Tesis sobre el tema "Régénération du disque intervertébral"
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Frapin, Leslie. "Libération séquentielle de facteurs biologiques pour la régénération endogène du disque intervertébral". Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT1019.
Texto completoThe intervertebral disc (IVD) maintains the stability and dynamics of the spine, absorbs shocks and distributes mechanical loads along the spinal column. It has been shown that 40% of chronic low back pain cases are due to discal degeneration, resulting of a profound disruption of tissue homeostasis. Indeed, a degenerated IVD exhibits dysregulation of its anabolic/catabolic balance and an altered dialogue between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and resident cells. To date, most innovative strategies have aimed to restore the IVD physiology by injection in the Nucleus pulposus (NP) of exogenous cells that could synthesize a new healthy ECM. This project consists of using recently identified IVD stem cells as reparative cells to stimulate endogenous regeneration. The objective of this work is thus to develop an injectable sequential release system of biological factors in order to i) recruit discal stem cells toward the degenerated NP, then ii) stimulate the anabolism of these recruited cells and induce the synthesis of a healthy ECM. To do this, the chemokines CCL5 and CXCL12, as well as the growth factors GDF-5 and TGF-β1, combined with polysaccharide microparticles, were studied. This system was evaluated in vitro and then ex vivo in a spontaneously degenerated ovine IVD organ culture model
Gluais, Maude. "Médecine régénératrice du disque intervertébral : mise au point et évaluation de biomatériaux électrospinés pour la régénération de l'Annulus fibrosus". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1038/document.
Texto completoThe intervertebral disc is a fundamental component of the spine which plays an essential role in the mobility of the spine. It has been shown that 20% of chronic low back pain is related to a disc herniation, defined as the protrusion of the Nucleus pulposus (NP), through the Annulus fibrosus (AF), in the spinal canal that can induce the compression of a nerve root and cause radicular pain. Moreoever, lesions within the AF allow the entry of vessels and nerve endings that make the IVD itself painful, which is called "discogenic" pain. Currently, the surgical procedure used is partial discectomy, which consists in removing the herniated tissue, thus decompressing the nerve root involved in the radicular pain. Although short term efficiency has been proven, long-term clinical outcomes are questionable. Indeed, defects within the AF persist in time due to the limited intrinsic healing capacity of the AF and are associated with a 20% risk of reoccurrence of a disc herniation and lead to a 20% increase in the frequency of occurrence of disc degeneration. In this context, the objective of this thesis was to develop, using the electrospinning technique, a non-cellularized biomaterial whose structure reproduces the fibrous organization of native AF. Subsequently, the ability of this biomaterial to promote spontaneous infiltration of AF cells, their orientation and the deposition of an oriented extracellular matrix was tested in a sheep AF explant culture model. Finally, the stimulation of AF regeneration by this biomaterial was evaluated in an induced annular defect model in the sheep
Halimi, Célia. "Conception et élaboration d’une solution de chitosane injectable : application en ingénierie tissulaire pour la régénération du derme et du disque intervertébral". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1074.
Texto completoThis work deals with the conception of a class III medical device for applications in tissue engineering of dermis and intervertebral disc.This device consists in an aqueous chitosan solution, sterilized by autoclaving, with pH and osmolality adjusted by a dialysis process. This chitosan solution shows in situ gelation ability with a post-injection increase of mechanical properties. This feature is related to polymer concentration, gelation time, and is performed without external cross-linking agent. In addition, the solution exhibits a good injectability allowing the development of minimally invasive techniques to treat dermis and intervertebral disc diseases. A rheological performance criterion was defined linking injectability to mechanical properties of the implant (dermal filler).Mechanical properties of gel implant formed in contact with body fluids, in situ, have to be similar to that of native tissues. The viscoelastic behavior characterization of intervertebral disc was performed using stress relaxation and was modeled using a generalized solid Maxwell model (composed of three Maxwell elements). The tests were performed on healthy disc, fenestrated discs and after biopolymers injection.Chitosan solutions were injected into (i) porcine and rat cutaneous tissue and (ii) porcine and rabbit intervertebral discs. The biocompatibility and biofunctionality of chitosan solutions and physical hydrogels was evidenced in vivo for all animals
Frayssinet, Antoine. "Hydrogels composites collagène/acide hyaluronique cellularisés et biomimétiques pour la régénération du Nucleus Pulposus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS312.
Texto completoHalf of chronic back pain is associated with intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. We hypothesized that a biomimetic hydrogel would promote the regeneration of the Nucleus Pulposus, the central part of IVD. Hydrogels will provide cues to incorporated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to in situ differentiate into nucleopulpocytes. With different contents of functionalized hyaluronan (HA-Tyr), Collagen/HA-Tyr hydrogels were produced and characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, rheology, DSC, accelerated in vitro enzymatic degradation and tested for their ability to absorb water. MSC were then incorporated within Col/HA-Tyr composites and cultured over 28 days. Cell viability was assessed and cell differentiation was analysed by quantitative PCR and indirect immunohistochemistry. The presence of several nucleopulpocytes differentiation markers, such as type II Collagen, Aggrecan and KRT 18 was monitored. The manufacturing process allowed the generation of highly hydrated hydrogels (> 90%), mechanically biomimetic, resistant against enzymatic degradation, in which collagen fibrillogenesis was preserved. Without any differentiation factor, both elasticity and structure of the Col/HA-Tyr composite hydrogels seems to be sufficient to induce the differentiation of the incorporated MSCs into nucleopulpocytes. In addition, the presence of collagen was necessary for an adequate cell adhesion. Developed according to a biomimetic approach, this platform of Col-HA-Tyr hydrogels appears promising for the intervertebral disc repair
Etienne, Marjorie. "Modélisation du disque intervertébral". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4732/document.
Texto completoDisc degeneration is generally regarded as the result of chronic insufficiency of cell nutrition due to a lack of renewal of the extracellular matrix. Excessive and repeated mechanical loads are among the leading causes of injury in the disc and eventually precipitate disc degeneration. By modeling the multi-physics functioning of the disc by a quadriphasic model coupled with a metabolic model, the aim of this work is to contribute to a better understanding of the disc functions. With a numerical approach, the relationship between mechanical stress, nutrition and degeneration is studied. The disc was first represented in 2D. The effect of a simplified circadian cycle on the osmotico-mechanical and nutritional parameters of lumbar disc of a normal weight and overweight (or carrying loads) subjects was then analyzed. After that, through a 3D approach, the influence of the disc function towards rapid movements such as bending, lateral bending and axial rotation was quantified. In addition to these two approaches, a comparative study was conducted to investigate the real influence of convection compared to diffusion in the transport of nutrients. This work contributed to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal evolution of nutrients and osmotico-mechanical parameters of the intervertebral disc when it is subjected to different loadings
Promsy, Eric. "Calcification du disque intervertébral chez l'enfant". Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON11212.
Texto completoChetoui, Mohamed-Amine. "Modélisation du comportement biomécanique du disque intervertébral". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDM0008/document.
Texto completoIntervertebral disc degeneration (DD) is a natural process affecting a large part of the population. However, it can be accelerated by several factors and then become associated to lumbar disc pathologies. Given that the DD is symptomless, it is complicated to diagnostic it early. In this context, the present work aims to develop a new methodology of DD diagnostic based on medical imaging and biomechanical modeling.The intervertebral discs (IVD) are fibro-cartilaginous joints that connect vertebrae together ensuring their relative motion. They support and distribute loads applied on the spine. Mechanically, the IVD can be assimilated to a biological porous media in which the solid phase is composed of the extracellular matrix (MEC) and the fluid phase is formed by water content. It is a non-homogeneous and anisotropic component. The IVD is nonvascularized and characterized by a high water content in which cell nutrients diffuses from the adjacent vertebrae. Given this latter particularity, the porosity of the IVD presents a key factor in in its functioning especially when exposed to mechanical non-physiological loads. One of the main keys in the elaboration of a reliable DD diagnostic is to determine objectively some of the IVD interne properties related to its water content. In the present work, a new quantitative methodology of DD diagnostic is proposed. This method is based on a coupling between the medical imaging and the IVD biomechanical behavior modeling. A biphasic IVD model is developed using data from MRI imaging. This model takes into account the anisotropy of the IVD and the effect of the mechanical deformation on the nutrient transport process.The mechanical part of the developed model was firstly validated using results of relaxation tests previously performed by the biomechanics staff of IRPHE. The model is able to predict water distribution within the IVD and the water loss as response to a mechanical load. These results confirm the reliability of the developed diagnostic methodology for the studied cases. The biomechanical response to quasi-static and cyclic loads is then analyzed. The present work proposes and evaluates a new methodology of DD quantitative diagnostic. It also analyzes and compares mechanical and metabolic responses to quasi-static and cyclic loads
Deneuville, Jean-Philippe. "Caractérisation du comportement mécanique du disque intervertébral intact et fissuré". Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2303.
Texto completoSpinal disorders are the leading cause of disability worldwide. Their burden onto healthcare and social system is enormous in the western countries and it is probably neglect in developing nations. Although define as a non-specific affection, it is sometimes possible to identify patho-anatomical sources leading to the patient pain. Among them, we can find the radial fissure of the annulus fibrosus. This structural lesion triggers a cascade of biological and mechanical events which could lead to the defervescence of the disc. In this thesis, we look closer to the bigger strain /displacement of the nucleus pulposus making possible by the breach of the annulus. McKenzie hypothesize a mobile nucleus into the fissure. These strains / displacements depend on the force imposed onto the spinal functional unit by the physiological movement of the spine. Thus, a flexion strains / displaces the nucleus backward, an extension frontward and so on. To test the relevance of this hypothesis, we used a fourfold approach, including:- A systematic review of the literature with a meta-analysis.- An ex vivo approach, combining quantitative MRI and photomechanical analysis.- An in vivo approach of quantified movement analysis.- An in silico approach of finite elements modelization.Our result, despite being provisory, seems to confirm this hypothesis. But, we are far from a firm and definitive validation. Other researches are needed to finalize these goals
Robin, Johann. "Elaboration d'un matériau bioactif pour la réalisation d'une prothèse de disque intervertébral". Bordeaux 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR13037.
Texto completoHamel, Olivier. "Disque intervertébral lombal : contributions à la compréhension des phénomènes de dégénérescence discale". Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT39VS.
Texto completoInterVertebral Disc (lVD) degeneration probably represents the first cause of low back pain for which tissue engineering seems to be a clinically promising approach. Implementation of this technology implies the availability of new tools for assessing IVD degeneration and a suitable animal model IVD is a fibrocartilaginous tissue consists of a complex extra-cellular matrix playing a critical role as "shock absorber". Two new tools seem interesting in order to characterize IVD degeneration. First the study of visco-elastic properties, second the use of FTIR spectroscopy which provides a representation of the biochemical composition. These tools have been studied in rabbit IVDof different ages and in human IVD from cadavers. The study of visco-elastic properties is made difficult by their variability. Infrared spectroscopy reveals some chemical groups characterizing incipient IVD degeneration. A new animal model has also been developed in NZW rabbits, based on a laser treatment of IVD. This process allows to induce a progressive IVD degeneration, similar to spontaneous one. Use of rabbit and cadavers IVD has shown the interest of those techniques despite difficulties with size and disponibility. These points will lead us to use a more adapted animal like sheep
Garcia, Alain. "Prothèse de disque intervertébral par polymérisation in-situ : définition des différents éléments constitutifs". Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR28239.
Texto completoClouet, Johann. "Développement de l'ingénierie tissulaire du disque intervertébral : de la physiopathologie aux modèles animaux". Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=8c0865ed-dda5-4ac1-be66-9ee5be04f8f3.
Texto completoLow back pain affects 80% of the population at least once during life and constitutes a public health problem for our modern industrialized societies. Usually, they are the consequences of the intervertebral disc degeneration. Currently, the knowledges about mechanisms leading to this disc degeneration are well understood and allow to define new targets to treat the origin of the intervertebral disc degeneration. The first promising results in tissue engineering of articular cartilage associated with the existence of similarities between articular cartilage and intervertebral disc allow to considered the same approach to treat the intervertebral disc. The principle of this approach is based on the use of cells associated with a biomaterial and the substitute is injected into the degenerated disc. An update of current advances in this area is achieved and the various problems encountered during the development of such projects are discussed. These include the choice of cells and scaffolds injected, the choice of appropriate culture conditions, and the choice of evaluation methods and reliable animal models
Colombier, Pauline. "Médecine régénératrice du disque intervertébral : intérêt des cellules souches mésenchymateuses et pluripotentes induites". Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=5e5379b6-d687-4fba-8c30-14e03b8982bd.
Texto completoIntervertebral discs (IVD) are composed of a central part named Nucleus pulposus (NP). This Nucleus pulposus is populated by notochord cells (NCT), which are considered as NP cell progenitors and nucleopulpocytes I (NPCytes), responsible for extracellular matrix synthesis. Both cell types are derived from the embryonic notochord. The loss of NCT and NPCytes early in life is associated with first signs of disc degeneration. Thus, the supplementation of the degenerative NP with human stem cells- derived NCT and NPCytes could be a promising approach for the regenerative medicine of IVD. In this context, this work aimed at the establishment of a notochordal differentiation protocol from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the formation of the notochord in mice embryos were transposed to iPSC technology. To address whether NPCytes can be generated, we investigated the abilities of human mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate toward nucleopulpogenic lineage. In summary, we have shown that NCT and I NPCytes can be generated by controlling I human stem cells differentiation. In addition, molecular mechanisms driving both differentiation processes have beendescribed. Finally, these findings contributed to the regenerative medicine of IVD, by generating cells potentially able to restore NP homeostasisand function
Campana, Sophie. "Evaluation des relations entre propriétés biomécaniques et imagerie : étude in vitro du disque intervertébral". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001306.
Texto completoCampana, Sophie. "Évaluation des relations entre propriétés biomécaniques et imagerie : étude in vitro du disque intervertébral". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure ;École nationale supérieure des arts et métiers, 2004. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/721/1/CAMPANA_Sophie.pdf.
Texto completoDusfour, Gilles. "Contribution à l’étude de la croissance du disque intervertébral et de cartilage de synthèse". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS049/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to contribute to the study of the intervertebral disc growth. It is a part of a global reasearch program which focuses on the development of new predictive tools to improve treatments related to cartilage and fibrocartilage growth phenomenon pathologies. A second objective is to provide elements of understanding that could be useful for the development of innovative tissue engineering technics.The first experimental part of this work consists in the identification of quasi-static mechanical properties of the annulus fibrosus of the intervertebral disk, through an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive law, as well as a residual strains field present within the annulus fibrosus, through a digital image correlation tool. This double identification makes it possible both to estimate the stress field in vivo of the annulus fibrosus, but also to obtain a historical trace of the growth process which will serve us as a reference in the rest of the study.We note the spatial homogenization of the deformations during physiological loadings when residual strains field is take into account in a numerical model of annulus fibrosus. These results underline the importance of the consideration of residual strains in the estimation of the deformations and stresses undergone by the annulus fibrosus.In addition, a growth scenario of the annulus fibrosus associated with two mechanical growth criterias has also been implemented using the finite element method. The results of this numerical study did not make it possible to reproduce the residual strains field estimated experimentally. Only the growth model using an anisotropic mechanical criterion taking into account the fibers direction present in the annulus fibrosus and in the case of a deliberately omitted load in the vertical direction on the annulus fibrosus has made it possible to qualitatively reproduce the tangential residual strains measured experimentally.In order to complete the understanding of cartilage growth, a biomechanical study of a synthetic in vitro cartilage model revealed the impact of the TGF-beta3 growth factor on the extracellular matrix cartilage stiffness. A strong correlation between the cartilage cell gene expressions and the mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix was found. This strong correlation between cellular activity and the rigidity of the extracellular matrix, coupled with the difficulty of the current growth models based solely on mechanical criteria, opens up interesting prospects for studies on the understanding of the phenomenon of growth under mechanical stimulus. In-depth study of this sample will eventually enrich the growth models to take into account the different physical phenomena present in biological tissues
Henry, Nina. "Médecine régénératrice du disque intervertébral : développement de biomatériaux pour la libération prolongée de facteurs de croissance". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1008/document.
Texto completoLow back pain caused by the intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major health concern affecting a large proportion of our aging populations. While current treatments of this disease are mainly symptomatic, recent discoveries have allowed a better understanding of the degenerative processes and new therapeutic strategies have been envisioned. Among these strategies, there is a growing interest for approaches aiming a tackling early stages of this disease, involving the intradiscal injection of growth factors such as GDF-5 or TGF-β1, able to target IVD degenerative processes. However, despite encouraging results regarding the safety and clinical tolerance of these growth factors, their clinical efficacy has to be further improved. To this end, the use of biomaterials allowing the sustained release and the protection of growth factors is of particular interest. The objective of this thesis is thus to develop systems able to deliver these two growth factors in a long period of time. Therefore, two biomaterials were studied: silica nanofibers and pullulan microbeads. For both materials, their syntheses and characterizations were studied, as well as their potential use for growth factors adsorption and release. Promising results were obtained demonstrating a sustained release for up to 28 days in vitro, while maintaining the released growth factors biological activity. Altogether, these data suggest that these newly designed systems may be promising candidates for the development of innovative strategies for the IVD regenerative medicine
Baldit, Adrien. "Etude des interactions hydro-chimio-mécaniques dans les tissus biologiques : application à la nutrition du disque intervertébral". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00905387.
Texto completoAccadbled, Franck. "Contribution à l'analyse du transport convectif dans le segment vertébral : étude de la perméabilité macroscopique du plateau vertébral". Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/28/.
Texto completoThe mechano-biological behaviour of the healthy or pathological vertebral segment is a complex problem. The clinical concern of our work related to the idiopathic scoliosis in adolescent. The central assumption was that the modification of nutrition and homeostasis of the intervertebral disc could be associated to a disorder of the convective transport through the vertebral end plate. We designed a progressive research based on experimental animal models keeping in mind the clinical relevance of our approach. The preliminary bibliographical study highlighted the significant role of mass transport (fluids, proteins, nutrients) in the physiological and pathological growth of the spine. This allowed four key points of our strategy to be defined: geometrical variability of the permeability, influence of the fluid-flow direction, role of the growth and influence of a mechanical disturbance associated to an imposed curve. In the second part of the study, an original method of measurement of the macroscopic permeability has been developed then evaluated in a porcine animal model. This study showed that the macroscopic permeability of the vertebral plate was not uniform, the central zone being more permeable than the periphery. Associated microscopic study demonstrated a correlation between the permeability increase and the reduction of cartilage thickness. Third, the variation of the vertebral plate permeability during growth was measured in the ovine animal model. We highlighted a decrease of the macroscopic permeability with tissue maturation. Flow-out, (exudation of fluid from the disc), showed greater permeability than flow-in (disc rehydration). It appeared that the sequence of constitutive tissue and their intrinsic properties (porosity, evolutive tortuosity) could modify the macroscopic permeability of the vertebral plate. .
Benallaoua, Mourad. "Signalisation du stress mécanique dans les cellules de disque intervertébral : l'hème-oxygénase-1, un facteur de rétro-contrôle anti-inflammatoire". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066339.
Texto completoKandil, Karim. "Modélisation multi-physique et multi-échelle des tissus mous stratifiés : application à la réponse multi-axiale du disque intervertébral humain". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I040.
Texto completoThe intervertebral disc is probably the most extraordinary tissue that the nature produces, mainly for its unusual time-dependent properties strongly influenced by the biochemical environment and the applied mechanical loading. Establishing accurate structure-property relationships for intervertebral disc annulus fibrosus tissue is a fundamental task for a reliable computer simulation of the human spine. The difficulty emanates from the multi-axiality and the anisotropy of the tissue response along with regional dependency of a complex hierarchic structure interacting with the biochemical environment. In addition, the annulus fibrosus exhibits an unusual time-dependent transversal behavior for which a complete constitutive representation is not yet developed. A physically-based chemo-viscoelastic constitutive model that takes into account an accurate disc annulus structure in relation with the biochemical environment is proposed. Numerical models of annulus specimens and lumbar functional spinal units (one disc and the adjacent vertebrae) are designed while taking into consideration the interlamellar matrix connecting the fibers-reinforced lamellae. At the specimen scale, the model capabilities are verified by experimental comparisons under various conditions in terms of osmolarity, strain-rate and multi-axiality while considering the regional dependency. Our results highlight the determinant role of the interlamellar matrix in the disc multi-axial response. The different scenarios applied to lumbar units show encouraging multi-axial predictive capabilities of our approach making it a promising tool for human spine behavior long-term prediction including age-dependency
Flouzat, Lachaniette Charles-Henri. "Régénération tissulaire en pathologie rachidienne et orthopédique". Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0032.
Texto completoDegenerative disc disease (DDD) is characterized by premature aging of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and gradual dehydration of the nucleus pulposus (NP), ultimately causing back pain. The general objective of this work is to establish preclinical data to regenerate the IVD in moderate DDD. In the first chapter, we have identified a growth factor association and a culture method to achieve nucleopulpogenic prédifférentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) derived from human bone marrow. Our results show that the three-dimensional culture of MSCs in alginate beads in the presence of TGF-β3, GDF-5 and BMP-7 directs them to a cartilaginous phenotype. In the second chapter, we developed a porcine model of DDD, induced by cryoinjury, and compared it to reference techniques. Assessing the importance of DDD was performed by CT, MRI and histologically. A histological score of porcine DDD has been described and validated. Cryoinjury yielded a higher DDD that other techniques. In a third chapter, we injected preoriented MSCs in cryo-injured IVDs. MRI analysis showed an improvement in the signal intensity and the surface of the NP after the injection. The immunohistological analysis showed a survival of the MSCs in the porcine IVD 2 months after injection. In a fourth chapter, we compared the rate of fusion and complication for rhBMP-2 and autologous cancellous graft in the anterior lumbar interbody fusion, in the same cohort of patients. RhBMP-2 was associated with a lower fusion rate and a higher rate of radiological complications than the cancellous autograft
Grignon, Bruno. "La plaque cartilagineuse vertébrale : sa place dans la pathologie discale". Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN11318.
Texto completoThe cartilaginous end-plate (CEP) is the anatomic limit between the vertebra and the intervertebral disc (IVD). Since the latter is avascular in adults, the CEP is supposed to play a key role in the metabolism of the IVD. Consequently, it has been postulated that the decrease in permeability of the CEP is the main cause of disc degeneration. However, the permeability depends at least partially on the morphological state of the CEP, and few studies have been carried out on this subject. In addition, little is known about the age-related changes of the CEP compared to those of the IVD. After a review of the literature dealing with the CEP and the pathogenesis of disc degeneration, the results of research works on the CEP are presented. The objectives of the main study were to examine the CEP of fifty intervertebral disks of human lumbar spines, to classify the age-related changes in both CEP and IVD, and to compare them. No significant difference was found with regard to these features in the different age groups and no significant correlation was found between the morphological grade of the CEP and that of the IVD, suggesting that the importance of the CEP in disc degeneration is open to debate. The development, the vascular supply and the ultrastucture of the IVD were also studied. Finally, the value of comparing the human joint of vertebral bodies to a diarthrodial joint is discussed in the light of these different points of view
Magnier, Carole. "Contribution à la compréhension de la dégénérescence discale : interaction entre le comportement osmoticomécanique du disque intervertébral et le transport et le métabolisme de ses nutriments". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2009AIX22036.pdf.
Texto completoIntervertebral disc degeneration is generally taken to result from chronic insufficiency of the cell nutrition. The renewal of the extracellular matrix shows a deficit, which therefore leads to the loss of proteoglycans, hydrophilic macromolecules which play a fundamental role in the disc biomechanical behavior. The metabolic pathway is the glycolysis, mainly the anaerobic one. Consequently, glucose and small quantities of oxygen are consumed, while the main waste product is lactate. A multiphasic model is used to describe the coupling between the intervertebral disc osmomechanical behavior and the nutrient transport and metabolism. The disc is represented in 2-D using a plane strain formulation in the sagittal plane and in the frontal plane. It is first of all brought into the unloaded state, an equilibrium state where it is fixed to both adjacent vertebrae and free to swell in a physiological saline solution. Its osmomechanical behavior and the nutrient spatial repartition are yet studied. Then, some properties of the disc are modified in order to examine the biomechanical and metabolic consequences of these alterations. Numerical results show that the nutrient distribution is more affected by the variation of porosity, nutrient diffusivity or cell density than by the variation of disc stiffness or proteoglycan concentration. After, the intervertebral disc is submitted to a diurnal loading / nocturnal unloading cycle and the first study is continued with the analysis of the influence of this nycthemeral cycle. Dependence relations are highlighted between nutrient concentration, cell metabolism rate and disc loading. Finally, the 2-D model is compared to the 3-D equivalent one in the unloaded state in order to evaluate the pertinence of the plane strain hypothesis. Thus, this thesis has allowed bringing some answer elements about the link between intervertebral disc properties and loading and nutrient transport and metabolism
Laffosse, Jean-Michel. "Contribution à l'étude du transport convectif dans le segment vertébral scoliotique : mécanobiologie, micro-architecture et perméabilité des plateaux vertébraux". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/328/.
Texto completoThe vertebral end-plate (VEP) is a zone of exchanges between vascular network and disc (IVD) through convective transport that maintain IVD homeostasia. Physiological maturation and pathological remodelling of VEP might be initiated by mechanical stimuli and transport phenomena. This work contributed to the analysis of disc degeneration in pathology of spine and in particular in scoliosis. First, an epiphysiodesis in porcine animal model allowed quantifying the role of asymetric compressive stresses on convective properties of VEP. The macroscopic permeability decreased in zones of maximum strain. These modifications were associated with local modifications of subchondral micro-architecture. Then, we confirmed interactions between spine deformation, convective parameters and end-plate micro-architecture in a porcine animal model of global scoliosis. The mechanobiological modifications, alteration of permeability and remodelling of subchondral network, were mainly detected in the summit zones and in the concavity of the curvature
Oliveira, Stéphanie de. "Hydrogels denses collagène/acide hyaluronique par biofabrication pour le développement d’un nouveau modèle in vitro d’Annulus Fibrosus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS307.
Texto completoThe intervertebral disc degeneration is an irreversible pathology leading to low back pain. The intervertebral disc is composed of three tissues: the Nucleus Pulposus located in the center, surrounded by the Annulus Fibrosus (AF) and two cartilaginous plates located above and below. Disc degeneration is characterized by a hydration loss of the Nucleus Pulposus (NP), which becomes fibrous and no longer acts as a shock absorber. The forces exerted by the NP on the AF break it, causing the leakage of the NP leading to disc herniation. Several drug and surgical treatments have been developed but none stops or slows down the disc degeneration. This is due to a lack of knowledge of this disease. Most animal models are quadrupedal and do not reproduce the characteristics of the human pathology. This is why it is essential to develop novel in vitro models using human cells. Furthermore, biomaterials based on natural polymers are the most suitable for the development of three-dimensional in vitro models because these biopolymers are the natural support of cells. In order to mimic a complete intervertebral disc, it is essential to reproduce the three parts of this tissue. This thesis project aimed to develop a novel model of Annulus Fibrosus. For this purpose, two biopolymers present in the native tissue were selected: hyaluronic acid which gives hydration to the disc and collagen which is the natural support of cells. The first objective of this thesis was devoted to the formulation of a printable ink to reproduce the AF extracellular matrix. To do this, a physicochemical study was carried out on collagen/hyaluronic acid (HA) interactions. After mixing, these two biopolymers form polyionic complexes (PICs) and precipitate due to their opposite charges. So, a homogeneous ink cannot be obtained. Inhibition of PICs formation is effective at very acidic pH (pH 1) in with salt addition. Nevertheless, these conditions are incompatible with cell survival. By modulating the pH and ionic strength, we discovered a new method to formulate a homogeneous collagen/HA ink. Using a collagen solution close to its isoelectric point (pH 5.5) in presence of NaCl, we triggered the formation of collagen fibrils in solution. Interactions with HA are inhibited in these conditions and PICs are not formed anymore. Then, a fibrillary collagen hydrogel can be formed by raising the pH to 7 and HA can be crosslinked to obtain hydrogels with optimized physical properties. The second objective was to design the in vitro model of Annulus Fibrosus. Since AF is an anisotropic tissue, we 3D printed dense collagen solutions to induce alignment. Indeed, the shearing of dense solutions during printing aligns collagen. Two strategies were tested in this study. (i) The ink previously formulated was used at high concentration (30 mg.mL-1 for collagen, 7.5 mg.mL-1 for HA) with a 4:1 collagen/hyaluronic acid ratio to resemble the native AF. This ink was printed in a gelation bath (2X PBS, 10-3M NaOH) and photocrosslinked under green light (eosin Y used as photo initiator). (ii) A second ink was used, only composed of concentrated collagen and printed in the same gelling bath. Then, an impregnation process with HA was carried out followed by the photocrosslinking with green light. The two methods allowed the production of anisotropic lamellae with structural features resembling those of AF as well as interesting rheological properties (G' = 6kPa). These lamellae were cellularized with fibroblasts confined between two printed layers. Cell viability and morphology were similar to that observed within the native tissue. If the physiological mechanical properties were not reached, biocompatibility, bioactivity, structure and anisotropy of these biomaterials were close to the native tissue, this allows to validate them as a novel 3D model of Annulus Fibrosus
Noury, Fanny. "Etude in vivo de la dégénérescence discale par IRM à 9,4 T : application à la validation de méthodes de réparation discale chez le lapin". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347842.
Texto completoIl est maintenant largement admis que la dégénérescence du disque intervertébral (DIV) est la principale cause de lombalgie. Cette dégénérescence est un processus complexe caractérisé par des changements biochimiques et structuraux intervenant dans les différents tissus du DIV. Aujourd'hui, seuls des traitements médicaux symptomatiques de la lombalgie sont disponibles et il n'existe pas de traitement spécifique de la dégénérescence discale.
L'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) est une technique reconnue comme un outil non invasif et totalement atraumatique de diagnostic chez l'homme. L'IRM permet de caractériser la morphologie et la physiologie d'un être vivant à partir des modifications de l'état de l'eau dans ses tissus. De part la composition du DIV (principalement de l'eau) l'IRM s'avère être particulièrement adaptée à l'étude du DIV sain ou dégénératif, ainsi qu'à sa régénération dans le cadre de l'évaluation de l'efficacité d'un traitement.
Les objectifs de ce projet ont d'abord été de développer un protocole d'IRM in vivo du DIV chez le lapin, capable de différencier des DIV sains et pathologiques et de mettre en évidence différents stades de dégénérescence discale. Ce protocole a ensuite permis d'évaluer l'efficacité de nouvelles techniques de réparation discale développées par la société Abbott Spine SA.
En parallèle de ce travail chez le lapin, l'IRM in vivo du DIV de souris a été développée, dans le but d'utiliser des modèles transgéniques de pathologies articulaires et d'étudier leur impact sur le DIV.
Brun-Cottan, Baptiste. "Étude biomécanique de la scoliose idiopathique de l'adolescent par l'équilibre énergétique du rachis et la poromécanique des tissus". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INPT0104.
Texto completoThe research developed during this Ph.D thesis falls within the societal challenge on health and is based on an innovative interdisciplinary methodology in the field of mechanobiology. The studied pathology is the adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, which is the most common spine structural deformity, affecting 2 to 3% of children from 10 years old. About 10% will progress during growth and require specific treatment, which may include invasive surgery. Improvements in diagnosis techniques and patients follow-up are key objectives for which the quantification of phenomena involved in the pathology evolution supported by predictive models can bring new insight in scoliosis care. Because scoliotic spine is a multiscale problem in space and time, mechanical modeling is challenging. Many studies have focused on understanding biomechanical phenomena at the vertebral segment scale or epidemiology at the spine scale. These researches constitute the majority of the work available to date, however, to our knowledge, there is no work combining the two spatial scales, which is challenging to model numerically. The scoliosis temporal evolution is mainly studied from clinical perpectives and rarely using mechanical approaches. The methodology proposed within the framework of this thesis aimed at taking into account some of the scoliosis multiscale characteristics and attempted to circumvent these obstacles. The main assumption was that the quasi-static equilibrium position of the scoliotic spine was derived from the minimization of a total potential energy including the deformation energies of the deformable structures as well as internal and external forces. This energy model was parameterized by operators such as effective tensors. The determination of the equilibrium solution was carried out by numerical minimization. The evaluation of effective tensors was carried out by the implementation of inverse numerical techniques including penalization methods. This approach is original in the context of a clinical problem. The resolution has been performed using a global three-dimensional wireframe mechanical model of the spine. At the vertebral segment subscale, a poroelastic model has been proposed. This part of the work discussed the multiple timescale involved in scoliosis and put forward links between spatial scales through internal stress tensors. This heuristic approach was built on a constant exchange with experts in the field (pediatric orthopedics department of the Toulouse University Hospital) and validated with clinical data (biplanar radiographs). The resolution of an inverse problem on a slightly deformed spine showed that the results obtained were similar to those extracted from the literature, hence validating the relevance of this model. The resolutions carried out from a cohort of patients (stable or unstable scoliosis) highlighted evolutionary indices associated with the mechanical adaptation of the vertebral segments. Thus, the low computational cost of the optimized digital models enable us to consider, in the near future, the use of this innovative methodology in a clinical context to help in the early diagnosis of unstable scoliosis, in the choice of an appropriate rehabilitation and in the surgical planning. In perspective, based on the current model, the exploration of the alteration of transport properties in segments under pathological mechanical loading will allow us to study disc degeneration and therefore to explore scoliosis causes. To reach this objective, the current two scales approach will be enriched with reactive transport models supported by clinical observations