Bibliografías temáticas / Regulation of food intake

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Regulation of food intake"

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Publicado: 22 de junio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Regulation of food intake":

Danker-Hopfe, Heidi, Kirsten Roczen y Ute Löwenstein-Wagner. "Regulation of food intake during the menstrual cycle". Anthropologischer Anzeiger 53, n.º 3 (28 de junio de 1995): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/53/1995/231.

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Klein, Samuel. "Regulation of Food Intake". Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 32, n.º 5 (septiembre de 2008): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0148607108321710.

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FURUSE, Mitsuhiro. "Food Intake Regulation in Poultry." Japanese poultry science 33, n.º 5 (1996): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.33.275.

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Seeley, RJ y MW Schwartz. "Neuroendocrine regulation of food intake". Acta Paediatrica 88, s428 (febrero de 1999): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1999.tb14352.x.

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Cummings, David E. y Joost Overduin. "Gastrointestinal regulation of food intake". Journal of Clinical Investigation 117, n.º 1 (2 de enero de 2007): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci30227.

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Chaptini, Louis y Steven Peikin. "Neuroendocrine regulation of food intake". Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 24, n.º 2 (marzo de 2008): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mog.0b013e3282f3f4d8.

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York, David A. "Metabolic Regulation of Food Intake". Nutrition Reviews 48, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2009): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02907.x.

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Karhunen, Leila y Karl-Heinz Herzig. "Neuroendocrinological regulation of food intake". Regulatory Peptides 149, n.º 1-3 (agosto de 2008): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2008.03.013.

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BIRCH, LEANN L. y JENNIFER O. FISHER. "Food Intake Regulation in Children." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 819, n.º 1 Nutritional I (mayo de 1997): 194–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb51809.x.

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Cupples, W. A. "Physiological regulation of food intake". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 288, n.º 6 (junio de 2005): R1438—R1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00195.2005.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Regulation of food intake":

Klockars, Anica. "Non-caloric regulation of food intake". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för neurovetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-223809.

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Food intake is shaped by environmental, endocrine, metabolic, and reward-related signals. A change in appetite is an outcome of integration of the relevant external and internal stimuli. While the main purpose of eating is to reverse a negative energy balance, mechanisms protecting homeostasis change appetite for other reasons. This thesis examines the role of select brain mechanisms in regulating consumption driven by aspects other than energy. In paper I, an increased percentage of c-Fos positive OT neurons was observed after mice ingested sucrose, while no change was found after Intralipid intake. Given a choice between isocaloric sugar and Intralipid solutions, mice injected with an OT receptor antagonist increase their preference for sucrose, while total calorie intake remains unchanged, suggesting that OT prevents overconsumption of sugar. Paper II addresses whether MCH, which has anxiolytic properties and mediates reward-motivated feeding, has the ability to alleviate conditioned taste aversion in rats. We found that while mRNA expression of MCH and its receptor are changed in aversive animals, central injections of MCH do not prevent the acquisition of aversion, nor do they affect the rate of extinction of the taste aversion. Paper III describes evidence that the N/OFQ system facilitates food intake by alleviating aversive responsiveness. Blocking the NOP receptor delays extinction of aversion and reduces food intake in hungry rats. Paper IV reports that leucine ingestion increases mRNA expression levels of genes known to mediate reward, as well as orexigenic gene expression in the nucleus accumbens (Nacc), a key component of the reward circuit. Adding leucine to drinking water increases activity of the reward system, which possibly contributes to the pleasure of consumption. A separate approach using Drosophila melanogaster is introduced in paper V which provides evidence that knocking down the gene for the transcription factor Ets96B during development results in a simultaneous disruption in sleep patterns and appetite, thus highlighting the interplay between these physiological parameters. We conclude that OT, MCH, N/OFQ and Ets96B belong to mechanisms regulating food intake for reasons other than energy balance. Composition of food and negative associations with diets affect neural networks controlling appetite.

Van, der Velde Peter. "Regulation of gastric emptying and food intake". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ47918.pdf.

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Beale, Kylie Emma Louise. "Central regulation of food intake and reproduction". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7096.

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The work described in this thesis investigates the actions of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in the control of energy homeostasis and reproduction. Cerebellin 1 (Cbln1) is a 16-amino acid peptide abundantly expressed in the cerebellum and the hypothalamus. I have shown that Cbln1 increases food intake when administered centrally to rats, and that this effect may be partly mediated by neuropeptide Y. I have also demonstrated that Cbln1 mRNA expression within the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus is up-regulated following a 48-hour fast, suggesting that Cbln1 may have a physiological role in the control of food intake. In addition to hypothalamic centres, the reward system has an important role in the control of feeding. The melanocortin system has a well characterised role in the homeostatic control of food intake. My work suggests that the melanocortin system may also have a previously unknown role within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the hedonic control of feeding. Intra- VTA administration of a melanocortin agonist reduced, whereas an antagonist increased, food intake in rats. My work suggests that the VTA melanocortin system may act upstream of dopamine signalling to influence feeding. Kisspeptin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide with a crucial role in reproduction. The hypothalamus contains two populations of kisspeptin neurones, located in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. The physiological role of these two populations is unknown. I used recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) to suppress kisspeptin expression within the Arc in female rats. Animals injected bilaterally into the Arc with rAAV-kisspeptin antisense had significantly fewer oestrous cycles, and an increase in oestrous cycle length, compared to controls. In summary, these studies have identified novel roles for Cbln1 and the melanocortin system in the control of food intake, and have demonstrated the importance of Arc kisspeptin signalling in the regulation of reproduction.

Wardle, Frances Jane. "Dietary restraint and the regulation of food intake". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396815.

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Zhang, Jin. "Central cannabinoid regulation of food intake in chickens". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33707.

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Marijuana has been used for medicinal and recreational purposes for thousands of years. Many people think of marijuana in the context of an illegal drug. Because of the antimarijuana attitude, research with cannabinoids was neglected for a long time. Although this substance is related to social problems, scientists are interested in its action and possible medicinal properties. Since the identification of the structure of Î 9--tetrahydrocannabinol, the main psychoactive ingredient of marijuana, there has been increased interest in this compound. Following the discovery of two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2 receptors, it was determined that CB1 receptors are in high density in the central nervous system while CB2 receptors are found primarily in the immune system. The endogenous cannabinoid ligands, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, were observed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues. Endocannabinoids differ from other "classical" neurotransmitters because they do not appear to be stored in synaptic vesicles, and they act as retrograde messengers within the brain. The endogenous cannabinoid signaling system includes cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands called endocannabinoids, and the proteins for their synthesis and inactivation. The cannabinoid system appears to act as a neuromodulatory system. During the past ten years, the endogenous cannabinoid system has been implicated in a variety of physiological functions including pain reduction, motor regulation, learning, memory, and reward. Because obesity and eating disorders are prevalent, scientists are working at the molecular level to study the mechanisms controlling body weight and regulation of food intake. Several of the neuropeptides present in hypothalamic nuclei contribute to energy balance and food intake regulation. Endogenous cannabinoid and cannobinoid receptors are found in the hypothalamus and are associated with the regulation of food intake. Although the mechanisms whereby cannabinoids influence food intake remain unclear, results suggest that the cannabinoid system will be an important target in future studies in obesity. Most research on cannabinoids has focused on their role in food intake regulation in mammalian species. It is important to determine the role of endocannabinoids in other species. The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of agonists and antagonists of both CB1 and CB2 receptors in 8 to 11 week-old male Single Comb White Leghorn and 3 to 6 weeks old male broilers was investigated. It was found that agonists of both the CB1 and CB2 receptor increased food intake significantly; however, the CB2 receptor agonist had a stronger and longer lasting effect. Antagonists of both receptors decreased food intake significantly. The CB1 receptor antagonist appeared to block both cannabinoid receptors in birds, whereas the CB2 receptor antagonist did not block both receptors. Previous studies have indicated that the CB2 receptor is found only outside the brain and spinal cord, and is involved with the immune system. From the present results, it appears that both cannabinoid receptors are present in the chicken brain. Furthermore, the CB2 receptor may also be localize in the chicken brain. There are also differences in cannabinoid system between Leghorn and broilers.
Master of Science

Williamson, Patricia S. "Regulation of food intake in zinc-deficient rats /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3025663.

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Jarvandi, Soghra. "Learning processes in food intake". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111915.

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Learning processes play a major role in controlling intake of food. Through repeated experiences an animal acquires the ability to predict the postingestive effects of a particular food (i.e., of its nutrients and energy) from its sensory characteristics. What is unclear from the literature, however, is whether an animal can anticipate the duration of subsequent food deprivation from predictive sensory qualities of a food, and hence increase the amount eaten of that cueing food. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the characteristics of this under-researched type of learning, i.e., anticipatory eating, using laboratory rats trained on two lengths of fasting (short: 2-3 h, long: 8-10 h). The main findings were as follows. 1) Anticipatory eating is learnt when a choice is given between protein- and carbohydrate-rich foods as well as on a single balanced test food. 2) The learnt extra intake of food is instrumental to preventing the return of hunger, removal of which negative reinforcement extinguishes the response. 3) The resulting return of hunger induces re-learning of anticipatory eating. 4) During the training sessions, learning of anticipatory eating competes with classical conditioning of sensory preference. Conditioning of preference is likely to be stronger with the shorter than with the longer length of fasting. Therefore, the difference between intakes before the long and the short fast at each trial is the summed result of these two mechanisms of acquired increase in intake. While preference conditioning usually reaches a maximum rapidly, depletion-avoidance increases for as long as has been tested, with interruptions of rapid self-extinction and re-learning, This self-extinction contributes to the homeostatic character of this learning. 5) High-fat maintenance diet attenuates the learning of anticipatory eating. Overall, the findings provided robust evidence that eating in rats can be controlled by instrumental learning reinforced by hunger. Accordingly, the design of an experiment on such instrumental control of eating in human subjects is proposed to conclude this thesis.

Wang, Jinxin. "Mechanisms of hypothalamic regulation of food intake in birds". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83485.

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Energy homeostasis is essential for survival across all vertebrate species and involves a multitude of physiological systems that are regulated by both central and peripheral neural signaling. The hypothalamus is responsible for integrating and processing these signals and thus is regarded as the regulatory center for balancing energy homeostasis. Eating disorders, such as compulsive eating behavior associated with obesity, and anorexia, are significant public health concerns worldwide. Thus, studying appetite regulation is necessary to provide novel information for the design of solutions for health concerns that stem from altered energy intake. Such information is also relevant for improving chicken health and productivity in an agricultural setting. The objective of this dissertation research was to determine the hypothalamic mechanisms underlying appetite regulation in birds. In Experiment 1, the Virginia lines of chickens were used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying stress-induced anorexia. These chickens have been selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight at 56 days of age and have different severities of anorexia and obesity, respectively. Chicks were subjected to a combination of thermal and nutritional stress after hatch and hypothalamic nuclei, including the lateral hypothalamus (LH), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), and arcuate nucleus (ARC), were collected 5 days later. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA abundance of appetite-associated neuropeptides and receptors in each nucleus. The results showed that the two lines displayed distinct gene expression profiles in response to stress. In particular, the PVN of the LWS was significantly affected by stress, and expression of several anorexigenic factors was up-regulated including corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), CRF receptor sub-types 1 and 2 (CRFR1 and CRFR2, respectively), melanocortin receptor 4, and urocortin 3, suggesting that stress-induced anorexia in the LWS may result from overriding anorexigenic signaling in the PVN, primarily through CRF signaling. This CRF signaling-associated hypothesis was further supported by results showing that the original phenotypes were restored when the LWS chicks were treated with astressin (CRF receptor antagonist) before exposure to stress. In Experiments 2 and 3, we attempted to determine the mechanisms of CRF's anorexigenic effect in chickens and Japanese quail. We administered CRF by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection and the hypothalamus was collected 1 hour later for molecular analyses. Results showed that CRF exerted a similar inhibitory effect on food intake in these two bird species, however the hypothalamic mechanisms underlying this anorexigenic effect were different. ICV injection of CRF increased c-Fos expression in the PVN, VMH, dorsomedial nucleus (DMN), and ARC in chicks while it only affected the PVN and LH in quail. Hypothalamic gene expression results suggested that CRF decreased neuropeptide Y receptor sub-type 1 (NPYR1) in chicks while it increased proopiomelanocortin (POMC), MC4R, CRF, and CRFR2 in quail. These results suggested that the anorexigenic effect of CRF may involve a dampened neuropeptide Y (NPY) system in chicks whereas it is associated with activated CRF and melanocortin systems in quail. At the nucleus level in chicks, CRF injection decreased NPY system-associated gene expression (ARC and DMN) and increased CRF (ARC and PVN) and mesotocin (MT) (VMH)-associated mRNAs, suggesting that orexigenic signaling through NPY was overridden by the heightened anorexigenic tone through CRF and MT, which led to the inhibition of food intake. In Experiments 4 and 5, we used the same experimental design as for CRF studies to determine the hypothalamic mechanisms of the anorexigenic effects of neuropeptide K (NPK) and adrenomedullin (AM) in Japanese quail. Results from Experiment 4 showed that NPK injection activated the ARC and PVN, which was associated with increased mRNAs for a group of anorexigenic factors including CRF, UCN3, cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART), and POMC, and decreased expression of several orexigenic factors, such as NPY and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). In Experiment 5, ICV injection of AM activated the ARC, the nucleus in which POMC and CART mRNAs were increased. In conclusion, these experiments revealed novel hypothalamic mechanisms underlying stress or exogenous neuropeptide-induced anorexia in birds and may provide insights on understanding appetite regulation from evolutionary, agricultural, and biomedical perspectives.
Ph. D.
Appetite regulation is important for survival across all vertebrate species and the hypothalamus is the regulatory center for control of feeding behavior. Thus, studying the functions of the hypothalamus on appetite regulation provide novel insight into the eating disorders, such as obesity and anorexia, a worldwide health issue. Also, such information is relevant for improving productivity in the modern chicken industry. The objective of this dissertation research was to determine the hypothalamic mechanisms underlying appetite regulation in birds. In Experiment 1, the Virginia lines of chickens were used to elucidate the mechanisms underlying stress-induced anorexia. These chickens have been selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) body weight at 56 days of age and have different severities of anorexia and obesity, respectively. Chicks were subjected to a combination of thermal and nutritional stress after hatch. The results suggested the two lines displayed distinct appetite-associated gene expression profiles in response to stress in the hypothalamus. In particular, stress-induced anorexia in the LWS may result from potent feeding-inhibitory factor corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). Thus, in Experiments 2 and 3, we attempted to determine the mechanisms of CRF's inhibitory effect on food intake in chickens and Japanese quail. We administered CRF by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection and the hypothalamus was collected 1 hour later for molecular analyses. Results showed that CRF exerted a similar inhibitory effect on food intake in these two bird species. However, the inhibitory effect of CRF was primarily associated with a dampened neuropeptide Y (NPY) system which is a potent stimulatory factor for feeding behavior in chickens, whereas it may involve activated CRF and melanocortin systems in quail. In Experiments 4 and 5, we used the same experimental design as for CRF studies to determine the hypothalamic mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of neuropeptide K (NPK) and adrenomedullin (AM) in Japanese quail. Results from Experiment 4 showed that the feeding-inhibitory effect of NPK was associated with a group of increased feeding-inhibitory factors such as CRF and cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and decreased feeding-stimulatory factors, such as NPY and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) in the hypothalamus. In Experiment 5, AM increased gene expression of CART and proopiomelanocortin (POMC). Overall, these experiments suggested the roles of the hypothalamus in stress or exogenous neuropeptide-induced anorexia in birds and may provide insights on understanding appetite regulation from evolutionary, agricultural, and biomedical perspectives.

Lacy, Michael Pennington. "Peripheral regulation of food intake in the domestic fowl". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52301.

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Four studies were performed to examine peripheral factors involved with food intake regulation in the domestic fowl. In the first study, the mechanism by which tryptophan depresses food intake was clarified. Intraperitoneal injections of tryptophan methyl ester were demonstrated to inhibit feeding in Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL) cockerels. Intragastric intubations of tryptophan inhibited food intake and decreased body temperature of SCWL cockerels. These results, in conjunction with previous findings, indicate that tryptophan's inhibitory influence on food intake is peripherally rather than centrally based. The second study explored the role of the duodenum in food intake regulation. Intraduodenal glucose loads had no effect on food intake of SCWL or Rock Cornish (RC) commercial broiler cockerels. In addition, splanchnicectomized birds did not respond to intraduodenal glucose infusions any differently than sham-operated controls. Apparently, the duodenum does not play a significant role in food intake control in the fowl. Hepatic involvement in appetite regulation was examined in SCWL and RC cockerels in the third study. Amino acid solutions failed to influence food intake when infused intraportally in either strain of chicken. Relatively small glucose or lipid solutions depressed food intake significantly when infused intraportally in the SCWL birds but had no effect in the RC cockerels. The liver appears to be integrally involved in controlling food consumption in the SCWL chicken. In the final study, the existence of a "hunger" factor in the peripheral circulation of two lines of chickens divergently selected for body weight was explored. Intrahepatic infusions of plasma from food deprived high-weight line chickens stimulated food intake of sated low-weight line chickens. These studies indicate that peripheral mechanisms are important in regulating appetite in light-breed chickens such as the SCWL, however, such mechanisms in heavy-breed chickens such as the RC appear to be less sensitive. This desensitization in heavy-breed chickens suggests that genetic selection for increased growth has affected the food intake control systems.
Ph. D.

Tan, Tricia. "Regulation of metabolism and food intake by enteropancreatic hormones". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/23367.

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Enteropancreatic hormones such as pancreatic polypeptide (PP), peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are secreted post-prandially by the gut and the pancreas. They act to regulate metabolism and appetite. An understanding of the physiology of these hormones and how they can be delivered in a practical manner is required to allow their translation into clinical treatments for obesity and diabetes. Work in this thesis investigated the effect of subcutaneously injected PP in healthy human volunteers, and demonstrated a significant reduction in food intake. A novel peptidase resistant analogue of PP, PP 1420, was administered in combination with metformin to rodents. This combination reduced food intake and body weight additively, suggesting that the combination of PP 1420 and metformin may well be beneficial in patients with obesity and diabetes. A subsequent study of PP 1420 in human volunteers, in a first-in-man Phase 1 trial, confirmed that PP 1420 was safe, well tolerated and possessed an extended terminal elimination half-life compared to native PP. In this thesis, I also explored the physiological effects of gut hormone combinations. The administration of single gut hormones such as PP, PYY or GLP-1 can reduce food intake, but may cause side effects such as nausea. The combination of gut hormones offers the possibility of increased efficacy with fewer side effects, for example, PYY+GLP-1 in combination have previously been shown to possess additive effects on food intake. The effects of a PYY+GLP-1 combination on carbohydrate metabolism have not yet been investigated. Work in this thesis examined the effects of a PYY+GLP-1 combination intravenous infusion on insulin secretion and sensitivity in healthy volunteers. Administration of PYY alone did not significantly affect insulin secretion. PYY+GLP-1 in combination stimulated insulin secretion to a similar extent to GLP-1 alone. There were no significant acute effects of PYY, GLP-1 or PYY+GLP-1 on insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that gut hormone analogues may represent safe, effective and practical treatments for obesity. Combination PYY+GLP-1 treatment may provide the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery without the surgery itself.

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Libros sobre el tema "Regulation of food intake":

Morrison, Jane L. Food intake: Regulation, assessing and controlling. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2011.

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Vaziri, Peyman. Histidine regulation of food and water intake in rats. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995.

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S, Harris Ruth B. y Mattes Richard D, eds. Appetite and food intake: Behavioral and physiological considerations. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2008.

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M, Forbes J. Voluntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals. 2^a ed. Cambridge, MA: CABI North American Office, 2007.

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M, Forbes J. Voluntary food intake and diet selection in farm animals. Wallingford, Oxon, UK: CAB International, 1995.

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Price, Matthew Edward. The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the regulation of food intake in rats. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 2002.

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Harris, Ruth B. S., ed. Appetite and Food Intake. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Previous edition:: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120171.

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Houlihan, Dominic, Thierry Boujard y Malcolm Jobling, eds. Food Intake in Fish. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470999516.

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Jobling, Malcolm, D. F. Houlihan y T. Boujard. Food intake in fish. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2001.

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Dominic, Houlihan, Boujard T y Jobling Malcolm, eds. Food intake in fish. Oxford [England]: Blackwell Science, 2001.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Regulation of food intake":

Berdanier, Carolyn D. y Lynne Berdanier. "Regulation of Food Intake". En Advanced Nutrition, 151–69. 3^a ed. 3rd edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003093664-9.

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Branch, Audrey y Ping Shen. "Central and Peripheral Regulation of Appetite and Food Intake in Drosophila". En Appetite and Food Intake, 17–38. Second edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2017. | Previous edition:: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120171-2.

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Wu, Guoyao. "Regulation of Food Intake by Animals". En Principles of Animal Nutrition, 687–708. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315120065-12.

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Kristeller, Jean L. "Mindfulness, Eating Disorders, and Food Intake Regulation". En Handbook of Mindfulness and Self-Regulation, 199–215. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2263-5_15.

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Schwartz, Michael W., Denis G. Baskin, Karl J. Kaiyala, Steven C. Woods y Daniel Porte. "Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight". En Clinical Research in Diabetes and Obesity, 25–56. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3906-0_3.

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Ohinata, Kousaku y Masaaki Yoshikawa. "Food Intake Regulation by Central Complement System". En Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 33–44. New York, NY: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-78952-1_3.

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de Graaf, Cees y Sanne Boesveldt. "The chemical senses and nutrition: the role of taste and smell in the regulation of food intake". En Flavor, Satiety and Food Intake, 35–56. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119044970.ch3.

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Klockars, Anica, Allen S. Levine y Pawel K. Olszewski. "Hypothalamic Integration of the Endocrine Signaling Related to Food Intake". En Neuroendocrine Regulation of Behavior, 239–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7854_2018_54.

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Zhang, Xiaobing. "Neuropeptide Regulation of Ion Channels and Food Intake". En Nonclassical Ion Channels in the Nervous System, 147–71. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003109266-8-8.

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De Kloet, Annette D. y Stephen C. Woods. "Introduction – Obesity and Food Intake: Basic and Clinical Approaches". En Frontiers in Eating and Weight Regulation, 1–8. Basel: KARGER, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000264391.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Regulation of food intake":

Li, Bochen. "The Metabolic Mechanism of Satiety Signal and Adiposity Signal on Food Intake Regulation". En International Conference on Health Big Data and Intelligent Healthcare. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0011234400003438.

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Sýkora, David, Aneta Myšková, Veronika Strnadová, Anna Němcová, Miroslava Blechová y Lenka Maletínská. "LC-MS Analysis of Various Food Intake Regulating Lipopeptides". En 36th European Peptide Symposium. The European Peptide Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/36eps.2022.057.

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Sýkora, David, Aneta Myšková, Blanka Železná, Veronika Strnadová, Anna Němcová, Miroslava Blechová y Lenka Maletínská. "LC-MS Analysis of Various Food Intake Regulating Lipopeptides". En 36th European Peptide Symposium. The European Peptide Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17952/36eps/36eps.2022.057.

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Banjanin, Nikolina. "Magnesium and hypertension in the process industry". En 35th International Congress on Process Industry. SMEITS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/ptk.022.133.

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In the process industry there are many sources of noise. A systematic review and meta-analysis found that occupational noise exposure increases the risk of hypertension. Noise exposure is strongly associated with the prevalence of hypertension in steelworkers. It is shown that in workers in an automobile manufacturing company noise exposure may increase blood pressure. In workplaces where work is performed in which daily noise exposure varies considerably from one to another day the weekly noise exposure must not exceed 85 dB (A). Magnesium has significant role in blood pressure regulation. Magnesium can improve vasodilatation via the release of nitric oxide from the endothelium and has an impact on the inhibition of several vasoconstrictors, stimulation of vasodilatators in the endothelium, and directly or indirectly inhibition of aldosterone production causing decreased kidney reabsorption of sodium and fluid. In western diet the recommended magnesium intake may be hardly reached due to food processing and food refining. In Serbia, nutritive magnesium intake in patients with essential hypertension is significantly below the recommended values. In men aged ≤ 30 years magnesium intake is 2.4 times less than recommended, and in women of the same age it is 55.2 % compared to recommended. In men aged ≥ 31 years magnesium intake is 47,1 % compared to recommended, and in women of the same age it is 56,2% compared to recommended. A systematic-review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies found an inverse relationship between dietary magnesium intake and the hypertension risk.

Verstraete, Frans. "EU policy on certain processing contaminants in vegetable oils and foods containing vegetable oils: recent developments and outlook." En 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/lkbg1243.

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In May of 2016, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) adopted a scientific opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of 2- and 3-monochloropropanediol and their fatty acid esters (MCPDE) and glycidyl fatty acid esters (GE) in food. Given the divergence between the opinion of EFSA and the later adopted opinion of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), EFSA decided in 2017 to re-open their opinion to address the divergences. EFSA concluded that glycidol is genotoxic and carcinogenic compound and the presence of GE in food is of health concern. In their updated scientific opinion on 3-MCPDE in 2017, EFSA established a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 µg/kg body weight per day for 3-MCPDE. Exposure estimates indicated in certain situations exceedances of this TDI and therefore of possible health concern. Therefore, maximum levels for GE and 3-MCPDE have been established in the EU by Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/1322 in vegetable oils, fish oil, oils from other marine organisms and in infant formula to ensure a high level of human health protection. These maximum levels entered into application on 1 January 2021. More recently high levels of MCPDE and GE have been found in foods such as biscuits, pastries, margarine, ... Therefore, discussions are ongoing to establish in addition to the existing maximum levels also maximum levels for 3-MCPDE and GE in certain compound foods containing or produced from vegetable oils. In the presentation up to date information shall be provided on the recent and ongoing discussions on additional regulatory measures for GE and 3-MCPDE and the challenges to be addressed.

Delmonte, Pierluigi, Andrea Milani y Sarah Prebihalo. "Detection of partially hydrogenated vegetable oils in food products based on fatty acid composition." En 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/uova4161.

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Partially hydrogenated oils (PHO), the products of incomplete hydrogenation of edible oils with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyzer, were originally introduced into food commerce more than a century ago. Over the years, PHOs became the preferred choice for many food applications, as their production techniques and composition were optimized to meet specific technological, and stability demands. Since the beginning of the current century, several countries adopted regulations aimed to curtail the dietary intake of PHOs. To date, no method is available for the detection of PHOs in commercial fats and oils. While the presence of high amounts of trans fatty acids may be correlated with the presence of a PHO, particularly for trans-octadecenoic fatty acids, low trans-fat PHO may also be present in the marketplace. In this study, we evaluated which fatty acids or combination of fatty acids may be used as markers to detect the presence of a PHO in commercial fats or oils. The possibility of detecting the presence of a PHO (product of chemical hydrogenation) in presence of a dairy fat (product of biohydrogenation) is also discussed.

Gürel, Duygu Benzer y Özlem Çağındı. "The Effect of Functional Foods on Mood, Cognitive Function and Well-Being". En 6th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International Guest Student Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2022.023.

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The concept of food as medicine is not new. The use of foods to prevent and/or treat certain diseases can be found in ancient drawings and writings. The most famous statement came from Hippocrates, who said “Let food be thy medicine.” It is the position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to recognize that although all foods provide some level of physiological function, the term, “functional foods” is defined as whole foods along with fortified, enriched, or enhanced foods that have a potentially beneficial effect on health when consumed as part of a varied diet regularly at effective levels based on significant standards of evidence. The most prominent results indicated that high total intake of fruits and vegetables, and some of their specific subgroups including berries, citrus, and green leafy vegetables, may promote higher levels of optimism and self-efficacy, as well as reduce the level of psychological distress, ambiguity, and cancer fatalism, and protect against depressive symptoms. Flavonoids are a class of organic polyphenolic compounds found in varying concentrations in plant-based whole foods such as berries, tea, cocoa, soybeans, and grains. Recent studies suggest that flavonoids can be beneficial to both cognitive and physiological health. As such, long term chronic supplementation with flavonoids has been investigated extensively, particularly concerning cognitive ageing and related neurodegenerative disorders. Less attention has been given to the acute effect of flavonoids on cognitive outcomes, within the immediate 0–6 h post ingestion. Therefore, the general recommendation to consume at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day may be beneficial also for mental health. Immediate cognitive enhancement is often desirable in academic and work environments, such as during an exam or assessment. Besides, support a positive role for the nutrients EPA, DHA, magnesium, alpha-tocopherol, and folic acid, either alone or in combination with drugs, in the preservation of normal brain function and mental well-being. In this study, the effects of consumption of some functions on mood, cognitive function and mental health were investigated. Scientific findings support the combination of micro and macronutrients in a balanced and varied diet along with a healthy lifestyle for the maintenance of normal brain function, improvement of mental abilities, concentration, memory and alertness. Food components actively participate in the generation of nerve impulses by influencing neurotransmitters that activate different parts of the brain, thereby regulating our mental abilities, emotions and mood.

Dugo, Paola, Francesca Rigano y Luigi Mondello. "Lipidomic analysis in food: The role of a detailed elucidation of intact lipids in functional foods for investigating on nutritional aspects". En 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/chnd8051.

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The growing demand in natural matrices, representing a source of dietary and nutraceutical molecules, placed, as direct consequence, the urgent need for the development of suitable analytical methods able to provide a comprehensive characterization of both “conventional” and “unconventional” products. In the last decades, lipidomic has emerged as a cutting-edge approach among omics- techniques, since lipids revealed to be essential molecules in the regulation of metabolic pathways. To this regard, the content of essential fatty acids (EFAs), as well as nutritional indices such as the levels of omega-3 and omega-6 FAs and their ratio are essential parameter to evaluate the beneficial properties of food products. In addition, the investigation of complex lipids in their native forms is proved to be crucial to obtain additional information about lipids role and on FA arrangement into each species. For this reason, the present study is aimed to a detailed elucidation of intact lipids in different functional foods, including the profiling of microalgae, hemp products and the wastes of the fish industry. Phospholipids and triacylglycerols were the most representative lipid classes. However, mono- and diacylglycerols, pigments and carotenoids were also detected, representing an added value for the investigated matrices. From an analytical point of view, the use of a recently introduced linear retention index (LRI) approach in LC paved the way for the automatization of the identification process in LC. Furthermore, the use of high-resolution chromatographic techniques (that is UHPLC), even combined with selective tandem MS operation mode allowed for the determination of the entire lipidome with high sensitivity. Finally, the UHPLC-MS/MS platform was coupled to a preparative workstation to fully automatize the analytical work-flow. This also entailed the miniaturization of the lipid extraction procedure, which was compared with a conventional manual procedure, resulting in quite similar quali-quantitative profiles.

Chepngetich, Purity y Dr Lois L. N. Wagana. "Our Experience with 3 Patients on Management of Obesity and Diabetes with Diet and Aggressive Weight Loss". En 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-12.

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Background: Food system refers to the elements and activities related to producing,processing, distributing , consuming food and its effects in our day to day lifestyle. Diet and lifestyle therapy is the cornerstone of therapy for healthy living especially for patients with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This article gives our practical experience on management of Obesity and Diabetes with diet and aggressive weight loss. The components of healthy lifestyle therapy includes a package of; reduced calorie intake,increased physical activity and patient education. Results Patient Y [male] In December 2022 was 98kg.The Random blood sugar was 11.2mmols and HbA1C was 5.8%. On taking diet history he consumed red meat without restriction.No much physical activity.Consumed high starch diet.Diagnosed of Prediabetes. After one month of nutrition consultation; Lost 3kg through a low starch high protein diet. Exercised moderately by walking 30-45 minutes thrice a week. After four months there was drastic improvement.Lost Up to 8kg. B] Patient P[female] In January 2023 had 104 kgs.Had Random blood sugar of 10.2mmols, HbA1C 5.8%. She had been eating one banana everyday for breakfast.Consumed a lot of matoke and potatoes in her meals occasionally. Did not exercise. Diagnosed with Prediabetes and hypertension.Triglycerides were elevated. After one month of nutrition follow up, she had lost 5kg.Random blood sugar dropped to 6.4mmols C]Patient M[MALE] On the visit to the clinic ,he weighed 145 kg, Random blood sugar was 8.4mmols. Consumed red meat daily of measurable amounts.No exercise at all since most of his work is involved with lots of driving to work.Was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes,Hypertension, Dyslipidemia. After 2 months of close nutrition monitoring, Random blood sugar improved drastically.Weight dropped to 136kg. Conclusion of the study: From the three patients, moderate exercise has really improved their health to greater heights.Helped increase insulin sensitivity ,we opine as a result blood sugar levels drop. Cutting down on animal protein consumption such as red meat and eggs.Has lowered triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. Consumption of low carb diet and exercise contributes to weight loss Regulating the food system, especially on consumption, significantly promotes a healthy lifestyle. Keywords: diet, Random blood sugar,HbAIC,triglycerides

Martin, C. K., S. Kaya y B. K. Gunturk. "Quantification of food intake using food image analysis". En 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2009.5333123.

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Informes sobre el tema "Regulation of food intake":

Agency, Food Standards. Safety Assessment : Outcome of assessment on an application under the Novel Foods Regulation 2015/2283 as retained in UK Law for Barley Rice Protein. Food Standards Agency, agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.wnv790.

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An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency in January 2021 from Evergrain, LLC, USA (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of Barley Rice Protein, a mixture of protein from barley at levels of 30-70% and rice at levels of 70-30%. The applicant intends to market the product within food categories including: bakery products, breakfast cereals, spreadable fats and dressings, grain products and pastas, snack foods, jam, marmalade and other fruit spreads, candy/confectionery, dairy and dairy imitates, dessert sauces and syrups, meat imitates, soups and soup mixes, savoury sauces, legume-based spreads, nut-based spreads, energy drinks, foods and beverages intended for sportspersons and meal replacements for weight control. To support the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standard Scotland (FSS) in evaluating the dossier, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) was asked to review the dossier. The Committee concluded that Barley Rice Protein is safe under the proposed conditions of use, based on the composition and the anticipated intake. The Committee considered that the proposed uses were not nutritionally disadvantageous if used alone or in combination with other plant sources of protein. However, the Committee expressed concern that it may be nutritionally disadvantageous if used as a meat or dairy protein substitute in products marketed as meal replacements for weight control. The views of the ACNFP have been taken into account in the regulatory assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS.

Regulated Products Risk Assessment Team. Safety Assessment: Change of conditions of use for the novel food, isomalto-oligosaccharides. Food Standards Agency, marzo de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.pwg947.

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An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) in April 2021 from Bioneutra Incorporated, North America (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of the proposed extension of use of isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs) as a novel food. The novel food are IMOs which are intended to be used as a food ingredient and as an ingredient in food supplements. IMOs are manufactured by the enzyme hydrolysis of starch which is sourced from different plant crops (e.g., cereals, legumes, and roots). IMOs are currently authorised as a novel food in the UK (assimilated Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2017/2470). This new application is an extension of the intended uses of IMOs, seeking to use the novel food within the food categories: ice cream and dairy desserts, instant coffee and tea, table-top sweeteners, cakes, muffins, pies, pastries, breakfast cereals, condiments/relishes, gravies and sauces, gelatines, puddings, fillings, jams and jellies, yoghurts, milk-based drinks, snack foods, and sweet sauces, toppings and syrups, and as an ingredient in food supplements. To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluation of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the safety dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. Please note the Committee did not consider any potential health benefits or claims arising from consuming the food, as the focus of the novel food assessment is to ensure the extension of use of the food is safe, and not putting consumers at a nutritional disadvantage. The FSA and FSS concluded that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the proposed extension of use for IMOs, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the proposed use in foods was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous.

Gothilf, Yoav, Roger Cone, Berta Levavi-Sivan y Sheenan Harpaz. Genetic manipulations of MC4R for increased growth and feed efficiency in fish. United States Department of Agriculture, enero de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600043.bard.

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The hypothalamic melanocortin system plays a central role in the regulation of food consumption and energy homeostasis in mammals. Accordingly, our working hypothesis in this project was that genetic editing of the mc4r gene, encoding Melanocortin Receptor 4 (MC4R), will enhance food consumption, feed efficiency and growth in fish. To test this hypothesis and to assess the utility of mc4r editing for the enhancement of feed efficiency and growth in fish, the following objectives were set: Test the effect of the mc4r-null allele on feeding behavior, growth, metabolism and survival in zebrafish. Generate mc4r-null alleles in tilapia and examine the consequences for growth and survival, feed efficiency and body composition. Generate and examine the effect of naturally-occurring mc4r alleles found in swordfish on feeding behavior, growth and survival in zebrafish. Define the MC4R-mediated and MC4R-independent effects of AgRP by crossing mc4r- null strains with fish lacking AgRP neurons or the agrpgene. Our results in zebrafish did not support our hypothesis. While knockout of the agrpgene or genetic ablation of hypothalamic AgRP neurons led to reduced food intake in zebrafish larvae, knockout (KO) of the mc4r gene not only did not increase the rate of food intake but even reduced it. Since Melanocortin Receptor 3 (MC3R) has also been proposed to be involved in hypothalamic control of food intake, we also tested the effectofmc3r gene KO. Again, contrary to our hypothesis, the rate of food intake decreased. The next step was to generate a double mutant lucking both functional MC3R and MC4R. Again, the double KO exhibited reduced food intake. Thus, the only manipulation within the melanocortin system that affected food intake in consistent with the expected role of the system was seen in zebrafish larvae upon agrpKO. Interestingly, despite the apparent reduced food intake in the larval stage, these fish grow to be of the same size as wildtype fish at the adult stage. Altogether, it seems that there is a compensatory mechanism that overrides the effect of genetic manipulations of the melanocortin system in zebrafish. Under Aim 3, we introduced the Xna1, XnB1l, and XnB2A mutations from the Xiphophorus MC4R alleles into the zebrafish MC4R gene. We hypothesized that these MC4R mutations would act as dominant negative alleles to increase growth by suppressing endogenous MC4R activity. When we examined the activity of the three mutant alleles, we were unable to document any inhibition of a co-transfected wild type MC4R allele, hence we did not introduce these alleles into zebrafish. Since teleost fish possess two agrpgenes we also tested the effect of KO of the agrp2 gene and ablation of the AgRP2 cells. We found that the AgRP2 system does not affect food consumption but may rather be involved in modulating the stress response. To try to apply genetic editing in farmed fish species we turned to tilapia. Injection of exogenous AgRP in adult tilapia induced significant changes in the expression of pituitary hormones. Genetic editing in tilapia is far more complicated than in zebrafish. Nevertheless, we managed to generate one mutant fish carrying a mutation in mc4r. That individual died before reaching sexual maturity. Thus, our attempt to generate an mc4r-mutant tilapia line was almost successful and indicate out non-obvious capability to generate mutant tilapia.

Haynes, Ben, Tahmnina Khan, Ruth Willis, Camilla Alexander-White y Alan Boobis. Joint position paper from the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) & Committee on Toxicity (COT) on establishing a provisional acceptable daily intake (ADI) for pure form (≥98%) cannabidiol (CBD) in foods, based on new evidence. Food Standards Agency, octubre de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.zcg392.

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Following the announcement by the FSA that from 31st March 2021, all CBD products on the market must have their safety assured by companies submitting a valid safety application, there have been a large number of CBD-related novel food applications. Consequently, a significant level of additional data has become available that requires review. A joint Subgroup of the ACNFP and COT was formed to address a series of questions in relation to the safety of CBD-containing and hemp-derived ingredients. The overarching aim of the Subgroup is to enable the FSA to perform risk assessments for CBD in food. While there are a number of routes of exposure for CBD, the provisional ADI stated in this paper has been established on the basis of oral exposure. The objectives of the Subgroup are to: Review the new data received from the novel food applications. Update previous reviews of CBD safety evidence and provide revised conclusions based on these reviews. Provide advice on whether the data available support identification of an Acceptable Daily Intake for CBD as a food ingredient. 1. This joint position paper by the ACNFP and COT is the outcome of discussions as of March 2023, which have focused on the risk assessment of foods and supplements in which the CBD ingredient itself is at least ≥98% purity. The new position described below provides advice on the safety of ingesting products containing at least ≥98% pure CBD via oral administration only and forms a basis for considering the applications under the Novel Foods Regulation. This advice should not be applied directly to CBD products that are inhaled or applied dermally, nor does it consider exposure from such product types.

Selnes, Trond, Jos van den Puttelaar, Muriel Verain, Ana Bela da Conceicao Fontinha, Irene Gosselink, Artem Khlebnikov, Johan de Vogel et al. Governance of Smart Food Intake : deliverable Smart Food Intake Work Package 7. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/561605.

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Verain, Muriel, Jos van den Puttelaar y Desiree Lucassen. Smart Food Intake: development of a 2-hour recall methodology to measure context specific food intake and underlying food choice motives : overview of the project. Wageningen: Wageningen Economic Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/566401.

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Rose, Madeleine S. Between-Meal Food Intake for Reservists Training in the Field. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, abril de 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada209613.

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Brosh, Arieh, Gordon Carstens, Kristen Johnson, Ariel Shabtay, Joshuah Miron, Yoav Aharoni, Luis Tedeschi y Ilan Halachmi. Enhancing Sustainability of Cattle Production Systems through Discovery of Biomarkers for Feed Efficiency. United States Department of Agriculture, julio de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592644.bard.

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Feed inputs represent the largest variable cost of producing meat and milk from ruminant animals. Thus, strategies that improve the efficiency of feed utilization are needed to improve the global competitiveness of Israeli and U.S. cattle industries, and mitigate their environmental impact through reductions in nutrient excretions and greenhouse gas emissions. Implementation of innovative technologies that will enhance genetic merit for feed efficiency is arguably one of the most cost-effective strategies to meet future demands for animal-protein foods in an environmentally sustainable manner. While considerable genetic variation in feed efficiency exist within cattle populations, the expense of measuring individual-animal feed intake has precluded implementation of selection programs that target this trait. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a trait that quantifies between-animal variation in feed intake beyond that expected to meet energy requirements for maintenance and production, with efficient animals being those that eat less than expected for a given size and level of production. There remains a critical need to understand the biological drivers for genetic variation in RFI to facilitate development of effective selection programs in the future. Therefore, the aim of this project was to determine the biological basis for phenotypic variation in RFI of growing and lactating cattle, and discover metabolic biomarkers of RFI for early and more cost-effective selection of cattle for feed efficiency. Objectives were to: (1) Characterize the phenotypic relationships between RFI and production traits (growth or lactation), (2) Quantify inter-animal variation in residual HP, (3) Determine if divergent RFIphenotypes differ in HP, residual HP, recovered energy and digestibility, and (4) Determine if divergent RFI phenotypes differ in physical activity, feeding behavior traits, serum hormones and metabolites and hepatic mitochondrial traits. The major research findings from this project to date include: In lactating dairy cattle, substantial phenotypic variation in RFI was demonstrated as cows classified as having low RMEI consumed 17% less MEI than high-RMEI cows despite having similar body size and lactation productivity. Further, between-animal variation in RMEI was found to moderately associated with differences in RHP demonstrating that maintenance energy requirements contribute to observed differences in RFI. Quantifying energetic efficiency of dairy cows using RHP revealed that substantial changes occur as week of lactation advances—thus it will be critical to measure RMEI at a standardized stage of lactation. Finally, to determine RMEI in lactating dairy cows, individual DMI and production data should be collected for a minimum of 6 wk. We demonstrated that a favorably association exists between RFI in growing heifers and efficiency of forage utilization in pregnant cows. Therefore, results indicate that female progeny from parents selected for low RFI during postweaning development will also be efficient as mature females, which has positive implications for both dairy and beef cattle industries. Results from the beef cattle studies further extend our knowledge regarding the biological drivers of phenotypic variation in RFI of growing animals, and demonstrate that significant differences in feeding behavioral patterns, digestibility and heart rate exist between animals with divergent RFI. Feeding behavior traits may be an effective biomarker trait for RFI in beef and dairy cattle. There are differences in mitochondrial acceptor control and respiratory control ratios between calves with divergent RFI suggesting that variation in mitochondrial metabolism may be visible at the genome level. Multiple genes associated with mitochondrial energy processes are altered by RFI phenotype and some of these genes are associated with mitochondrial energy expenditure and major cellular pathways involved in regulation of immune responses and energy metabolism.

Lahti, Janet. The effect of glucose on the food intake of goldthioglucose injected mice. Portland State University Library, enero de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1571.

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Regulated Products Risk Assessment Team. Safety assessment: Cannabidiol (CBD) isolate as a novel food for use in a range of food categories including food supplements. Food Standards Agency, abril de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.okw212.

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An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) and Food Standards Scotland (FSS) in February 2021 from Cannaray Brands Ltd (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of cannabidiol (CBD) isolate as a novel food. The novel food is a >98% pure form CBD isolate which is intended to be used as a food ingredient in food supplements, beverages, and confectionary for adults. For CBD a provisional Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 10 mg/day has been published by the FSA and was considered in assessing this novel food. The provisional ADI (section 2.7) was recommended, subject to the existing advice to consumers that pregnant and breastfeeding women and people taking any prescription medication should avoid the consumption of CBD. Consumers on regular medications should seek advice from a medical professional before using any type of CBD food product. In addition, children and prospective parents trying for a baby are advised against consumption of CBD, as are those who are immunosuppressed, due to remaining data gaps and residual uncertainties concerning the safety of CBD for these groups of consumers. These contraindications would also apply to this novel food. To support the FSA and FSS in their evaluations of the application, the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods and Processes (ACNFP) were asked to review the dossier and supplementary information provided by the applicant. Please note the Committee did not consider any potential health benefits or claims arising from consuming the food, as the focus of the novel food assessment is to ensure the food is safe, and not putting consumers at a nutritional disadvantage. The FSA and FSS concluded based on the advice of the ACNFP, that the applicant had provided sufficient information to assure the novel food, CBD isolate, was safe under the proposed conditions of use. The anticipated intake levels and the proposed use in foods and food supplements was not considered to be nutritionally disadvantageous. The views of the ACNFP have been taken into account in the regulatory assessment which represents the opinions of the FSA and FSS.