Tesis sobre el tema "Rehaussement de contraste ultrasonore"
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Galaz, Belfor. "Relation entre la structure et les propriétés acoustiques des agents de contraste ultrasonores et leur utilisation comme vecteur de médicaments". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066430.
Texto completoNovell, Anthony. "Imagerie de contraste ultrasonore avec transducteurs capacitifs micro-usinés". Phd thesis, Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665141.
Texto completoPauzin, Marie-Christine. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique d'un agent de contraste ultrasonore". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430076.
Texto completoLe, Marrec Loïc. "Investigation ultrasonore, qualitative et quantitative, d'objets à fort contraste". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2004AIX22103.pdf.
Texto completoAired-Selmani, Leila. "Caractérisations théoriques et expérimentales d'agents de contraste ultrasonore ciblés". Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR3301/document.
Texto completoSince they were introducted, contrast agents have revolutionized the ultrasound imaging. They are composed of tiny gaseous microbubbles and when injected intravenously into the blood, they improve the ultrasound image. Targeted imaging is another application based on the physical characteristics of contrast agents. This approach is based on the ligands incorporation into the microbubbles shell. The microbubble attach to the molecular factors overexpressed by endothelial cells, covering the inner wall of blood vessels. To distinguish these microbubbles from those freely circulating, attached microbubble have to produce an acoustic signal that is sufficiently strong. However, the low microbubbles adhesion induces a decrease of the acoustic signal. To make it possible, it is important to determine the effect of the elastic wall on their acoustic response. This thesis aimed to study the effect of elastic walls on the ultrasonic behavior of targeted microbubbles. First, a theoretical model describing a wall with finite thickness was developed. It has been shown that the scattered echo amplitude by a microbubble near a wall with finite thickness is small in comparison to the echo from a microbubble located in an infinite fluid. Furthermore, and in order to account for the effect of blood vessel wall, the mechanical properties of the wall have been incorporated into the model. The results showed that the resonane frequency of a microbubble near the wall is higher than the resonanace of the same microbubble in an infinite medium. Subsequently, we studied the effect of three types of walls on the microbubble behavior including the wall of OptiCell chamber which is commonly used in ultrasonic experiments. We have shown that microbubbles near the OptiCell wall diffuses a higher echo than those far from the wall when the excitation frequency is above the microbubble resonance frequency. On the other side, we observed that small microbubbles to the presence of the wall. Afterward, we developed a model describing a microbubble attached to the wall. We have shown that the microbubble in direct contact with the wall induces a decrease of the echo amplitude compared to the same bubble in infinite liquid. Moreover, the direct contact of the bubble with the wall generates an increase of the resonance frequency relative to a bubble without direct contact. Finally, an experimental study has shown the advantage of the subharmonic imaging to differentiate attached microbubbles from the free ones
Bouakaz, Ayache. "Produits de contraste ultrasonore : évaluation acoustique in vitro et application". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0058.
Texto completoIt's usually more difficult for a radiologist to interpret ultrasonic images than other records issued from other imaging modalities. Indeed, the ultrasonic record has no familiar landmarks for the uninitiated observer. As for other imaging techniques, the use of contrast agents could be considered. Typically, contrast ultrasound involves the injection of echo-producing microbubbles into the bloodstream to enhance the ultrasound echogenicity of a certain structure in the body. In the first part of this study, we proposed a theoretical approach for acoustic characterization of ultrasound contrast agents. Simultaneously, an experimental procedure was developed to quantify the ultrasonic properties of contrast agents in vitro. This was carried out by determining their acoustic parameters. The backscatter coefficient (BC), attenuation coefficient and scattering to attenuation ratio (STAR) were defined to quantify the ultrasonic effectiveness of the contrast agent. The experimental conditions correspond to the clinical reality. The experimental determination of ultrasonic properties is important for an appropriate use of the contrast agent. Afterwards, a method is presented and used to determine the acoustic contribution of a contrast agent to the image enhancement. Optimal values of the acoustic properties necessary to get a visible enhancement of the image are deduced. At last, we propose a newer clinical application using contrast agent. This has been done in intravascular echography and the contrast has been proved useful for this application
Berti, Romain. "Caractérisation d'agents de contraste ultrasonore pour l'imagerie et la thérapie". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066711.
Texto completoHessel, Charles. "La décomposition automatique d'une image en base et détail : Application au rehaussement de contraste". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN017/document.
Texto completoIn this CIFRE thesis, a collaboration between the Center of Mathematics and their Applications, École Normale Supérieure de Cachan and the company DxO, we tackle the problem of the additive decomposition of an image into base and detail. Such a decomposition is a fundamental tool in image processing. For applications to professional photo editing in DxO Photolab, a core requirement is the absence of artifacts. For instance, in the context of contrast enhancement, in which the base is reduced and the detail increased, minor artifacts becomes highly visible. The distortions thus introduced are unacceptable from the point of view of a photographer.The objective of this thesis is to single out and study the most suitable filters to perform this task, to improve the best ones and to define new ones. This requires a rigorous measure of the quality of the base plus detail decomposition. We examine two classic artifacts (halo and staircasing) and discover three more sorts that are equally crucial: contrast halo, compartmentalization, and the dark halo. This leads us to construct five adapted patterns to measure these artifacts. We end up ranking the optimal filters based on these measurements, and arrive at a clear decision about the best filters. Two filters stand out, including one we propose
Cherifi, Daikha. "Amélioration et évaluation de la qualité des images". Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132053.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to propose new methods for image enhancement based on oriented and multi-scale transforms using some perceptual criteria. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the development of a simple and efficient contrast enhancement method inspired from the human visual system. This method is evaluated on a set of natural color and monochrome images. The obtained results are evaluated subjectively and by using objective measures based on energy spectrum analysis and perceptual criteria. The enhancement technique is also extended to some medical images, such as mammography and endoscopy images. A special contrast enhancement method adapted to mammography is then proposed. It is based on a segmentation process using a priori information on the mammography images. The last part of the thesis is devoted to image enhancement evaluation. A critical literature survey of image enhancement evaluation methods is provided. The evaluation method proposed in this thesis is based on the radial and angular analysis of the Fourier powerspectrum. Another perceptual approach is proposed to evaluate the output. This method is based on the analysis of the visibility map computed by using a pyramidal contrast. The evaluation is performed on some samples taken from two databases. Both subjective and objective evaluations demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed image enhancement methods
Mulé, Sébastien. "Méthodologie pour l’évaluation de la microcirculation en imagerie ultrasonore de contraste". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112033.
Texto completoContrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging is a modality of growing interest in human and small animal studies for the estimation of microcirculation parameters. Nevertheless, estimated microcirculation parameters are still impaired by several artefacts: the contrast agent concentration, microbubble attenuation and motion that is present in the acquisitions. The aim of this work is to propose a methodology for assessing microcirculation in small animal CEUS studies by investigating original methods to correct for these artefacts. An a posteriori frame selection method has been proposed. This method, based on a Principal Component Analysis and that integrates a priori information about the respiratory frequency, allows the selection of the frames acquired at the same respiratory phase. A method for estimating microbubble attenuation in vivo has also been developed. This method provides a dynamic microbubble-specific sequence without shadowing artefacts and therefore more reliable than available from original sequences. These methods, which have been implemented in a user friendly software, have been applied and validated in renal perfusion studies in a murine and a porcine model. Especially, their interest in assessing tumor microcirculation and the efficacy of an antiangiogenic treatment has been highlighted
Durning, Bruno. "Simulation, estimation spectrale et imagerie des agents de contraste ultrasonores". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10097.
Texto completoIn this work, we contribute to make ultrasound contrast agent simpler and more effective to use. First we developed a Simulator of Echo Contrast Imaging (SECI). SECI can simulate ultrasound imaging with contrast agent. It takes into account the probe, the propagating medium, the individual, non linear, response of each bubble. Simulations of bubbles alone, have also been performed, at different MI, transmit frequency, and radius. Then, we validate SECI by comparison with in-vitro experiments. An experimental study of the influence of the MI over the contrast agent behavior has been done. Finally, visualization techniques, based on spectral estimation, auto-regressive modelization, and atomical projection have been tested on in-vitro and in-vivo acquisition
Santin, Mathieu. "Destruction et cavitation inertielle des agents de contraste ultrasonore : modélisation, expériences et applications". Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066223.
Texto completoAmmi, Azzdine Yahya. "Détection et caractérisation de la destruction des microbulles de produit de contraste ultrasonore". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066002.
Texto completoGerfault, Laurent. "Imagerie des produits de contraste ultrasonore : simulation et approche de la perfusion myocardique". Lyon, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAL0041.
Texto completoLike other imaging modalities (MRI or X-Ray), ultrasound scanning has become a contrast imaging modality. It consists in the enhancement of standard ultrasound imaging using an intra-veinously injected ultrasound contrast agent (USCA). Video intensity and Doppler signals of perfused region, reached by the contrast agent, are enhanced. Then, contrast imaging allows a better visualization of perfusion of different organs, and the approach of functional imaging like myocardial perfusion study. In vitro efficiency of USCA has been demonstrated, but its in vivo use has shown a decrease of efficiency. This work studies the interactions between contrast agent and intra-corporal medium, and the influence of measurement method in the aims of understanding this lack of efficiency. The influences of intra-corporal medium actions (pulmonary filtering, dilution of USCA bolus, diffusion of internal gas of USCA micro particles cardiac pressure) and ultrasound waves are inspected to evaluate physical modifications of USCA in in-vivo conditions. The impact of these physical changes on acoustical responses of USCA is then studied. As clinical evaluation is performed on echographic images, simulations of echographic signals are computed. Finally, the feasibility of absolute measurement of blood flow rate is evaluated. A comparison between a newly developed fluid dynamics based model of bolus dilution and acoustical measurements made on a circulating tubular phantom is made. Our conclusions are applied to the study of myocardial perfusion using an isolated pig heart model
Chaline, Jennifer. "Analogie macroscopique et acousto-mécanique d'une microbulle : application aux agents de contraste ultrasonore". Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR3304/document.
Texto completoUnder specific ultrasound excitation, contrast microbubbles undergo nonlinear oscillations. Considering the size and the complexity of the phenomenon, expensive and complex experiments and/or simulations are required. To overcome this, the use of an analogy is proposed and validated numerically. When subjected to ultrasound, microbubbles present a fairly rich and complex dynamics of which some aspects can be described by a lattice of nonlinearly coupled oscillators. In this thesis, we propose to study the oscillatory behavior of a microbubble through an acousto-mechanical setup of coupled pendula parametrically excited by a vertical force. The aim of this work is to understand the dynamics of a single bubble, to subsequently study it in experimental and clinical conditions for both imaging and therapy. From the theoretical point of view, we have shown that both systems are described by a Mathieu type equation. From the experimental point of view, we have developped the pendula ring. It consists of an aluminum ring on which pendula are fixed with nylon strings. The pendula chain lies on the excitation system that generate a sinusoidal excitation ranging from 1 Hz to 5 Hz. Results obtained (vibration modes, subharmonic oscillations, radial mode) are in agreement with simulations and are similar to the results obtained for microbubbles
Kanbar, Emma. "Génération et optimisation du signal sous-harmonique des agents de constraste ultrasonore". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3311/document.
Texto completoNo summary available
Payen, de la Garanderie Thomas. "Quantification et contrôle du ciblage d'agents de contraste ultrasonore pour l'imagerie de l'effet thérapeutique in vivo". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066647.
Texto completoThe objective of this research was to develop and validate techniques for dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) for targeted monitoring of antiangiogenic therapy. The first part of the work implemented protocols to obtain a more robust evaluation of the tumor vascularization with DCE-US. Methods were validated for the quantification of the echo-power based on compressed video images such as those widely provided by clinical ultrasound systems. A controlled injection system was demonstrated to significantly reduce variability of DCE-US bolus-injection parameter assessments in mice. Finally, the sensitivity of these parameters to calibrated modifications in vitro of the microbubble concentration, injected volume, flow rate and flow-channel diameter were investigated. The microvascular function and VEGFR2 expression were then characterized in two different murine tumor models to demonstrate the sensitivity of the DCE-US techniques to heterogeneity and modifications during tumor development. The model presenting most marked expression of VEGFR2 was retained to test feasibility of discrimination between therapeutic response directly suppressing VEGFR2 and response with microvascular modifications but no direct VEGFR2 suppression. Sensitive analysis required local assessment of VEGFR2 marking in regions of the tumor with detectable contrast enhancement and provided early (4 days of therapy) discrimination of the anti-VEGFR2 response. Elimination of sources of measurement variability and evaluation of targeted-marking within the context of the heterogeneous microvascular network are essential in obtaining sensitive evaluation of therapeutic response in vivo
Lamuraglia, Michele. "Evaluation de l'angiogénèse tumorale : Analyse de la cinétique de prise de contraste ultrasonore des tumeurs". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA11T093.
Texto completoLabat, Valérie. "Etude de la propagation non linéaire d'une onde acoustique dans les produits de contraste ultrasonore". Tours, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOUR4039.
Texto completoLucidarme, Olivier. "Quantification non invasive de la microcirculation par imagerie ultrasonore fonctionnelle de contraste avec les techniques de destruction reperfusion". Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002118320204611&vid=upec.
Texto completoOur aim was to study the potential for quantitative contrast enhanced functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) to assess microcirculation. We described in vitro and in vivo the "entrance in the section phenomenon" that introduces a distortion of the refilling curves when the vessels that feed the region or interest have previouslv traveled across the ultrasound tield. We validated in vitro a b model based on the destruction phase of microhuhbles during ultrasound emission. This model allows the estimation of quantitative flow data during acquisitions of only 1 or 2 seconds. We finally studied a non tumor angiogenesis model in 36 mice. Ultrasound measurement (during the destruction phase) ot' the Uractional blood volume in a gel impregnated with growth exhihited a higher correlation vith the fractional vascularized area of gel than with the microvascular density. Microbubble velocity assessed on fUSI did not change as mi crocirculation increased
Lucidarme, Olivier Berger Geneviève. "Quantification non invasive de la microcirculation par imagerie ultrasonore fonctionnelle de contraste avec les techniques de destruction reperfusion". Créteil : Université de Paris-Val-de-Marne, 2003. http://doxa.scd.univ-paris12.fr:80/theses/th0211832.pdf.
Texto completoHoeffel, Christine. "Echographie de contraste et microcirculation tissulaire abdominale. Aspects fondamentaux et applications cliniques". Reims, 2009. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00001104.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this work was to study the potential for contrast-enhanced functional ultrasound imaging (Cefui) to assess the abdominal microcirculation, according to three major axes of research: 1) The first axis consisted in proposing and validating a new method improving non invasive contrast-enhanced renal blood flow measurements, using the mean signal intensity in a feeding artery in order to normalize contrast-enhanced renal blood flow estimation. However, while these ex vivo results suggest that this technique has great potentials, other parameters, mainly ultrasound beam attenuation, must be taken into account to obtain reproducible measurements. 2) The second axis consisted in evaluating qualitative abdominal Cefui for tumoral detection. For the detection of liver metastases from carcinoid tumor, the first study reports sensitivity values for contrast-enhanced ultrasound similar to those obtained with enhanced computed tomography. The second study demonstrates that Cefui provides high specificity and predictive values for the early detection of residual tumor after radiofrequency ablation of renal tumors even though its sensitivity remains lower than that of contrast-enhanced CT. 3) The third axis deals with added diagnostic value in terms of characterization of renal tumors of quantitative assessment of tumor perfusion compared to that of qualitative analysis. Abdominal Cefui has unique advantages including low cost, availability, absence of renal toxicity and radiation, and excellent temporal resolution. However, it still requires improvements and standardization to be reproducible and be transferred to the clinical setting. It may somehow yield quantitative information with respect to abdominal organs microcirculation. Further studies correlating Cefui results with those of other functional imaging methods are needed
Thaibaoui, Abdelhakim. "Segmentation floue d'images fondee sur une methode optimale de rehaussement de contraste : application a la detection des drusen sur des images d'angiographie retinienne". Paris 12, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA120062.
Texto completoKissi, Adelaïde. "Equations aux dérivées partielles et classification non exclusive pour l'analyse d'images échographiques de contraste". Tours, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOUR3306.
Texto completoColorectal carcinoma is a prevalent disease in Europe and United States. Despite of progress in detection, the prognosis of survival is weak : over 50% of patients will survive for five years, with the majority dying within the first two years. More than 30 % of carcinoma spread in liver, from overt micro metastasis, due to specific drainage of blood or to specific liver cells. The particular vascularization of liver by two different systems ( hepatic artery and portal vein) implies some changes in the balance between these two systems during the development of tumour. It is often accepted that for small liver lesions ( below 1 mm), blood supply is provided by portal vein. But, with the growing up of these tumours, an arterial supply is required entailing increase in arterial blood flow. It is therefore essential to depict these blood flow changes to detect and characterize lesions by imaging this specific vascularization. An early detection and a precise quantification of their vascularization would improve the diagnosis. Various methods could be used for this application. One of them is the Doppler sonography that allows the depiction of vascularity but is limited by its lack of sensibility and specifity. The nonlinear imaging, a contrast specific imaging technique, overcomes theses limitations, by the use of ultrasound contrast agents (microbubbles), improving tumours detection and characterization. As they are strictly intravascular, a perfect image of micro as macro vascularization can be made providing a quantitative study of perfusion. Thus, the purpose of my thesis was to quantify the liver arterial perfusion from the analysis of the image enhancement, in power Doppler mode, after an injection of ultrasound contrast agents. The perfusion has been estimated, in a regional basis (often the lesion), to extract physiological parameters in this area with two methods: a fully-automated tracking of lesion in image sequences via a segmentation based on a modification of the well known fuzzy competitive agglomerative clustering coupled with an anisotropic diffusion and a region of interest repositioning with optical flow estimation from structure tensor field. The method has been tested on varied lesions (metastasis, adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia) and the results show that the assessment of lesion vascularization from our segmentation process can potentially be used for the diagnostic of liver carcinoma
Boyer, Laure. "Imagerie multiparamétrique en échographie de contraste ultrasonore (DCE-US) pour caractériser la vascularisation tumorale : de la modélisation numérique à l'expérimentation préclinique". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS161.
Texto completoEvaluation of tumor vascularization by dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed interest for the assessment of the effectiveness of anti-angiogenic treatments. Nevertheless, this technique raises many questions about the sensitivity of quantification methods of the ultrasound signal. To address this issue, this thesis focused on the development of the first digital modeling of blood flow and contrast agents in vascular networks to study the methods of quantification of the ultrasound signal and theirs sensitivity according to variations of tumor network volume and blood velocity. A first step of the thesis was to validate by an experimental comparison, the assumptions of the digital modeling and mainly the taking into account of the blood as a homogeneous Newtonian fluid. Digital modeling allowed to highlight parameters sensitive to the modification of the blood flow which are in the case of the semi-quantitative method the area under the enhancement curve, the maximum of the enhancement curve and the slope of the enhancement curve. When it comes to follow variations of the tumor vascular volume, it appears that the quantitative method by deconvolution of the arterial function is more sensitive. The quantification methods have also been investigated throught an in vivo study of 44 mice. This digital approach of the flow of the contrast agents is promising and may eventually enable a more extensive evaluation of other quantification methods developed in dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography to date
Dizeux, Alexandre. "Caractérisation ultrasonore de l'angiogenèse, de l'élasticité et de la microstructure tumorale sous l'effet de thérapies conventionnelles et innovantes". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066113/document.
Texto completoTumor development is complex process made possible thanks to the microenvironment surrounding tumor cell. Modifications induced by tumor cells on their environment enable their own development by remodeling tissues sustaining them and by creating a new vascular network (angiogenesis). The use of several antiangiogenic therapies, inhibiting the sprout of a new vascular network, has been authorized in clinic. These therapies induce strong modifications in tumors at the functional level and following tumor size changes are is not sufficient to fully characterize tumor modifications. The main goal of this thesis was to use different ultrasound-based imaging modalities in order to assess their sensitivity to modifications induced in murine tumor model (colorectal and lung carcinomas) during different type of therapy (chemical: cytotoxic, antiangiogenic / physical: cold plasma, sonosensitization). Modifications of the spatial distribution of microvessels and their functionality were characterized using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), alteration of tumor microstructure was assessed using spectral analysis of radiofrequency signal, known as quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and finally variations of mechanical properties in tumor tissues were measured in shear wave elastography (SWE). In order to better understand the origin of the modifications observed in vivo, standard parameters such as level of fibrosis and necrosis were characterize ex vivo in tumor tissue using immunochemistry as gold standard
Irrera, Paolo. "Traitement d'images de radiographie à faible dose : Débruitage et rehaussement de contraste conjoints et détection automatique de points de repère anatomiques pour l'estimation de la qualité des images". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0031/document.
Texto completoWe aim at reducing the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) dose limits for images acquired with EOS full-body system by means of image processing techniques. Two complementary approaches are studied. First, we define a post-processing method that optimizes the trade-off between acquired image quality and X-ray dose. The Non-Local means filter is extended to restore EOS images. We then study how to combine it with a multi-scale contrast enhancement technique. The image quality for the diagnosis is optimized by defining non-parametric noise containment maps that limit the increase of noise depending on the amount of local redundant information captured by the filter. Secondly, we estimate exposure index (EI) values on EOS images which give an immediate feedback on image quality to help radiographers to verify the correct exposure level of the X-ray examination. We propose a landmark detection based approach that is more robust to potential outliers than existing methods as it exploits the redundancy of local estimates. Finally, the proposed joint denoising and contrast enhancement technique significantly increases the image quality with respect to an algorithm used in clinical routine. Robust image quality indicators can be automatically associated with clinical EOS images. Given the consistency of the measures assessed on preview images, these indices could be used to drive an exposure management system in charge of defining the optimal radiation exposure
Danesi, Paolo. "Le contraste et la computation phonologique dans l'apprentissage des primitives phonologiques : Une analyse des harmonies vocaliques de rehaussement basée sur des primitives émergentes en Radical Substance Free Phonology". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2040.
Texto completoRaising Vowel Harmony-RVH is a harmonic process that affects the height of vowels. In presence of high vowels, mid-vowels of a word raise. RVH displays a peculiar property: raising may be scalar or complete. Scalar RVH raise vowels by a degree of height, while complete RVH turn any vowel into a high vowel regardless of its lexical height. RVH may also be asymmetric: not all expected triggers actually trigger the harmony, or not all expected targets are affected (a high vowel may not trigger RVH though being high, or a mid-vowel may not raise while all other mid-vowels do). In the case of parasitism, some targets undergo VH only if they share a property with the trigger. The cross-linguistic properties of RVH are explored through a typological survey. Original fieldwork shows that three similar Eastern Lombard dialects display different RVHs. In Bresciano all mid-vowels are affected by raising ; in Bergamasco RVH targets only rounded mid-vowels. In Camuno RVH is parasitic : rounded vowels undergo raising whenever they are followed by high vowels, while unrounded vowels do so only if the triggering vowel is also unrounded. It is shown that theories able to formalize asymmetries encounter problems with scalar raising patterns, while theories that address the scalar nature of raising are unable to handle asymmetric RVH. It is argued that asymmetries and parasitic RVH are a form of crazy rules (Bach & Harms 1972, Chabot 2021): the class of mid vowels splits into a subset that undergoes raising and another that does not. This requires the existence of phonologically active classes (Mielke 2008), rather than of phonetically natural classes. It is argued that RVHs can only be described when phonological patterning alone defines which segments share a given prime. Given this background, it appears that the origin of the problems of existing analyses of RVH is the shared assumption that melodic primes as well as their phonetic correlates are universal and innate. Most theories assume the existence of a fixed set of primes that is universal and innate, where the phonetic correlate of every prime is given at birth and is the same in all languages. The alternative (Radical Substance Free Phonology) is a theory based on emergent primes, which argues that primes and their phonetic correlates are learned. There are no primes at the initial state : children are born with the knowledge that there are primes and that they will need to construct them based on environmental information. Primes are language-specific and have an arbitrary correlation with phonetics, which depends on contrast and behavior of segments in phonological processing (Mielke 2008, Dresher 2014). Different models of prime emergence are compared (Dresher 2014, Sandstedt 2018, Odden 2022). These proposals consider contrast and phonological processing as factors in prime emergence. For Dresher and Sandstedt contrast and processing are equally important, while for Odden processing has a logical precedence over contrast. In an environment where primes such as α β are used, different theories of computation may produce different prime specifications. This thesis argues for an approach to computation where only addition and subtraction of primes are allowed. This corresponds to the state of computation in Autosegmentalism, where primes may be either linked or delinked. On the representational side, this thesis endorses unary primes. It is shown that Sandstedt's model fails to account for scalar raising patterns and Odden's approach can build the required sets of representations for both parasitic and scalar RVH. It can also account for morphologically conditioned processes based on the fact that emergent primes entail phonetic arbitrariness, i.e. an interface between phonetics and phonology where mappings are arbitrary. Odden's approach is formally simpler than the others: processing alone guides the learner to prime specifications without recurring to other additional assumptions
Irrera, Paolo. "Traitement d'images de radiographie à faible dose : Débruitage et rehaussement de contraste conjoints et détection automatique de points de repère anatomiques pour l'estimation de la qualité des images". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENST0031.
Texto completoWe aim at reducing the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) dose limits for images acquired with EOS full-body system by means of image processing techniques. Two complementary approaches are studied. First, we define a post-processing method that optimizes the trade-off between acquired image quality and X-ray dose. The Non-Local means filter is extended to restore EOS images. We then study how to combine it with a multi-scale contrast enhancement technique. The image quality for the diagnosis is optimized by defining non-parametric noise containment maps that limit the increase of noise depending on the amount of local redundant information captured by the filter. Secondly, we estimate exposure index (EI) values on EOS images which give an immediate feedback on image quality to help radiographers to verify the correct exposure level of the X-ray examination. We propose a landmark detection based approach that is more robust to potential outliers than existing methods as it exploits the redundancy of local estimates. Finally, the proposed joint denoising and contrast enhancement technique significantly increases the image quality with respect to an algorithm used in clinical routine. Robust image quality indicators can be automatically associated with clinical EOS images. Given the consistency of the measures assessed on preview images, these indices could be used to drive an exposure management system in charge of defining the optimal radiation exposure
Hingot, Vincent. "Development of ultrasound localization microscopy to measure cerebral perfusion during stroke : a study in mouse models prior to its translation in humans". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS562.
Texto completoUltrasonography is a medical imaging technique that uses ultrasound. A typical examination is based on two main modes, B-mode for anatomical imaging and Doppler mode for blood flowimaging. In the context of cerebrovascular diseases, ultrasonography is used primarily to estimate alterations in blood flow in major cerebral arteries through transcranial Doppler. However, the low quality of the images through the skull does not allow ultrasound to be as efficient as magnetic resonance imaging. Recent advances in ultrasound have led to the emergence of new modes of imaging, particularly a super-resolution ultrasound technique that increases the resolution and contrast of vascular imaging. It is based on the rapid imaging of microbubbles commonly used as contrast agents for ultrasound. This method has shown that it can image even the smallest vessels and allows to perform cerebral perfusion imaging more effectively than Transcranial Doppler. This would allow earlier and more effective management of stroke patients. Before being used in a medical context, this ultrasound super-resolution technique must be better understood, better realized, and adapted to the particular context of cerebrovascular diseases. In particular, this manuscript will discuss how to best form images, and will look at the actual performance of super-resolved imaging. We will also discuss the possibilities of correcting artefacts due to physiological movements and the possibilities of using super-resolved imaging in various organs, particularly the kidneys, tumors and spinal cord. Finally, imaging of models of cerebral ischemia in rodents will enable the construction of vascular biomarkers suitable for the diagnosis of cerebrovascular pathologies and should aid translation into human patients
Gauthier, Marianne. "Etude de l’influence de l’entrée artérielle tumorale par modélisation numérique et in vitro en imagerie de contraste ultrasonore. : application clinique pour l’évaluation des thérapies ciblées en cancérologie". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T088.
Texto completoDynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCE-US) is currently used as a functional imaging technique for evaluating anti-angiogenic therapies. A mathematical model has been developed by the UPRES EA 4040, Paris-Sud university and the Gustave Roussy Institute to evaluate semi-quantitative microvascularization parameters directly from time-intensity curves. But DCE-US evaluation of such parameters does not yet take into account physiological variations of the patient or even the way the contrast agent is injected as opposed to other functional modalities (dynamic magnetic resonance imaging or perfusion scintigraphy). The aim of my PhD was to develop a deconvolution process dedicated to the DCE-US imaging, which is currently used as a routine method in other imaging modalities. Such a process would allow access to quantitatively-defined microvascularization parameters since it would provide absolute evaluation of the tumor blood flow, the tumor blood volume and the mean transit time. This PhD has been led according to three main goals. First, we developed a deconvolution method involving the creation of a quantification tool and validation through studies of the microvascularization parameter variability. Evaluation and comparison of intra-operator variabilities demonstrated a decrease in the coefficients of variation from 30% to 13% when microvascularization parameters were extracted using the deconvolution process. Secondly, we evaluated sources of variation that influence microvascularization parameters concerning both the experimental conditions and the physiological conditions of the tumor. Finally, we performed a retrospective study involving 12 patients for whom we evaluated the benefit of the deconvolution process: we compared the evolution of the quantitative and semi-quantitative microvascularization parameters based on tumor responses evaluated by the RECIST criteria obtained through a scan performed after 2 months. Deconvolution is a promising process that may allow an earlier, more robust evaluation of anti-angiogenic treatments than the DCE-US method in current clinical use
Asquier, Nicolas. "Etude des moyens de caractérisation de l’ouverture de la barrière hémato-encéphalique induite par un dispositif ultrasonore implantable". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1330/document.
Texto completoThe blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protection of the central nervous system. However, it limits the delivery of many drugs to the brain tissues. It can be temporarily disrupted by ultrasound exposure combined with intravenous injection of microbubbles. In this manuscript, BBB disruption with an implantable unfocused ultrasound device is studied. An automatic method for quantifying the volume of BBB disruption using MR images from a phase 1/2a clinical study in patients with reccurent glioblastoma was assessed and validated. A correlation between the probability of disruption and the local acoustic pressure was found. Microbubbles cavitation activity was studied in vitro to better understand its effect on BBB disruption. The uncertainty on the amplitudes of cavitation signals recorded with a passive single-element detector (PCD) through the skull was quantified. A position-based correction of the PCD signal was assessed and validated. The effect of the volume of a cavitation cloud in the unfocused ultrasound field on the signal amplitude recorded by the PCD during the clinical treatment was discussed. Two methods for localizing and discriminating cavitation sources in a transcranial context were evaluated by simulations and in vitro
Pierre, Fabien. "Méthodes variationnelles pour la colorisation d’images, de vidéos, et la correction des couleurs". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0250/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with problems related to color. In particular, we are interested inproblems which arise in image and video colorization and contrast enhancement. When considering color images composed of two complementary information, oneachromatic (without color) and the other chromatic (in color), the applications studied in this thesis are based on the processing one of these information while preserving its complement. In colorization, the challenge is to compute a color image while constraining its gray-scale channel. Contrast enhancement aims to modify the intensity channel of an image while preserving its hue.These joined problems require to formally study the RGB space geometry. In this work, it has been shown that the classical color spaces of the literature designed to solve these classes of problems lead to errors. An novel algorithm, called luminance-hue specification, which computes a color with a given hue and luminance is described in this thesis. The extension of this method to a variational framework has been proposed. This model has been used successfully to enhance color images, using well-known assumptions about the human visual system. The state-of-the-art methods for image colorization fall into two categories. The first category includes those that diffuse color scribbles drawn by the user (manual colorization). The second consists of those that benefits from a reference color image or a base of reference images to transfer the colors from the reference to the grayscale image (exemplar-based colorization). Both approach have their advantages and drawbacks. In this thesis, we design a variational model for exemplar-based colorization which is extended to a method unifying the manual colorization and the exemplar-based one. Finally, we describe two variational models to colorize videos in interaction with the user
Sbeity, Fatima. "Identification et modélisation de systèmes non linéaires générant des sous et ultra-harmoniques : Application à l'imagerie ultrasonore sous et ultra-harmonique". Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062555.
Texto completoDaher, Hani. "Contribution à l'analyse de la dynamique des écritures anciennes pour l'aide à l'expertise paléographique". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834687.
Texto completoLin, Fanglue. "Ultrasound contrast imaging with multi-pulse transmission". Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018646.
Texto completoAzizian, Kalkhoran Mohammad. "Design and development of a universal handheld probe for optoacoustic-ultrasonic 3D imaging". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI027/document.
Texto completoWhen the interest is in multiscale and multipurpose imaging, there exists such a will in integrating multi-modalilties into a synergistic paradigm in order to leverage the diagnostic values of the interrogating agents. Employing multiple wavelengths radiation, optoacoustic imaging benefits from the optical contrast to specifically resolve molecular structure of tissue in a non-invasive manner. Hybridizing optoacoustic and ultrasound imaging comes with the promises of delivering the complementary morphological, functional and metabolic information of the tissue. This dissertation is mainly devoted to the design and characterization of a hybridized universal handheld probe for optoacoustic ultrasound volumetric imaging and developing adaptive reconstruction algorithms toward the physical requirements of the designed system. The distinguishing features of this dissertation are the introduction of a new geometry for optoacoustic ultrasonic handheld probe and systematic assessments based on pre and post reconstruction methods. To avoid the biased interpretation, a de facto performance assessment being capable of evaluating the potentials of the designed probe in an unbiased manner must be practiced. The aforementioned features establish a framework for characterization of the imaging system performance in an accurate manner. Moreover, it allows further task performance optimization as well. Correspondingly, two advanced reconstruction algorithms have been elaborated towards the requirement of the designed optoacoustic-ultrasound (OPUS) imaging system in order to maximize its ability to produce images with homogeneous contrast and resolution over the entire volume of interest. This interest is mainly due to the fact that the medical data analysis pipeline is often carried out in challenging conditions, since one has to deal with noise, low contrast, limited projections and undesirable transformations operated by the acquisition system. The presented thesis shows how reconstruction artifacts can be reduced by compensating for the detecting aperture properties and alleviate artifacts due to sparse angular sampling. In pursuit of transferring this methodology to clinic and validating the theoretical results, a synthetic imaging platform was developed. Using the measurement system, the evolution of a novel sparse annular geometry and its dynamics has been investigated and a proof of concept was demonstrated via experimental measurement with the intention of benchmarking progress
Pašović, Mirza. "Tissue harmonic reduction : application to ultrasound contrast harmonic imaging". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10060.
Texto completoUltrasound contrast agents are small micro bubbles that respond nonlinearly when exposed to ultrasound wave. The nonlinear response gives possibility of harmonic ultrasound images which has many advantages over fundamental imaging. However, to increase ultrasound contrast harmonic imaging performance we must first understand nonlinear propagation of ultrasound wave. Nonlinear propagation distorts the propagating wave such that higher harmonics appear as the wave is propagating. The theory that was laid down, was allowed implementing a new method of modelling nonlinear ultrasound propagation. The knowledge obtained during this process was used to construct a multiple component second harmonic reduction signal for reduction of their harmonics generated due to the tissue nonlinearities. As a consequence detection of ultrasound contrast agents at higher harmonics was increased. Further more, a powerful ultrasound imaging technique called Pulse Inversion, was further enhanced with multiple component second harmonic reduction signal. What was learned during investigation of the Pulse Inversion, technique lead to a new phase coded ultrasound contrast harmonic method called second harmonic inversion;. Also it was noted that for different type of media the level of distortion of ultrasound pulse is different. It depends largely on the nonlinear parameter B / A. Although the work on this parameter has not been finished it is very important to continue in this direction since B / A imaging with ultrasound contrast agents has a lot of potential
Daher, Hani. "Contribution à l'analyse de la dynamique des écritures anciennes pour l'aide à l'expertise paléographique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05S017.
Texto completoMy thesis work is part of the ANR GRAPHEM Project (Grapheme based Retrieval andAnalysis for Expertise paleographic Manuscripts of Middle Age). It represents a methodologicalcontribution applicable to the automatic analysis of ancient writings to assist the experts inpaleography in the delicate work of the studying and deciphering the writing.The main objective is to contribute to an instrumentation of the corpus of medievalmanuscripts held by “Institut de Recherche en Histoire de Textes” (IRHT-Paris), by helping thepaleographers specialized in this field in their work of understanding the evolution of forms inthe writing, with the establishment of effective methods to access the contents of manuscriptsbased on a fine analysis of the forms described in the form of small fragments (graphemes). Inmy PhD work, I chose to study the dynamic of the most basic element of the writing called theductus and which according to the paleographers, brings a lot of information on the style ofwriting and the era of the elaboration of the manuscript.My major contribution is situated at two levels: a first step of preprocessing of severelydegraded images to ensure an optimal decomposition of the forms into graphemes containingthe ductus information. For this decomposition step of manuscripts, we have proceeded to theestablishment of a complete methodology for the tracings of strokes by the extraction of theskeleton obtained from the contrast enhancement and the diffusion of the gradient procedures.The complete tracking of the strokes was obtained from the application of fundamentalexecution rules of the strokes taught to the scribes of the Middle Ages. It is related to thedynamic information of the formation of strokes focusing essentially on indications of theprivileged directions.In a second step, we have tried to characterize the graphemes by visual shape descriptorsunderstandable by both the computer scientists and the paleographers and thus unsuring themost complete possible representation of the wrting from a geometrical and morphological pointof view. From this characterization, we have have proposed a clustering approach insuring agrouping of graphemes into homogeneous classes by using a non-supervised classificationalgorithm based on the graph coloring. The result of the clustering of graphemes led to theformation of a codebook characterizing in an individual and discriminating way each processedmanuscript. We have also studied the discriminating power of the descriptors in order to obtaina better representation of a manuscript into a codebook. This study was done by exploiting thegenetic algorithms by their ability to produce a good feature selection.The set of the contributions was tested from a CBIR application on three databases ofmanuscripts including two medieval databases (manuscripts from the Oxford and IRHTdatabases), and database of containing contemporary manuscripts used in the writersidentification contest of ICDAR 2011. The exploitation of our description and classificationmethod was applied on a cotemporary database in order to position our contribution withrespect to other relevant works in the writrings identification domain and study itsgeneralization power to other types of manuscripts. The very encouraging results that weobtained on the medieval and contemporary databases, showed the robustness of our approachto the variations of the shapes and styles and its resolutely generalized character to all types ofhandwritten documents
Louis, Jean-Sébastien. "Développements en IRM quantitative de perfusion pour le diagnostic de fibrose myocardique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0061.
Texto completoHeart failure represents a major public health issue in western world. It is a complex syndrome that could be the cause and/or the consequence of underlying pathologies such interstitial diffuse fibrosis. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the reference imaging modality for soft tissue assessment and especially the myocardium. Several imaging biomarkers such relaxation time T1 or extracellular volume fraction (ECV) have proven their diagnostic power in term of sensitivity and specificity. MRI with contrast agent injection has also demonstrated its usefulness in diagnostic of post-infarct local fibrosis for instance. Dynamic contrast enhancement (DCE) is widely investigated for its supposed ability to discriminate areas from which perfusion/permeability properties have been altered by the presence of fibrosis deposition. We hypothesized that the quantification of myocardial permeability and the estimation of the extracellular extravascular volume fraction Ve could led to a better detection of diffuse fibrosis. Consequently, we investigated the possibility of a shorter protocol for the evaluation of ECV. In this manuscript, we first present the methodological developments that allow the quantitative analysis of DCE cardiac MRI. This implied the development of a post-processing method for Arterial Input Function reconstruction, allowing DCE quantification without the need of specific sequences or protocols. A post-processing algorithm for perfusion images registration have been developed for pixel-wise parametric maps reconstruction. Data acquisition have been simulated in a Monte-Carlo fashion in order to assess the impact of acquisition strategies on parameters accuracy. This eventually led to the design of the shortest possible imaging strategy for Ve quantification. Secondly, clinical results obtained with our quantitative DCE analysis framework have been confronted to those obtained with classical ECV method for diffuse fibrosis detection. Correlation between those two parameters have been found a group of 12 patients presenting mitral valve prolapses. Permutation test on Ve distribution allowed us to show a significant difference between two groups the same way the ECV values did. The presented work describes a full quantitative DCE analysis framework that could allow to a shorter imaging protocol for extracellular extravascular estimation for diffuse myocardial fibrosis diagnosis