Tesis sobre el tema "Reinforced concrete"
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1
Deveau, Adrien Joseph. "Fibre-reinforced expansive concrete". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/MQ45858.pdf.
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Khalil, Nariman Jaber. "Slender reinforced concrete columns". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305374.
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Al-Azzawi, Bakr. "Fatigue of reinforced concrete beams retrofitted with ultra-high performance fibre- reinforced concrete". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2018. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/108101/.
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Concrete structures deteriorate over time due to different reasons and thus may not perform their function satisfactorily. Repair and rehabilitation of deteriorated concrete structures is often preferred over demolition and rebuilding for economic reasons. Various metallic and nonmetallic materials have been used in the past for repair and rehabilitation. These materials have advantages and disadvantages. The latter are connected with the mismatch in the properties of these materials with the material of the structure being repaired which often resulted in unwanted failure modes, e.g. delamination. For this reason, new cement-based ultra-high performance reinforced with steel fibres repair materials have been developed in the last two decades, which restore (and even enhance) the structural response and improve the durability of repaired concrete structures. One such ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete material is CARDIFRC. It is characterized by very high compressive strength, high tensile /flexural strength, and high energy-absorption capacity. However, it is very expensive and thus industrially uncompetitive due to the very high cost of thin brass-coated steel fibres used in it. It is therefore important to develop a version of CARDIFRC that is industrially competitive. This is one of the objectives of this research. An ultra-high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) has been developed that is far less expensive than CARDIFRC and at the same time self-compacting. The steps necessary to achieve this have been described in this work. In addition, a full mechanical and fracture characterisation (i.e. size-independent fracture energy and the corresponding bi-linear stress-crack opening relationship) of this UHPFRC is presented. A nonlinear cracked hinge model has been used to back calculate the stress-crack opening relation of this material in an inverse manner from the test data. The second objective of this research concerns the flexural fatigue behaviour of this new UHPFRC. Tests have been conducted under several stress amplitude ranges. It has been found that the distribution of fibres plays a vital role in its fatigue resistance. Regions with few or no fibres can drastically reduce its fatigue life. As expected, non-zero mean stress leads to a significant reduction in the fatigue life of a material compared to cyclic loading with zero mean. The variation in compliance during cyclic loading has been used to estimate the expected fatigue life under a given cyclic load range, since the tests were terminated at one million cycles. The third objective of this research concerns the flexural fatigue behaviour of RC beams retrofitted with precast strips of this self-compacting UHPFRC on the tension face. Fatigue tests under several stress amplitude ranges have shown that this UHPFRC is an excellent retrofit material under fatigue loading. Again, the variation in compliance during the fatigue loading has been used to estimate the expected fatigue life for retrofitted RC beams.
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Paschalis, Spyridon A. "Strengthening of existing reinforced concrete structures using ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2017. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/c07ce9c7-5880-4108-a0f2-68bf6ea50dd5.
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Most of the new Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures which are built nowadays have a high safety level. Nevertheless, we cannot claim the same for structures built in the past. Many of these were designed without any regulations, or are based on those which have proved to be inadequate. Additionally, it seems that many old structures have reached the end of their service life and, in many cases, were designed to carry loads significantly lower than the current needs specify. Therefore, the structural evaluation and intervention are considered necessary, so they can meet the same requirements as the structures which are built today. Existing techniques for the strengthening and retrofitting of RC structures present crucial disadvantages which are mainly related to the ease of application, the high cost, the time it takes to be applied, the relocation of the tenants during the application of the technique and the poor performance. Research is now focused on new techniques which combine strength, cost effectiveness and ease of application. The superior mechanical properties of Ultra High Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) compared to conventional concrete, together with the ease of preparation and application of the material, make the application of UHPFRC in the field of strengthening of RC structures attractive. The present research aims to investigate the effectiveness of UHPFRC as a strengthening material, and to examine if the material is able to increase the load carrying capacity of existing RC elements. This has been achieved through an extensive experimental and numerical investigation. The first part of the present research is focused on the experimental investigation of the properties of the material which are missing from the literature and the development of a mixture design which can be used for strengthening applications. The second part is focused on the realistic application of the material for the strengthening of existing RC elements using different strengthening configurations. Finally, in the last part, certain significant parameters of the examined technique, which are mainly related to the design of the technique, are investigated numerically. From the experimental and numerical investigation of the present research it was clear that UHPFRC is a material with enhanced properties and the strengthening with UHPFRC is a well promising technique. Therefore, in all the examined cases, the performance of the strengthened elements was improved. Finally, an important finding of the present research was that the bonding between UHPFRC and concrete is effective with low values of slip at the interface.
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Baran, Mehmet. "Precast Concrete Panel Reinforced Infill Walls For Seismic Strengthening Of Reinforced Concrete Framed Structures". Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606137/index.pdf.
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The importance of seismic rehabilitation became evident with 1992 Erzincan Earthquake, after which a large number of reinforced concrete buildings damaged in recent earthquakes required strengthening as well as repair. In the studies related
to rehabilitation, it has been realized that inadequate lateral stiffness is one of the major causes of damage in reinforced concrete buildings. Recently, economical, structurally effective and practically applicable seismic retrofitting techniques are being developed in METU Structural Mechanics Laboratory to overcome these kinds of problems.
The strengthening technique proposed in this thesis is on the basis of the principle of strengthening the existing hollow brick infill walls by using high strength precast concrete panels such that they act as cast-in-place concrete infills
improving the lateral stiffness. Also, the technique would not require evacuation of the building and would be applicable without causing too much disturbance to the occupant. For this purpose, after two preliminary tests to verify the proper
functioning of the newly developed test set-up, a total of fourteen one-bay two story reinforced concrete frames with hollow brick infill wall, two being unstrengthened reference frames, were tested under reversed cyclic lateral loading
simulating earthquake loading. The specimens were strengthened by using six different types of precast concrete panels. Strength, stiffness, energy dissipation and story drift characteristics of the specimens were examined by evaluating the test results. Test results indicated that the proposed seismic strengthening technique can be very effective in improving the seismic performance of the reinforced
concrete framed building structures commonly used in Turkey.
In the analytical part of the study, hollow brick infill walls strengthened by using high strength precast concrete panels were modelled once by means of equivalent
diagonal struts and once as monolithic walls having an equivalent thickness. The experimental results were compared with the analytical results of the two approaches mentioned. On the basis of the analytical work, practical recommendations were made for the design of such strengthening intervention to be executed in actual practice.
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Sjoberg, Brian David. "Crack widths in reinforced concrete". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38642.pdf.
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Leyne, Eileen. "Corrosion in reinforced concrete repair". Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82611.
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Lack of a scientific design approach for repair and rehabilitation of corroding reinforced concrete infrastructure has resulted in significant financial and social costs. This experimental program was primarily undertaken to examine the corrosion process in reinforced concrete repair, which has different characteristics as compared with corrosion in new construction. The program was designed to gain a deeper understanding of how certain restoration strategies may lead to problems of electrochemical incompatibility and result in ineffective corrosion mitigation.Fifteen specimens, 1m by 1m by 0.2m, were cast to represent a section of a deteriorating reinforced concrete bridge deck slab. The central portion was uniquely designed to simulate the deterioration caused by corrosion activity in a bridge deck slab. After initiating corrosion using wetting and drying cycles with 15% salt solution, each specimen was subjected to a unique restoration strategy. The wetting and drying cycles continued, and a monitoring program was established to observe the corrosion activity of each specimen.
The results corroborate current research, that patch repairs can trigger the formation of a macrocell corrosion cell, or a ring of active corrosion surrounding the repaired zone. In addition, the results from the electrochemical testing revealed sharp differences in the corrosion behaviour of the different restoration strategies. However, the physical evidence of minimal corrosion for all four specimens that were demolished at the end of the testing period, reveals a discrepancy with the electrochemical testing results.
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Katwan, Moufaq Jassem. "Corrosion fatigue of reinforced concrete". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1988. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5327/.
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This work is concerned with the corrosion fatigue characteristics of full-scale reinforced concrete beams partially submerged in 3.5% NaCl solution or in tapwater of low dissolved salt content. The test beams were subjected to constant amplitude fatigue loading in uni-directional or reverse bending at slow cycle rate of 0.17 Hz and various load levels. The test programme had two stages: Stage I, carried out at relatively high load levels, represented a study of the fatigue-failure phenomenon but also provided guides for the more detailed study undertaken in Stage II which was devoted to low load conditions under which the main steel deterioration process was corrosion. In the latter stage, attention was focused on the monitoring of a number of electrochemical parameters including the corrosion rate. Late in the programme, electrochemical noise technique was also examined. The phenomenon of concrete crack blocking, previously reported in seawater environment, was observed in both test environments in this work. This phenomenon was closely examined and the mechanisms of the formation of deposits and its effects were described. A hypothesis was proposed for the structural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams during cyclic loading in aqueous environment. Failure normally occurred by the fracture of one of the main tensile bars due to fatigue, often followed immediately by yield of the remaining bar and beams collapse. Fracture surfaces were examined under SEM.Corrosion rate measurements involved formidable difficulties which had to be overcome to obtain accurate measurements. For instance, the current interruption technique for the estimation of the IR-drop was developed and established as the most appropriate method for concrete beams with complex reinforcement configuration. Extensive polarisation measurements indicated clear effect of the test condition on the technical variables involved in various measuring techniques (viz potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques). Based on these observations a criterion has been proposed to determine the appropriate variables necessary for the accurate determination of the polarisation resistance Rp. The work has demonstrated that the corrosion behaviour of reinforced concrete sustaining dynamic loading is extremely complex, and short term indications could not be used safely for long term predictions. Based on corrosion rate measurements and the actual corrosion pattern observed upon completion of the tests, a concept of a change in corrosion mechanism from a microcell process of relatively low corrosion rates to a macrocell process at much accelerated high rates is introduced. The prevailing mechanism depends on time of exposure, load level and reinforcement details. Results from long running fatigue tests in seawater from concurrent research were incorporated which also support this concept.
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Judge, R. C. B. "Lapped joints in reinforced concrete". Thesis, Durham University, 1987. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/6779/.
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This thesis is concerned with an experimental investigation of the behaviour of lapped joints in reinforced concrete. A review of existing literature highlights the need to establish the longitudinal strain distribution along lap joints. This has been achieved experimentally, with detailed strain measurements being taken using a technique of internally gauging the reinforcing rods. In some specimens, strain concentration gauges were installed at the tip of the lap to permit the acquisition of particularly localised information. Computer programs were developed to process the substantial amounts of data generated during the course of each test. Two series of tests were undertaken, both using axially loaded specimens, and dealing with tension and compression lap joints respectively. The laps ranged in length from 125 to 750 mm, and comprised bars of either 12 or 20 mm diameter. Transverse reinforcement was provided in two of the tension specimens. Greater emphasis was placed on the first series, with fifteen tension specimens being tested. Thirteen of these tests were each completed within a single day but, additionally, two long-term tests were undertaken. In the latter, a constant load was sustained for up to 81 days. The measurements clearly showed the changing behaviour of the specimens, first as transverse cracks developed and subsequently as failure of the lap joint was approached. The comprehensive analysis of the test results includes a comparison of the ultimate behaviour of these joints with existing design proposals and regulations. The detailed information provided by the strain measurements enables the justification of design assumptions regarding lap joint behaviour, and thus lends greater confidence to existing design regulations. The results from five compression specimens were analysed and compared with the tension tests. The significant contribution to force transfer made by the bearing of the free end of the steel against the concrete was evident. The specimens were loaded to the rig capacity without failing. Additional strain measurements were taken in one tension and one compression specimen by casting embedment gauges within the concrete. These gauges were arranged to measure the circumferential strains in the specimen, and were complemented by strain gauges mounted on the surface of the concrete. The data thus obtained permitted a comparison of the bursting forces set up inside and outside the lap joints. The work showed that some aspects of lap joint behaviour require clarification. Suggestions for further work are included.
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Hassani, Abolfazl. "Bitumin laminated reinforced concrete pavements". Thesis, University of Westminster, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305266.
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Barris, Peña Cristina. "Serviceability behaviour of fibre reinforced polymer reinforced concrete beams". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7772.
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El uso de materiales compuestos de matriz polimérica (FRP) emerge como alternativa al hormigón convencionalmente armado con acero debido a la mayor resistencia a la corrosión de dichos materiales. El presente estudio investiga el comportamiento en servicio de vigas de hormigón armadas con barras de FRP mediante un análisis teórico y experimental. Se presentan los resultados experimentales de veintiséis vigas de hormigón armadas con barras de material compuesto de fibra de vidrio (GFRP) y una armada con acero, todas ellas ensayadas a flexión de cuatro puntos. Los resultados experimentales son analizados y comparados con algunos de los modelos de predicción más significativos de flechas y fisuración, observándose, en general, una predicción adecuada del comportamiento experimental hasta cargas de servicio. El análisis de sección fisurada (CSA) estima la carga última con precisión, aunque se registra un incremento de la flecha experimental para cargas superiores a las de servicio. Esta diferencia se atribuye a la influencia de las deformaciones por esfuerzo cortante y se calcula experimentalmente.Se presentan los aspectos principales que influyen en los estados límites de servicio: tensiones de los materiales, ancho máximo de fisura y flecha máxima permitida. Se presenta una metodología para el diseño de dichos elementos bajo las condiciones de servicio. El procedimiento presentado permite optimizar las dimensiones de la sección respecto a metodologías más generales.
Fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) bars have emerged as an alternative to steel for reinforced concrete (RC) elements in aggressive environments due to their non-corrosive properties. This study investigates the short-term serviceability behaviour of FRP RC beams through theoretical and experimental analysis. Twenty-six RC beams reinforced with glass-FRP (GFRP) and one steel RC beam are tested under four-point loading. The experimental results are discussed and compared to some of the most representative prediction models of deflections and cracking for steel and FRP RC finding that prediction models generally provide adequate values up to the service load. Additionally, cracked section analysis (CSA) is used to analyse the flexural behaviour of the specimens until failure. CSA estimates the ultimate load with accuracy, but it underestimates the experimental deflection beyond the service load level. This increment is mainly attributed in this work to shear induced deflection and it is experimentally calculated.
A discussion on the main aspects of the SLS of FRP RC is introduced: the stresses in materials, maximum crack width and the allowable deflection. A methodology for the design of FRP RC at the serviceability requirements is presented, which allows optimizing the overall depth of the element with respect to more generalised methodologies.
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Hearing, Brian Phillip 1972. "Delamination in reinforced concrete retrofitted with fiber reinforced plastics". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9141.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-269).
The addition of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) laminates bonded to the tension face of concrete members is becoming an attractive solution to the rehabilitation and retrofit of damaged structural systems. Flexural strength is enhanced with this method but the failure behavior of the system can become more brittle, often involving delamination of the composite. This study investigates failure modes including delamination with the use of fiber reinforced plastics to rehabilitate various concrete structures. The focus is on delamination and its causes, specifically in the presence of existing cracks in the retrofitted concrete system. First, delamination processes in FRP retrofitted concrete systems are studied through combined experimental and analytical procedures. The delamination process is observed to initiate in the concrete substrate with micro cracks that coalesce into an unstable macro crack at failure. This macroscopic behavior is modeled through a finite element procedure with a smeared crack approach, which is found to be limited in the ability to represent the stress intensity at the delamination tip. For this reason it is shown that interfacial fracture mechanics can be used to describe the bimaterial elasticity and complex stress intensity at the delamination tip and provide a criterion governing the propagation of delamination using energy methods. Then, peeling processes occurring at existing cracks in the retrofitted system are studied through fracture mechanics based experimental and analytical procedures. An experimental program involving specialized shear notch specimens demonstrates that the location of the notch and laminate development length are influential on the shear crack peeling process. A finite element procedure is used to evaluate the crack driving forces applied at the shear notch crack mouth, and the fracture analysis is extended to evaluate initiation of peeling at the shear notch scenario. Finally, delamination failures in FRP retrofitted reinforced concrete beams representing "real-life" retrofit scenarios are investigated. An experimental and analytical program is conducted to investigate influences on the failure processes. The application of the fracture based peeling analysis to a quantitative design procedure is investigated, and a computational design aid to assist the iterative design procedure is developed.
by Brian Phillip Hearing.
Ph.D.
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Lau, Shuk-lei. "Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using glass fibre reinforced polymer sheets". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32001630.
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Breña, Sergio F. "Strengthening reinforced concrete bridges using carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004223.
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Svecová, Dagmar. "Behaviour of concrete beams reinforced withFRP prestressed concrete prisms". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0006/NQ42809.pdf.
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Lau, Shuk-lei y 劉淑妮. "Rehabilitation of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using glass fibre reinforced polymer sheets". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B32001630.
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Tokudome, Shingiro. "Contribuição para o desenvolvimento do concreto auto-adensavel". [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258503.
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Orientador: Vladimir Antonio PaulonDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T21:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tokudome_Shingiro_M.pdf: 2242512 bytes, checksum: ab86b2f22ebf44e0bf9a690f49d1aec4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006
Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento da especialidade da tecnologia do concreto de elevado desempenho, o concreto auto-adensável. A tendência do mercado em construir cada vez mais estruturas arrojadas exige o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que coadunem com a realidade técnico-econômica da obra. A concretagem destas estruturas, quando realizada em formas irregulares e em armação densa, ocasiona, na maioria das vezes, problemas no adensamento, formando descontinuidade e/ou segregação na peça concretada. Contudo, quando executada em concreto auto-adensável, estas ocorrências tendem a diminuir. Este trabalho apresenta a confrontação da metodologia de avaliação do concreto autoadensável no estado fresco com o método da caixa L e o utilizado atualmente na Alemanha conforme a norma DIN 1045 -2 DAfStb- Richtlinie Selbstverdichtender Beton (SVB-Richtlinie), com o propósito de levar para a prática procedimentos simples e de fácil análise do controle de trabalhabilidade do concreto, e também a aplicação do concreto auto-adensável em estruturas de escala real para analisar a segregação do concreto quando lançados a 4,00 metros de altura.
Abstract: This study concerns a special kind of high performance concrete technology development, called self-compacting concrete. The growing market tendency to build bold structures requires construction technology development, which fits real technical-economical needs. The concrete placing in irregular shape structures, and reinforced concrete structures, most of time brings compacting problems and result on segregation, and/or not satisfactory concrete surfacing. However, the use of self-compacting concrete can reduce these problems. The main objective of this research is to compare L box method and the German standard DIN 1045 -2 DAfStb- Richtlinie Selbstverdichtender Beton (SVB-Richtlinie) for fresh self compacting concrete workability analysis, in order to propose the L box method as an practical and easy way test to control the fresh concrete quality. This study also provides an accurate description of self-compaction concrete history, its development and the advantages reached by the structures based on concrete selfcompacting concrete, as well. Furthermore this research sets a real beam and column structure concrete applications from 4,00 m high filling to analyze segregation behavior.
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Levesque, Adam Paul. "Fire performance of reinforced concrete slabs". Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042806-171420/.
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Bhola, Rajendra Kumar. "Reliability of slender reinforced concrete columns". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25079.
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The effects of the variability in strength and loading on the reliability of slender, reinforced concrete columns are investigated using the Monte Carlo simulation technique. The columns are considered to be axially loaded with equal end eccentricities and no lateral load.
Variabilities in strength, axial load and eccentricity of axial loads are considered. A new procedure called the Implicit Uncorrelation Procedure has been developed to find the values of the failure function from the values of the basic variables named above.
The allowable axial load at various eccentricity levels corresponding to a probability of failure of one in one hundred thousand has been found for three different cross sections. Seven different slenderness ratios are considered for each cross section. The results are compared with those obtained by following the code procedures outlined in CAN3-A23.3-M77 and CSA-A23.3 (1984).
A change in the performance factor for moment magnification, ⌀m , (as given in CSA-A23.3 (1984)) is recommended in order to obtain a more accurate and consistent level of reliability in the design of slender reinforced concrete columns.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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羅紹湘 y Siu-seong Law. "Failure of reinforced concrete beam-columns". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207327.
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Law, Siu-seong. "Failure of reinforced concrete beam-columns /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1985. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12263631.
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Altoubat, Salah Ahmed. "Early age stresses and creep-shrinkage interaction of restrained concrete". Full text available online (restricted access), 2000. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Altoubat.pdf.
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Kim, SangHun Aboutaha Riyad S. "Ductility of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strengthened reinforced concrete". Related Electronic Resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Abdulmajid, Amin Ali Ahmed. "Strengthening of reinforced concrete beams using carbon fibre reinforced plastic". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1998.
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FILHO, JULIO JERONIMO HOLTZ SILVA. "CARBON FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER TORSION STRENGTHENING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2007. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=10658@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOEste estudo teórico-experimental analisa o comportamento até a ruptura de vigas de concreto armado reforçadas externamente à torção com compósitos de fibras de carbono (CFC). No programa experimental, sete vigas de concreto armado, com seção transversal de 20 cm x 40 cm e 420 cm de comprimento, com mesma armadura de aço longitudinal e transversal e concreto com mesma resistência à compressão, foram ensaiadas até a ruptura. As vigas testadas foram divididas em três séries, sendo uma viga de referência sem reforço, três vigas com reforço transversal externo e três vigas com reforço externo transversal e longitudinal. Para a realização dos ensaios foi montada uma estrutura auxiliar de aço capaz de transferir às vigas a solicitação de torção pura. No estudo teórico foram desenvolvidas duas formulações. A primeira formulação, baseada no modelo da treliça espacial generalizada com abrandamento de tensões, apresenta uma sistemática para traçado da curva momento torçor x ângulo de torção por unidade de comprimento de vigas de concreto armado reforçadas à torção. A segunda formulação, fundamentada no modelo da Analogia da Treliça Espacial de acordo com a filosofia de dimensionamento do Eurocode 2, apresenta uma sistemática para dimensionamento de reforço com CFC . As duas metodologias adotam um modelo para determinação da aderência entre o substrato de concreto e o reforço. A inclusão da aderência nos modelos desenvolvidos é de grande importância porque em geral a ruptura do elemento estrutural ocorre devido ao descolamento do CFC. Os resultados experimentais obtidos nos testes das vigas foram utilizados para validar as duas formulações teóricas desenvolvidas. Os resultados experimentais apresentaram boa aproximação quando comparados com os modelos propostos. Verificou-se que todas as vigas reforçadas apresentaram um acréscimo de resistência à torção em torno de 40% em relação à viga de referência. Verificou-se que, após a fissuração, as vigas reforçadas apresentaram perda de rigidez inferior à da viga de referência. Observou-se que o ângulo da fissura medido experimentalmente, o ângulo de inclinação calculado pelo estado de deformação e o ângulo de inclinação calculado pelo estado de tensão da viga apresentaram valores próximos para cada viga.
A theoretical-experimental research on the torsional behavior up to failure of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with external carbon fiber composites (CFC) was carried out. The experimental study comprises a series of seven reinforced concrete beams with the same compressive strength of concrete loaded to failure and subjected to torsion. The beams dimensions were 20 cm x 40 cm x 420 cm. The test specimens had the same internal steel reinforcement. The beams were divided in three series: the reference beam without strengthening; three beams with the external strengthening applied transversally and three beams with the external strengthening applied transversally and longitudinally. For the accomplishment of the tests an auxiliary steel structure was mounted, capable to transfer to the beams the pure torsion moment. In the theoretical study two analytical procedures were developed. The first formulation, based on the softened space truss model for torsion, presents a systematic to obtain the curve torsion moment x torsion angle per length unit of the reinforced concrete beams with CFC torsion strengthening. The second systematic, based on the Space Truss Model in accordance with the Eurocode 2, presents the design of the CFC strengthening. Both methodologies adopt the Chen and Teng bond model between concrete and CFC. The consideration of the bond in the developed models is very important because the failure of the concrete members often occurs from debonding of the CFC. The experimental results from the beams tests were used to validate the two analytical procedures. Good agreement was obtained with the experimental and analytical results. For all the strengthened beams the average values of torsion strength were increased by 40% when compared to the reference beam. After cracking, the loss of rigidity in the strengthened beams was lower then in the reference beam. The cracking angle experimentally measured and the strut angles evaluated by strain state and stress state presented close values.
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Saifullah, Mohammad. "Effect of reinforced corrosion on bond strength in reinforced concrete". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496283.
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Premature deterioration of reinforced/prestressed concrete structures due to corrosion is of considerable current concern. One detrimental effect of corrosion of reinforcing/prestressing steel is the reduction of bond between steel and concrete due to the development of corrosion products at the interface. This thesis examines the influence of localized corrosion of reinforcing bars/ untensioned prestressing strands on their bond strength in concrete. In addition, an analytical study is conducted in order to investigate the complex behaviour due to cracking of cover concrete, non-uniform corrosion, presence of softened paste layer at the interface between steel and concrete, and stress relaxation due to creep in relation to the bond strength. The conditions of severe localized corrosion were simulated electrochemically. The main variables were cover-to-bar diameter ratio, reinforcement type, and corrosion rate. The influence of reinforcing/prestressing steel corrosion and cracking of the concrete cover on the behaviour of bond were studied at different stages of corrosion: non-corrosion, precracking, cracking, and postcracking levels. It was found that the bond strength increased with corrosion up to a certain amount. However, with the progressive increase in corrosion, the bond strength decreased very rapidly until the cracking of cover concrete, and then decreased at a very slow rate in the postcracking stage. The untensioned prestressing strands showed almost similar general behaviour but were found relatively more deteriorated due to corrosion in the postcracking stage under the similar corrosive conditions. The structural properties of steel such as yield strength and ultimate tensile strength were influenced significantly due to the enormous local reduction in cross-sectional area of the reinforcing/prestressing steel by corrosion. The test data showed that the percentage corrosion required to cause cracking of cover concrete varied linearly with cover-to-bar diameter ratio. Bond-slip studies at different stages of corrosion indicated that bond stiffness increases and then decreases with the increase of corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete. Corroded prestressing strands exhibited a nonlinear bond-slip relationship. Corrosion rate was found to be a significant variable. Pullout bond specimens using deformed bars were exposed to the current densities of 4.0,2.0, 1.0,0.5,0.25,0.15,0.09, and 0.04 mA/cm'. Bond behaviour was studied at the cracking stage and after 20% corrosion. The results indicated a significant and non-linear effect of corrosion on bond strength. Both corrosion to cause cracking and bond strength as a ratio of the non-corroded bond strength increased with an increase of current density up to about 0.15-0.25 mA/CM2 , and then decreased with a further increase in current density. This explains the different results obtained by previous researchers at different corrosion rates. Finite element analysis of the effect of concrete cover at the stages of internal and surface cracking confirmed the behaviour found in the laboratory study. The presence of an interfacial softened paste layer showed no significant effect on the expansive pressure. The study of the relaxation of stresses due to creep showed that the high degradation in bond strength at high rate of corrosion was significantly contributed by the relaxation of stresses due to creep at the cracking stage. However, in the postcracking stage, creep showed little effect on the stresses in the concrete surrounding the reinforcing bar. It is concluded that it is extremely difficult to extrapolate laboratory data to field conditions. However, a simple assessment rule is proposed.
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Baczkowski, Bartlomiej Jan. "Steel fibre reinforced concrete coupling beams /". View abstract or full-text, 2007. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?CIVL%202007%20BACZKO.
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Cheng, Bei y 程蓓. "Retrofitting of deep concrete coupling beams by laterally restrained side plates". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45791132.
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Monotti, Mario Nicola. "Reinforced concrete slabs - compatibility limit design /". [Zürich], 2004. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=15615.
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Lloyd, Alan Eric Walker. "Blast Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Columns". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32389.
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Explosives place large demands on the lateral load carrying capacity of structures. If these loads are applied on columns, the high pressure transient loads from explosives can result in significant damage to the primary gravity load carrying elements. The loss of these elements, which are responsible from overall strength and stability of the structure, may cause collapse of all or parts of the structure. Therefore, it is important to mitigate the blast loads effects on columns. A comprehensive research study into the design, application, and use of different retrofit systems to mitigate damage to columns under blast loads has been undertaken. This research program, consisting of experimental testing and analytical investigation, sought out retrofits that address the strength of columns as well as those that enhance ductility are explored. Different materials and resistance mechanisms are used to increase column capacity. An experimental testing program was conducted using a shock tube to test the capacity of columns under blast loads. For this program, a total of sixteen reinforced concrete columns were constructed and the data from a further two columns from a previous study was compiled. Of these columns, a total of thirteen were retrofitted to mitigate the effects of blast. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) was applied to eight of the columns in the form of jacketing, longitudinal reinforcement, or the combination of the two. The other retrofits included steel prestressed confinement applied to one column, steel bracing acting as compression members applied to one column, and steel bracing acting as tension members applied to three columns. The columns were tested under incrementally increasing shock tube induced shock wave loading up to failure of the specimen or capacity of the shock tube. The performance of the retrofitted columns was compared with the control columns and against other retrofits. Quantitative comparisons of displacements and strains were made along with qualitative assessments of damage. The results indicated that all the retrofits increased capacity to the column, however, certain retrofits out performed others. The best FRP retrofit technique was found to be the combination of longitudinal and transverse FRP. The prestressed steel jacketing proved to be effective at increasing ductility capacity of the column. The compression brace retrofit was found to be effective in significantly increasing capacity of the column. The tension brace retrofits had the best performance over all the retrofits including the compression brace retrofit. The experimental data was used to validate analysis techniques to model the behaviour of the specimens. This technique reduced the columns to an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system for dynamic analysis purposes. The reduction to the SDOF system was achieved by computing a resistance to lateral load and lateral displacement relationship. Each retrofit was carefully considered in this analysis including the retrofit’s possible effect on material and sectional properties as well as any force resistance mechanism that the retrofit introduces. The results of the modeling and experimental program were used to develop retrofit design guidelines. These guidelines are presented in detail in this thesis.
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Bentz, Evan C. "Sectional analysis of reinforced concrete members". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0027/NQ49840.pdf.
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Hosin, Alyass Azzat. "Fiber reinforced coal combustion products concrete /". Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342743231&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Chang, Peter. "Fracture characteristics of reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65925.
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Hosseini, Mahmood. "Integral widening of reinforced concrete underbridges". Thesis, Cardiff University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.490239.
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Chan, Simon Hang Chi. "Bond and cracking of reinforced concrete". Thesis, Cardiff University, 2012. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/36698/.
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Ribbed reinforcement is described as “high bond” in Eurocode 2 (EC2) and within the code serviceability checks make no allowance for variations in either the ductility or bond characteristics of these bars. In this work, this matter is explored, and the crack development and behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with various types of ribbed steel bar are investigated, using both numerical and experimental approaches. The objective of the experimental approach is to undertake a series of experiments to compare the performance of beams made with standard reinforcement with that of beams formed with a new high-ductility bar produced by CELSA UK. The relationship between the bond strength and the rib pattern of reinforcing steel was studied and the behaviour at SLS load levels of RC beams with reinforcement of different rib patterns in flexure is discussed. The cracking of beams was monitored both visually and using a non-destructive Digital Image Correlation system to trace in-plane deformations and strains on the surface of the specimens. The test results showed that specimens with bars which had the highest relative rib area (fR value) exhibited the smallest crack spacing and crack width. A numerical model was developed to explore the crack development of reinforced concrete beams under flexural loading. The model employed a non-linear material model for concrete and a smeared crack approach. In order to address the well known numerical stability problems, associated with softening models, a non-local gradient method was used. Crack widths cannot be obtained directly from such models, due to the diffuse nature of non- local simulations, therefore a post-processing procedure was developed to allow the crack characteristics to be calculated. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the satisfactory performance of the model. In addition, a series of numerical simulations of the BOND AND CRACKING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE Simon H.C. Chan Page vi experimental beams tested in the present study were used validate the numerical model and conversely, to provide confidence in the consistency of the experimental results.
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Fraser, Andrew Simon. "Behaviour of cracked reinforced concrete panels". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/537.
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Ervine, Adam. "Damaged reinforced concrete structures in fire". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6229.
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It is crucial for a building to maintain structural stability when subjected to multiple and sequential extreme loads. Safety and economic considerations dictate that structures are built to resist extreme events, such as a earthquakes, impacts, blasts or fires, without collapse and to provide adequate time for evacuation of the occupants. However, during such events, some structural damage may be permissible. Design codes do not account for the scenario where two extreme events occur consecutively on a structure nor do they address the situation of the structure having some initial damage prior to being subjected to a fire load. This work begins by detailing the major inconsistancies between designing reinforced concrete structures for extreme mechanical loads and designing for fire. The material behaviour and traits of the constitutive parts (i.e. the concrete and the steel), including post yielding behaviour, thermal relationships and their interaction with each other are all explored in detail. Comprehensive experimental and numerical investigations are undertaken to determine whether, and to what extent, phenomena such as tensile cracking and loss of the concrete cover affect the local and global fire resistance of a member or structure. The thermal propagation through tensile cracks in reinforced concrete beams is examined experimentally. A comparison is made between the rate of thermal propagation through beams that are undamaged and beams that have significant tensile cracking. The results show that, although small differences occur, there is no significant change in the rate of thermal propagation through the specimens. Consequently, it is concluded that the effects of tensile cracking on the thermal propagation through concrete can be ignored in structural analyses. Significantly this means that analyses of heated concrete structures which are cracked can be carried out with heat-transfer and mechanical analyses being conducted sequentially, as is currently normal and fully-coupled thermo-mechanical analyses are not required. The loss of concrete cover and the impact on the thermal performance is examined numerically. A comparison is made of the thermal propagation, beam deflections and column rotations between structures that are undamaged and structures that have partial cover loss in a variety of locations and magnitudes. Results show that any loss of cover can lead to unsymmetrical heating, causing larger deflections in both vertical and horizontal directions, which can result in a more critical scenario. It is concluded that the effect of cover loss on the thermal performance of the structure is extremely significant. A new approach to numerically simulating the loss of cover by mechanical means from a member is developed. This new approach provides the user with an extremely flexible yet robust method for simulating this loss of cover. The application of this method is then carried out to show its effectiveness. A large experimental study carried out at the Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee and separately numerically modelled at the University of Edinburgh. Unfortunately, due to unforseen circumstances, the experimental data available is limited at this time and as a result the validation of the numerical simulation is limited. Through these investigations it is clear that it is necessary to develop a method in enhance the stability and integrity of the concrete when subjected to the scenario of a fire following another mechanically extreme event. Therefore, finally a method is proposed and experimentally investigated into the use of fibres to increase the post crushing cohesiveness of the concrete when subjected to thermal loads. Results show that the fibrous members display an increased thermal resistance by retaining their concrete cover through an enhanced post crushing cohesion. From this investigation, it is concluded that the use of fibrous concrete is extremely beneficial for the application of enhancing the performance under extreme sequential mechanical and thermal loading.
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Yu, Xinmeng. "Modelling reinforced concrete slabs in fire". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.489064.
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This thesis reports on a numerical investigation of the structural behaviour of composite slabs, which plays an important role in multi-storey buildings, under fire conditions. This study induces new thoughts into the existing non-linear FE procedures in the Fire Engineering software Vulcan, which has been developed previously at the University of Sheffield.
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Ghavam-Shahidy, Hamid. "Lightweight aggregate reinforced concrete deep beams". Thesis, University of Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503556.
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黃玉平 y Yuping Huang. "Nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete structures". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233090.
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Chana, Palvinder Singh. "Shear failure of reinforced concrete beams". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282869.
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Fathi, Bitaraf F. "Membrane effects in reinforced concrete frames". Thesis, University of Leeds, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.444442.
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Lillistone, Duncan. "Non-ferrous compositely reinforced concrete columns". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364791.
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JUNIOR, HUMBERTO CORREIA LIMA. "INSTABILITY OF SEGMENTAL REINFORCED CONCRETE ARCHS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1937@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOArco segmentado é uma estrutura composta de vários segmentos retilíneos,emendados em pontos pertencentes a uma curva em forma de arco que circunscreve a estrutura. A coincidência dos pontos das emendas (nós) com essa curva permite a redução dos momentos fletores nesses pontos. O arco segmentado assim idealizado apresenta algumas vantagens para a indústria de pré-moldados, quais sejam: permite a utilização das fôrmas empregadas na moldagem de outros tipos de peças retilíneas como pilares e vigas; permite a construção de arcos com qualquer relação entre a flecha e o vão, empregando-se as mesmas fôrmas, bastando para isso variar os ângulos entre os segmentos emendados. Neste trabalho é feito um estudo teórico sobre a estabilidade dos arcos segmentados,utilizando para isto o modelo computacional baseado no método nos elementos finitos. Dentro deste estudo são realizadas análises sobre a influência da relação altura/vão, da variação do número de segmentos, da presença de imperfeições iniciais e da ação do vento no comportamento global destes arcos. Também é desenvolvido um procedimento para o cálculo da carga crítica dos arcos segmentados bi e tri-articulados e que leva em consideração tanto as cargas caracterizadas por pontos limite como as por pontos de bifurcação. São apresentados os detalhes e resultados de um ensaio experimental de um arco segmentado de concreto armado, que teve como objetivo principal a verificação do comportamento global deste tipo de estrutura e da eficiência do modelo computacional aqui utilizado.
Segmental arch is a structure made of several straight segments of precast concrete connected at points belonging to a curve in the form of an arch which circumscribes the structure. This type of arch has some advantages for the precasting industry: a) it allows the use of the same forms used to cast other types of straight pieces such as beams and columns; b) it allows the construction of arches with any height/span ratio, using the same forms, which is achieved just by varying the angle between the connected segments. In this work, a study of the stability of this type of arch is developed, with the use of a computer model based on the finite elements method. In side of this study, the effects of height/span ratio variation, segment number variation, initial imperfections presence and the wind action are investigated. In addition, a calculus procedure of the critical load to the segmental arches is developed. This procedure takes in consideration the loads characterized by limit points as much as that by bifurcation points. Is also presented an experimental test, of a segmental arch made of reinforced concrete, that was conducted with the purpose of studying the global behavior of this type of structure, and verify the efficiency of the computer model used.
El arco segmentado es una extructura compuesta de varios segmentos rectilíneos,enmendados en puntos que pertenecen a una curva en forma de arco que circunscribe la extructura. La intercepción de los puntos de las enmiendas (nodos) con esa curva permite la reducción de los momentos flectores en esos puntos. El arco segmentado presenta algunas ventajas para la industria de premoldados como son: permite la reutilización de las formas para el moldeado de otros tipos de piezas rectilíneas como pilares y vigas; permite la construcción de arcos con cualquier relación entre la flecha y el vano, utilizando las mismas formas, tan solo variando los ángulos entre los segmentos enmendados. En este trabajo, se desarrolla un estudio teórico sobre la estabilidad de los arcos segmentados,utilizando el modelo computacional basado en el método en los elementos finitos. Dentro de este estudio se analiza la influencia de: la relación altura/vano, la variación del número de segmentos, la presencia de imperfecciones iniciales y la acción del viento en el comportamiento global de estes arcos. También se desarrolla un procedimiento para el cálculo de la carga crítica de los arcos segmentados bi y triarticulados que lleva en consideración tanto las cargas caracterizadas por puntos límites como por puntos de bifurcación. Se presentan detalles y resultados de un ensayo experimental de un arco segmentado de concreto armado, cuyo objetivo principal es verificar el comportamiento global de este tipo de extructura y la eficiencia del modelo computacional aqui utilizado.
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Valle, Mariano Oñar. "Shear transfer in fiber reinforced concrete". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/72749.
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Shelvay, Alicia M. (Alicia Margaret). "Reinforced concrete : applicability of smart materials". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74413.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 44-46).
With aging infrastructure, not only in the United States, but worldwide, we look toward designing structures which can withstand the test of time. Creating structures that can adapt to changes in the environment and provide better performance is at the forefront of current research. Reinforced concrete, one of the most widely used materials, can be reinvented using this philosophy. In this thesis, smart materials are classified as materials which can provide sensing, actuation or self-repair. Three different smart materials were studied including self-healing concrete which provides self-repair, shape memory alloys as reinforcement for reinforced concrete which provides actuation and carbon fiber reinforced concrete which provides sensing. It was found that each smart material had potential to improve the performance of reinforced concrete structures. Factors that affect larger scale implementation are discussed.
by Alicia M. Shelvay.
M.Eng.
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Sangi, Abdul Jabbar. "Reinforced concrete structures under impact loads". Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2485.
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Eigelaar, Estee M. "Deflections of reinforced concrete flat slabs". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2389.
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Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH SUMMARY: It is found that the serviceability limit state often governs the design of slender reinforced concrete members. Slender flexural members often have a percentage tension reinforcement less than 1.0% and an applied bending moment just above the point of first cracking. For such members, the available methods to evaluate the serviceability conditions produce inadequate and unrealistic results. The evaluation of the serviceability of a slender member includes the calculation of the predicted deflection, either by empirical hand-calculation or analysing a finite element model, and the verification using the span-to-effective-depth ratio. The focus of the study is on flat slab structures. It investigates the different deflection prediction methods and the span-to-effective-depth ratio verifications from various design standards. These design standards include the ACI 318 (2002), the SABS 0100-1 (2000), the EC2 (2004) and the BS 8110 (1997). The background to the methods, as well as the parameters which influences the deflection development for lightly reinforced members, are investigated in order to define the limitations of the methods. As a result of the investigation of the deflection calculation methods, an Alternative Approach is suggested and included in the comparisons of the various methods. The deflection prediction methods and the span/effective depth verification procedures are accurately formulated to predict the serviceability behaviour of beams. Additional approaches had to be used to apply these methods to a two-dimensional plane such as that of a flat slab structure. The different deflection prediction methods and the span/effective depth verification methods are calculated and compared to the recorded data of seven experimental flat slab specimens as performed by others. A study by Gilbert and Guo (2005) accurately recorded the flexural behaviour of flat slab specimens under uniformly distributed loads for test periods up to 750 days. The methods to evaluate the serviceability of a slender member were also applied to slab examples designed using South African standards. The study concludes by suggesting a suitable deflection prediction method for different parameter (limitation) categories with which a slender member can comply to. The typical span/effective depth ratio trend is also presented as the percentage tension reinforcement for a slender member changes. It is observed that the empirical hand-calculation methods present more reliable results than those of the finite element models. The empirical hand-calculation methods are accurate depending on the precision to which the slab was constructed relative to the actual slab design. The comparison of the deflection methods with South African case studies identified the role played by construction procedures, material parameters and loading history on slab behaviour.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die diensbaarheidstoestand is in baie gevalle die bepalende faktor vir die ontwerp van slank gewapende beton elemente bepaal. Slank elemente, soos lig bewapende buigbare beton elemente, het gewoonlik ‘n persentasie trekbewapening van minder as 1.0% en ‘n aangewende buigmoment net wat net groter is as die punt waar kraking voorkom. Die metodes beskikbaar om die diensbaarheid van sulke elemente te evalueer gee onvoldoende en onrealistiese resultate. Die evaluering van die elemente in die diensbaarheidstoestand sluit in die bepaling van defleksies deur berekening of die analise van ‘n eindige element model, en die gebruik van die span/effektiewe diepte metode. Die fokus van die studie is platbladstrukture. Die doel van die studie is om die verskillende metodes vir die bereking van defleksie asook die verifikasie volgens span/effektiewe diepte metodes van die verskillende ontwerp standaarde te ondersoek. Die ontwerp standaarde sluit die ACI 318 (2002), SABS 0100-1 (2000), EC2 (2004) en die BS 8110 (1997) in. Die agtergrond van hierdie metodes is ondersoek asook die parameters wat ‘n rol speel, sodat die beperkings van die metodes geidentifiseer kan word. As ‘n gevolg van die ondersoek na die beperkings van die metodes, is ‘n Alternatiewe Benadering voorgestel. Die Alternatiewe Benadering is saam met die metodes van die ontwerpstandaarde gebruik om die verskille tussen die metodes te evalueer. Die defleksievoorspelling en die span/effektiewe diepte verifikasie metodes is korrek geformuleer om die diensbaarheid van balke te evalueer. Ander benaderings was nodig om die diensbaarheid van blad blaaie te toets. Die onderskeie defleksievoorspelling en span/effektiewe diepte metodes is bereken vir sewe eksperimentele plat blaaie soos uitgevoer deur ander navorsers. Gilbert and Guo (2005) het ‘n studie uitgevoer waar die buigingsgedrag van die sewe plat blaaie, met ‘n uniforme verspreide las vir ‘n toetsperiode van tot 750 dae, akkuraat genoteer is. Die metodes om die diensbaarheid van ‘n slank element te toets, was ook op Suid-Afrikaanse blad voorbeelde getoets. Dit was gedoen om die Suid- Afrikaanse ontwerp van ligte bewapende beton elemente te evalueer. Die gevolgetrekkings stel ‘n gepaste defleksie metode vir ‘n slank element vir verskillende beperking kategorië voor. Dit is ook verduidelik hoe die tipiese span/effektiewe diepte verhouding met die persentasie trek bewapening vir ‘n slank element verander. Dit is bevind dat die imperiese handmetodes om defleksies te bereken, meer betroubaar as die eindige element modelle se resultate is. Die imperiese handberekening metodes is akkuraat relatief tot hoe akkuraat die blad konstruksie tot die blad ontwerp voltooi is. ‘n Vergelyking van defleksieberekening met Suid-Afrikaanse gevallestudies het die belangrikheid van konstruksieprosedures, materiallparamteres and belastingsgeskiedenis geïdentifiseer.
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Huber, U. A. "Reliability of reinforced concrete shear resistance". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50435.
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Thesis (MScEng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The lack of a simple rational mechanical model for the shear resistance behaviour of structural concrete members results in the use of simplified empirical methods in codified shear design methods with a limited range of applicability. This may lead on the one hand to insufficient reliability for members on the boundary of the range of applicability and on the other hand to over-conservative designs. Comparison of the provision for shear resistance design of the South African code of practice for the design of concrete structures SANS 10100: 2003 with other related codes shows differences in the design variables taken into account and procedures specified to calculate shear resistance. The thesis describes a systematic evaluation of the reliability performance of the shear performance of reinforced concrete sections subjected to shear only, and in combination with flexural moments, designed with SANS 10100: 2003. Both sections with and without provision for shear reinforcement are considered. A representative range of parametric conditions are considered in the evaluation. Punching shear is not considered in the present review. Shear design as specified by SANS 10100 is compared to the provisions of the closely related British code for the structural use of concrete BS 8110, Eurocode 2 for the design of concrete structures EN 1992 and the American bridge design code AASHTO LRFD. The reliability performance of the shear design method for beams of SANS is considered in terms of a probabilistic shear resistance model, uncertainties in the basic variables such as material properties, geometry and modelling uncertainty. Modelling uncertainty is determined by comparing predicted values with published experimental results. Keywords: structural concrete; shear resistance; shear design; reliability; design codes; code companson
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die tekortkoming van eenvoudige rasionele modelle vir skuif gedrag van strukturele gewapende beton lei tot die gebruik van vereenvoudigde empiriese metodes in gekodifiseerde skuif ontwerp met 'n beperkte omvang van gebruik. Dit mag lei tot onvoeldoende betroubaarheid vir ontwerp situasies, maar ook tot oorkonserwatiewe ontwerpe. Vergelyking van voorsienings vir skuifweerstand ontwerp in die SANS beton kode, SANS 10100: 2003 en ander verwante kodes toon verskille in ontwerp veranderings en metodes aan vir die berekening van skuifweerstand. Hierdie tesis beskryf die stelselmatige bepaling van betroubaarheids prestasie van die skuifgedrag van gewapende beton snitte ontwerp volgens SANS. Beide snitte met en sonder skuifbewapening word behandel. 'n Verteenwoordigende bestek van skuif ontwerp parameters word in ag geneem in die beoordeling van die betroubaarheid. Pons skuifword nie hier in ag geneem nie. Skuif ontwerp soos voorgeskryf deur SANS 10100 word verlyk met die ontwerp methodes van die Britse beten kode, BS 8110, die Europese beton kode, Euronorm Eurocode 2 en die Amerikaanse brug kode AASHTO LRFD. Die betroubaarheids prestasie van die skuif ontwerp metode vir SANS word bepaal deur middel van 'n probablistiese skuif ontwerp model. Modelonsekerheid is vir die doeleindes bepaal deur vergelyking met gepubliseerde eksperimentele resultate. Sleutelwoorde: strukturele beton; skuifweerstand; skuif ontwerp; betroubaarheid; ontwerp kodes; kode vergelyking.
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Armstrong, Paul John. "Projectile penetration into fibre reinforced concrete". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1987. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/10217/.
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A wide range of fibre reinforced concretes, potentially capable of sprayed application, and which could be used for protecting buildings, has been tested. Specimens 450mm square have been impacted by 7.62mm A. P. projectiles, and the damage assessed in terms of penetration path lengths within the specimens and the volume of the impact face spall crater. It has been found that inclusion of fibres does not increase the penetration resistance, but a small proportion of fibres significantly reduces the impact face spalling. The mechanisms of penetration and spalling have been examined using high speed photographic techniques and instrumented specimens.