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Friedrich, Maik y Christoph Möhlenbrink. "How to Evaluate Remote Tower Metrics in Connection With Weather Observations". Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 8, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2018): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000142.
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Abstract. Owing to the different approaches for remote tower operation, a standardized set of indicators is needed to evaluate the technical implementations at a task performance level. One of the most influential factors for air traffic control is weather. This article describes the influence of weather metrics on remote tower operations and how to validate them against each other. Weather metrics are essential to the evaluation of different remote controller working positions. Therefore, weather metrics were identified as part of a validation at the Erfurt-Weimar Airport. Air traffic control officers observed weather events at the tower control working position and the remote control working position. The eight participating air traffic control officers answered time-synchronized questionnaires at both workplaces. The questionnaires addressed operationally relevant weather events in the aerodrome. The validation experiment targeted the air traffic control officer’s ability to categorize and judge the same weather event at different workplaces. The results show the potential of standardized indicators for the evaluation of performance and the importance of weather metrics in relation to other evaluation metrics.
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Wang, Jin Yu, Guang Jie Fu, Dong Xue Lin y Chao Wang. "Research on Tower Crane Safety Control System Based on GPRS and U Disk Storage". Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (julio de 2013): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.901.
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Driven by the interests of the construction unit, field workers illegal operations and other reasons, tower crane collapse accidents occur frequently, personal injury or death became common occurrence. According to the nationalGB12602-2010 lifting mechanical overload protection device security technical specifications, security and monitoring equipment must be installed on the tower crane. The GPRS and U disk storage tower crane control system has catered to the national security specified requirements. By the control system, the data can not only be recorded and inquired, well it can also be wireless remote transmitted. Supervisors who are in units can also monitor the construction site online. Meanwhile, the system can control the tower crane operations according to the specific situation of overrun. The system has a good promotional value.
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Wang, Jin Yu, Guang Jie Fu, Dong Xue Lin y Chao Wang. "Signal Acquisition and Process on Tower Crane Safety Control System". Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (agosto de 2013): 2141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.2141.
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Tower crane collapse accidents occur frequently, personal injury or death became a common occurrence. According to the nationalGB12602-2011 lifting mechanical overload protection device security technical specifications, security and monitoring equipment must be installed on the tower crane. The GPRS and U disk storage tower crane control system has catered to the national security specified requirements, record and inquires can be realized, at the same time, the control system can achieve data wireless remote. Supervising person that in the units can monitor the construction site online. Meanwhile, the system can control the tower crane operations according to the specific situation of overrun.
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Kearney, Peter, Wen‐Chin Li, Jingyi Zhang, Graham Braithwaite y Lei Wang. "Human performance assessment of a single air traffic controller conducting multiple remote tower operations". Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 30, n.º 2 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20827.
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Rautenberg, Alexander, Martin Schön, Kjell zum Berge, Moritz Mauz, Patrick Manz, Andreas Platis, Bram van Kesteren, Irene Suomi, Stephan T. Kral y Jens Bange. "The Multi-Purpose Airborne Sensor Carrier MASC-3 for Wind and Turbulence Measurements in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer". Sensors 19, n.º 10 (17 de mayo de 2019): 2292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19102292.
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For atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) studies, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) can provide new information in addition to traditional in-situ measurements, or by ground- or satellite-based remote sensing techniques. The ability of fixed-wing UAS to transect the ABL in short time supplement ground-based measurements and the ability to extent the data horizontally and vertically allows manifold investigations. Thus, the measurements can provide many new possibilities for investigating the ABL. This study presents the new mark of the Multi-Purpose Airborne Sensor Carrier (MASC-3) for wind and turbulence measurements and describes the subsystems designed to improve the wind measurement, to gain endurance and to allow operations under an enlarged range of environmental conditions. The airframe, the capabilities of the autopilot Pixhawk 2.1, the sensor system and the data acquisition software, as well as the post-processing software, provide the basis for flight experiments and are described in detail. Two flights in a stable boundary-layer and a close comparison to a measurement tower and a Sodar system depict the accuracy of the wind speed and direction measurements, as well as the turbulence measurements. Mean values, variances, covariance, turbulent kinetic energy and the integral length scale agree well with measurements from a meteorological measurement tower. MASC-3 performs valuable measurements of stable boundary layers with high temporal resolution and supplements the measurements of meteorological towers and sodar systems.
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Telychko, Hanna, Dmytro Romanenkov, Bohdan Kariev y Andrii Rogozhyn. "DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATIC WATER SUPPLY CONTROL SYSTEM FOR A REMOTE VILLAGE". Naukovyi visnyk Donetskoho natsionalnoho tekhnichnoho universytetu, n.º 1-2 (2022): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2415-7902-2022-1(8)-2(9)-119-127.
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Purpose. Modernization of existing solutions for automatic control of water supply in a remote village. Methodology. The integrated approach to analyze the design object, to choose of the concept of building a water supply management system, to use mathematical methods for the study of operations, and the description of the control and management system have been used for the research. Results. The article provides a critical analysis of existing modern solutions for water supply in remote villages. Water consumption and water supply sources for the population, namely water intake wells, and calculation of the volume of the water tower, have been determined. Frequency regulation of pumping units and principles of automation of pumping stations have also been given. Priority directions for further research to improve the efficiency of water supply has been established. An algorithm for monitoring and controlling of autonomous water supply has been developed, and a SCADA system has been created to monitor the status of the pumping station. Scientific novelty. A unique water supply system has been proposed instead of the centralized one. A SCADA system to control the current state of the complex has been created. Practical significance. Optimization model of the automatic control system of the water supply of a remote village with a backup power supply and real-time control of the system. This solution has been designed for the full cycle of water supply, to reduce costs. It ensures uninterrupted water supply, optimize the operation of pumping stations and adapt the existing infrastructure to changing water quality requirements.
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Kearney, Peter y Wen-Chin Li. "Multiple remote tower for Single European Sky: The evolution from initial operational concept to regulatory approved implementation". Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 116 (octubre de 2018): 15–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.06.005.
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FUKASAWA, Shinichi y Yusuke SUZUKI. "An Evaluation of Augmented Reality Function to Reduce the Wide-Area Surveillance Workload for Remote Air Traffic Control Tower Operations". Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 58, Supplement (30 de julio de 2022): 1E2–04–1E2–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.58.1e2-04.
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Li, Wen-Chin, Peter Kearney, Graham Braithwaite y John J. H. Lin. "How much is too much on monitoring tasks? Visual scan patterns of single air traffic controller performing multiple remote tower operations". International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 67 (septiembre de 2018): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2018.05.005.
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Metzger, Stefan, David Durden, Sreenath Paleri, Matthias Sühring, Brian J. Butterworth, Christopher Florian, Matthias Mauder et al. "Novel approach to observing system simulation experiments improves information gain of surface–atmosphere field measurements". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 2021): 6929–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6929-2021.
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Abstract. The observing system design of multidisciplinary field measurements involves a variety of considerations on logistics, safety, and science objectives. Typically, this is done based on investigator intuition and designs of prior field measurements. However, there is potential for considerable increases in efficiency, safety, and scientific success by integrating numerical simulations in the design process. Here, we present a novel numerical simulation–environmental response function (NS–ERF) approach to observing system simulation experiments that aids surface–atmosphere synthesis at the interface of mesoscale and microscale meteorology. In a case study we demonstrate application of the NS–ERF approach to optimize the Chequamegon Heterogeneous Ecosystem Energy-balance Study Enabled by a High-density Extensive Array of Detectors 2019 (CHEESEHEAD19). During CHEESEHEAD19 pre-field simulation experiments, we considered the placement of 20 eddy covariance flux towers, operations for 72 h of low-altitude flux aircraft measurements, and integration of various remote sensing data products. A 2 h high-resolution large eddy simulation created a cloud-free virtual atmosphere for surface and meteorological conditions characteristic of the field campaign domain and period. To explore two specific design hypotheses we super-sampled this virtual atmosphere as observed by 13 different yet simultaneous observing system designs consisting of virtual ground, airborne, and satellite observations. We then analyzed these virtual observations through ERFs to yield an optimal aircraft flight strategy for augmenting a stratified random flux tower network in combination with satellite retrievals. We demonstrate how the novel NS–ERF approach doubled CHEESEHEAD19's potential to explore energy balance closure and spatial patterning science objectives while substantially simplifying logistics. Owing to its modular extensibility, NS–ERF lends itself to optimizing observing system designs also for natural climate solutions, emission inventory validation, urban air quality, industry leak detection, and multi-species applications, among other use cases.
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Aragon, Bruno, Rasmus Houborg, Kevin Tu, Joshua B. Fisher y Matthew McCabe. "CubeSats Enable High Spatiotemporal Retrievals of Crop-Water Use for Precision Agriculture". Remote Sensing 10, n.º 12 (22 de noviembre de 2018): 1867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121867.
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Remote sensing based estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) provides a direct accounting of the crop water use. However, the use of satellite data has generally required that a compromise between spatial and temporal resolution is made, i.e., one could obtain low spatial resolution data regularly, or high spatial resolution occasionally. As a consequence, this spatiotemporal trade-off has tended to limit the impact of remote sensing for precision agricultural applications. With the recent emergence of constellations of small CubeSat-based satellite systems, these constraints are rapidly being removed, such that daily 3 m resolution optical data are now a reality for earth observation. Such advances provide an opportunity to develop new earth system monitoring and assessment tools. In this manuscript we evaluate the capacity of CubeSats to advance the estimation of ET via application of the Priestley-Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PT-JPL) retrieval model. To take advantage of the high-spatiotemporal resolution afforded by these systems, we have integrated a CubeSat derived leaf area index as a forcing variable into PT-JPL, as well as modified key biophysical model parameters. We evaluate model performance over an irrigated farmland in Saudi Arabia using observations from an eddy covariance tower. Crop water use retrievals were also compared against measured irrigation from an in-line flow meter installed within a center-pivot system. To leverage the high spatial resolution of the CubeSat imagery, PT-JPL retrievals were integrated over the source area of the eddy covariance footprint, to allow an equivalent intercomparison. Apart from offering new precision agricultural insights into farm operations and management, the 3 m resolution ET retrievals were shown to explain 86% of the observed variability and provide a relative RMSE of 32.9% for irrigated maize, comparable to previously reported satellite-based retrievals. An observed underestimation was diagnosed as a possible misrepresentation of the local surface moisture status, highlighting the challenge of high-resolution modeling applications for precision agriculture and informing future research directions. .
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INOUE, Satoru, Mark Brown y Yasuyuki KAKUBARI. "Development Operation Systems for Remote Aerodrome Tower". Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2017.26 (2017): 3018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2017.26.3018.
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Castagnetti, Cristina, Elisa Bassoli, Loris Vincenzi y Francesco Mancini. "Dynamic Assessment of Masonry Towers Based on Terrestrial Radar Interferometer and Accelerometers". Sensors 19, n.º 6 (16 de marzo de 2019): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061319.
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This paper discusses the performance of a terrestrial radar interferometer for the structural monitoring of ancient masonry towers. High-speed radar interferometry is an innovative and powerful remote sensing technique for the dynamic monitoring of large structures since it is contactless, non-destructive, and able to measure fast displacements on the order of tenths of millimeters. This methodology was tested on a masonry tower of great historical interest, the Saint Prospero bell tower (Northern Italy). To evaluate the quality of the results, data collected from the interferometer were compared and validated with those provided by two types of accelerometer-based measuring systems directly installed on the tower. Dynamic tests were conducted in operational conditions as well as during a bell concert. The first aimed at characterizing the dynamic behavior of the tower, while the second allowed to evaluate the bell swinging effects. Results showed a good agreement among the different measuring systems and demonstrated the potential of the radar interferometry for the dynamic monitoring of structures, with special focus on the need for an accurate design of the geometric aspects of the surveys.
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Papenfuss, Anne, Maik Friedrich, Christoph Möhlenbrink, Michael Rudolph, Sebastian Schier, Markus Schmidt y Norbert Fürstenau. "Assessing Operational Validity of Remote Tower Control in High-fidelity Tower Simulation". IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43, n.º 13 (2010): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20100831-4-fr-2021.00022.
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Tripathy, Sandip. "Challenges Faced By the Indian Transportation Sector in Implementing New Age Technologies". Psychology and Education Journal 57, n.º 9 (5 de enero de 2021): 6162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v57i9.2694.
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This research paper in its entirety tries to articulate the various types of challenges faced by the Indian Transportation Sector in implementing new age technologies for better control and visibility throughout the entire Supply Chain. It mostly focuses on the road and rail mode of transportation, though briefly it also touch-bases upon the water and air modes. Indian railways and roads position themselves as the third and second largest network respectively worldwide. In addition to a set of questionnaires circulated among individuals working in the logistics domain to capture their point of view, a thorough literature review of the previous works in this field was done to identify the causes – both external and internal to an organization, which affects implementation of digital solutions to present transportation problems. In this paper, we discuss along with others, two of the greatest challenges posed to the digital transformation – firstly, adamant attitude of traditional players operating in this space, who have for long, functioned through traditional processes and legacy systems and secondly, the complexity of the road and rail network running through the length and breadth of the country. Though the average time taken by enterprises to digitize their transportation business has reduced tremendously due to need of remote operations in these unprecedented times during COVID-19, but still there exist some of the challenges which need to be addressed. Some of the major drivers of identifying these challenges are the need to - reduce lead times by setting up a platform/control tower which can automate the management of transportation with minimized touch points between organizations and their customers, need to reduce risk of manipulated data by minimizing human intervention and need to increase customer satisfaction by incorporating functionalities like real-time tracking, automated exception handling and other. The challenges which were identified in this study can be further analysed to improve on it and conceptualize a framework for transforming Indian logistics (majorly the transportation space). This paper is written from the point of view of current scenario of Indian transportation industry.
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Inoue, Satoru, Naruto Yonemoto y Mark Brown. "2308 A Study on Remote Tower Operation System in Air Traffic Services". Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2014.23 (2014): 147–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2014.23.147.
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Belušić, D., D. H. Lenschow y N. J. Tapper. "Performance of a mobile car platform for mean wind and turbulence measurements". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, n.º 6 (25 de junio de 2014): 1825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-1825-2014.
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Abstract. The lack of adequate near-surface observations of the stable atmospheric boundary layer spatial structure motivated the development of an instrumented car for mobile turbulence measurements. The calibration and validation of the car measurements are performed using controlled field experiments and a comparison with an instrumented tower. The corrections required to remove the effects of the car motion are shown to be smaller and simpler than the corrections for research aircraft measurements. A car can therefore satisfactorily measure near-surface turbulence using relatively low-cost equipment. Other natural advantages of a car, such as the ability to drive on any road at any time of day or night and follow the terrain slope, as well as its low cost of operation, make it applicable to observations of a variety of flow regimes that cannot be achieved with the usual platforms, such as research aircraft or networks of flux towers.
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Belušić, D., D. H. Lenschow y N. J. Tapper. "Performance of a mobile car platform for mean wind and turbulence measurements". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2014): 949–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-949-2014.
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Abstract. The lack of adequate near-surface observations of the stable atmospheric boundary layer spatial structure motivated the development of an instrumented car for mobile turbulence measurements. The calibration and validation of the car measurements are performed using controlled field experiments and a comparison with an instrumented tower. The corrections required to remove the effects of the car motion are shown to be smaller and simpler than the corrections for research aircraft measurements. A car can therefore satisfactorily measure near-surface turbulence using relatively low-cost equipment. Other natural advantages of a car, such as the ability to drive on any road at any time of day or night and follow the terrain slope, as well as its low cost of operation, make it applicable to observations of a variety of flow regimes that cannot be achieved with the usual platforms, such as research aircraft or networks of flux towers.
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Huang, Hui Chun, Wei Jiang y Ren Jie Hu. "Research on Integrated Monitoring System of High-Voltage Tower". Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (agosto de 2013): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.657.
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The monitoring and stable operation of high-voltage tower is an important direction of strong grid research. Transmission monitoring includes the forecast of early faults and real-time state estimation. There is no domestic report on related research. Some simulation in laboratory had been done and little been reported. The research review was carried out in accordance with existing knowledge and research progress summary, using wireless transmission and self-generating as example, to build high-voltage tower monitoring system including power management systems, sensor systems, data processing systems, signal transmission system and remote monitoring system.
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Shapira, Aviad y Avihu Elbaz. "Tower Crane Cycle Times: Case Study of Remote-Control versus Cab-Control Operation". Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 140, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2014): 05014010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000904.
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Su, H., M. F. McCabe, E. F. Wood, Z. Su y J. H. Prueger. "Modeling Evapotranspiration during SMACEX: Comparing Two Approaches for Local- and Regional-Scale Prediction". Journal of Hydrometeorology 6, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2005): 910–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm466.1.
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Abstract The Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model was developed to estimate land surface fluxes using remotely sensed data and available meteorology. In this study, a dual assessment of SEBS is performed using two independent, high-quality datasets that are collected during the Soil Moisture–Atmosphere Coupling Experiment (SMACEX). The purpose of this comparison is twofold. First, using high-quality local-scale data, model-predicted surface fluxes can be evaluated against in situ observations to determine the accuracy limit at the field scale using SEBS. To accomplish this, SEBS is forced with meteorological data derived from towers distributed throughout the Walnut Creek catchment. Flux measurements from 10 eddy covariance systems positioned on these towers are used to evaluate SEBS over both corn and soybean surfaces. These data allow for an assessment of modeled fluxes during a period of rapid vegetation growth and varied hydrometeorology. Results indicate that SEBS can predict evapotranspiration with accuracies approaching 10%–15% of that of the in situ measurements, effectively capturing the temporal development of surface flux patterns for both corn and soybean, even when the evaporative fraction ranges between 0.50 and 0.90. Second, utilizing high-resolution remote sensing data and operational meteorology, a catchment-scale examination of model performance is undertaken. To extend the field-based assessment of SEBS, information derived from the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM) and data from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) were combined to determine regional surface energy fluxes for a clear day during the field experiment. Results from this analysis indicate that prediction accuracy was strongly related to crop type, with corn predictions showing improved estimates compared to those of soybean. Although root-mean-square errors were affected by the limited number of samples and one poorly performing soybean site, differences between the mean values of observations and SEBS Landsat-based predictions at the tower sites were approximately 5%. Overall, results from this analysis indicate much potential toward routine prediction of surface heat fluxes using remote sensing data and operational meteorology.
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Mei, Dan, Junjie Shi, Yuzheng Zhu, Xuemei Xu, Futang Xing y Ling Shi. "Optimization the operation parameters of SDA desulfurization tower by flow coupling chemical reaction model". Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 22, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2020-0006.
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AbstractSpray Drying Absorber (SDA) has been widely used for large-scale desulfurization. However, it also has some limitations. For example, the liquid absorbent easily causes scaling, which impedes the contact between the serous fluid and the flue gas and reduces the chemical reaction rate and desulfurization efficiency. This paper establishes the mathematical and physical model of gas and liquid two-phase flow and droplet evaporation and heat transfer in rotary spray desulfurization tower. To study the accumulation and distribution of chemical reaction precipitates in the desulfurization tower and analyze the removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in different atomization diameters, this paper establishes a simulation model concerning the coupling of desulfurization reaction and flow field calculation based on the absorption and reaction mechanism of SO2. Baffle in different widths are set to optimize the internal flow field and balance the distribution of flue gas. By setting baffles of different widths to optimize the flow field in the tower and changing the distribution of flue gas, this model reduces the scaling while ensuring the desulfurization efficiency. The results of the simulation experiment have verified that the droplet with a diameter of 50 μm is the optimal option, which can effectively remove the scaling and ensure that the desulfurizing tower runs in high efficiency and stability. When the width of baffles is 2250 mm, the efficiency of desulfurization exceeds 95%, and the amount of scaling on the desulfurization tower main wall is controlled at the minimum level, which is the optimal option for production.
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Jiang, Quan Sheng y Hua Rong Li. "Remote Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis Technology for Rotating Tower of Continuous Casting Machine". Advanced Materials Research 462 (febrero de 2012): 850–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.462.850.
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To meet the requirement of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for the rotating tower of continuous casting machine (RTCCM) in a steel-making plant, the technology of remote monitoring and diagnosis system (RMDS) for RTCCM is developed in the paper. The architecture of the system is presented, and the key techniques in the system implementation are discussed in detail, including the B/S structure, Java technique and Web diagnostic technique. The developed RMDS can implement truly portability and provide a good solution for designing a remote diagnosis system based on network environment. The outcome of locale running indicates that the system possesses complete function with reliable operation and friendly consumer interface.
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Nelson, James R. y Robert H. Weisberg. "In Situ Observations and Satellite Remote Sensing in SEACOOS: Program Development and Lessons Learned". Marine Technology Society Journal 42, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2008): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533208786842480.
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In situ observing and satellite remote sensing components of the Southeast Atlantic Coastal Ocean Observing System (SEACOOS) implemented from 2002 through 2006 are reviewed and "lessons learned" from the operation of these systems are summarized. The in situ observing program built upon several efforts initiated at academic institutions in the southeast U.S. prior to 2002. The partnership and observing capacity were expanded as the SEACOOS program developed. Sustained near real-time in situ observations were obtained from buoys, offshore towers, pier and shore stations, and mobile platforms (ships, gliders, drifters) using several communications options. The SEACOOS observing program also included several test-bed studies, and a pilot program in regional satellite remote sensing utilized established capabilities at partner institutions to deliver satellite products in near real-time to SEACOOS. Many of the SEACOOS observing activities leveraged personnel and infrastructure resources at partner institutions and support from complementary research projects. The SEACOOS experience provides a number of pragmatic (operational) "lessons learned" that are relevant to the future operation of a Regional Coastal Ocean Observing System (RCOOS). Adequate support of experienced personnel is critical to the efficient, sustained operation of a real-time observing network. Also required are sufficient inventories of spare components, appropriate transportation options to accommodate both routine and unscheduled maintenance, robust communications with sufficient bandwidth and back-up options, and data logging on deployment platforms to minimize gaps in the time-series. RCOOS planning should include mechanisms to ensure effective communications on operational matters among technical personnel within and across regions.
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Xian Zhang, Xian Zhang, Yiwen Liu Xian Zhang, Taiguo Qu Yiwen Liu y Pengju Tang Taiguo Qu. "Research on Remote Online Firmware Upgrade System for Embedded Devices". 網際網路技術學刊 23, n.º 7 (diciembre de 2022): 1587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.53106/160792642022122307013.
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<p>To effectively reduce the cost of firmware upgrade and maintenance of embedded devices, according to the requirement of a remote firmware update of embedded devices, this paper proposes a remote online firmware upgrade technology based on ZigBee. Combined with the requirements of remote online firmware upgrade application of tower-mounted amplifier, this paper analyzes and studies the system requirements, ZigBee module selection and design, software design and implementation (communication protocol design of host and slave program, breakpoint continuation function), fault analysis and other aspects. Designed experiments and tested the ZigBee connection success rate under the device startup state and normal operation state, the relationship between transmission firmware size and transmission success rate, system CPU resource consumption, transmission distance, transmission rate, the success rate, data reuse rate and acceleration ratio of breakpoint continuation function, and other performance indicators. The experimental results show that the remote online firmware upgrade technology based on ZigBee for embedded devices can better meet the system’s performance requirements in all aspects and improve the data reuse rate and acceleration ratio in the process of data transmission. The experimental results show that this scheme has the advantages of simplicity, low cost, high reliability, and broad application prospects.</p> <p> </p>
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Lagerev, I. A., A. V. Lagerev y V. I. Tarichko. "Variants of the layout of the main technological equipment on the base chassis of mobile transport and reloading rope complexes and their comparative analysis". Nauchno-tekhnicheskiy vestnik Bryanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta 7, n.º 3 (25 de septiembre de 2021): 236–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22281/2413-9920-2021-07-03-236-250.
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Mobile ropeways formed by mobile transport and reloading rope complexes (terminal stations) on the basis of self-propelled wheeled chassis of high load capacity and cross-country ability are a promising type of transporting equipment for use in many branches of industrial production and maintenance – construction and mining industry, forestry and agriculture, elimination of the consequences of natural and man-made disasters, etc. The article develops a classification of self-propelled terminal stations based on such features as the location of the key element of the main technological equipment — the end tower of the rope system — on a wheeled chassis and the type of its fixation in the working position during the operation of the mobile ropeway. As promising variants of the structural design of mobile transport and technological rope complexes, options with an end, central and remote arrangement of the end tower; with hydraulic, rope, rope-hydraulic and rod types of fixing the end tower in the working position; with the installation of the end tower in the working position directly by a lifting hydraulic cylinder, using a folding rod and two-stage lifting are proposed. A brief description of the designs and the principle of operation of a large number of modifications of self-propelled terminal stations of various listed variants of the structural design of mobile rope complexes is given when preparing them for operation and during operation itself. A comparative analysis of the considered variants of mobile rope complexes is carried out on the basis of taking into account their main design and technical and economic characteristics, which made it possible to formulate both advantages and disadvantages of different design options.
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Li, Ling, Buting Zhang, Ping Zhu, Liangying Yu, Guangjin Zhao, Min Li y Hecen Wang. "Structure Optimization Research Based on Numerical Simulation of Flow Field in Ammonia-Based Wet Sintering Flue Gas Desulfurization". Energies 15, n.º 20 (20 de octubre de 2022): 7771. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207771.
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Although more and more desulfurization equipment has been put into use in sintering plants, how to effectively remove sulfur dioxide from sintering flue gas in a desulfurization tower is still a great challenge in China. The desulfurization tower, as a critical part, needs further improvement and optimization. Therefore, based on the numerical simulation of the flow field of the ammonia-based wet desulfurization tower for sintering flue gas, ANSYS CFX is applied to conduct structural optimization research. Comparing the flow field distribution under different structure conditions, the results show that the flue gas distribution of the dual inlet tower is more uniform than that of the single inlet tower. The designed baffle not only effectively blocks the entry of the spray slurry, but also improves the flue gas distribution; the deflector with its simple structure, convenient operation, and stepped distribution installed in the entrance section can improve the uniformity of the flow field distribution. Based on the comprehensive analysis, these optimized structures are recommended in the design of an ammonia-based wet sintering flue gas desulfurization tower. This work not only develops a simulation of the desulfurization tower but also provides practical structures.
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Du, Shanshan, Liangyun Liu, Xinjie Liu, Jian Guo, Jiaochan Hu, Shaoqiang Wang y Yongguang Zhang. "SIFSpec: Measuring Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Observations for Remote Sensing of Photosynthesis". Sensors 19, n.º 13 (8 de julio de 2019): 3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19133009.
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Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is regarded as a proxy for photosynthesis in terrestrial vegetation. Tower-based long-term observations of SIF are very important for gaining further insight into the ecosystem-specific seasonal dynamics of photosynthetic activity, including gross primary production (GPP). Here, we present the design and operation of the tower-based automated SIF measurement (SIFSpec) system. This system was developed with the aim of obtaining synchronous SIF observations and flux measurements across different terrestrial ecosystems, as well as to validate the increasing number of satellite SIF products using in situ measurements. Details of the system components, instrument installation, calibration, data collection, and processing are introduced. Atmospheric correction is also included in the data processing chain, which is important, but usually ignored for tower-based SIF measurements. Continuous measurements made across two growing cycles over maize at a Daman (DM) flux site (in Gansu province, China) demonstrate the reliable performance of SIF as an indicator for tracking the diurnal variations in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and seasonal variations in GPP. For the O2–A band in particular, a high correlation coefficient value of 0.81 is found between the SIF and seasonal variations of GPP. It is thus concluded that, in coordination with continuous eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements, automated and continuous SIF observations can provide a reliable approach for understanding the photosynthetic activity of the terrestrial ecosystem, and are also able to bridge the link between ground-based optical measurements and airborne or satellite remote sensing data.
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Park, Song-Kyu y Joon-Hyuk Chang. "Multi-TALK: Multi-Microphone Cross-Tower Network for Jointly Suppressing Acoustic Echo and Background Noise". Sensors 20, n.º 22 (13 de noviembre de 2020): 6493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226493.
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In this paper, we propose a multi-channel cross-tower with attention mechanisms in latent domain network (Multi-TALK) that suppresses both the acoustic echo and background noise. The proposed approach consists of the cross-tower network, a parallel encoder with an auxiliary encoder, and a decoder. For the multi-channel processing, a parallel encoder is used to extract latent features of each microphone, and the latent features including the spatial information are compressed by a 1D convolution operation. In addition, the latent features of the far-end are extracted by the auxiliary encoder, and they are effectively provided to the cross-tower network by using the attention mechanism. The cross tower network iteratively estimates the latent features of acoustic echo and background noise in each tower. To improve the performance at each iteration, the outputs of each tower are transmitted as the input for the next iteration of the neighboring tower. Before passing through the decoder, to estimate the near-end speech, attention mechanisms are further applied to remove the estimated acoustic echo and background noise from the compressed mixture to prevent speech distortion by over-suppression. Compared to the conventional algorithms, the proposed algorithm effectively suppresses the acoustic echo and background noise and significantly lowers the speech distortion.
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Aguilar-Jiménez, Jesús Armando, Nicolás Velázquez, Ricardo López-Zavala, Luis A. González-Uribe, Ricardo Beltrán y Luis Hernández-Callejo. "Simulation of a Solar-Assisted Air-Conditioning System Applied to a Remote School". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 16 (18 de agosto de 2019): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163398.
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In this work, we present an absorption cooling system with 35 kW capacity driven by solar thermal energy, installed in the school of Puertecitos, Mexico, an off-grid community with a high level of social marginalization. The cooling system provides thermal comfort to the school’s classrooms through four 8.75-kW cooling coils, while a 110-m2 field of evacuated tube solar collectors delivers the thermal energy needed to activate the cooling machine. The characteristics of the equipment installed in the school were used for simulation and operative analysis of the system under the influence of typical factors of an isolated coastal community, such as the influence of climate, thermal load, and water consumption in the cooling tower, among others. The aim of this simulation study was to determine the best operating conditions prior to system start-up, to establish the requirements for external heating and cooling services, and to quantify the freshwater requirements for the proper functioning of the system. The results show that, with the simulated strategies implemented, with a maximum load operation, the system can maintain thermal comfort in the classrooms for five days of classes. This is feasible as long as weekends are dedicated to raising the water temperature in the thermal storage tank. As the total capacity of the system is distributed in the four cooling coils, it is possible to control the cooling demand in order to extend the operation periods. Utilizing 75% or less of the cooling capacity, the system can operate continuously, taking advantage of stored energy. The cooling tower requires about 750 kg of water per day, which becomes critical given the scarcity of this resource in the community.
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Lee, Seul Gi, Eun Hee Kim y Byung Chol Ma. "Monitoring Chemical Accidents in Industrial Complexes Using Tower-Installed Infrared System for Remote Chemical Detection and Long-Range Video Surveillance System". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 3 (25 de enero de 2023): 1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13031544.
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Chemical industrial complexes are extensive, complex structures with large-scale chemical facilities where large quantities of various chemical substances are handled. Detection equipment must be installed in high locations to monitor these industrial complexes and detect chemical accidents from a distance. In previous studies, individual monitoring equipment was temporarily installed on the ground, on a rooftop, or on a vehicle to detect chemical accidents from a distance. In this study, however, the industrial complex chemical accident monitoring system was developed by combining different technologies and was installed on a tower. For the Yeosu National Industrial Complex (which functioned as a test bed), 70m-high steel towers were built. Additionally, an infrared system for remote chemical detection (SIGIS-2, Bruker) and a long-range video surveillance system (TORUSS-LR2000, Globalsystems) were installed at the top of steel towers to monitor the entire industrial complex. The target substances to be monitored in real time by the infrared system for remote chemical detection were selected, and the monitoring sections were classified to enable each piece of equipment to distinguish the scanned areas. To improve the accuracy of the detection results, the information about the actual handled substances and respective facilities of the sites in the industrial complex was inserted into the database of the system and then connected to the sections. During the three-month test operation, various chemical substances (including 1,3-butadiene, methanol, methylamine, ethyl acetate, ammonia, and vinyl chloride) were detected at each section in 20,034 cases, and the detection results were consistent with the inserted actual information. The accumulated detection data shows that the detection frequency of a specific chemical substance was high in each section. This can be used as a basis for modifying the threshold of the anomaly detection model, thereby improving the accuracy of the system. Therefore, this system can detect and evaluate the leakage of chemical substances and the occurrence of fires or smoke through large-scale scans 24 hours per day. Furthermore, it can be used for the early detection of and effective responses to chemical accidents in industrial complexes.
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Olofsson, P., F. Lagergren, A. Lindroth, J. Lindström, L. Klemedtsson y L. Eklundh. "Towards operational remote sensing of forest carbon balance across Northern Europe". Biogeosciences Discussions 4, n.º 5 (11 de septiembre de 2007): 3143–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-4-3143-2007.
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Abstract. Monthly averages of ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over Scandinavian forest sites were estimated using regression models driven by air temperature (AT), absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and vegetation indices. The models were constructed and evaluated using satellite data from Terra/MODIS and measured data collected at seven flux tower sites in northern Europe. Data used for model construction was excluded from the evaluation. Relationships between ground measured variables and the independent variables were investigated. It was found that the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) at 250 m resolution was highly noisy for the coniferous sites, and hence, 1 km EVI was used for the analysis. Linear relationships between EVI and the biophysical variables were found for both coniferous and deciduous data: correlation coefficients ranged from 0.91 to 0.79, and 0.85 to 0.67, respectively. Due to saturation, there were no linear relationships between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ground measured parameters found at any site. APAR correlated better with the parameters in question than the vegetation indices. Modeled GPP and ER were in good agreement with measured values, with more than 90% of the variation in measured GPP and ER being explained by the coniferous models. The site-specific respiration rate at 10°C (R10) was needed for describing the ER variation between sites. Even though monthly NEE was modeled with less accuracy than GPP, 61% and 75% (dec. and con., respectively) of the variation in the measured time series was explained by the model. These results are important for moving towards operational remote sensing of forest carbon balance across Northern Europe.
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Olofsson, P., F. Lagergren, A. Lindroth, J. Lindström, L. Klemedtsson, W. Kutsch y L. Eklundh. "Towards operational remote sensing of forest carbon balance across Northern Europe". Biogeosciences 5, n.º 3 (19 de mayo de 2008): 817–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-817-2008.
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Abstract. Monthly averages of ecosystem respiration (ER), gross primary production (GPP) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) over Scandinavian forest sites were estimated using regression models driven by air temperature (AT), absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (APAR) and vegetation indices. The models were constructed and evaluated using satellite data from Terra/MODIS and measured data collected at seven flux tower sites in northern Europe. Data used for model construction was excluded from the evaluation. Relationships between ground measured variables and the independent variables were investigated. It was found that the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) at 250 m resolution was highly noisy for the coniferous sites, and hence, 1 km EVI was used for the analysis. Linear relationships between EVI and the biophysical variables were found: correlation coefficients between EVI and GPP, NEE, and AT ranged from 0.90 to 0.79 for the deciduous data, and from 0.85 to 0.67 for the coniferous data. Due to saturation, there were no linear relationships between normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the ground measured parameters found at any site. APAR correlated better with the parameters in question than the vegetation indices. Modeled GPP and ER were in good agreement with measured values, with more than 90% of the variation in measured GPP and ER being explained by the coniferous models. The site-specific respiration rate at 10°C (R10) was needed for describing the ER variation between sites. Even though monthly NEE was modeled with less accuracy than GPP, 61% and 75% (dec. and con., respectively) of the variation in the measured time series was explained by the model. These results are important for moving towards operational remote sensing of forest carbon balance across Northern Europe.
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Metzger, Stefan, Edward Ayres, David Durden, Christopher Florian, Robert Lee, Claire Lunch, Hongyan Luo et al. "From NEON Field Sites to Data Portal: A Community Resource for Surface–Atmosphere Research Comes Online". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2019): 2305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-17-0307.1.
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AbstractThe National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) is a multidecadal and continental-scale observatory with sites across the United States. Having entered its operational phase in 2018, NEON data products, software, and services become available to facilitate research on the impacts of climate change, land-use change, and invasive species. An essential component of NEON are its 47 tower sites, where eddy-covariance (EC) sensors are operated to determine the surface–atmosphere exchange of momentum, heat, water, and CO2. EC tower networks such as AmeriFlux, the Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS), and NEON are vital for providing the distributed observations to address interactions at the soil–vegetation–atmosphere interface. NEON represents the largest single-provider EC network globally, with standardized observations and data processing explicitly designed for intersite comparability and analysis of feedbacks across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Furthermore, EC is tightly integrated with soil, meteorology, atmospheric chemistry, isotope, phenology, and rich contextual observations such as airborne remote sensing and in situ sampling bouts. Here, we present an overview of NEON’s observational design, field operation, and data processing that yield community resources for the study of surface–atmosphere interactions. Near-real-time data products become available from the NEON Data Portal, and EC and meteorological data are ingested into AmeriFlux and FLUXNET globally harmonized data releases. Open-source software for reproducible, extensible, and portable data analysis includes the eddy4R family of R packages underlying the EC data product generation. These resources strive to integrate with existing infrastructures and networks, to suggest novel systemic solutions, and to synergize ongoing research efforts across science communities.
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Ho Kim, Yong y Hui IL Chang. "Development of mobile control system for lighting tower in golf courses". International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, n.º 2.12 (3 de abril de 2018): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.12.11273.
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Background/Objectives: It is a common for existing golf courses to manage all lighting facilities in batches because it is hard to controllighting individually. That is very much part of the golf courses and forces the whole golf course to light on even though play was finished due to the difficulty of real time checking situationMethods/Statistical analysis: Lighting control device and method in this study are provided not only to control remotely individual lighting installed each hole in golf course but to inspect failure of lighting. There is no longer to stay golf course in person to control lighting system.Findings:Lighting control device and method to be able to control individual lighting installed each hole in golf course is provided to response for the problem in a waste of electricity after playing. User device makes it possible to remotely control lighting and inspect failure of itImprovements/Applications: It can expect to reduce golf course operation management cost by building a smart tower remote control system
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Wildmann, N., M. Hofsäß, F. Weimer, A. Joos y J. Bange. "MASC – a small Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) for wind energy research". Advances in Science and Research 11, n.º 1 (27 de mayo de 2014): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-11-55-2014.
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Abstract. Originally designed for atmospheric boundary layer research, the MASC (Multipurpose Airborne Sensor Carrier) RPA (Remotely Piloted Aircraft, also known as Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV) is capable of making in-situ measurements of temperature, humidity and wind in high resolution and precision. The autopilot system ROCS (Research Onboard Computer System) enables the aircraft to fly pre-defined routes between waypoints at constant altitude and airspeed. The system manages to operate in wind speeds up to 15 m s−1 safely. It is shown that a MASC can fly as close as one rotor diameter upstream and downstream of running wind turbines at these wind speeds and take valuable data of incoming flow and wake. The flexible operation of an RPA at the size of a MASC can be a major advantage of the system compared to tower measurements and remote sensing in wind energy research. In the project "Lidar Complex" comparisons of RPA measurements with lidar systems and tower measurements are carried out at two different test sites. First results, including turbulence and wake measurements, from a campaign in autumn 2013 are presented.
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Kao, C. Y., K. H. Yang, S. C. Tang y Luh Maan Chang. "Adapting Optimal Operation Strategy for the Chiller Plant of a Semiconductor FAB". Applied Mechanics and Materials 302 (febrero de 2013): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.302.511.
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In a semi-conductor FAB, the chiller plant is a major drain of power among the supporting facilities. According to ISMI, the air-conditioning system consumes a quarter of the total electricity supply of a semi-conductor Fab, even more for some older Fabs. Thus, cutting down the power consumption of the chiller plant becomes extremely important to save energy. Therefore, a study was made to achieve 3% power reduction for the chiller plant. The purpose of this paper is to report the strategies used for the power reduction through testing, adjusting and balancing, and TAB. The strategies included: development of an experimental model for the chillers’ performance, the establishment of energy-efficient operational strategies, the enhancement of cooling tower energy efficiency, and conducting a full-scale experimental investigation. The development of this experimental model utilizes the ASHRAE Guideline 14-2002 as a tool, and is integrated with the BEMS system to perform a remote real time online energy auditing system, within which an intelligent operational strategy has been implemented.
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Pinto, Luis Ramos y Luis Almeida. "Optimal Relay Network for Aerial Remote Inspections". Sensors 22, n.º 4 (11 de febrero de 2022): 1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041391.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), in particular multirotors, are becoming the de facto tool for aerial sensing and remote inspection. In large industrial facilities, a UAV can transmit an online video stream to inspect difficult-to-access structures, such as chimneys, deposits, and towers. However, the communication range is limited, constraining the UAV operation range. This limitation can be overcome with relaying UAVs placed between the source UAV and the control station, creating a line of communication links. In this work, we assume the use of a digital data packet network technology, namely WiFi, and tackle the problem of defining the exact placement for the relaying UAVs that creates an end-to-end channel with maximal delivery of data packets. We consider asymmetric communication links and we show an increase as large as 15% in end-to-end packet delivery ratio when compared to an equidistant placement. We also discuss the deployment of such a network and propose a fully distributed method that converges to the global optimal relay positions taking, on average, 1.4 times the time taken by a centralized method.
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Fazylova, Alina. "CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE WIND TURBINE ROTOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR". Вестник КазАТК 118, n.º 3 (17 de septiembre de 2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2021-118-3-141-149.
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Today, all the processes associated with technology, mainly operate in autonomous modes, so devices such as a temperature sensor are a must. Since technical progress is taking place in industry and production by leaps and bounds, all equipment most often used in various kinds of processes and work has an automatic principle of operation [1]
However, for productive work, albeit automated units, it is necessary to comply with all the exact indicators at which the device's performance will be the highest. These indicators include values, namely the required, more precisely, the working pressure, speed, and temperature. To prevent rapid wear and overload of automated equipment, the temperature level must be measured. Of course, this is not done with a simple thermometer or thermometer. For these purposes, special devices are used, such as temperature sensors. Wind power is one of the most important renewable energy solutions. As a rule, wind farms are located far from civilization, in remote regions - in hilly areas, on the sea coast [2]. These types of terrain are chosen because wind energy becomes profitable only under conditions that allow obtaining the maximum amount of wind throughout the year. However, the harsher environment calls for more sophisticated wind turbines, usually consisting of towers, blades, hubs and nacelles. To ensure control over all parts of the wind turbine, companies install controllers near the tower. A wind generator controller, like a PLC, is the brain of any wind generator, providing control over the system as a whole, the ability to generate reports and monitoring. The generator must be controlled and programmed; without a controller, it couldn't work correctly. For this reason, the controllers must be connected to a single system for remote monitoring, power generation reporting, parameter monitoring and diagnostic maintenance [3].This article provides an algorithm for calculating a temperature sensor for its correct selection for a wind generator system, which will subsequently be used for a temperature control system in a generator system.
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Fazylova, Alina. "CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE WIND TURBINE ROTOR TEMPERATURE SENSOR". Вестник КазАТК 118, n.º 3 (17 de septiembre de 2021): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2021-118-3-141-149.
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Today, all the processes associated with technology, mainly operate in autonomous modes, so devices such as a temperature sensor are a must. Since technical progress is taking place in industry and production by leaps and bounds, all equipment most often used in various kinds of processes and work has an automatic principle of operation [1]
However, for productive work, albeit automated units, it is necessary to comply with all the exact indicators at which the device's performance will be the highest. These indicators include values, namely the required, more precisely, the working pressure, speed, and temperature. To prevent rapid wear and overload of automated equipment, the temperature level must be measured. Of course, this is not done with a simple thermometer or thermometer. For these purposes, special devices are used, such as temperature sensors. Wind power is one of the most important renewable energy solutions. As a rule, wind farms are located far from civilization, in remote regions - in hilly areas, on the sea coast [2]. These types of terrain are chosen because wind energy becomes profitable only under conditions that allow obtaining the maximum amount of wind throughout the year. However, the harsher environment calls for more sophisticated wind turbines, usually consisting of towers, blades, hubs and nacelles. To ensure control over all parts of the wind turbine, companies install controllers near the tower. A wind generator controller, like a PLC, is the brain of any wind generator, providing control over the system as a whole, the ability to generate reports and monitoring. The generator must be controlled and programmed; without a controller, it couldn't work correctly. For this reason, the controllers must be connected to a single system for remote monitoring, power generation reporting, parameter monitoring and diagnostic maintenance [3].This article provides an algorithm for calculating a temperature sensor for its correct selection for a wind generator system, which will subsequently be used for a temperature control system in a generator system.
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de Moustier, C. "Approaches to Acoustic Backscattering Measurements From the Deep Seafloor". Journal of Energy Resources Technology 110, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 1988): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231369.
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Because the average ocean depth is four kilometers, seafloor investigations are mostly remote sensing operations. The primary means to determine the morphology, the structure, and the texture of the seafloor are acoustic. This paper considers the current seafloor remote sensing approaches involving acoustic backscattering. The physical constraints imposed by the ocean as a propagation medium, by the seafloor as a backscattering boundary, and by the measuring instruments are briefly reviewed. The sonar systems currently used by the oceanographic community for deep seafloor acoustic backscattering measurements deal with these constraints differently, depending on their specific application and on whether they are towed behind a ship or mounted on her hull. Towed sidescan systems such as Gloria II (U.K.), the Sea Mapping and Remote Characterization (Sea MARC) I and II, the Deep Tow system of the Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), and hull-mounted systems, such as Swathmap all give a qualitative measure of backscattering by converting echo amplitudes to gray levels to produce a sidescan image of the seafloor. A new approach is presented which uses a Sea Beam multibeam echo-sounder to produce similar acoustic images. Quantitative measurements of backscattering have been attempted in recent experiments using the Deep Tow system and Sea Beam. Such measurements provide some insight into the geological processes responsible for the acoustic backscatter, with useful applications for geologists as well as designers and operators of bottom-interacting sonars.
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Carrasco, Bryan, Edward Ávila, Alfredo Viloria y Marvin Ricaurte. "Shrinking-Core Model Integrating to the Fluid-Dynamic Analysis of Fixed-Bed Adsorption Towers for H2S Removal from Natural Gas". Energies 14, n.º 17 (6 de septiembre de 2021): 5576. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175576.
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Natural gas sweetening is an essential process within hydrocarbon processing operations, enabling compliance with product quality specifications, avoiding corrosion problems, and enabling environmental care. This process aims to remove hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide, or both contaminants. It can be carried out in fixed-bed adsorption towers, where iron oxide-based solid sorbent reacts with the H2S to produce iron sulfides. This study is set out to develop a fluid-dynamic model that allows calculating the pressure drop in the H2S adsorption towers with the novelty to integrate reactivity aspects, through an iron sulfide layer formation on the solid particles’ external skin. As a result of the layer formation, changes in the particle diameter and the bed void fraction of the solid sorbent tend to increase the pressure drop. The shrinking-core model and the H2S adsorption front variation in time support the model development. Experimental data on pressure drop at the laboratory scale and industrial scale allowed validating the proposed model. Moreover, the model estimates the bed replacement frequency, i.e., the time required to saturate the fixed bed, requiring its replacement or regeneration. The model can be used to design and formulate new solid sorbents, analyze adsorption towers already installed, and help maintenance-planning operations.
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Popoola, Ademola Alabi, J. O. Bello, G. G. Ezeoke, K. T. Adeshina y A. Fadimu. "Concealed Enterovesical Fistula Associated with Forgotten Intra-Abdominal Haemostat and Intravesical Towel". Case Reports in Urology 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/723592.
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Introduction.Enterovesical fistula is rare and is often caused by bowel inflammatory diseases and tumours in the urinary bladder or the intestine with local infiltration of bowel or bladder, respectively. The fistula usually presents with lower urinary tract symptoms, pneumaturia, and faecaluria or with food particles in the urine. Intra-abdominal retained surgical foreign bodies have also been reported as causes.Case Presentation.A case of atypical presentation in a woman with enterovesical fistula following abdominal hysterectomy. Investigations confirmed the presence of surgical towel in the urinary bladder and a pair of artery forceps in the abdomen. The towel was removed at cystoscopy after which she presented with food particles in the urine. She later had laparatomy to remove the haemostat and to repair the fistula.Discussion.A typical presentation of enterovesical fistula delayed the diagnosis and treatment in this patient.Conclusion.Managing patients with recurrent urinary tract infection after abdominal operation should include appropriate imaging of the abdomen with emphasis on pelvic organs. Also, surgical operation should always be given the best shot the first time and strict operation room standards and guidelines should always be followed.
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Cao, Wensheng, Jianzhuang Xu y Christoph Bluth. "Application analysis of layered pressure swing adsorption method for offshore floating natural gas purification". Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 22, n.º 2 (28 de marzo de 2022): 563–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jcm-215806.
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In view of the particularity of offshore operations, a new layered pressure swing adsorption (PSA) method for natural gas purification was proposed. CH4 is enriched in the three-component CH4/CO2/N2 crude mixed gas. The pressure swing adsorption process is based on the traditional method. The adsorption bed is divided into two layers, which are the first layer with activated carbon as the adsorbent to remove CO2 impurities, and the second layer with molecular sieve as adsorbent to remove N2 impurities. The process of PSA was simulated by Aspen Adsorption software. The simulation results show that after the process of double layered PSA, the purity of the product gas CH4 reached 98.7%, and the recovery rate of gas production was 89%. The concentration of CO2 was successfully reduced to 0.23% in the activated carbon layer, and the concentration of N2 was reduced to 1.2% in the molecular sieve layer of the first Tower.
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Hernández-Romero, Eulalia, Billy Josefsson, Anastasia Lemetti, Tatiana Polishchuk y Christiane Schmidt. "Integrating weather impact in air traffic controller shift scheduling in remote and conventional towers". EURO Journal on Transportation and Logistics 11 (2022): 100076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtl.2022.100076.
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Dias, Isabelli N., Ana C. Cerqueira, Geraldo L. Sant'Anna y Marcia Dezotti. "Oil refinery wastewater treatment in biofilm reactor followed by sand filtration aiming water reuse". Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 2, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2012): 84–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2012.022.
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Oil refinery wastewater was sequentially treated in a moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and a slow-rate sand filter (SF) in order to obtain an effluent with adequate characteristics for downstream reverse osmosis (RO) operation. Experiments were conducted in bench scale units and the results showed that the MBBR was able to remove 90% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 75% NH4+, 95% phenols, operating with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9 h. Additional removal of COD (15–40%) and ammonia (30–60%) was achieved in the slow-rate SF that was also effective for removing microorganisms. The silt density index (SDI) of the treated wastewater (4.5) was below the maximum limit recommended for RO operation. The quality of the effluent from the combined treatment system (MBBR+SF) was already adequate for cooling tower make-up. The RO produced an effluent with quality compatible with that required for use in boilers.
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Marshall, M., K. Tu, C. Funk, J. Michaelsen, P. Williams, C. Williams, J. Ardö et al. "Improving operational land surface model canopy evapotranspiration in Africa using a direct remote sensing approach". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, n.º 3 (12 de marzo de 2013): 1079–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1079-2013.
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Abstract. Climate change is expected to have the greatest impact on the world's economically poor. In the Sahel, a climatically sensitive region where rain-fed agriculture is the primary livelihood, expected decreases in water supply will increase food insecurity. Studies on climate change and the intensification of the water cycle in sub-Saharan Africa are few. This is due in part to poor calibration of modeled evapotranspiration (ET), a key input in continental-scale hydrologic models. In this study, a remote sensing model of transpiration (the primary component of ET), driven by a time series of vegetation indices, was used to substitute transpiration from the Global Land Data Assimilation System realization of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Oregon State University, Air Force, and Hydrology Research Laboratory at National Weather Service Land Surface Model (GNOAH) to improve total ET model estimates for monitoring purposes in sub-Saharan Africa. The performance of the hybrid model was compared against GNOAH ET and the remote sensing method using eight eddy flux towers representing major biomes of sub-Saharan Africa. The greatest improvements in model performance were at humid sites with dense vegetation, while performance at semi-arid sites was poor, but better than the models before hybridization. The reduction in errors using the hybrid model can be attributed to the integration of a simple canopy scheme that depends primarily on low bias surface climate reanalysis data and is driven primarily by a time series of vegetation indices.
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S. Ha, Wonsook, George R. Diak y Witold F. Krajewski. "Estimating Near Real-Time Hourly Evapotranspiration Using Numerical Weather Prediction Model Output and GOES Remote Sensing Data in Iowa". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 14 (21 de julio de 2020): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142337.
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This study evaluates the applicability of numerical weather prediction output supplemented with remote sensing data for near real-time operational estimation of hourly evapotranspiration (ET). Rapid Refresh (RAP) and High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) systems were selected to provide forcing data for a Penman-Monteith model to calculate the Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) over Iowa. To investigate how the satellite-based remotely sensed net radiation ( R n ) estimates might potentially improve AET estimates, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite derived R n (GOES- R n ) data were incorporated into each dataset for comparison with the RAP and HRRR R n -based AET evaluations. The authors formulated a total of four AET models—RAP, HRRR, RAP-GOES, HRRR-GOES, and validated the respective ET estimates against two eddy covariance tower measurements from central Iowa. The implementation of HRRR-GOES for AET estimates showed the best results among the four models. The HRRR-GOES model improved statistical results, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.8, a root mean square error (mm hr−1) of 0.08, and a mean bias (mm hr−1) of 0.02 while the HRRR only model results were 0.64, 0.09, and 0.04, respectively. Despite limited in situ observational data to fully test a proposed AET estimation, the HRRR-GOES model clearly showed potential utility as a tool to predict AET at a regional scale with high spatio-temporal resolution.
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Hao, Wang Shen, Xin Min Dong, Jie Han y Ling Jun Li. "Study on Remote Condition Monitoring Platform in Wind Energy Conversion Systems Based on AJAX Technology". Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (julio de 2011): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1362.
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There is a constant need for the reduction of operational and maintenance costs of Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The most efficient way of reducing these costs would be to continuously monitor the condition of these systems, which allows for early detection of the degeneration of the generator health, facilitating a proactive response, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity. Wind generators are also inaccessible since they are situated on extremely high towers, which are usually 70m more in height. There are also plans to increase the number of offshore sites increasing the need for a remote means of WECS monitoring that overcomes some of the difficulties of accessibility problems. Therefore it is important of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in WECS. A monitoring scheme of transfer its monitor status with AJAX technology was put forwords in this paper. A remote condition monitoring platform (RCMP) was designed and constructed in this project. And its result brings us an effective solution to deal with the WECS condition monitoring.
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Kirincich, Anthony. "Toward Real-Time, Remote Observations of the Coastal Wind Resource Using High-Frequency Radar". Marine Technology Society Journal 47, n.º 4 (1 de julio de 2013): 206–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.47.4.22.
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AbstractThere is now a large installed base of high-frequency (HF) coastal ocean radars in the United States able to measure surface currents on an operational basis. However, these instruments also have the potential to provide estimates of the spatially variable surface wind field over distances ranging from 10 to 200 km offshore. This study investigates the ability of direction-finding HF radars to recover spatial maps of wind speed and direction from the dominant first-order region radar returns using empirical models. Observations of radar backscatter from the Martha’s Vineyard Coastal Observatory HF radar system were compared to wind observations from an offshore tower, finding significant correlations between wind speed and the backscatter power for a range of angles between the wind and radar loop directions. Models for the directional spreading of wind waves were analyzed in comparison to data-based results, finding potentially significant differences between the model and data-based spreading relationships. Using empirical fits, radar-based estimates of wind speed and direction at the location of the in situ wind sensor had error rates of 2 m/s and 60°, which decreased with hourly averaging. Attempts to extrapolate the results to the larger domain illustrated that spatially dependent transfer functions for wind speed and direction appear possible for large coastal ocean domains based on a small number of temporary, or potentially mobile, in situ wind sensors.