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1
Evlogiev, Yordan. "Evidence for the Aeolian Origin of Loess in the Danubian Plain". Geologica Balcanica 36, n.º 3-4 (30 de diciembre de 2007): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.36.3-4.31.
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The present work considers the evidences for the Aeolian origin of loess in the Danubian plain, put forward by previous authors, which have been amended with results from new investigations. One of the main proofs consists in the grain-size composition changes of the loess complex from north to south, from east to west and with depth. Other evidences are the well expressed directions of loess winnowing in the Danubian plain: from west-northwest and north-northeast. The next evidence for the Aeolian origin of loess is the sequence in the loess accumulation process. It was started before 2.59 Ma BP along the coast of the Dacian basin and after its regression loess winnowing was also spread on the occupied by the basin territories (0.82 Ma BP). The loess complex becomes younger towards the Danubian terraces. The deflation of the loess fine earth material occurred from the flooded areas of the Paleodanube River and its tributaries, from the Black sea shelf and the clayey alluvium of the Dacian basin. The orientation of the deflation area with respect to the transporting Aeolian corridor was one of the reasons for the differences in the lithostratigraphy and the thickness of the loess complex. Five loess regions were differentiated in the Danubian plain: Northeast, “Yantra-Vit”, “Vit-Ogosta”, “Ogosta-Lom” and the Black Sea region.
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Ősz, Ágnes, Ákos Horváth, György Hoitsy, Dóra Kánainé Sipos, Szilvia Keszte, Anna Júlia Sáfrány, Saša Marić et al. "The genetic status of the Hungarian brown trout populations: exploration of a blind spot on the European map of Salmo trutta studies". PeerJ 6 (21 de septiembre de 2018): e5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5152.
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Background Analyses of the control region sequences of European brown trout populations’ mitrochondrial DNA have revealed five main evolutionary lineages (Atlantic, Danubian, Mediterranean, Adriatic, Marble) mostly relating to the main water basins; however, the hybridization between lineages were increasingly reported. Due to the hydrogeography of Hungary, wild populations should theoretically belong to the Danubian lineage, however, this has not been verified by genetic studies. Methods In our study multiple molecular marker sets (mitochondrial sequence, microsatellites, PCR-RFLP of nuclear markers and sex marker) were used to investigate the genetic composition and population genetics of the brown trout populations in two broodstocks, six wild streams in Hungary and one Serbian population. Results The admixture of Atlantic and Danubian lineages in these populations, except the Serbian population with pure Danubian origin, was observed by control region sequences of mitochondrial DNA and PCR-RFLP markers in the nuclear genome, and one unpublished Danubian haplotype was found in Hungarian populations. A sex-specific marker revealed equal gender ratio in broodstocks and Kemence stream, whereas in other wild streams the proportion of female individuals were less than 50%. Structure and principal component analyses based on the alleles of microsatellite loci also revealed overlapping populations, however the populations were still significantly different from each other and were mostly in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Discussion Stocking and migration can have a significant genetic impact on trout populations of wild streams, however there are no guidelines or common practices for stocking of small streams in Hungary, thus the genetic background of these populations should be considered when developing conservation actions.
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Jankowska, Dobrochna. "O pochodzeniu pomorskich grobowców bezkomorowych kultury pucharów lejkowatych". Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia 13 (1 de noviembre de 2018): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fpp.2005.13.10.
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The article presents a short overview of discussion on the origin of the Funnel Beaker Culture in particular regions of Pomerania. In particular, an origin of the Pomerania long barrows with a stone construction is debated. The study implies that prototypes o f these monuments are to be found in the Lower Elbe region and influences from Kujavia are only detectable in the latest phase. The article tackles also a theory linking an emergence of long barrows with the late Danubian tradition („long houses”).
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Bockius, Ronald. "Florian Himmler, Heinrich Konen, Josef Löffl: Exploratio Danubiae. Ein rekonstruiertes spätantikes Flusskriegsschiff auf den Spuren Kaiser Julian Apostatas". Gnomon 83, n.º 8 (2011): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/0017-1417_2011_8_743.
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Florian Himmler, Heinrich Konen, Josef Löffl: Exploratio Danubiae. Ein rekonstruiertes spätantikes Flusskriegsschiff auf den Spuren Kaiser Julian Apostatas. Berlin: Frank & Timme 2009. 124 S. 139 Abb. 1 CD-ROM. (Region im Umbruch. 1.)
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Bayerle, GUSTAV. "FORMATION OF THE HABSBURGŚOTTOMAN FRONTIER IN THE DANUBIAN REGION: BUDA, 1541". Hungarian Studies 14, n.º 2 (enero de 2001): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/hstud.14.2000.2.2.
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Halmova, Dana, Pavla Pekarova, Juraj Olbrimek, Pavol Miklanek y Jan Pekar. "Precipitation Regime and Temporal Changes in the Central Danubian Lowland Region". Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/715830.
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The aim of this paper is to investigate the statistical aspects of multiannual variability of precipitation at the Hurbanovo station, Slovakia, over 140 years (1872–2011). We compare the long-term variability of annual precipitation for Hurbanovo (Slovakia), Brno (Czech Republic), Vienna (Austria), and Mosonmagyarovar (Hungary) stations using autocorrelation and spectral analysis methods. From the long-term point of view, there is no consistent trend in the annual precipitation; only a multiannual variability has been detected. Consequently we identify changes in the distribution of annual maximum daily precipitation for Hurbanovo during different periods for winter-spring and summer-autumn seasons using histograms, empirical exceedance curves, and frequency curves of daily precipitation. Next, we calculate the periods of days without precipitation exceeding 29 days between 1872 and 2011. The longest period of days without precipitation was 83 days in 1947. The statistical analysis does not confirm our initial hypothesis that neither high daily precipitation (over 51.2 mm per day) nor long dry periods (more than 50 days without precipitation) would occur more frequently nowadays. We assume that the decrease in annual precipitation over the period 1942–2011 (compared to 1872–1941) is caused by the less frequent occurrence of daily precipitation between 0.4 and 25.6 mm.
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Grömer, Karina, Helga Rösel-Mautendorfer y Lise Bender Jørgensen. "Visions of Dress: Recreating Bronze Age Clothing from the Danubian Region". TEXTILE 11, n.º 3 (noviembre de 2013): 218–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2752/175183513x1379321037403.
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Mrozewicz, Leszek. "Conditor urbium. Trajans Urbanisierungspolitik in den Donauprovinzen". Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, n.º 18 (9 de julio de 2020): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2018.18.11.
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The victory in the war with Dacians set off a number of major administrative and administrative reforms conducted by Trajan in the Danubian provinces. Some of the vital elements of the reforms included veteran settlement and establishment of numerous towns – coloniae and municipia. As many as eighteen were thus established in the region during Trajan’s reign.
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Rustoiu, Aurel. "The “Dacian” silver hoards from Moesia superior. Transdanubian cultural connections in the iron gates region from Augustus to Trajan". Starinar, n.º 72 (2022): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta2272109r.
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The aim of this paper is to discuss some aspects concerning the ?Tekija-Bare hoards horizon?: their ?Dacian? origin, their significance, and the manner in which this phenomenon emerged after the practice of burying assemblages of silver body ornaments had ceased to the north of the Danube one or two generations earlier. The so-called Tekija-Bare group of hoards originates from the northern Danubian hoards containing silver body ornaments. This is demonstrated by the typology of some silver costume accessories and the tradition of burying them together with silver coins and metal or ceramic vessels. The appearance of these hoards south along the Danube in the second half of the 1st century AD was the result of the revival of some northern Danubian ritual practices. This revival can be ascribed to the ?Getae? who were moved to the south of the river by Aelius Catus at the beginning of the 1st century AD and were later known as Moesi, according to Strabo (VII.3.10). The displacement of a large number of people, including entire communities, resulted in the transfer of a number of ritual practices and beliefs from one territory to another. However, these were transformed and adapted according to the new social conditions from Roman Moesia.
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Ziegerhofer, Anita. "Austria and Aristide Birand's 1930 Memorandum". Austrian History Yearbook 29, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237800014831.
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The end of World War I marked a turning point in European history: Europe was dismembered into nation-states from the former territories of the German Reich and the Danubian monarchy, creating a belt of borders stretching approximately twenty thousand kilometers. The dissolution of the Habsburg monarchy alone brought about destabilization not only to the region but to Europe as a whole.
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Teodoreanu, Elena. "Little climate optimum in the Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 11, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2017): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2017-0008.
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Abstract Our knowledge of climate during the Little Climate Optimum (VIII-XIV centuries) in our country comes from some historical studies on climatic events occurring in countries around Romania: Hungarian, Italian peninsula, Ukraine, the Balkan peninsula and the region around Constantinople, from foreign chronicles, French, German, Russian, from some notes of foreign travelers in that territory. Were record mostly harsh winters, especially in the early interval, with frozen rivers and the Black Sea, or rainy summers, with floods, but also some very warm winters, with the flowering of trees in January, and summers long, hot and dry. Some of these events led to famine, pestilence, high morbidity.
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Popa, Gina-Oana, Miad Khalaf, Andreea Dudu, Angela Curtean-Bănăduc, Doru Bănăduc, Sergiu Georgescu y Marieta Costache. "Genetic Diversity of Brown Trout Populations Using Mitochondrial Markers In Relatively Similar Geographical and Ecological Conditions – a Carpathian Case Study". Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2013): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0025.
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ABSTRACT Among the species of salmonids that exist in Romania, the most common is the brown trout (Salmo trutta, morpha fario, Linnaeus, 1758), with a high commercial potential, being used for aquaculture or fishing. Unfortunately, its natural habitat is disrupted by human activities and in order to avoid local extinction of Salmo trutta fario repopulation strategies are being applied. The repopulation activities must be carefully designed and conducted taking into consideration that there is a high risk of hybridization. Our study aims to analyze the genetic diversity of three Romanian brown trout populations found in rivers in the Făgăraş Mountains using mitochondrial markers. Standard DNA extraction protocol with phenol-chloroform was applied to the biological material represented by small fin fragments sampled from 80 individuals of brown trout, followed by PCR amplification of D-loop control region and Sanger sequencing. Alignment and editing of all the sequences obtained were carried out with Bioedit, the phylogenetic tree construction was performed by Neighbour Joining method implemented in MEGA v5, and intra- and interpopulational diversity was evaluated with DNAsp v5 and MEGA v5. For the three brown trout populations, 13 haplotypes were identified for N1, 11 for N2 and 10 for N4, with a haplotype diversity greater than 0.8. The phylogenetic tree topology showed that individuals chosen for this study were placed in the Danubian clade as the other Danubian sequences selected from GenBank. The study proved that the three Salmo trutta fario populations analyzed were genetically distinct and that in Romania there are still are pure Danubian brown trout populations.
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Molerovic, Nikola, Bozidar Raskovic, Radica Djedovic, Ostojic Andric, Zoran Markovic y Sasa Maric. "Characterization of the genetic structure of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) from “Braduljica” fish farm, Serbia". Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 35, n.º 3 (2019): 289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1903289m.
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Due to the ecological concerns and preservation of genetic resources, the characterization of genetic structure of the brown trout (Salmo trutta) was carried out on the "Braduljica" fish farm. DNA was isolated from fin clips of 10 individuals, and after that molecular PCR-RFLP methods were used for distinguishing between Atlantic and Danubian lineages based on control region of the mitochondrial DNA (CR mtDNA) and lactate dehydrogenase gene of the nuclear DNA (LDH nDNA). Based on phenotypic characteristics it was estimated that out of 10 individuals included in this study five belonged to the allochtonous Atlantic lineage and remaining five belonged to the native Danubian lineage of brown trout. However, results of molecular analyses showed a high percentage of allochthonous genes among the individuals, which confirms the hybridization between these two lineages. Also, the results showed that the selection based on the phenotype is not adequate. In order to continue with proper broodstock management, it is necessary to eliminate allochtonous individuals of the Atlantic lineage from the broodstock.
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Berczik, Árpád y Győző Buzetzky. "Realistic restoration of the Gemenc region of the Danubian floodplain based on hydroecological priorities". SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 29, n.º 3 (marzo de 2006): 1595–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.2005.11902952.
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Schütt, Hartwig. "The Danubian character of the Mollusc fauna of the Sapanca Gölü (Marmara region, Turkey)". Zoology in the Middle East 2, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09397140.1988.10637563.
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Jigau, Gheorghe, Leșanu Mihai, Bîrsan Ana, Blidari Anton, Borș Natalia, Plăcintă Nina y Cernolev Elena. "Trends of the Typogenetic Processes in the Carpato-Danubiano-Pontic Space. Results in Agriculture in Northeastern Area Climate Conditions". Present Environment and Sustainable Development 12, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2018): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pesd-2018-0020.
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Abstract The chernozems evolution of the Carpatho-Danubian-Pontic space clearly shows two consecutive phases: climatogenic and anthropo-climatogenic. The latter is characterized by increasing agrogenic impact on soil climate. The soil cover of Carpathian-Danubian-Pontic space is the hierarchical functional system long-time product. Pedogenetic factors → pedogenetic regimes → pedogenetic processes → soil (soil cover). During Pleistocene, the chernozem pathogenesis in the region resumed 13 times, each time starting from the carbonic chernozem phase. Zonal climatic cyclicality has led to the differentiation of chernozem subtypes, determined by the zonal differentiation of pedogenic regimes and typogenetic elemental processes. The current stage of chernozem cleavage in the region began 10-12 thousand years ago. The evolution of soils in the soil was determined by the climate cyclicality and the increase of anthropogenic imputations and involves the succession over time of several phases: - Cryogenic with poorly developed soil by A (AO) - C Order; - Early dynamic halocene with developed zonal soil formation; - Late halocene with climatic evolution of the profile; - Natural-anthropogenic. During the last one, four eras were accelerated: natural-anthropo-turbian, naturalanthropic modification, natural-anthropic restructuring and natural-anthropic stagnation. Increasing the anthropogenic impulses led to the modification of the climatic → soil relations in the sense of increasing the degree of continentalisation of the soil climate materialized in the aridization of the soil cover, the change of the sense and intensity of the typogenic processes and the induction of some nontypical elementary processes of the chernozemic pedogenesis.
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Przybyła, Marcin M. "New finds of antler cheekpieces and horse burials from the Trzciniec Culture in the territory of western Little Poland". Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 15 (2020): 103–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/anarres.2020.15.7.
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The subject of this paper are the new discoveries of antler cheekpieces of horse harness at Trzciniec Culture sites in Morawianki, Miechow and Jakuszowice (Little Poland, Poland). It also addresses the issue of double horse burials being parts of sepulchral complexes, with barrows at their centres. The article tackles the problem of the occurrence of such burials and cheekpieces in the Danubian regions, the steppe zone of Eastern Europe and in the territory of Greece. It also considers the function of cheekpieces, as parts of horse gear used for harnessing a horse to a chariot.
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Varga, Dániel. "Il ruolo dell’Italia per la realizzazione del progetto della Confederazione Danubiana del 1862". Italianistica Debreceniensis 25 (29 de marzo de 2020): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34102/itde/2019/5559.
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Nell'autunno del 1861 fu preparato un piano franco-italiano-greco per far ribellare i popoli balcanici. I leader dell'emigrazione ungherese, in attesa di una guerra imminente, si consultarono per stabilire un'alleanza offensiva e difensiva tra Ungheria, Croazia, Serbia e Romania. Il loro obiettivo era, al contrario, nel 1848-49, di far combattere i popoli della regione del Danubio contro Vienna anziché Pest, aiutando così Torino ad acquisire Venezia. Ignác Helfy pubblicò gli elementi essenziali delle discussioni tra gli emigrati ungheresi nel quotidiano Alleanza, di cui fu anche direttore, in un pezzo dal titolo "Il programma ungherese", diventato un successo per la stampa italiana. Il Tribuno, guidato da Marco Antonio Canini, oltre a contestare l'Alleanza, chiese al giornale di rivelare tutto ciò che sapevano. Poco dopo, Canini visitò György Klapka e prepararono il piano della Confederazione Danubiana - che fu approvato anche da Vittorio Emanuele II. Canini, preparandosi per il suo tour diplomatico nella regione dei Balcani, visitò Lajos Kossuth, il quale pensava che stabilire un'alleanza di difesa sarebbe stato più realistico in quella situazione politica - ma Canini lo convinse che doveva essere creata una confederazione tra le nazioni coinvolte.
I commenti di Kossuth sul piano di Klapka e Canini furono trascritti. Tuttavia, Helfy li pubblicò nel suo articolo, rendendo impossibile a Canini condurre con successo i negoziati diplomatici tra i paesi. Infine, Vittorio Emanuele II, che inizialmente voleva uno dei suoi parenti come sovrano del Regno greco e a capo della Confederazione, si ritirò dai piani per la ribellione, a causa della mancanza di sostegno francese
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Eszterhás, István y George Szentes. "Geological sketch and the non-karstic caves of the Bakony Mountains in Hungary". Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe. Revista de Xeoloxía Galega e do Hercínico Peninsular 37 (9 de diciembre de 2013): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/cadlaxe.2013.37.0.3579.
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The about 4000 km2 Bakony Mountains form the most extensive region of the Trans-Danubien Mountains between Lake Balaton and Marcal River. They have a typical medium relief, including plateaux of various heights, and denudated fault blocks interspersed with inter mountain basins. In the southern and western areas of the mountains, basalt cones and basaltic sheets are frequently found. In the central area, the variously sloping landscape is inclined towards the blocks. Limestone and dolomite predominate, and there are extensive karst regions and numerous karst caves. Of course, from the point of view of the non-karstic caves, these regions are insignificant. Significantly smaller is the occurrence of quartziferous (sandstone and conglomerate) and basalt rocks, however 147 non-karstic cave are known in these rocks and, in addition, 35 artificial cavities, considered as caves, are listed. The authors describe the geology, the geomorphology and the non-karstic cave development of the Bakony Mountains. Furthermore, typical examples of the caves have been selected and presented according to the different rock formations and development types.
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Gumiński, Witold. "The oldest pottery of the Para-Neolithic Zedmar culture at the site Szczepanki, Masuria, NE-Poland". Documenta Praehistorica 47 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 126–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/dp.47.8.
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The article presents the earliest ceramics of the site Szczepanki, north-eastern Poland, belonging to the Para-Neolithic Zedmar culture, which existed in the south-east Baltic region. The presented pottery come from the Late Atlantic layers, dated 5600–5100 conv BP. The pottery is discussed regarding the technology, morphological details, vessel forms and ornamentation. Each of the elements shows multidirectional influences or similarities with the Western and the Eastern Para-Neolithic, as well as the Danubian cultures and the TRB. However, a specific characteristic of the early Zedmar pottery relies on mixing features of various origins or traditions, creating a new and peculiar technology and style.
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Davenport, Caillan. "The Provincial Appointments of the Emperor Macrinus". Antichthon 46 (2012): 184–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066477400000198.
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AbstractThis article argues that the emperor Macrinus initiated an overhaul of the ranks of provincial governors after he came to the throne in 217. He removed several of Caracalla's legates in the Danubian region and in the provinces along the eastern frontier, replacing them with his own appointees. This interventionist approach to provincial administration was a significant departure from the usual practice of emperors retaining their predecessor's governors. It is argued that Macrinus' break with tradition was motivated by the fact that he was the first emperor to be elevated from the ordo equester, and wanted to consolidate his position by ensuring that the provinces were entrusted to trustworthy legates.
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Ploscaru, Cristian. ""THE DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES (1829-1835): AUTONOMY AND CONSTITUTIONAL FEATURES IN THE COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN CONTEXT "". Analele Universităţii din Craiova seria Istorie 27, n.º 2 (23 de enero de 2023): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/aucsi.2022.2.04.
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The main themes covered in this study concern the changes in die political and juridical status of die Dannbian Principalities (Moldavia, Wallachia and Serbia), following die Treaty of Adrianople, in the sense of defining tiieir internal autonomy, as well as die institutional transformations that followed, which shaped die modem architecture of die state, but also die means of interference and control of die protecting power, Russia. Analysed in a European constitutional context, die Organic Regiilations of die Romanian Principalities and die "constitrution" projects drafted in die Principality of Serbia tended to establish a political regime of mixed monarchy, of real modern substance, but also suitable for Russian interests in the Lower Danube region.
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Kastory, Agnieszka Małgorzata. "Znaczenie Dunaju w europejskiej sieci dróg wodnych". Politeja 17, n.º 6(69) (1 de abril de 2021): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.69.05.
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The Role of the Danube River in the Trans-European Waterway Network
In the 20th century, the Danube Region was subject to numerous and far-reaching political transformations, which had a negative impact on the expansion of the Danube waterway transport, affected mainly by political, economical and military crises that took place in the 1990s. Nowadays, only 9% of all river cargo is shipped via the Danube River. The European Union makes an effort to increase this number up to 30%, and to ensure the river’s permanent inclusion in the Trans-European Transport Network, with an ongoing process of adjusting the Danube shipping law to the regulations applicable to other European rivers. Nonetheless, the implementation of the EU Strategy for the Danube Region has little effect on the transportation growth in the Danube Basin so far – due to insufficient support from the European Union, the Danubian countries’ unwillingness to carry out expensive investments, and difficulties related to the process of redirecting the existing trade routes.
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Takáč, Jozef, Bernard Šiška y Vladimír Píš. "Evaluation of Adaptive Measures to Reduce Climate Change Impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stock In Žitný Ostrov Region". Agriculture (Polnohospodárstvo) 57, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2011): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10207-011-0009-9.
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Evaluation of Adaptive Measures to Reduce Climate Change Impact on Soil Organic Carbon Stock In Žitný Ostrov RegionClimate change impacts on soil organic carbon sequestration rate were simulated by agroecological model DAISY. Daily meteorological data for the Danubian Lowland up to 2100 were generated according to emission scenarios SRES A2 and B1 using general circulation model CGCM3.1. Effect of gradual increase of CO2concentration in the atmosphere was taken into account. Various crop rotations as well as various management practices including irrigation and crop residuals incorporation were considered in three variants: i/ rainfed, residuals not incorporated, ii/ irrigated, residuals not incorporated, iii/ summer crops irrigated and residuals incorporated. Modelling outputs confirm that conventional rainfed agro-technical practices without incorporation of crop residues resulted to significant loss of soil organic carbon in soil profile towards more distanced time slices. The irrigation and the incorporation of crop residuals including stems and leaves can reduce soil organic carbon losses. If it is combined with proper crop rotation the soil organic carbon stock in soil profile can even increase.
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Riffel, Michael y Arnd Schreiber. "Morphometric differentiation in populations of the Central European sculpin Cottus gobio L., a fish with deeply divergent genetic lineages". Canadian Journal of Zoology 76, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 1998): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-007.
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The morphological differentiation between four population collectives of the Central European sculpin Cottus gobio from southwestern Germany and adjacent France (the contact region of the Rhine, Danube, and Rhône drainage basins) was evaluated using multivariate analysis of 34 morphometric and 3 meristic characters. Body shape separated Neckarian and Danubian sculpins, Rhenish stocks taking a somewhat intermediate position. These morphological differences between populations from various drainage basins were slighter than the deeper allozyme differentiation observed in a previous study. However, both allozymes and morphometry indicated the same population groupings. It is concluded that C. gobio displays an accelerated rate of allozyme evolution, or that stabilizing selection conserves its phenotype despite ongoing evolution at the protein level. The morphological data do not support the distinction of species in the area of the Rhine/Danube watershed.
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Meyer, Eduard E. "THE CONTROL REGAINING OVER THE DANUBE PROVINCES AS DESCRIBED BY CLAUDIANUS". RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, n.º 1 (2021): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2021-1-74-80.
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The paper analyzes the poetic work of a late antique court poet from Western Roman Empire Claudius Claudianus. The key verbal construc - tions describing the situation on the Lower-Danube region after the Goths have settled are identified. The analysis of the Claudianus’ discourse shows the state of alarm of the Honorius court looked at the Balkan region. The high officials of Western Empire sought to establish Roman authority over the Danube region, regardless of whether the Eastern or Western court would rule there. Claudianus conveys to the readers that desire to see those lands under Roman rule. The study of contexts in which the Danube is men- tioned by Claudianus allows to assume that in the official discourse at court of the Western Emperor Honorius the Lower-Danube lands were pronounced pacified. They were beginning to recover from the destruction of the past wars, although still being perceived as a hotbed of instability. It was supposed that after Theodosius I first concluded the Treaty with the Goths in 382, and then Alaric and his people left Thrace in 395, the Danubian lands returned to Roman rule regardless whether the Roman institutes of power there functioned or not.
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Haskevych, Dmytro. "Late Mesolithic Individuals of the Danube Iron Gates Origin on the Dnipro River Rapids (Ukraine)? Archaeological and Bioarchaeological Records". Open Archaeology 8, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2022): 1138–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2022-0266.
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Abstract In contrast to large-scale prehistoric migrations, associated with massive population shifts and changes in material culture, movements of small human groups or single individuals are barely visible but no less important. In publications of the 1960s–2000s, specificity of craniological, odontological, and metrical characteristics as well as stable isotope values of some individuals distinguishing the Late Mesolithic cemetery of Vasylivka II among other Mesolithic and Neolithic burial sites in the Dnipro River basin was explained by some gene flows. However, archaeologists could not develop these views since the original excavation report of 1953 and all grave goods from Vasylivka II were considered lost. Another old field document, where pendants of the pharyngeal teeth of fish, and the shells of spiral, probably Mediterranean, molluscs found there were mentioned, allowed the recent suggestion of the author of the current article that several individuals from the Danube Iron Gates region were interred in the cemetery. Previous arguments along with new evidence are presented here to develop this hypothesis. Re-found personal ornaments from one burial, the only available grave goods from Vasylivka II, are published here for the first time. The established regularity that most relatively young men and women from the graveyard have conditional “Danubian” δ13C values in the range from −20 to −21‰ assumes the mutual exchange of marriage partners born in the Iron Gates and the Dnipro Rapids. A waterborne route is discussed as a more probable mode of communication between these regions.
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Westing, Arthur H. "Environmental Security for the Danube Basin". Environmental Conservation 16, n.º 4 (1989): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900009747.
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This paper examines the level of environmental security in the Danube River drainage basin: an ecogeographical region covering 800 thousand square kilometres, supporting some 86 million inhabitants, and occupying greater or lesser portions of 12 nations—especially of the 8 riparian nations. The waters of the basin are important, if not indispensable, to the basin inhabitants for various purposes, among them: household, municipal, agricultural, industrial, waste disposal, transportation, power generation, fishing, and aesthetic.Despite a flow at the mouth of some 6,500 cubic metres per second, the Danube basin waters do not suffice for all of these diverse and sometimes conflicting demands that are placed upon them, this paper outlines the resulting environmental problems—especially those associated with Danubian pollution, habitat disruption, and the generation of hydropower. It refers to the existing legal instruments that address environmental vandalism (especially in time of war), pollution (of both air and water), habitat disruption, and resource utilization (both non-extractive and extractive), noting their levels of acceptance and their lacunae.
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Tchoumatchenco, Platon, Dragoman Rabrenovic, Barbara Radulovic y Vladan Radulovic. "Trans-border (east Serbia/west Bulgaria) correlation of the Jurassic sediments: Main Jurassic paleogeographic units". Annales g?ologiques de la Peninsule balkanique, n.º 67 (2006): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gabp0667013t.
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In the region across the Serbian/Bulgarian state border, there are individualized 5 Jurassic paleogeographic units (from West to East): (1) the Thracian Massif Unit without Jurassic sediments; (2) the Luznica-Koniavo Unit - partially with Liassic in Grsten facies and with deep water Middle Callovian-Kimmeridgian (p. p) sediments of the type "ammonitico rosso", and Upper Kimmeridgian-Tithonian siliciclastics flysch; (3) The Getic Unit subdivided into two subunits - the Western Getic Sub-Uni - without Lower Jurassic sediments and the Eastern Getic Sub-Unit with Lower Jurassic continental and marine sediments, which are followed in both sub-units by carbonate platform limestones (type Stramberk); (4) the Infra (Sub)-Getic Unit - with relatively deep water Liassic and Dogger sediments (the Dogger of type "black shales with Bossitra alpine") and Middle Callovian-Tithonian of type "ammonitico rosso"; (5) the Danubian Unit - with shallow water Liassic, Dogger and Malm (Miroc-Vrska Cuka Zone, deep water Dogger and Malm (Donjomilanovacko-Novokoritska Zone).
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Koledin, Jovan, Urszula Bugaj, Paweł Jarosz, Mario Novak, Marcin M. Przybyła, Michał Podsiadło, Anita Szczepanek, Miloš Spasić y Piotr Włodarczak. "First archaeological investigations of barrows in the Bačka region and the question of the Eneolithic/Early Bronze Age barrows in Vojvodina". Praehistorische Zeitschrift 95, n.º 2 (25 de noviembre de 2020): 350–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2020-0003.
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AbstractIn various prehistoric periods, the territory of Vojvodina became the target of the migration of steppe communities with eastern origins. The oldest of these movements are dated to the late Eneolithic and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age. There are at least two stages among them: I – dated to the end of the fourth millennium BC / beginning of the third millennium BC and II – dated from 3000 to 2600 BC and combined with the communities of the classical phase of the Yamnaya culture. The data documenting these processes have been relatively poor so far – in comparison with the neighboring regions of Bulgaria, Romania and Hungary. A big drawback was the small number of systematically excavated mounds, providing comprehensive data on the funeral ritual of steppe communities. This poor database has been slightly enriched as a result of the design of the National Science Centre (Cracow, Poland) entitled “Danubian route of the Yamnaya culture”. Its effect was to examine the first two barrows located on the territory of Bačka – the western region of Vojvodina. Currently, these burial mounds are the westernmost points on the map of the cemeteries of the Yamnaya culture complex. Radiocarbon dates obtained for new finds, as well as for archival materials, allow specifying two stages of use of cemeteries of Yamnaya culture: I – around 3000–2900 BC and II – around 2800–2600 BC. Among the finds from Banat, there were also few materials coming probably from the older period, corresponding to the classical phase of Baden – Coţofeni I–II. The enigmatic nature of these discoveries, however, does not allow to specify their dating as well as cultural dependencies.
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Marinov, Miroslav, Denitsa Teofanova, Dimitar Gadjev, Georgi Radoslavov y Peter Hristov. "Mitochondrial diversity of Bulgarian native dogs suggests dual phylogenetic origin". PeerJ 6 (27 de junio de 2018): e5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5060.
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The dog has been the first domesticated animal to have a central role in human society from ancient times to present day. Although there have been numerous investigations of dog phylogeny and origin, genetic data of dogs in the region of the Balkan Peninsula (South-Eastern Europe) are still scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to perform phylogenetic analysis of three native Bulgarian dog breeds. A total of 130 samples were analyzed at HVR1 (hypervariable region, D-loop region). The samples were taken from two hunting dog breeds (Bulgarian Hound Dog: Barak,n = 34; Bulgarian Scenthound Dog: Gonche,n = 45) as well as from a Bulgarian Shepherd Dog (n = 51). The first two breeds are reared in a flat region of the country (the Northern part of Bulgaria, the Danubian Plain), while the last breed is a typical representative of the mountainous part of the country. The results have shown the presence of almost all main clades—A, B, C and D—in the three dog breeds taken together, except clades E and F, as expected. With regard to haplogroups distribution, there are clear differences among investigated breeds. While hunting breeds exhibit a prevalence of clade C, the mountainous Shepherd dog shows presence of the D2 haplogroup but absence of the C clade. In conclusion, the present study has been the first to investigate the mitochondrial DNA diversity of native dog breeds in Bulgaria. The results have revealed a clear difference of haplogroups dissemination in native hunting and shepherd dogs, which suggests a dual independent phylogenetic origin, without hybridization events between these dogs.
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Scholz, T., R. Kuchta, A. P. Shinn, V. Šnábel y V. Hanzelová. "Host specificity and geographical distribution ofEubothriumin European salmonid fish". Journal of Helminthology 77, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2003): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/joh2003188.
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AbstractThe host specificity and distribution ofEubothrium crassum(Bloch, 1779) andEubothrium salvelini(Schrank, 1790), morphologically fairly similar pseudophyllidean tapeworms parasitizing salmonid fish, were critically assessed on the basis of morphological and genetic evaluation of extensive material collected from different definitive hosts and geographical regions in Europe.Eubothrium crassumoccurs in fish of the generaSalmo, i.e. salmon (S. salar– both freshwater and marine), sea trout (S. trutta trutta), brown trout (S. truttafario), and lake trout (S. truttalacustris), and also in Danubian salmon (Hucho hucho) and vendace (Coregonus albula).Eubothrium salveliniparasitizes Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in Europe, and also whitefish (Coregonus wartmanni). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), which is not a native European fish species, was found to be a suitable definitive host for bothEubothriumspecies, which may occur simultaneously in the same fish. Previous records ofE. crassumin Arctic char and brook trout, and those ofE. salveliniin fish of the genusSalmowere most probably misidentifications. Most studies ofEubothriumhave involved salmonids from the northern part of Europe, with few records from southern and south-eastern Europe. This study also confirmed the reliability of the morphology of the apical disc for the discrimination ofE. crassumandE. salvelini.
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Miloiu, Silviu-Marian. "Editorial Foreword". Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 5, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2013): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v5i2_1.
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A large part of the articles published in the current issue of Revista Română de Studii Baltice şi Nordice / The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies have been initially presented at the Fourth International Conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania: Empire-Building and Region-Building in the Baltic, North and Black Sea areas held at Ovidius University Of Constanța in May 2013. The conference approached the North in the wider perspective of regional cooperation intra- and extra-Nordic muros. The North is regarded as a springboard of regional cooperation which has a strong though faltering historical and cultural background and an obvious European dimension. The downfall of the Communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the process of European integration (whether some of the Nordic countries belong to the EU or not, they are all part and parcel of the process and deeply affected by it) have encouraged the development of regional cooperation in Northern Europe. Belonging to the Northern dimension of the EU meant not only maintaining a regional identity with deep roots in history and culture and making the others acknowledge it, but also strengthening the influence of Nordic countries within and outside the EU and fostering other regional cooperation initiatives in the Baltic Sea area and outside it. Patterned on the Nordic regional cooperation, the Baltic States of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia strengthened their regional cooperation and envisaged deepening their ties to surrounding areas, especially with the Nordic countries. Alongside the Nordic countries, they also gradually turned into a model for the Danubian and Black Sea countries. In this respect, the conference addressed themes such as: the empire building, region-building, national/nationalist, cultural construction discourses present in these regions; the historic development of these regional initiatives and/or organizations and the relations between them; political, cultural and diplomatic relations between Baltic and/or Nordic states, on the one hand, and the Black Sea countries, on the other hand; the relations between the EU integration and different Baltic, North and Black Sea regional structures; education and leadership in the context of regionalization in the Baltic Sea and Black Sea areas; linguistic unity and diversity in Scandinavia and the Baltic states; Nordic and Baltic identity through cultural diversity; water protection in the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea Region and the role of agriculture; inter- and intra-regional comparisons.
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Acatrinei, Arina, Ioana Rusu, Cristina Mircea, Cezara Zagrean-Tuza, Emese Gál, Doru Păceșilă, Oana Gâza et al. "Shedding Light on the Dark Ages: Sketching Potential Trade Relationships in Early Medieval Romania through Mitochondrial DNA Analysis of Sheep Remains". Diversity 13, n.º 5 (13 de mayo de 2021): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050208.
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Southeast Europe has played an important role in shaping the genetic diversity of sheep due to its proximity to the Danubian route of transport from the Near East into Europe, as well as its possible role as a post-domestication migration network and long tradition of sheep breeding. The history of Romania and, in particular, the historical province of Dobruja, located on the shore of the Black Sea, has been influenced by its geographical position at the intersection between the great powers of the Near East and mainland Europe, with the Middle Ages being an especially animated time in terms of trade, migration, and conflict. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial control region of five sheep originating from the Capidava archaeological site (Dobruja, Southeast Romania), radiocarbon dated to the Early Middle Ages (5–10th century AD), in order to better understand the genetic diversity of local sheep populations and human practices in relation to this particular livestock species. The analyses illustrate high haplotype diversity in local medieval sheep, as well as possible genetic continuity in the region. A higher tendency for North to South interaction, rather than East to West, is apparent, together with a lack of interaction along the Asian route. Continuous interaction between the First Bulgarian Empire, which occupied Dobruja starting with the 7th century AD, and the Byzantine Empire is indicated. These results might suggest expanding trade in Southeast Romania in the Early Middle Ages.
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Gawęda, Aleksandra, Krzysztof Szopa, Jan Golonka, David Chew y Anna Waśkowska. "Central European Variscan Basement in the Outer Carpathians: A Case Study from the Magura Nappe, Outer Western Carpathians, Poland". Minerals 11, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030256.
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Exotic crystalline blocks within the Outer Carpathian flysch have the potential to establish the nature of their eroded basement source(s) and thus to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Outer Carpathians. Petrological investigations (including mineral analyses) coupled with zircon and apatite U-Pb dating were performed on an exotic crystalline block within Eocene siliciclastic rocks in the Rača Zone of the Magura Nappe in the Outer Western Carpathians, Poland. This exotic block is a large (c. 1 m diameter) pink porphyritic granitoid block found in the Osielczyk Stream, southeast of Osielec village in the Makowski Beskid mountains. The timing of magmatic crystallization is constrained by a U-Pb zircon age of 315.9 ± 2.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.69), while inherited zircon cores yield Archean (c. 2780 Ma), Cadomian (541.8 ± 6.7 Ma; MSWD = 0.53), Devonian (417 ± 11 Ma; MSWD = 0.57) and Early Variscan (c. 374 Ma) ages. Apatites from the same sample yield a Tera Wasserburg lower intercept U-Pb age of 311.3 ± 7.5 (MSWD = 0.87). The granitoid exhibits geochemical characteristics typical of I-type granites and εNd(316 Ma) = 2.15 (with a TDM model age of 1.18 Ga) and 87Sr/86Sr(316 Ma) = 0.704710. These data suggest a likely source region in the Saxo-Danubian Granite Belt, which possibly formed the basement of the Fore-Magura Ridge.
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Simeonov, Simeon A. "The Austrian Vice-Consulate in Rousse and the Hungarian Revolution (1848 – 1849)". Istoriya-History 31, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2023): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/his2023-1-3-the.
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The present study reveals the activities of the Austrian vice-consulate in Rousse along the Danubian coastline in the wake of the Hungarian Revolution (1848 – 1849). The Austrian vice-consul in the city, Emmanuel von Rössler, developed diligent intelligence and public service activities in Rousse, Vidin and Shumen, with which he privileged Habsburg loyalists and hindered the activity of separatist defectors in the Ottoman Empire. In the spirit of “new” diplomatic history, the contribution pays particular attention to the relationship between the vice-consul and the many disaffected soldiers and emigrants who relied on his instructions and resources in the tense political situation after the revolutionary 1848. Also, the article rethinks the place of consular institutions in the world of international relations through the lens of transnational history, emphasizing their relative independence and presenting a more accurate picture of the active interactions between different consular missions and units. Last but not least, the study uses the methodology of “entangled” history to rethink the role of local events in the Ottoman lands between Stara Planina and the Danube in the context of the global Age of Revolutions, analyzing the processes in this region as an integral part of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary dynamics in the middle of the “long” XIX century.
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Bruchev, Ilia, Nikolai Dobrev, Georgi Frangov, Plamen Ivanov, Radoslav Varbanov, Boyko Berov, Rosen Nankin y Miroslav Krastanov. "The landslides in Bulgaria — factors and distribution". Geologica Balcanica 36, n.º 3-4 (30 de diciembre de 2007): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.52321/geolbalc.36.3-4.3.
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The necessity of contemporary assessment of the natural hazardous processes on the territory of Bulgaria leading to disastrous and catastrophic situations in a number of regions is motivated by their high activity resulting in destruction of building fund, infrastructure, historicalmonuments, land use disturbance and annihilation of areas, interrupting of communications, aggravation of ecological conditions, human health threats, social stress enhancement. The landslide manifestations displayed recently along the Black Sea coast and the Danubian riparian area, the Rhodopes and other parts of the country and their serious consequences confirm the long ago ascertained truth that the Bulgarian territory is characterized by a high degree of landslide hazard. The geological-tectonic conditions and the relief of the country determine the development of a large number of landslides on its territory. The many years of research and applied activities on landslides have led to the establishment of important relationships for their distribution, factors for origin and activation, mechanism and dynamics, etc. The origin and activation of landslides is a consequence of the influence of many factors — tectonic, seismic, geomorphologic, climatic and technogenic ones. A part of them act permanently, while others have short-term impact. Both separately and in combination they reduce slope stability and provoke the manifestation of big and destructive landslides. The impact of the destabilizing factors and the distribution of 403 landslides are analyzed in this work. Regions with different degree of landslide hazard have been distinguished. Diagrams are shown for the regional distribution and time of landslide display. The weighted effect of the destabilizing factors for slope stability formation is different. A part of them as the contemporary vertical movements and earthquakes are of regional importance, others act locally — erosion, abrasion, precipitation. The origin of the active landslides may be closely related to contemporary tectonic activity. The regional distribution of the landslides according to their volume shows that landslides with a volume up to 10 million m3 are the prevailing type in the country. The most numerous landslides in this group — about 50% of the total number — are observed along high Danubean Bank and Northern Black Sea coast, in the tectonically active grabens as Sofia, Pernik or Simitli and the landslides along some of the faults in the Strouma zone. The largest landslides with a volume of more than 100 million m3 are encountered along the Danubean Bank, the Northern Black Sea coast and in Rhodope Region.
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Fusz, Katalin, Zsuzsanna Kívés, Annamária Pakai, Natália Kutfej, András Deák y András Oláh. "Health behavior, sleep quality and subjective health status among Hungarian nurses working varying shifts". Work 68, n.º 1 (29 de enero de 2021): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-203366.
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BACKGROUND: Distinctly, shift work is burdensome for nurses and may lead to health problems. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to examine the nursing shift system genres and to analyze the potentially debilitating effects upon sleep quality and the subjective state of physical and mental health when considering varying shift schedules. METHODS: The first cross-sectional study (n = 639) was performed at the Clinical Center at the University of Pécs, and throughout various hospitals in the South-Danubian Region. The Hungarian version of the Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire, the Berlin Questionnaire and the 13-item Sense of Coherence Scale were implemented. In the longitudinal survey (n = 52), the quality of sleep was determined by the ActiGraph GT1M type of activity meter supplemented with a sleep diary. RESULTS: Interestingly, most respondents weight gained among the irregular schedule group (p = 0.004). The nurses working a flexible schedule reportedly slept better (p = 0.003), had a higher sense of coherence (p = 0.013) and exhibited better subjective health status (p = 0.017) than when compared with nurses working irregular shifts. The frequency of psychosomatic complaints aligned with the length of rest periods proved influential (p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: Admittedly, the irregularity of work schedules is stressful for nurses. Due to the health status of nurses, it is a worthy consideration to establish the least exhausting work schedules.
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Cosma, Călin. "Fast Wheel Gravel-tempered Coarse Ware Found in 7th–10th-Century Cemeteries from Western Romania". Ephemeris Napocensis 31 (10 de febrero de 2022): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.33993/ephnap.2021.31.283.
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Sometime in the 7th century, pottery made with a potter’s wheel reaching a medium rotation speed appeared in the Carpathian Basin. This particular pottery, generically referred to as “Danubian-type pottery”, evolved in different ways from one region to another until it was generalized in the 8th century as a specific type that characterizes large areas in central and south-eastern Europe. Owing to the technical innovations that led to the improvement of the potter’s wheel, pottery also began to be produced on the fast-rotating wheel. However, 7th–10th-century fast wheel pottery from Transylvania should not be regarded as an ethnic attribute. Early Medieval wheel-thrown pottery is recorded not only in settlements but also in inhumation and bi-ritual cemeteries from Transylvania, north-western Romania and Crișana (centralwestern Romania), constantly appearing from the Middle Avar period (AD 650/670) until the end of the 10th century (Tab. 1–2). The list of finds thus demonstrates that all population groups archaeologically attested in Transylvania by material evidence and, especially, spiritual activities knew fast wheel pottery. These are mainly Avar and Slavic populations, represented in the group of Avar cemeteries at the Mureș river bend in central Transylvania and the Mediaș Group, which can be attributed to the Slavic and Slavo-Avar populations of the Transylvanian Plateau.
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PIAHANAU, Aliaksandr. "Police Violence During the “Belle Epoqueˮ. Formation and Activity of the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie (1881–1914)". Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, n.º 1 (2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640018257-0.
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Drawing on statistical and press data, the article analyses the dynamics and socio-political context of violence on the part of the Hungarian Royal Gendarmerie on the eve of the Great War. It attempts to establish the political context of the formation of the Gendarmerie in Hungary in 1881, to identify situations in which its officers engaged in physical violence, and to trace the dynamics of its development up to 1914. The Gendarmerie, formed in 1881 primarily from ethnic Magyars, was the largest law enforcement body at the direct disposal of the Hungarian government. Its personnel rose from 5,500 in the mid-1880s to 12,000 by 1914. During this time, its law enforcement responsibilities extended beyond the countryside to towns and cities. Gendarmes were regularly called upon by the authorities to suppress mass demonstrations and strikes, and to organise parliamentary elections and conduct political investigations. Official reports indicate that violence peaked in the late 1880s, mid-1890s, and 1905–1910. The Trans-danubian region was the most dangerous zone for the gendarmerie, but the quietest were Felvidék and Transylvania. The death toll at the hands of the gendarmes remains unknown, but the royal gendarmerie reported using weapons around hundred times a year. The article suggests that the violence and relative impunity of the gendarmes undermined public confidence in the government.
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Moise, Ioan Gabriel y Edith-Hilde Kaiter. "Romanian naval dimplomacy, continuous evolution in the swirl of external diplomacy". Technium Sustainability 2, n.º 1 (3 de enero de 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/sustainability.v2i1.5454.
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From ancient times the dominion of the seas has been a condition for gaining power and influence, and the position of a state near a sea has been an advantage for both its development and the neighboring region. Due to its geographical position, the Black Sea is a region of great importance for all actors claiming leading positions in the world hierarchy and the intensification of economic relations between the states of the region after the end of the Soviet monopoly and its connection to the world market generated auspices for a new cycle development and regional prosperity. The relocation of the EU border to the Black Sea, along with the integration of Romania and Bulgaria, brings in many economic benefits, given its dependence on oil imports, but its expansion, like that of NATO, does not only mean benefits. The EU and NATO must also take on vulnerabilities in the area, such as underperforming economies, arms, drug and human trafficking, illegal immigration or frozen conflicts, and thus try to help stabilize the region. In recent years, the military has not only played a destabilizing role, but has made a decisive contribution to ensuring the security of the Black Sea region. In this sense, the military naval forces of the riparian countries, including Romania, had a special role. Through the wide range of missions in which the Romanian Naval Forces participate in the Danubian-Pontic space, both internally and externally, in cooperation with the states bordering the Black Sea and with the NATO member states, Romania contributes to the promotion of regional security and stability. The naval diplomacy actions carried out in the last thirty years thus reveal not only the role and purpose of the Romanian Naval Forces within NATO in the actions of maintaining and consolidating good relations with the states bordering the Black Sea, as well as maintaining security with allies in the distant maritime districts. They also point out that naval diplomacy has contributed to the expression of foreign policy in different areas and with means that have increased its effect, impact and efficiency.
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Klochko, Viktor. "Metal Axes of the Kozarac-Stublo Type from Carpathian-Volhynia Metallurgy Center of ´Willow Leaf´ of Ukrainian Corded Ware Culture Circle and Its Connections to Danubian Region". Slovenská archeológia LXVIII, Suppl. 1 (31 de diciembre de 2020): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/slovarch.2020.suppl.1.26.
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D’Agaro, Edo, PierPaolo Gibertoni, Fabio Marroni, Maria Messina, Emilio Tibaldi y Stefano Esposito. "Genetic and Phenotypic Characteristics of the Salmo trutta Complex in Italy". Applied Sciences 12, n.º 7 (22 de marzo de 2022): 3219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12073219.
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Salmonid fish have become ecological and research models of study in the field of conservation genetics and genomics. Over the last decade, brown trout have received a high level of interest in research and publications. The term Salmo trutta complex is used to indicate the large number of geographic forms present in the species Salmo trutta. In Europe, the S. trutta complex consists (based on mitochondrial DNA control region analysis) of seven major evolutionary lineages: Atlantic (AT), Mediterranean (ME), Adriatic (AD), Danubian (DA), Marmoratus (MA), Duero (DU) and Tigris (TI). In several nations, the difficulty of identifying some lineages derives from their wide phenotypic and geographic plasticity and the presence of mixed lineages (due to introgressive hybridization with domestic AT populations). In Italy, the S. trutta complex populations living in the Tyrrhenian area and on the main islands (Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica) showed high genetic diversity. Currently, on the Italian Red List, the protected (near threatened) populations are the AD and ME lineages. Recent studies based on traditional (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) and NGS (next-generation sequencing) analyses have clarified some genetic differences between the populations of the Tyrrhenian region, Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Native populations in Sardinia belong to the AD lineage, while those living in Corsica are mainly characterized by the AD, MA and ME haplotypes. In Sicily, in the area of the Iblei mountains, an AT lineage (North African) exists. According to some authors, the term Salmo macrostigma should only be used for populations in North Africa. The use of genotyping methods based on mtDNA and nuclear markers and the latest generation sequencing techniques can improve the study of populations and evolutionary lineages in areas where there are overlaps and hybridization phenomena.
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Golden, P. B. "“I will give the people unto thee” : The Činggisid Conquests and Their Aftermath in the Turkic World". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 10, n.º 1 (abril de 2000): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186300011925.
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The Mongol conquests produced the last in a series of realignments of the Turkic peoples, creating, more or less, the configurations in which we find them today. The earliest of these realignments was associated with the rise and fall of the Hsiung-nu polity (second century BC to mid-second century AD). This was the first of the attempts at a pannomadic state. Mao-tun, the “Great Shanyü whom heaven has set up”, the founder of the Hsiung-nu union, boasted in a letter to the Han Court that because of his efforts “all the people who live by drawing the bow are now united into one family.”2 Činggis Qan expressed similar thoughts regarding the “people having skirts of felt” i.e. living in feltcovered tents.3 Although it cannot be demonstrated that all the Eurasian nomads were, indeed, incorporated into the Hsiung-nu polity, substantial numbers of the Turkic nomads undoubtedly were. In its formative, “heroic” years of conquest and in the course of its collapse, a number of Turkic (and other) pastoral, nomadic peoples were brought into motion along China's northern frontiers and adjoining regions. Others were pushed westward, some making their way to what is today Kazakhstan and into the Caspian-Pontic steppelands. This marked the first large-scale movement westward of Turkic peoples from Inner Asia to Central Asia and thence to the Western Eurasian steppelands. The final stages of these migrations ultimately brought some of the nomads to Danubian Europe and the Hungarian Plain.
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Robertson, James. "Imagining the Balkans as a Space of Revolution: The Federalist Vision of Serbian Socialism, 1870–1914". East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2017): 402–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417701815.
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Between the years 1870 and 1914, leftist intellectuals in the Kingdom of Serbia theorized and promoted a project of Balkan Federation as a strategic priority in the social, economic, and political transformation of the region. This article offers a genealogy of these federalist ideas and places them in dialogue with rival projects of regional unification in the Balkans and Eastern Europe during the long nineteenth century. It begins by developing a typology of federalist projects in Europe, categorizing these according to the underlying models of sovereignty upon which they were founded. I identify four categories: revolutionary-republican, imperial-reformist, imperial-irredentist, and revolutionary-social. Instead of organizing these federalisms according to their authors’ ideological commitments (socialist, nationalist, pan-Slavic) or their geographic scope (Balkan, Danubian), the article argues that examining their respective models of sovereignty offers intellectual historians a more productive approach to identify the unexpected convergences and divergences of federalist projects during this period. The article then moves into a discussion of the development of Serbian socialist ideas of Balkan Federation, beginning first with the work of Svetozar Marković (1846–1875) and then turning to the writings of the fin de siècle Social Democratic Party in the decade before World War I. Situating this genealogy of socialist Balkan federalism in its broader European intellectual milieu, I use the above typology to identify the ways in which Serbian socialists converged and diverged from contemporary federalist projects, including the reformist ideas of the Austro-Marxists, the irredentist strategy of the Serbian Progressive Party, and the republican ideas of Karel Kautsky.
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Kashirin, Vasily B. "Lieutenant-Colonel Nazar Karazin in the Danubian Principalities on the Eve and at the Beginning of the Russian-Turkish War of 1768–74". Slavic World in the Third Millennium 16, n.º 1-2 (2021): 109–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2021.16.1-2.06.
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In this article, which is based on unpublished materials from the Russian archives and Romanian sources which are practically unknown in Russia, the activities of Russian Lieutenant-Colonel Nazar Aleksandrovich Karazin are described. Karazin was a secret emissary of Empress Catherine II in the Principality of Wallachia at the beginning of the Russian-Turkish War of 1768–74, and later the commander of an independent partisan detachment with a special assignment in the Danube theatre of war, acting separately from the main forces of the Russian army. Based on the new material, this article clarifies the geography and chronology of Karazin’s walking trip (in the guise of a pilgrim monk) to Bucharest in the spring of 1769. Moving through Galich on the Dniester and via the Great Skete Monastery (Manyavsky Holy Cross Monastery) in the region of Pokutie, Karazin arrived in the town of Suceava on 4 April, from where he travelled to Wallachia through Austrian Transylvania, crossing the Carpathian Mountains twice. On 7 May, 1769, he arrived in Bucharest, and then, having established contact with the leadership of the pro-Russian party of Wallachia, on 19 May moved back and arrived at the camp of the main forces of the Russian 1st Army near Derazhnya on 2 June, 1769. After that, Karazin, in accordance with his instructions, remained at the headquarters of the 1st Army commander, Prince A. M. Golitsyn, during the summer campaign. On 10 September, 1769, after the capture of the Khotin fortress by the Russian army and the retreat of the Turks from Moldova, Karazin, on behalf of Golitsyn, again set off at the head of a detachment of Arnauts (mercenaries of Balkan origin who had switched to the Russian side) to the town of Fokshany on the border between Moldavia and Wallachia, with a mission to raise an anti-Turkish uprising. His detachment played an important role in organizing the insurrectionary movement in the northeastern part of Wallachia and the expulsion of the Turks from Bucharest in early November 1769, and then in the defense of the capital of Wallachia during the counter-offensives of the Ottoman forces in December 1769 and January 1770. The content of the article refutes the family narratives about N.A. Karazin and his adventures during the war years, which contain factuallyinaccurate information.
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Pišút, Peter, Eva Břízová, Tomáš Čejka y Radovan Pipík. "Paleofloristic and paleofaunistic analysis of Dudváh River oxbow and implication for Late Holocene paleoenvironmental development of the Žitný ostrov Island (SW Slovakia)". Geologica Carpathica 61, n.º 6 (1 de diciembre de 2010): 513–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-010-0032-1.
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Paleofloristic and paleofaunistic analysis of Dudváh River oxbow and implication for Late Holocene paleoenvironmental development of the Žitný ostrov Island (SW Slovakia)Žitný ostrov, the largest island of the Danube River (SW Slovakia) gained its present shape in the Neoholocene period. As a result of increased flood and geomorphological Danube river activity dated to 1378-1528 AD, the Lower Dudváh River was abandoned and its alluvium became a part of the Žitný ostrov. Study of a Dudváh terrestrialized paleomeander by means of pollen and macrofossil analysis provides new information about the paleoenvironments of the Danubian Plain. The meander under study was cut-off during the Sub-Boreal period when the land was mostly covered by oak-dominated mixed forest with a notable high frequency ofFagusandAbies.In low-lying depressions,Alnus glutinosaformed typical alder carrs. The largest decline of the mixed forest occurred during the Sub-Atlantic period. Until the mid-19thcentury the region was strongly influenced by shallow groundwater and periodical floods, as reflected by pollen of aquatics and marsh species. Amongst non-arboreal taxa, pollen of Cyperaceae, Brassicaceae/Cuscuta, Poaceae and Apiaceae prevailed. Local successional changes started with i) stage of abandoned oxbow still with influx of moving water, poor in both macrophytes and molluscs, ii) shallow eutrophic oxbow lake with slowly flowing or stagnant water overgrown with aquatics (Ranunculussubgen.Batrachium, Potamogetonsp.,Ceratophyllum demersumetc.) and abundant molluscs, iii) an open marsh dominated by Cyperaceae (mainlyCarex riparia) withAtriplex prostrata, supporting diverse molluscan and Ostracod fauna. Present-day habitat is a result of landscape changes, which have been associated with draining, intensified agriculture, ruderalisation and spread of invasive species.
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Kazanski, Michel. "Chronological Indicators of Post-Hunnic Steppe Antiquities in Eastern Europe". Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2019): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2019.2.7.
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The article discusses chronologically important things from the finds belonging to the steppe nomads of the Post-Hunnic periods in Eastern Europe, from the Urals to the Lower Danube (mid 5th – mid 6th centuries): weapons, horse equipment, elements of costume, jewelry. It should be noted that very similar types of these things prevail across the entire steppe area during the Post-Hunnic time, indicating the steppe nomad cultural homogeneity, regardless of their origin and ethnicity. Some things from the steppe graves of the time have a wider date and exist until the 7th century. Some things are typical for the early stage of the Post-Hunnic horizon, i.e. time around the middle – the second half of the 5th century. On the other hand, some things mark the end of the Post-Hunnic era and date back to the middle or second half of the 6th century. The date for most of the things examined here is established by external analogies, known in vast territories, which include the Western European and Balkan-Danubian regions. There the reasoned chronology of antiquities of the 5th – 6th centuries was developed, which is based on numerous coin finds and also on dendrochronology. Equally important for the chronology of steppe antiquities are analogs derived from the monuments of the sedentary population of the steppe borderlands, where there are numerous closed complexes. First of all, these are monuments of the North Caucasus, and the Crimea, on the chronology of which there are numerous studies. Some of the things we have considered belong to the prestigious “princely” culture and are of Mediterranean or Asian origin and thus reflect the cultural, military and political, economic ties of the steppe population and political orientation of the steppe “princely” elites in the Early Middle Ages.
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Donnellan, Lieve. "Erich Kistler et al. (eds). Sanctuaries and the power of consumption. Networking and the formation of elites in the Archaic western Mediterranean world / Gocha R. Tsetskhladze et al. (eds). The Danubian lands between the Black, Aegean, and Adriatic Seas (7th centuries BC–10th century AD)." Journal of Greek Archaeology 1 (1 de enero de 2016): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v1i.666.
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Last year saw the appearance of the eagerly-expected acts of two conferences on the archaeology of seas, or connected seascapes: physical spaces joined together by interaction and exchange over sea, rather than over land. The first volume’s aim is more narrow, with a focus on sanctuaries as a stage and instrument of elite interaction and the maintenance of power in the Archaic western Mediterranean, whereas the second book’s much broader theme is the Danube region and its wider geographical context, of the Black Sea between the 7th centuries BC–10th century AD.
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Radicevic, Dejan. "The periodisation of IX-XI century necropoles in the lower Serbian Danube river basin". Starinar, n.º 57 (2007): 349–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sta0757349r.
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It is extremely difficult to periodise the IX-XI century necropoles in the lower Serbian Danube river basin because not enough research has been done on them. Our knowledge is mainly limited to individual graves or to graveyards that have partly been investigated. An examination of the necropolis in Grabovica provided most of the data for establishing the chronology for the graves in Mihajlovac and Prahovo. Besides finds that were identical to the specimens from Grabovica, the graves in Mihajlovac and Prahovo contained finds of earrings, indicating that they may be slightly older than the graves in Grabovica and that burials in those graveyards may have ceased in the first half of the X century. This was a time when the threat of Magyar invasion existed on the right bank of the Danube, downstream from the confluence with the Morava. The graveyard in Grabovica was obviously still in use for a little longer, however, the fact that burials stopped there could have only been connected with the events that led to the end of Bulgarian and reestablishment of Byzantine authority in the Danube river basin. The formation of the necropoles in Korbovo and Kostol may have occurred roughly around that time, given the increased frequency of finds connected with the growing influence of Byzantium. Burials next to the defence wall of the fortifications in Kostol may have begun during the last decades of the X century. The unusual position of the necropolis, right next to the fortress defence wall, indicates that this graveyard was probably formed in wartime circumstances. Otherwise, a more suitable place would have been used for burials, of the kind that certainly must have existed in the neighbourhood of the fortress. One could extend the period of burying the deceased in Kostol and Korbovo to the last quarter of the XI century, at most. The later graveyards in this region are characterised by types of finds that were not discovered in earlier graveyards. An important event at that time, the uprising in 1072, could be the reason for this change in the inventory of grave finds. Earlier literature describes how life ceased in several fortresses downstream from the confluence with the Morava because of that event. It was assumed that the local Slav population had taken part in the uprising, therefore, after its failure, the inhabitants of the Danubian towns, in Djerdap and downstream, were deported or abandoned the fortresses of their own accord.