxides). In the Atacama Desert hydrographic basins exposed along the western forearc are filled by gravel deposits which were derived from the erosion of the Domeyko Cordillera in response to the Eocene Incaic tectonic phase. It can be hypothesized that some of these basins contain mineralogical evidences that come from the denudation of porphyry copper mineralized systems located upstream. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to find magnetic, mineral and chemical evidences that will help to link the denudation of PCDs with sediments deposited in adjacent basins, mainly by using heavy minerals and magnetic signals as tracers contained in the sedimentary record. To test this relationship, I compare the rock-magnetic properties and physical and geochemical characteristics of minerals (zircon and apatite) in four selected DPCs located in Domeyko Cordillera (Chuquicamata, Mirador, Esperanza and Escodida), with the same characteristics in detrital sediment filling a close basin in the Centinela Mining District. In the studied PCDs, accessory minerals with distinctive physical and geochemical characteristics associated with metallogenic fertility were identified. In zircons, the most fertile samples correspond to these geochemical signatures: Hf > 8,750 (ppm), Eu/Eu* > 0.4, 10.000 x (Eu/Eu*)/Y > 1, (Ce/Nd)/ Y > 0.01, Dy/Yb < 0.3, Th/U < 1 - > 0.1), which can be linked to high oxidation state and high content of magmatic water in the magma. In apatite, the most relevant features indicating fertility are the green luminescence color and high Ca values and low content of trace elements, such as Mg, Na, Cl, which can be related to the evolution of hydrothermal fluids. Although the magnetic signal from DPCs is controlled by the presence of Fe-Ti oxides of hydrothermal and magmatic origin, their characteristics could not be used to differentiate the contribution of these two components. In the stratigraphic record there is a gravel deposit (Tesoro) which contains an important number of zircons and apatite which can be signaled as indicators of metallogenic fertility, that coincides with exotic-Cu mineralization and abundant clasts coming from different hydrothermal alteration zones related to PCDs. In the gravel deposits, a decrease in the magnetic susceptibility values from lower to upper levels is observed, which is mainly controlled by coarse-grain Fe-Ti oxides concentration of detritic origin. In the gravel deposits, rock magnetic properties are mainly controlled by Fe-Ti oxides concentration of detritic origin, where the highest concentration of Fe-minerals could be associated to arid climatic conditions and a rapid tectonically-controlled denudation, whereas the decline in concentration can be related to an aridification trend and/or sources changes
Laafar, Saïd. "Etude de microfaciès sédimentaires, pédologiques et archéologiques aux remplissages de grottes en milieu méditerranéen (Orgnac iii et lazaret, France)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0011.
Debard, Evelyne. "Le Quaternaire du Bas-Vivarais : dynamique sédimentaire, paléoclimatologie et chronologie d'après l'étude sédimentologique des remplissages d'avens, de porches de grottes et d'abris sous roche : comparaisons avec le Velay oriental". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10025.
Robineau, Mathieu. "Risques de corrosion associés à une interface hétérogène acier-matériau de remplissage-argilites : couplages galvaniques, cinétique et évolution dans le temps". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS020/document.
The present study relates to the problem of long-term disposal of nuclear waste. In France, with the Cigéo project, it is envisaged to store high and intermediate level long lived radioactive waste at a depth of 500m inside a carbon steel (API 5L X65) casing in a deep geological disposal, drilled in a very stiff clay formation. A maximum temperature of 90°C is expected at the carbon steel surface, because of the intense radioactivity. Finally, a specific cement grout will be injected between the carbon steel casing and the argilites. The synthesis of corrosion product layers likely to form on the steel surface was the first objective of this work. The different parameters to obtain siderite (FeCO3), mackinawite (FeS) and magnetite (Fe3O4) have been determined. Subsequently, coupling tests were carried out with two steel electrodes covered with different corrosion products in order to simulate the behaviour of a steel surface covered with a heterogeneous corrosion product layer. It appeared that the steel electrode covered with mackinawite was in each case the cathode. This phenomenon is associated with the somewhat protective properties of the mackinawite layer. Besides, anodic polarization experiments conducted to prepare mackinawite layers showed that the formation of a corrosion product layer composed of magnetite/mackinawite was associated with localized corrosion. The behaviour of carbon steel in contact with cement grout envisaged to fill the gap between casing and argillites was studied next. This second part of the study showed that the corrosion product layer forming on the steel surface was mainly composed of magnetite, associated with iron sulphides such as mackinawite. Heterogeneity of the cement grout, presence of sulphide within it, and presence of dissolved oxygen in the test solutions are the main causes of the appearance of localized corrosion processes. This result also shows that the oxide layers forming on the steel surface in the specific cement grout only provides an imperfect protection. Finally, the last part of this research work focused on the study of possible galvanic effects between a zone covered with argilites, and a zone covered with cement grout implying the presence of magnetite and mackinawite and thus able to act as cathode. Such effects could not be evidenced which is attributed to the absence of a real passive state of the steel in contact with the cement grout
Bouabdallah, Noureddine. "Cadre stratigraphique et paléoclimatique de la première partie du pléistocène supérieur en Ligurie italienne d'après l'étude sédimentaire des remplissages des grottes de la Madonna dell'Arma (San Remo) et de Santa Lucia supérieure (Toirano)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0012.
The stratigraphic and sedimentological studies of the sites of the Madonna dell' Arma (San Remo) and of Santa Lucia higher (Toirano) make it possible to establish the stratigraphy of the two deposits, to reconstitute the paleoenvironmental framework of Ligurie, during the upper Pleistocene as to replace the two sites within the chronological framework of the Quaternary period. The site of the Madonna dell' Arma is located in the province of Imperia in Italian Ligurie, East of San Remo. It is dug in a conglomerate pliocene. The sedimentary filling contains a Quaternary deposit, divided into two distinct parts: an interior part and another external. In the interior part, seven stratigraphic sets were given. The basic unit is originating of the old Tyrrhenian beach. The other sets, whose principal actors of the sand contributions are in turn the wall and the environment of the site, continue with alternation lasting different under stages from the isotopic stage 5. The external part shows a great homogeneity due to a mode of deposit and a single origin of the sediments. It is contemporary with the isotopic stage 3. A Gallo-Roman occupation ends the "external" phase. It lies in discontinuity on the mousterian unit because of a sedimentary gap including the entirety of the upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic period. This sequence is attributed at the isotopic stage 1. The higher cave of Santa Lucia, located on the Mount San Pietro, in the North-West of Toirano, contains a short sedimentary sequence. The stratigraphic and sedimentological studies show that this filling is divided into three stratigraphic levels deposited in different climatic conditions : - the lower level, rich in blocks coming from the wall, seems to have settled during cold and dry climatic conditions. It is attributed to the isotopic stage 4. The intermediate level whose origin is the wall of the cave differentiates from the prerious by a scarcity of blocks and an increase of the coarse sandy fraction. This unit was set up for one period probably wetter. It is attributed to the end of the isotopic stage 4 and the beginning of the isotopic stage 3. The higher level is characterized by an increase in clays and a reduction in the other fractions which constitute the sediment. This part of the filling, seems to have settled during very wet climatic conditions. The sediments would come from the wall of the cave and the environment of the site. It is attributed to the isotopic stage 3
Michel, Olivier. "Caractérisation isotopique Rb/Sr et Pb/Pb des roches totales, des minéraux de remplissage de fracture et des eaux des formations sédimentaires jurassiques de Tournemire (Aveyron, France) : implications sur les interactions eau/roche passées et actuelles". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20126.
Alzaga, Humberto. "Architecture et remplissage sédimentaire du bassin profond du Golfe du Mexique: Modélisation stratigraphique et structurale du transect de Tuxpan". Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00435120.
Manalt, Frederic. "Enregistrement lacustre de la dernière déglaciation dans les Alpes nord-occidentales Le remplissage sédimentaire du lac d'Annecy (Haute-Savoie) - Alpes françaises". Phd thesis, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715689.
Susperregui, Anne Sophie. "Caractérisation hydro-sédimentaire des retenues de Cointzio et d'Umécuaro (Michoacán, Mexique) comme indicateur du fonctionnement érosif du bassin versant". Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356281.
La synthèse de l'ensemble des données recueillies montrent que depuis les années 70, les conditions érosives sur le bassin versant de Cointzio sont relativement stables mais que certains efforts restent à faire pour limiter l'effet des transferts sédimentaires (plus particulièrement de la fraction colloïdale) sur les eaux du réservoir de Cointzio.