Tesis sobre el tema "Religion et politique – Iran – 2000-"
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Kalantari, Sara. "Le rituel chiite de ‘Āshūrā dans la région du Kurdistan iranien : vers un idéal d'unification politique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 10, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA100108.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the study of the Shiite ritual of ‘Āshūrā in the region of Iranian Kurdistan. Every year in the month of Muḥarram, Shiites around the world, including Iran, commemorate the martyrdom of their third Imam, Ḥusayn, with a series of rituals that take place over ten days. The ‘Āshūrā ceremonies can be studied in two main categories: street processions; closed space meetings. These ceremonies are organized by coordinated groups of men and women gathered in the hay’at. A hay’at is indeed a non-profit organization founded by one or more individuals to facilitate the gathering of a number of faithful during religious ceremonies such as those of ‘Āshūrā.Through a detailed ethnography of numerous hay’ats in two Iranian Kurdish towns, Sanandaj and Kermanshah, I studied the organization and conduct of ‘Āshūrā ceremonies in these two regional capitals. A comparative approach allowed me to establish a general typology of hay'ats classifying them into three categories: traditional, revolutionary and neo-revolutionary. Through an ethnomusicological study of the religious chants of nawḥah, I paid particular attention to the socio-political issues that are put forward in the ceremonies of revolutionary and neo-revolutionary hay'ats. I thus demonstrate how the nawḥahs are mobilized within these hay’ats in order to achieve political unification beyond ethnolinguistic and confessional diversity
Dargahi, Malellou Esmaeil. "L’espace public à Téhéran : analyse comparée de trois quartiers (ancien, moderne et informel)". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20013/document.
Texto completoThe problematic that guides this research is as follows: what are the main dimensions of the public space in Iran and what are the variations of this public space between old, modern and informal neighborhoods in Tehran? In order to compare the characters of the public spaces, we chose the 3 types of old neighborhood (Bazar), modern (Shahrak-e-Gharb) and informal (Khak Sefid) present in Tehran. Examination according to the method presented (documents, personal observations, questionnaires and interviews), allowed us to conclude that the answers obtained from this work confirm that the Bazar district is characterized by important interactions, because of its commercial and religious influence, despite its antiquated structure. The modern district of Shahrak-e-Gharb provides functionality for planned public spaces, but the omnipresence of the automobile and the lack of superior functions limit the exchanges on a neighborhood scale. Finally, despite the lack of developed spaces, the informal Khak Sefid neighborhood is not devoid of social interaction. The challenges of planning public spaces therefore necessarily differ according to their specific physical, economic and socio-cultural characteristics that we have tried to highlight in this thesis
Baghali, Hawzhin. "Un salafisme kurde? Sunnisme protestataire et jihadisme en Iran, depuis 2001". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0006.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes to uncover the emergence and transformation of Kurdish Salafismthrough a historical sociology of discursive practices, with a particular interest in thechanges of the last two decades against the political background of the Islamic Republic ofIran. The author has been analysing the dynamics of the generational cleavage that emergedat the turn of the 21st century between an ‘old people's Islam’, predominantly Sufi, inherited from modern history, and an ‘Islam of the young’ often identified with Salafism. In an attempt to understand the reasons for this rupture, this study examines the socioeconomic and political contexts of two decades rich in facts and events (from the geopolitical aftermath of September 11 to the rise of social networks) that have deeply affected the interrelationships between political and religious spaces. In particular, it focuses on the production of new spaces in Kurdish society by a diversity of political and confessional actors.The survey is based on a variety of primary textual sources, on the activity ofKurdish Islamists on the Internet and in social networks, as well as on interviews withmembers of five distinct groups in Iran and Iraq: the Maktab-e Qor'an and the IranianSociety for Preaching and Reform, both of Muslim-Brother inspiration, the Yekgrtou Islamî,the Komeley Islamî and Kurdish jihadist Salafists of Iran, as well as with masters anddisciples of the historic Sufi Paths of the Qadiriyya and the Naqshbandiyya, all in elevendifferent locations in the Kurdish-majority districts of Iran and Iraq.Among the suggested conclusions: the importance of the impacts that the successivetransformations of the Iranian state, and more generally Middle Eastern modernities, havehad on the gradual transformation of the Kurdish religious field since the end of the Qajarperiod to the present – in particular on the emergence of movements claiming bothrationalisation and empowerment in relation to global society (an effort perceptible fromthe Maktab-e Qor'an in the late 1970s to a variety of current Salafisms). What is alsonoticeable – from the viewpoint of the gendered distribution of roles within thesemovements, especially – is a great continuity of authoritarian discourses, nourished by alegacy of coercion. Finally, the author insists on the need to take into account the complex and dynamic nature of the interrelationships between, on the one hand, the Islamists of a former tribal march of Iran, heirs, too, of the Kurdish nationalism developed in the second half of the 20th century, and, on the other hand, a Persian and Shiite Islamic Republic often tempted, over the course of forty years of history, to utilise to its profit confessional dissidence
Fakouhi, Nasser. "La conception de la politique dans le mazdéisme sassanide". Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA08A015.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to present and to analyse the political concept in the sassanian era relying on religious texts and through an anthropological approach. We try to shape a political system made of several elements : 1e : god as source of politics ; 2e : world as place, time and means of politics ; 3e : man as the maker of politics ; 4e : religion as politics itself ; 5e : resurrectiion as aim of politics. These elements constitute a divine whole and have to face a devilish whole. The evolution of the idea of god is analysed in 3 steps : polytheist, henotheist and dualist. The evolution of the world is a political struggle against the devil in to which must participate every being. The main protagonist of this fight is the man. The essence of political concept should be found out in the purification process namely in the elimination of "state of mixture" between god's creation and devil's anti-creation. The final result of purification is the achievement of a political ideal : resurrection. The purification touches its very top by the ordeal of melted metal which symbolizes the sacred union of human political power(metal) and the divin power(fire). Moreover, the destruction of the archetype of evil king is the sign of the end of develish whole as well as all the other features of "state of mixture". And this renders the political system useless. In another part we have analysed the manicheism and the mazdakism both as 2 "theoretical" alternatives to the political system and a sort of acceleration and radicalization of the mazdian concepts in 2 steps, a passive and an active one. In the last part of this work, we have analysed the relations between mazdeism, bouddhism, judaism, christianism and especially islam with which a new ideological synthesis will be generated
Arminjon, Hachem Constance. "L'exercice de l'autorité dans le chisme duodécimain contemporain : doctrines et institutions". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0033.
Texto completoIf pluralism was always inherent in shi'ite religious authority, it has taken a new form since the establishment of a clerical government in Iran in 1979. The institution of the "Guardianship of the Jurist (velâyat-e faqih) after the Islamic Revolution has brought about an unprecedented blossoming of political thought as weil as the diversification of religious functions within Shi'ism. Despite the power of the Iranian valî-e faqîh, the persistent plurality and multipolarity of the marâji' have revealed an irreducible dualism of authority functions, and indeed the bipolarization of religious authority. In fact, both religious institutions (the velâyat-e faqîh and the marja 'iy'ya) assume distinctive ways of adaptation to modernity. The religious aspect of the state institution of velâyat-e faqih mainly consists in the religious purpose of the governance and in the status of the leader, a religious jurist. Thus it can adapt to political modernity. On the other hand due to its inherent pluralism and to its informal mode of guidance, the marja'iy'ya seems able to meet the needs religious modernity. Thus the shi'ite religious institutions testify the high dynamism and pluralism in the tradition. Besides, a current trend among the clerics in Iran tends to renew the whole field of authority through new conceptions of religion itself
Naghibzadeh, Ahmad. "L'évolution politico-religieuse en Iran pendant la première moitié du dix-neuvième siècle". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100285.
Texto completoOskouie, Mana. "Etat, Religion et société en Iran au XXe siècle : origines et impacts des Révolutions constitutionnelle de 1906/07 et islamique de 1979". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2040.
Texto completoThe exsisting history of Iran is noticeable regarding to two revolutions witch mystified the relation among the State, the religion and the society. The objective of this research is to analyze the evolution oh these reports under the impact of the constitutional Revolution of 1906/1907 and the islamic Revolution of 1979. It shoud be emphasized that all these changes effected the economyof Iran. The constitutional revolution of 1906/1907 was the result of the evolutions witch were at the origin of the conflicts between the modernistic ones and forces attached to the old order.It turnes over the strength in favour as of currents and of the actors working for the entry of Iran into modernity. Between the constitutional Revolution and the islamic Revolution, the forces underwent important modifications witch have, in turn, supported the three poles of the power : monarchy and its court, cleargy and elites modernistic. The Reza Shah’s rise to power broke the balance based on the Constitution in favour of monarchy to the detriment of the religious pole while being based on the modernistic elites. The invasion of Iran by the allies and the forced exile of Reza Shah contributed to the rise of the hostile nationalist feelings in the Occident. Nationalisation of the oil resources by Mossadegh government made this evolution won over this nationalism carried by an Iranian company. Later, the company and the religion met to dispute the authoritative and repressive State of Pahlavi.These dynamics lead to the Revolution of 1979 and give the country a new political regime, reflecting the struggle between the actors of this second revolution the country faced the constitutional Revolution after 72 years. The islamic Revolution of 1979 was the principal consequence of the passage of « authoritative nationalism »incarnated by Reza Shah Pahlavi with a « liberal nationalism » carried by Dr Mossadegh, and with the « religious nationalism » which is represented by Ayatollah khoneini
Bakir, Mustapha. "Laïcité et religion en Tunisie". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC030/document.
Texto completoThis thesis relates to the problems of secularity and religion to Tunisia. The stake is to study these two concepts in a new ground : Tunisia. This study rises from independence until the revolution.In the first left, the thesis concentrates on the genesis of the concept of secularity, its originality and the specificity of the Tunisian policy. This part constitutes first cross between the political power and religious.In the second part, the thesis concentrates on the Tunisian society. It focuses hard tearing between the adhesion of the movement reformist forced by Bourguiba and the Islamism represented by the movement of the Islamic Tendency. This part will be an opportunity to explore new social space. A new social architecture will be drawn, between female warping and the blooming of the religiosity.In the last part, we are accentuated on the excitement of the contemporary Tunisian thought in front of the choice between appropriation and adaptation to the secularism. The initial question in this part is doubly ambiguous. how does the Islamic company lay out the questions which disturbs it? Religious freedom, apostasy, wine, testimony : concepts subjected to endless debates. How can we interpret the delay of the Muslim company? The studies of Charfi and Talbi give us some tracks of thought. A new feminine generation will be present in Tunisia. It will be time to discover how the female thought occupies it the cultural scene in Tunisia. This thesis tries to answer if secularity is the cause of the crisis of the Tunisian society or the solution
Labidi, Salma. "La question palestinienne dans le debat politique et intellectuel en Israël (1967-2000)". Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030039.
Texto completoThe objective of our thesis is to analyse the nature of the Israeli approach in the Palestinian question and to define the factors which have determined its evolution. The examination of the Palestinian question through the Israeli parliamentary and extra-parliamentary political debate, in the first part of our thesis, has allowed us to reveal the ideological foundations of the approach of each camp: the right as well as the left. This analysis has highlighted several characteristics of the Israeli political system such as the interaction politics/religion and politics/military which defined the Palestinian policy of Israel. Our historical approach to this question has allowed us to return to the distant origins of the political regression of the left and the progress of the right. The context of the Second Intifada was accelerating this process. In the second part our thesis concerns the analysis the intellectual debate in Israel. The Israeli consensus around the Palestinian question which has prevailed during the Second Intifada and triumph of politically right wing ideas made us question the strength of the peace in Israel. While analyzing the intellectual left debate we looked for an alternative approach to that of the right. At first we approached the Israeli academic debate. Particular attention was granted to the Post-Zionist current witch break with the official Zionist approach. The examination of what influences this current opinion allowed us to measure the contribution but also the limits of the Post-Zionism debate with regard to the Palestinian question. In this thesis we are also interested in the reactions of the Israeli pacifist intelligentsia in the context of the Second Intifada. This examination allowed us to highlight the phenomena of the drive to the political right wing and the hardening of Israeli intellectual opinion. These Two alarming phenomena have made some critical intellectuals react and it is to them that we dedicate the last chapter of our thesis
Bayat, Mahboubeh. "Le courant intellectuel en Iran des années 1990 à nos jours : Les débats sur l’Etat et la religion". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20134.
Texto completoThe Iranian intellectual has been always an important part of civil society. Since 1990, this intellectual field with conflicting voices, rising against islamization of society which has been enforced by political power. This intellectual stream is constituted of different groups bend over study of potentiality of establishment of democratic Iranian Nation-State. This study examines various spheres which crossing the actual Iranian intellectual domain and deliberates over four important categories: religious intellectual, philosophical circle, historians and political sociologists. All these thinkers conjointly consider the risk of politization of religion and the sacralization of politics. Their reflections are constructed around a common axe of two notions “State” and “religion”, which reveal the crucial question of change in political system. Through this approach which puts in a parallel direction different discourses and arguments beside each other, this study looks into the relations between the intellectual field and the other units of civil society. The ambition of this research is offering a theoretical panorama on present problematic of intellectual society with probing their strategies
Aubin-Boltanski, Emma. "Prophètes, héros et ancêtres : les pélerinages musulmans de Nabî Mûsâ et de Nabî Sâlih dans la construction nationale palestinienne (1997-2000)". Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0084.
Texto completoBetween 1997 and 2000, the Palestinian territories saw a fragile state building process. The outbreak of the Intifada al-Aqsa brought it to a brutal end. During this period of time, the Palestinian Authority was closely involved in the organisation of the Muslim pilgrimages of Nabî Mûsâ and Nabî Sâlih. During these two religious festivals, worshippers create intimate ties with the prophets and with God. They are also occasions for national glorification. In a context where the cult of the saints is commonly condemned by official Islam, the tradition to perform pilgrimage on prophets’ tombs was reinterpreted and reinvented. According to a recent myth, which emerged in the 1920s, Salâh Al-Dîn, the victor of the Crusaders in 1187, decided to create the mawsim-s. By the means of this heroic figure, the pilgrimage becomes a patriotic act. However, the sanctuaries remain devotional centres where the worshippers go to seek the saints’ comfort and assistance. The articulation between, on the one hand, political and religious objectives and, on the other hand, collective celebration and individual devotions constitutes the general problematic of this work
Nocetti, Julien. "La Russie de Vladimir Poutine au Moyen-Orient : analyses d'une ambition de "retour" (2000-2013)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCF007.
Texto completoA highly and recurrent belligerent region, the Middle East represents a “South” which is often neglected in the study of Russian foreign policy. However, Moscow’s policy in the Middle East constitutes a particularly relevant indicator of the dynamics, assets, and limits of the Russian power. In our study period (2000-2013) the pursuit of “rational” objectives – the maximization of the state’s security within an international system perceived as anarchic – does not exclude an identity quest which enlightens the way Russia sees itself in the world, often in opposition to the West. Our research thus questions the reinvestment of the Middle East by Vladimir Putin’s Russia by addressing both the domestic and external rationales of Russian policy there. Once elected president in 2000, Vladimir Putin faced the twofold challenge of preventing an ethnic and religious polarization of the Russian population, and of improving Russia’s image in the Arab-Muslim world after the two wars fought in Chechnya. On the other side, the Middle East remains the traditional area for asserting Russia’s power. Through the main security issues in the region, Moscow mainly gauges the Middle East with regard to the West, most notable the United States, while betting, since the world financial crisis and the Georgia war in 2008, an inexorable decline of the American power. Since 2011, the “Arab Spring” uprisings have revealed a conservative by instinct and a cautious in its execution Russian policy, made of maneuvers and compromises if necessary and favoring tactic partnerships to constraining alliances
Attari-Gargari, Mahboubeh. "Les effets d’empêchement d’être et de se construire en régime politique d’effraction des limites entre l’intime et le public : approche clinique du psycho-traumatisme et des effets psychiques chez de jeunes adultes des procédures de direction des consciences mises en œuvre par le pouvoir politico-religieux en Iran". Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100205.
Texto completoThis study explores the psychological problematic centered on traumas imposed by the double politico-religious power on young Iraniansbetween 20 to 35 years old The material used comes from interviews conducted in Teheran in 2007. The projective drawings usedwere specifically developed for this study and reflected scenes known to young Iranians, and were sufficiently significant and subjective to enable the expression of personal feelings, and the emergence of emotions. After an investigation of the theories related to these problems, the interviews are analyzed from a political, religious, social and cultural dimension of the traumas, the acculturation, the trends and transformation vectors of the cultural transmission andpassing on a forced culture by founding myths. Then analyze concerns: the Founding father viewpoint: from his organized downfall to his execution, the inter and intra psychic filiations conflicts with these two initiating father figures Cyrus the Great and Imam Ali, the disqualification of the family’s father, the totemiste organization of the power; the traumas endured daily and post-traumatic syndromes brought about by the revolution, war, martyr cult, whipping, public hanging, and permanent interaction with guardians of revolutionary order; the pathologies as a consequence of the regime: identity crises and disorders, psychosocial pathologies as diminished image of self, projected mask, melancholy, depression, and personality disorders. As a result today Iranian society is disrupted, uncontrolled, and chaotic, in search of its values, and its cultural and identification references. In spite of the intense sufferings the pervert political system not managed to define to Islam the identification references of the young people, or to circumvent their psyche
Moniak-Azzopardi, Agnieszka. "Le rôle de l'orthodoxie dans la formation d'une « nouvelle identité » russe après 1988". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0078.
Texto completoThis PhD explores the role played by the Orthodox Christian tradition in contemporary discources defining the Russian identity. Since 1988, when the official persecution of religious actors has ceased in the former URSS, the Russian Orthodoxy has been increasingly referred as a key element of the new Russian society. Omnipresent in the post-communist Russian public space, this "Orthodox reference" is used by a range of political agents trying to define a "new Russian identity", and to legitimate in this way their own power. Launched in the beginning of the 90s, this process has accelerated since the millennium shift, transforming the Orthodox Christian tradition, along with the imperial tradition and ethnicity, into a source of political legitimacy. As a result, the political role of the Orthodox Church has steadily grown in the post-communist Russia, in spite of the fact that the actual content of the Orthodox faith has become increasingly instable and difficult to identify
Garon, Jean-François. "Régis Debray : inconscient religieux et médiologie". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ55853.pdf.
Texto completoChabbi, Mourad. "Surpuissance et sous-complexe régional : application pour une étude sécuritaire de l'Iran au sein du Golfe depuis 1989". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30062.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the evolution of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s behavior in its region, this behavior being considered as the main international problem of the last decade. This research will focus on the Gulf Region and more precisely on the interaction existing between Iran and its immediate environment. The idea behind this work is that Iran’s political and safety evolution has been influenced by the issues arising from the intrusion of a global player. More precisely, this work intends to highlight a strong correlation between, on the one hand, theories coming from the analysis of safety aspects and, on the other hand, the evolution of Iran’s positioning within the new structure of the international system
Pajoohandeh, Parisa. "Les trois pôles du cinéma iranien : les enjeux d’une triangulation tissée (1979-2013)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA155.
Texto completoThe problematic of this thesis based on cinema industry and how it’s influence on Iranian post-revolutionary society by studying the status of cinema industry in all changes that taken place since 1979 in Iranlike anywhere else. This research presents three different branches of Iranian cinema which generate the Iranian cinema identity in general by; Official cinema, Exilic cinema & Alternative cinema. This thesis will question the status of animated image and iconography in Shiite Islam and it’s role in prerevolutionary cinema. Then, the thesis analyzes the key events such as the 1979revolution, massive Islamisation of society and cinema segments, th impact of Iran-Iraq war, the black market, new identity of Iranian cinema “Islamic cinema”, the evolution of different sector of audio-visual services like IRIB (Iranian TV broadcast), Artistic Centre, House of Cinema. The triangulation focused on two important political period post-revolutionary; reformist Khatami (1997-2005) and Ultra-conservative Ahmadinejad (2005-2013) and the impacts of these periods on evolution of Iranian film industry with the comparative film analysing (one of each period) and nourishing by interview with filmmakers. The social issue is gradually becoming a major topic in the feature film which are ooften criticized by Iranian cinema. Also to understand the autonomy acquired by the artists to carry out their cinematographic project under an authoritarian state cultural policy. In the second part due to Cinema in exile, this thesis deals with various cultural practice since the 1979 of filmmakers, actors etc… It is also study elements such as nostologia, integration, language economic constraints on film productions in exile. The last part focusing on film circulation with the emergence of new technologies, the role of social networks and their impact on Iranian society after 2009. Also, the evolution of social media in the context of globalization of media by questioning the function of Iranian media in exile, satellite channels and the role of international film festivals market, allow us today to give a new visibility to Iranian cinema
Beaulieu-Brossard, Philippe. "La Russie et le poids de l'(in)sécurité de la grandeur : l'impact des événements internationaux sur les transformations des fondements identitaires et sécuritaires de la politique extérieure russe (2000-2010)". Mémoire, 2011. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4068/1/M12034.pdf.
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