Tesis sobre el tema "Réfugiés turcs – Pays de l'Union européenne"
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Latif, Hossein. "Les médias turcs et la politique européenne de la Turquie depuis 1971". Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030062.
The Turkish mass-medias have a great influence and play a dominant role in shaping the public opinion and giving trends regarding evolutions of relationships between the EU and Turkey. Let us recall that the Helsinki summit in December 1999 approved its candidature to become full member of the EU. This candidature was refused on December 17, 1989 by the EC for economic and demographic reasons, but masking others, of a cultural and religious nature : the freezing of relations was unavoidable. The years 1990 will mark the brutal collapse of the USSR, reducing the place of Turkey in the favor of east european countries. In spite of the Association council EC-Turkey confirming criteria equality for all the applicant countries, the Luxemburg summit of December 1997 plead an economic delay and democratic deficiencies to move it apart from the European field. Having a chaotic but competitive economy, a dynamic society and a domestic market supported by a strong purchasing power from part of the population, Turkey has good chances. The permanence of a high inflation rate since the 90's and an uneven distribution of incomes remain nevertheless its weak points. Having the essential characteristics of a modern and laic State, the country is slow in implementing the institutional reforms needed to harmonize democracy and State of right as in European countries. The political and social life, since Mustafa Kemal Atatürk reforms, has been modelled on a Europeanization basis. The EU would be well advised to reinforce this large neighbor and NATO allied so that it can be viewed as model by other countries of the region. Its implication in Balkans along with Greek-Turkish relationships evolution are signs going in this direction. From the point of view of the European security, Turkey can assert its key position within the NATO. Suffering from a negative image, it must use new technology for get rid of generally accepted ideas. Its strengthening in various interior fields remains ignored by international opinion public. Having however the support of the United States and the invitation of Europe, an eventual final refusal is actually not on the air. Progress made to integrate the EU is a boosting factor, having to be used for the country and its population
Kountouris, Nikolas. "La construction de la politique communautaire en matière d'asile : enjeux, luttes et dynamiques institutionnelles". Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32082.
In chronological terms the European asylum policy is extremely recent. Nevertheless, asylum is in the centre of different European multi-actors negotiations for more than 25 years. This policy touches the heard of the national State traditional functions. Equally, the European asylum policy constitutes an example of the process of construction of a more political Europe. Can we identify in this cas a new European public policy overtaking the traditional logics of a construction of national public problems? That could be one of the questions tackled in this study. The purpose of this research is to understand on one hand why asylum, a subject very closely linked with national sovereignty, figures in the agenda of the European public policies. How this policy was negotiated and created by diffrent actors and which were their logics of action. Futhermore, our analysis of the creation process of the European asylum policy has as a purpose to contribute to the understanding of the logics of public actions in a new European policy sector called "Justice and Home Affairs"
Ayse, Elif. "Représentations croisées des immigrés turcs et des populations des pays d'accueil en Allemagne et en France : réflexions sur la cohabitation culturelle entre la Turquie et l'Europe". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ016L.
This thesis is a study of the cross-cultural representation of turkish immigrants residing in Germany and France on the one hand, and the populations of the host societies on the other hand. It is a depiction that measures how these groups contribute, directly or indirectly, to the development of their cultural relationships and underpins the understanding of intercultural relations in these countries. this thesis also aims to identify yet question the rationale behind conflicting cultural views that have led to the refusal of turkey’s proposed eu membership. at the same time, the study identifies what is perceived accepted and politically correct culture in host countries as publicised in the media and the implications for turkish migrants. This study is important not only because it addresses the difficulties faced by turkish migrants in europe in their quest to culturally adapt to their host country’s community requirements, but also because it questions the motives behind cultural conflicts. the main reasoning of this study is to reveal reciprocal perceptions, media assumptions and cultural stereotyping, and to bring a sociological approach to the issue using such concepts as multiculturalism, identity, and intercultural relations as they impact communications between groups with different cultural backgrounds but living in cohabitation within the same territory
Martin, Necker Aurélie. "Le rôle et l'influence du Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés (HCR) dans le processus de communautarisation des politiques d'asile en Europe". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0047.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees was created after the Second World War to assist European Refugees that were displaced by or following to the conflict. Since its origins, interactions between UNHCR and the European States grew and increased quickly. From the 1980s however, due to the “asylum crisis” in the European States which was caused by an important growth in the number of asylum applications and by the adoption of stricter egislations on asylum in most of the European States, the role and autonomy of UNHCR was weakened. Following to the treaty of Amsterdam in 1997 and the Tampere summit in 1999, the European Union decided to harmonize asylum policies among member States. This process has a internal dimension which is aimed at harmonizing both national laws and practices. It also has an external dimension which is composed of different projects and policies, going from the resettlement of refugees to Europe, to the “externalisation” of the asylum policy or the implementation of the regional protection programmes aimed at reinforcing the capacities of protection of refugees in the third countries. The purpose of this research is to assess the role and the influence of UNHCR in this process of communautarisation of asylum policies in Europe. I argue that UNHCR gained in autonomy and in legitimacy with the transfer at the regional level of asylum policies: in autonomy because it built some coalitions with the supranational actors; in legitimacy because its role, both in the decision process and in the implementation of the policy, was reasserted
Serdaroglu, Ozan. "La politisation des entrepreneurs turcs et leur participation au processus d'intégration de la Turquie dans l'Union européenne : le cas de TÜSIAD". Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32086.
Since the end of the 1990S, Turkish political life has been markedly influenced by the growing importance of TOSiAD, an entrepreneurs' association which calls for a transformation of the political regime/political system. The association advocates a new, more democratic political system, referring to the reforms expected by the European institutions in the course of / as part of the EU integration process of Turkey. This situation is at odds with the initial goals of the association. TUSIAD was founded by leading entrepreneurs with the aim of promoting "free entrepreneurship" in Turkey, in a situation where businessmen felt "threatened" by the risk of an anti-liberal economy and/or an economy that could be overly controlled by political leaders. This thesis analyses how this association, which originally aimed at defending entrepreneurs' interests, ended up upholding political and legal reforms aiming at the europeanization of the Turkish political system - and consequently, of Turkey. We also explore the factors of legitimacy this approach was based on
Boutruche, Samuel. "La protection temporaire des personnes déplacées en droit de l'Union européenne : un nouveau modèle en cas d'afflux massifs ?" Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32005.
The 2001/55 Directive is the first harmonisation instrument adopted by the EU Council in the field of asylum under the Amsterdam Treaty. It establishes minimum standards for giving temporary protection as well as a solidarity mecanism between Member States in the event of a mass influx of displaced persons. While it has never been applied yet, it constitutes, to a certain extent, a model to respond to mass influx situations. The precedents of « temporary refuge » allow to assess the exemplarity of the Directive. The analysis of this practice of temporary admission in cases of mass influx demonstrates the added value and the gaps of the temporary protection in EU law as well as its origins, which date back beyond the crisis in ex-Yugoslavia. The system set up by the Directive is unprecendeted in terms of its nature, scope and implementation procedure. Unlike refugee or subsidiary protection statuses, temporary protection is defined as « a procedure of exceptional character », which is applied through a qualified majority decision of the Council and extends to persons fleeing endemic violence. Therefore, this Directive pursues protection and management purposes and, beyond harmonisation, creates an autonomous legal regime. However, the temporary protection of the EU is closely linked to the other relevant standards of international law and of the common European asylum system. While it appears, in many respects, as an exception to the general laws on asylum, temporary protection is generally compatible with these standards and likely to influence the way they are implemented
Ayse, Elif. "Représentations croisées des immigrés turcs et des populations des pays d'accueil en Allemagne et en France : réflexions sur la cohabitation culturelle entre la Turquie et l'Europe". Thesis, Metz, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011METZ016L.
This thesis is a study of the cross-cultural representation of turkish immigrants residing in Germany and France on the one hand, and the populations of the host societies on the other hand. It is a depiction that measures how these groups contribute, directly or indirectly, to the development of their cultural relationships and underpins the understanding of intercultural relations in these countries. this thesis also aims to identify yet question the rationale behind conflicting cultural views that have led to the refusal of turkey’s proposed eu membership. at the same time, the study identifies what is perceived accepted and politically correct culture in host countries as publicised in the media and the implications for turkish migrants. This study is important not only because it addresses the difficulties faced by turkish migrants in europe in their quest to culturally adapt to their host country’s community requirements, but also because it questions the motives behind cultural conflicts. the main reasoning of this study is to reveal reciprocal perceptions, media assumptions and cultural stereotyping, and to bring a sociological approach to the issue using such concepts as multiculturalism, identity, and intercultural relations as they impact communications between groups with different cultural backgrounds but living in cohabitation within the same territory
Sgro, Aurélie. "Les déplacés de l'environnement à l'épreuve de la catégorisation en droit de l'Union européenne". Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE0056/document.
The Lisbon Treaty has put in place a new legal framework which allows environmental displacement, an issue of growing concern for the EU, to be better addressed. However, even though several external policies already support them, to date there is no specific EU framework for the protection of this new kind of migrant. The categorisation of such persons is necessary for determining the legal consequences. The present research demonstrates that, from a legal point of view, environmentally-displaced persons do not meet the requirements to constitute a new category of “persons in need of protection” within EU asylum policy, on the basis of the criterion of environmental prejudice. The lack of conceptual autonomy and the heterogeneity of environmentally-displaced persons create identification and qualification problems, and thus oppose a unitary approach. Furthermore, a complementary system of protection cannot be created given the presumed continuation of internal protection and the lack of a human right to environment. Additionally, the existence of multiple relevant EU competences attenuates the need for international protection. Therefore, the integration of these persons into existing categories, such as the beneficiaries of temporary or subsidiary protection, and the future category of seasonal migrant workers, is suggested. As a result, the category definition of third country nationals in EU law is brought to the fore.Finally, this research includes an examination of the relevance of consular protection for EU citizens affected by natural catastrophes outside EU territory
Mazur, Virginie. "Psychopathologie des demandeurs d'asile en Europe : facteurs de vulnérabilité et de protection psychiques". Dijon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DIJOL004.
This research focuses on the psychopathology of asylum seekers in Slovakia, France and Norway, as well as on vulnerability and protection factors which may influence the development of certain disorders. We were able to shed light on the psychological fragility of 120 asylum seekers, by identifying the prevalence and high intensity of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety, as well as major comorbidity. Basing our work on the notions of vulnerability and resilience, we identified psychological vulnerability resulting from the interaction of various factors that illustrate the dynamic within the subject-environment relation. We were able to observe the role of such factors as the female sex; a history of traumatic experiences, especially interpersonal traumas that are particularly destructive to their victims, their links with others and their belief system; and the impact of negative events, especially those concerning loss, separation due to exile and the uncertainty of asylum. Such experiences challenge the individual's ability to face events, and we were able to notice, in subjects with psychological distress, a certain vulnerability linked to the weak adaptability of defensive functioning and to a kind of insecure interpersonal attachment style. However, the origin of such inner psychological and interpersonal developments has not been established as of yet. Our observations underline the necessity to assist asylum seekers, in order to establish, within the framework of psychotherapeutic work, a space to encourage the mental elaboration of traumas and the development of protection factors fostering adaptive abilities
Clochard, Olivier. "Le jeu des frontières dans l'accès au statut de réfugié - Une géographie des politiques européennes d'asile et d'immigration". Phd thesis, Université de Poitiers, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550193.
Monheim, Jenny. "Analyse économique du droit d'asile". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN20007/document.
Nous étudions le processus de création de droit d'asile et son impact sur les réfugiés. Le chapitre préliminaire présente l'histoire des flux de réfugiés et du droit d'asile, la recherche sur les raisons de migration ainsi que les enjeux du sujet. Le deuxième chapitre a pour objet l'influence du droit d'asile sur les flux d'immigration de réfugiés. Nous analysons l'impact des restrictions des différents types de mesure du droit d'asile sur les décisions des réfugiés en terme d'émigration et de demande d'asile. A travers les passeurs, un impact indirect influence la taille des flux et le nombre de demandes. Le troisième chapitre décrit le choix du niveau de droit d'asile des différents niveaux de gouvernement en fonction de l'impact du droit sur les flux de réfugiés. Le quatrième chapitre porte sur la question de savoir le meilleur choix institutionnel de production du droit d'asile en Union Européenne. Tenant compte des objectifs en terme d'immigration clandestine, il compare les niveaux de droit d'asile qui seraient adoptés par les gouvernements nationaux, par le Conseil de l'Union Européenne, par le Parlement Européen, et en co-décision entre ces deux dernières institutions. Le cinquième chapitre a pour objet la structure des subventions accordées aux Etats membres par le Fonds Européen pour les Réfugiés (FER). En effet, le FER accorde une partie limitée en subventions fixes et une partie plus importante en financement complémentaire à des projets. Nous étudions l'impact des différentes subventions et de leur combinaison sur les dépenses en aide aux réfugiés en présence de coûts de transaction
Cahn, Olivier. "La coopération policière franco-britannique dans la zone frontalière transmanche". Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT3020.
Initiated mid 1960’s, the Franco-British police co-operation within the cross-Channel border area has long existed out of any legal framework. The decision to build the Channel tunnel has brought both States’ governments to vest this field and to work out a complex and excessive legislation which now governs the issue. According to the latter, the main object set to co-operation consists in fighting immigration towards the United Kingdom and its details of implementation share mainly in the ordered juxtaposition of French and British procedural systems. However, besides the lawfulness of some conventional clauses is questionable from national constitutional norms and the European law viewpoint, many cross-borders criminality expressions have been disregarded. Therefore, police forces which work in the border area have implemented some adaptation strategies through which they continue with co-operating in an informal way to fight the whole cross-Channel criminality. Determined by British concerns only, incomplete in its ambitions as in its achievements and affected of an arguable lawfulness, this co-operation is only satisfactory regarding the quality of the relations maintained by French and British police forces. This statement calls for a major reform which, if undertaken, should not ignore the border zone is inscribed within the area of freedom, security and justice
Zarrella, Silvia. "Le principe de solidarité et de partage équitable de responsabilités en matière d'asile entre les États membres de l'Union Européenne". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA014/document.
The massive flow of refugees from Syria caught out the reception capacity of some Euro-Mediterranean countries, and highlighted the lack of solidarity and fair sharing of responsibilities among the States of the European Union. Firstly, this study defines the concept of "burden-sharing" conceived as a concrete measure of solidarity to be accomplished through the distribution of risks and costs among the members of a group in order to achieve a common goal. After analyzing the evolution of this principle in international law, we evaluate its implementation in the legal order of the European Union, particularly in the European Common Asylum System (CEAS) as enshrined in Article 80 TFEU. By assessing the Dublin system and the most current answers to the Syrian emergence, we will argue that the European Union is still far from the full realization of the principle of burden sharing
Viskanic, Max. "Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail 2016-18 : Migrants, Refugees and the rise of Far Right Populism". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0049.
The first chapter analyses the impact of a relatively large and homogeneous shock of Polish immigrants in the UK and what impact said shock had on the Brexit vote in 2016. I finnd that Polish migration to the United Kingdom has increased voting for Brexit, but not enough to sway the vote for Leave. In order to achieve exogenous variation in the allocation of Polish immigrants I rely on the formation of migrant networks close to War Resettlement Camps created for Polish soldiers after WWII, which I collect from the National archives. In the second chapter I use the dismantlement of the illegal Migrants camp close to Calais and the subsequent redistribution of migrants to study the impact to the exposure to few migrants over a short amount of time. I find that the exposure to few migrants decreases the voting for the Front National, but that this effect dissipates if large migrant groups are resettled. In this case contact as well as relative group size play an important role in explaining native's reactions to migrants. In the last chapter I analyse the impact of the refugee crisis on the demand and supply of politics in Italy. I show that the opening of small reception centres for migrants in Italy have decreased voting for the extreme right, decreased hate crimes against immigrants as well as increased votes for left wing parties. The effects are mostly driven by municipalities, which are less connected to the internet. This shows the differential amplification effect digital media can have vis-a-vis traditional media. Furthermore, I find that mayors from extreme right wing parties close and are less likely to open reception centres than other politicians, rationally reacting to their decreased political support
Ní, Chiosáin Bairbre. "Immigration en Irlande 1992-2008 : vers une politique d'intégration ?" Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030203/document.
This thesis studies government policy regarding immigration and integration in Ireland between 1992 and 2008. It assesses the different measures put in place by the authorities to deal with the increasing numbers of immigrants, both economic migrants and asylum seekers/refugees, arriving in the country at a time of considerable economic growth. It examines how public services like education, health and policing have adapted to the increasing diversity of the country’s population, and analyses the effectiveness of the structures which have been created by the government to promote equality and counter racism and discrimination. It is argued that the government has considered immigration largely in economic terms and has failed to put in place a coherent policy of integration and social inclusion
Zarghamifar, Mina. "A comparative study on the "Safe Country of Origin" principle between the European Union and Canadian asylum legislations". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18633.
Two decades following the adoption of the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the growing number of asylum seekers arriving at the Western countries’ borders convinced European States to put in place new asylum rules to prevent asylum seekers from reaching their borders and dissuade the potential refugee applicants from seeking international protection in their respective territories. One of the most recent preventive measures has been the “Safe Countries of Origin” rule (hereafter SCO) whose main purpose is to identify and reject refugee applicants who are not in real need of international protection since they originate from countries which are deemed generally safe. In this research, we conduct a comparative study between the European Union’s Directives adopted in 2005 and recasted in 2013, and the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act enacted by the Canada. At the first step, we intend to verify the adverse impact of this deterrent rule, during the expeditious determination procedure, on the SCO asylum seekers’ fundamental human rights including the right to personal interview and the right to appeal. At the second step, our objective is to demonstrate to which extent the fundamental human rights limitations imposed on SCO asylum seekers are in contradiction with the EU’s and Canada’s constitutional obligations undertaken respectively in EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, the European Convention on Human Rights and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Based on this comparative research we illustrate that, while the elaboration and the application of the SCO rule in both the above-mentioned legal systems suffer from inherent flaws which infringe the basic human rights of SCO refugee applicants, Canada’s approach has had more drastic consequences on the SCO refugee applicants than those resulting from the EU’s common asylum law. Finally, we conclude that, instead of a short-term solution such as the SCO rule, the Western States must accept more responsibilities in providing international protection by supporting the countries that border the crisis zones, and establishing a workable program to accept a specific number of asylum seekers every year. Keywords: Safe Countries of Origin - Designated Countries of Origin - Human Rights -Procedural Rights - Right to Personal Interview - Right to Appeal - the European Union - Canada - Refugee Applicants - Asylum Seekers