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KHOROLSKY, Valentyn, Oleksandr OMELCHENKO, Yurii KORENETS, Volodymyr HONCHARENKO y Yulіya PETRUSHYNA. "REFRIGERATION SUPPLY OF REFRIGERATION CHAMBERS OF SMART INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATORS WITH NEURON-FUZZY CONTROL SYSTEMS OF FOOD FREEZING PROCESSES". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 303, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2021): 264–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-303-6-264-271.
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A set of theoretical, methodological and practical problems associated with the creation of an intelligent complex for adaptive control of microclimate parameters, the processes of freezing food products in the refrigerating chambers of an industrial refrigerator has been studied. Accordingly, for this task, the structure of the neural network controller of the refrigeration capacity of refrigeration machines of the process control system of an industrial refrigerator was developed, in which information enters the database, a neural network with a learning module and turns into decision-making modules into management actions on the executive intelligent mechanisms of compressors, condensers, evaporators, minimizing CO2 emissions. A model of refrigeration supply for refrigerating chambers of an industrial refrigerator has been developed, in which the parameters of loading geometry and freezing speed, refrigerant pressure in the evaporator in real time determine the parameters of refrigeration supply for refrigerating chambers. The microclimate of the refrigerating chamber is estimated using a multi-parameter model of a neuron-odd decision tree with two integrated output nodes for classifying the state of refrigeration supply of refrigerating chambers. For the decision maker, an intelligent decision support system has been developed for the main block of the upper level of the process control system for an industrial refrigerator, which differs from analogues in the accuracy of predicting the quality of the frozen product by training the neural network using the backpropagation method. Simulation studies of the neural network control system for the refrigeration supply of refrigerating chambers and the process of freezing products with interchangeable structures proved that the system provides the specified control quality parameters, minimizes CO2 emissions and prevents the loss of taste properties of the frozen product.
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Zhang, Hua, Xu Ji, Ming Li, Qiang Wang y Xiang Bo Song. "A Comparative Study on Solar Refrigeration Technology". Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (marzo de 2014): 887–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.887.
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This paper performed a comparative study on solar photovoltaic refrigeration technology and solar adsorption refrigeration technology. The experimental results showed that in sunny day, COP of the solar fin pipe adsorption refrigerator was 0.13, and was higher than 0.12, COP of the photovoltaic refrigerator. With the solar radiation enhancement within a certain range, the COP of solar adsorption refrigerator increased faster than COP of solar photovoltaic refrigerator. From the aspects of economy, with the same refrigerating capacity, the cost of the adsorption refrigerators was 30% higher than that of the photovoltaic refrigerators.
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Ruzikulov, Gulom, Umidjon Ibragimov, Shakhriyor Ergashev, Sokhiba Shamurotova y Malika Nurova. "Mathematical modeling of the refrigerating chamber of a combined solar dryer-refrigerator with a heat pump". E3S Web of Conferences 524 (2024): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452402007.
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Mathematical modeling appears to be a valuable tool for controlling the cooling and storage process of agricultural products. Therefore, mathematical modeling of the balance of heat and mass in refrigeration chambers is relevant. Mathematical modeling of the thermal regime of the thermal regime of a refrigeration chamber with a heat pump and determining temperature changes depending on time. Mathematical modeling is carried out based on the thermal balance of the refrigerating chamber by the method of conservation of mass and energy. It has been established that cooling and long-term storage of agricultural products in refrigeration chambers require a huge amount of electrical energy. At an outside air temperature of 30℃, it takes 30-40 minutes to cool products to the required temperature; for long-term storage, 5.5-6.0 kWh/day of electrical energy is consumed. A combined dryer-refrigerator with a heat pump for storing agricultural products is proposed and a mathematical model of the refrigeration chamber is given, which makes it possible to analyze the temperature regime in the refrigeration chamber.
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KHOROLSKY, Valentyn, Yurii KORENETS, Yulіya PETRUSHYNA y Ivan RASCHEKHMAROV. "IMPROVEMENT OF SYSTEMS FOR MONITORING AND CONTROLLING THE PROCESS OF FREEZING PRODUCTS IN REFRIGERATING CHAMBERS OF INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATORS". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University 305, n.º 1 (23 de febrero de 2022): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-305-1-247-255.
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The article proposes a set of theoretical and practical attributes associated with design decisions regarding the processes of freezing meat products in refrigerators with a large load capacity of industrial refrigerators. A system of intelligent sensors has been developed to control the parameters of the geometry of the carcass of cattle meat and signs of the state of the evaporators of the refrigeration chamber and the refrigeration supply system of an industrial refrigerator. An automatic recognition system has been developed that works in real time and determines: geometric parameters of local and integral sections of the carcass in the form of a plane, radii, length, width, number of contour inflection points, geometric center of image elements; humidity settings. This system constantly analyzes the space of sections of the refrigerating chamber. An intelligent system for neurocontrol of the refrigeration supply of a refrigerating chamber is proposed, in which two video cameras and matrix sensors with piezoelectric elements for assessing the shape of a cattle carcass are mounted; it has been proved that the expert ink image bank allows using reference methods of comparative analysis. Thanks to the interface with information support subsystems, the system provides the operator-technologist with video information and automatically affects the intelligent actuators of compressors, fans, condensers. A system for neuro-fuzzy control of the evaporator freezing process has been developed, which provides for an expert system, a recognition algorithm, an expert image bank of an evaporator with a snow coat and an intelligent mechanism for the impact of ultrasonic vibrations on the surface of a cooling device. A generalized algorithm for the operation of refrigeration control systems for the refrigerating chamber of an industrial refrigerator and a method for its use are presented.
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Kasi, Parthiban y M. Cheralathan. "Review of cascade refrigeration systems for vaccine storage". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2054, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2021): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2054/1/012041.
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Abstract Various models are already developed to achieve the refrigerating effect. Each refrigeration system has its own set of benefits and drawbacks, as well as a unique application. The vapor compression refrigeration system and the sorption refrigeration system are the two most prominent refrigeration technologies that may be utilized for a variety of purposes. In the medical profession, cascade refrigeration will be established in the storage of blood banks, plasma, vaccines, bone banks, biological fluids storage, etc. Storing heat-sensitive vaccines at the right temperature is crucial yet often difficult by the availability of ultralow temperature cold storage. This paper has reviewed that the different types of cascade refrigeration systems for a better refrigerating effect on vaccine storage.
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KHOROLSKY, Valentyn, Yurii KORENETS, Oleksandr OMELCHENKO y Volodymyr HONCHARENKO. "REFRIGERATION MACHINES IN THE SYSTEM OF CONSISTENT MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRIC ENERGY CONSUMPTION OF THE COMPLEX ENTERPRISE-INDUSTRIAL REFRIGERATOR". Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 313, n.º 5 (27 de octubre de 2022): 200–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2022-313-5-200-212.
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The strategy of the coordinated management of electric consumption of the industrial refrigerator of the enterprise of a food complex on production of foodstuff is offered. The structure of the integrated intelligent power management system of the refrigerator enterprise has been developed, in which the systems of automated control of electricity metering and control of the refrigeration trajectory of refrigeration chambers are built-in. The system uses a situation center, industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), digital platform “FOOD” with software (freezing of food products). According to the ASUE-ACS command, the upper level of the industrial refrigerator and its software fulfill the set parameters of the portfolio of orders for active and reactive capacities of the food complex enterprises. An algorithm for controlling an industrial refrigerator during periods of power system power limitations has been developed. It is proved that the reduction of specific energy consumption for the production of one ton of frozen food during the period of power system power limitations and fan outages is possible only by optimizing the technological and energy parameters of refrigeration machines. Technologies for reducing energy consumption by controlling the reactive and active power of synchronous motors of reciprocating compressors and frequency control of asynchronous motors of screw compressors and asynchronous motors of evaporating condensers are presented. Simulation of the geometry of the in-chamber loading of the refrigerating chambers of an industrial refrigerator is performed. New approaches to the choice of adaptive regulators of synchronous motor exciters have been developed, which are coordinated in real time with the energy modes of operation of refrigeration machines and the geometry of refrigeration chamber loading. The possibility of improving the efficiency of power management regimes of food industry enterprises through coordinated automated control of cooling and freezing of meat products, poultry, fish, dairy products, fruits and the use of automated power management systems by building expert and human-machine decision making systems. The developed systems will allow to meet the requirements of energy generating companies for active and reactive loads, reduce costs in the power grid and maintain the voltage in the nodes of electrical receivers within the established norms.
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Liu, Hui, Jin Hua Li y Hong Xiao. "Research on the Application of Alternative Refrigerants R407C and R410A in Refrigeration-Type Compressed-Air Dryers". Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (octubre de 2014): 1739–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1739.
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The coefficient of performance (COP), the volumetric refrigeration capacity and the pressure ratio of refrigeration cycle were studied in a refrigeration-type compressed-air dryer using environmentally friendly refrigerants R410A and R407C and compared with those using R22. Study indicates that under the working condition of a refrigeration-type compressed-air dryer, COP using R410A is 3% higher than that using R407C, the volumetric refrigeration capacity using R410A is 50 percentage points higher than that using R407C and the pressure ratio of R410A is 10% less than that of R407C. COP using R410A equals 96% of that using R22 and the volumetric refrigerating capacity equals 147% of that using R22. COP using R407C is equal to 93% of that using R22 and the volumetric refrigerating capacity is equal to 97% of that using R22. R410A is a more appropriate alternative to R22 than R407C in a refrigeration-type compressed-air dryer.
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Adler, Eytan J., Benjamin J. Brelje y Joaquim R. R. A. Martins. "Thermal Management System Optimization for a Parallel Hybrid Aircraft Considering Mission Fuel Burn". Aerospace 9, n.º 5 (26 de abril de 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9050243.
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Electrified aircraft propulsion enables new aircraft designs with fewer emissions. One challenge of electrified architectures is handling the electrical components’ waste heat. This is because batteries and other electrical components are sensitive to high temperatures and accumulate heat within their structure. In this work, we investigate using a thermoacoustic refrigerator to cool the battery of a parallel hybrid single-aisle commercial transport aircraft. This thermoacoustic refrigeration system is powered by waste heat from the turbofan engine core, whereas a conventional refrigerator consumes electricity from the battery or shaft power offtakes. Compared to a conventional vapor cycle refrigerator, the thermoacoustic refrigeration system results in greater mission fuel burn because of pressure losses attributable to the extraction of heat from the turbofan to drive the thermoacoustic refrigerator. Heat exchangers with very low pressure losses may render the thermoacoustic refrigeration system beneficial compared to conventional refrigeration in certain use cases, such as low-altitude missions.
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Adler, Eytan J., Benjamin J. Brelje y Joaquim R. R. A. Martins. "Thermal Management System Optimization for a Parallel Hybrid Aircraft Considering Mission Fuel Burn". Aerospace 9, n.º 5 (26 de abril de 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9050243.
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Electrified aircraft propulsion enables new aircraft designs with fewer emissions. One challenge of electrified architectures is handling the electrical components’ waste heat. This is because batteries and other electrical components are sensitive to high temperatures and accumulate heat within their structure. In this work, we investigate using a thermoacoustic refrigerator to cool the battery of a parallel hybrid single-aisle commercial transport aircraft. This thermoacoustic refrigeration system is powered by waste heat from the turbofan engine core, whereas a conventional refrigerator consumes electricity from the battery or shaft power offtakes. Compared to a conventional vapor cycle refrigerator, the thermoacoustic refrigeration system results in greater mission fuel burn because of pressure losses attributable to the extraction of heat from the turbofan to drive the thermoacoustic refrigerator. Heat exchangers with very low pressure losses may render the thermoacoustic refrigeration system beneficial compared to conventional refrigeration in certain use cases, such as low-altitude missions.
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Kudrov, Yu V., L. V. Sumzina, A. V. Maksimov y S. L. Filimonov. "Calorimetric stand for research of processes in the refrigeration unit". Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 49, n.º 2 (16 de agosto de 2022): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2022-49-2-18-23.
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Objective. The aim of the work is to develop a calorimetric stand that allows simulating the operation of an energy-efficient two-evaporator refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator or freezer.Method. In the course of the work, a calorimetric setup is described that allows conducting experimental studies to determine the cooling capacity and energy efficiency of a modernized refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator.Result. Currently, new resource-saving circuit solutions for household refrigeration equipment have been developed. The developed solutions make it possible to increase the efficiency of the refrigeration unit, as well as to reduce its energy consumption. Theoretical calculations confirming these indicators have been carried out. To confirm the calculated values, automated experimental studies are required to determine the parameters of the refrigeration unit. The paper proposes a description of an automated calorimetric stand that allows simulating the operation of an energy-efficient dual-evaporator refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator or freezer.Conclusion. The designed calorimetric stand will allow carrying out complex experimental studies to determine the cooling capacity of the modernized refrigeration unit when operating on various refrigerants. The experimental setup also makes it possible to measure the temperature and pressure during the operation of the refrigeration unit, as well as to determine the influence of various factors on its characteristics.
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Raut, Ashish y Uday Wankhede. "Review of investigations in eco-friendly thermoacoustic refrigeration system". Thermal Science 21, n.º 3 (2017): 1335–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150626186r.
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To reduce greenhouse gas emissions, internationally research and development is intended to improve the performance of conventional refrigeration system also growth of new-fangled refrigeration technology of potentially much lesser ecological impact. This paper gives brief review of research and development in thermoacoustic refrigeration also the existing situation of thermoacoustic refrigeration system. Thermoacoustic refrigerator is a novel sort of energy conversion equipment which converts acoustic power into heat energy by thermoacoustic effect. Thermoacoustic refrigeration is an emergent refrigeration technology in which there are no moving elements or any environmentally injurious refrigerants during its working. The concept of thermoacoustic refrigeration system is explained, the growth of thermoacoustic refrigeration, various investigations into thermoacoustic refrigeration system, various optimization techniques to improve coefficient of performance, different stacks and resonator tube designs to improve heat transfer rate, various gases, and other parameters like sound generation have been reviewed.
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Sungkar, Ali A., Firman Ikhsan, M. Afin Faisol y Nandy Putra. "Performance of Thermoelectrics and Heat Pipes Refrigerator". Applied Mechanics and Materials 388 (agosto de 2013): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.388.52.
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Most of refrigerators commonly use the conventional refrigeration system known as Vapor Compression Refrigeration System becoming a big issue lately due to ozone depleting substance it uses as the refrigerant. This paper will shows step by step of an experiment with the objective of constructing a refrigeration system based on thermoelectric which is reliable and compete able with the Vapor Compression Refrigeration System. The designing of this refrigeration system shows attention to the environment that is combined with the knowledge so the environmental friendly technology can be applied. The performance of thermoelectric refrigerator was conducted under variation of input power (40W, 72W, and 120W) and operated in ambient temperature and cooling load of water 1000mL to investigate the characteristic of system, the performance, and also the COP. The COP is decrease by increasing of cooling load, QL. The best actual COP is 0.182 reached when the refrigerator operated at input power 40W. The result, it shows that decreasing of ambient temperature affects the decreasing of cabin temperature. Thermoelectric and heat pipe refrigerator cooling system can reach cabin temperature with power 120Watt (8.73A, 14V) produces temperature of compartment is 10.63°C indicates effective performance work-based thermoelectric applications.
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Chang, Jincai, Qiuling Pan, Zhihao Shen y Hao Qin. "Intelligent Prediction of Refrigerant Amounts Based on Internet of Things". Complexity 2020 (3 de febrero de 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1743973.
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In a refrigeration unit, the amount of refrigerant has a substantial influence on the entire refrigeration system. To predict the amount of refrigerant in refrigerators with the best performance, this study used refrigerator data collected in real time via the Internet of Things, which were screened to include only the effective parameters related to the compressor and refrigeration properties (based on their practical significance and the research background) and cleaned by applying longitudinal dimensionality reduction and transverse dimensionality reduction. Then, on the basis of an idealized model for refrigerator data, a model of the relationships between refrigerant amount (the dependent variable) and temperature variation, refrigerator compartment temperature, freezer temperature, and other relevant parameters (independent variables) was established. A refrigeration model based on a neural network was then established for predicting the amount of refrigerant and was used to predict five unknown amounts of refrigerant from data sets. BP neural network and RBF neural network models were used to compare the prediction results and analyze the loss functions. From the results, it was concluded that the unknown amount of refrigerant was most likely to be 32.5 g. It is of great practical significance for refrigerator production and maintenance to study the prediction of the amount of refrigerant remaining in a refrigerator.
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Hristov, Hristo, Apostol Simitchiev y Donka Stoeva. "Influence of the capillary pipe geometry on the energy efficiency of household refrigerator". E3S Web of Conferences 207 (2020): 01013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020701013.
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The energy efficiency of household refrigerating appliances was measured according to EN TSO15502. A Liebherr TKP 1650 built-in Domestic refrigerator is used to determine the influence of the capillary pipe geometry. The temperatures at the injection site of the refrigerant, the inlet and outlet of the evaporator receiver were measured. The obtained results show that there is no universal optimal geometry of the capillary pipe. There is no element of the refrigeration cycle whose change has no effect on the refrigerant flow rate passing through the capillary pipe. A change in the geometry of capillary pipe affects all other components of the refrigeration cycle and can greatly improve or impair the efficiency of the refrigerator. The potential for switching from one to two different geometries of the capillary pipe is approximately 8% improvement in energy consumption. Possible implementation should take into account the potential savings - 8% and the life cycle of the particular appliance (- 15 years). For the particular measured device, the consumption per year is about 75kWh, which should take into account that the device itself has a low volume and low energy consumption.
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Alrwashdeh, Saad, Handri Ammari, Mahmoud Hammad y Heening Markotter. "Experimental investigation of the effect of using different refrigerant gases on refrigerator performance". Jordan Journal of Energy 1, n.º 1 (6 de septiembre de 2022): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35682/jje.v1i1.2.
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An experimental study of the performance of a refrigerator using two refrigerants R-134a and R-410A has been conducted. The R-134a was the original design refrigerant, while the R-410A was the drop-in refrigerant. The study was performed on a small refrigerator charged with each refrigerant alone at nearly the same ambient conditions. Temperatures at various locations in the refrigeration system were measured using thermocouples during the running of the experiments, and the data collected were processed into performance refrigeration parameters. The results have indicated that both the refrigeration capacity and coefficient of performance were remarkably higher for the refrigerant R-410a by about 23 and 24%, respectively.
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Shandhosh Shree, K. K., R. Jaysrani, S. Keerthika, S. Swetha y M. Vijayalakshmi. "A Thermoelectric Refrigerator Using Arduino". Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology 06, n.º 02 (2023): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.46431/mejast.2023.6210.
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Refrigerator and air conditioners are the most energy consuming home appliances and for this reason many researchers had performed work to enhance performance of the refrigeration systems. Most of the research work done so far deals with an objective of low energy consumption and refrigeration effect enhancement. Thermoelectric refrigeration is one of the techniques used for producing refrigeration effect. Thermoelectric devices are developed based on Peltier and Seeback effect which has experienced a major advances and developments in recent years. The coefficient of performance of the thermoelectric refrigeration is less when it is used alone, hence thermoelectric refrigeration is often used with other methods of refrigeration. This paper presents a review of some work been done on the thermoelectric refrigeration over the years. Some of the research and development work carried out by different researchers on TER system has been thoroughly reviewed in this paper. The study envelopes the various applications of TER system and development of devices. This paper summarizes the advancement in thermoelectric refrigeration, thermoelectric materials, design methodologies, application in domestic appliances and performance enhancement techniques based on the literature.
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G, Anusha,. "REFRIGERATION USING PELTIER EFFECT". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, n.º 04 (3 de abril de 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem29990.
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Refrigerators are being used nowadays, There are various types of refrigeration systems available in the market, each with advantages and disadvantages of its own. Using a thermoelectric cooling system will maintain a consistent temperature throughout and be lightweight, portable, and simple to use. This makes it perfect for the transportation and storage of live human organs as well as medications, immunizations, and blood banks. The gadget can be utilized in cars as long as the vehicle has a 12V DC source. The thermoelectric cooler is a new technique that has many advantages. At its prototype size, this portable mini refrigerator can chill many 200-ml bottles or a soft drink canister. Based on the outcome, a more refined model can be built. When mass-produced, our attempt to create an environmentally friendly refrigerator without the risk of handling a hazardous refrigerant is fairly inexpensive, and it can be installed in a car's glove compartment or have its refrigeration compartment. The main motto of this project is to design a prototype of a thermoelectric Refrigerator using the Peltier effect Key Words: Refrigeration, Thermo-electric Cooler Module, Peltier Device, etc
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Bolaji, Bukola Olalekan, Olatunde Ajani Oyelaran, Israel Olutunji Abiala, Tunde Oluwatoyin Ogundana y Semiu Taiwo Amosun. "Energy and Thermal Conductivity Assessment of Dimethyl-Ether and its Azeotropic Mixtures as Alternative Low Global Warming Potential Refrigerants in a Refrigeration System". Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 12–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0002.
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Abstract Substituting Hydrofluorocarbons with natural refrigerants in domestic refrigerators will significantly reduce the direct contributions of fluorinated gases to global warming which will be of great environmental benefit. In this study, the performances of dimethyl-ether (RE170) and its azeotropic mixtures (R510A and R511A) in a refrigeration system were assessed theoretically and compare with that of conventional refrigerant. The study revealed that the three investigated alternative refrigerants exhibited significantly good heat transfer characteristics, low pressure ratio, high latent heat in the liquid phase which resulted in their high thermal conductivity and Volumetric Cooling Capacity (VCC). The thermal conductivity of the refrigerants reduces while the evaporating temperature rises and the value obtained for RE170 was the highest among the four refrigerants studied. The Coefficient of Performance (COP) for RE170, R510A and R511A were higher than that of R134a by 6.20, 10.06 and 3.02 % respectively while their power consumptions per ton of refrigeration were lower than that of R134a by 6.99, 11.04 and 1.47 % respectively. In conclusion, dimethyl-ether and its azeotropic mixtures performed better than R134a in that they have higher thermal conductivity, refrigerating effect, VCC, COP, lower power consumption per ton of refrigeration and hence, they can be considered as suitable replacements for R134a in domestic refrigerator.
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Petushenko, S. "Cooling System for Primary Low Temperature Processing and Storage of Grains of Small Frachioned". Refrigeration Engineering and Technology 53, n.º 5 (2 de noviembre de 2017): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15673/ret.v53i5.852.
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The analysis of different aspects of grain refrigeration on elevators of Ukraine, Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and in the world is carried out. The advantage of the refrigeration method is shown concerning the quality and of energy conservation. A comparative analysis of various types of refrigeration machines operating on ozone-friendly refrigerants has been carried out. It is shown that it is more profitable to use heat that is worked out from refrigerating machines.
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Eltyshev, I. P., S. N. Kopylov, N. V. Golov y I. R. Begishev. "On Potential Fire Hazard of Use of Environmentally Friendly Refrigerants in Refrigeration Equipment". Occupational Safety in Industry, n.º 2 (febrero de 2024): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-2-24-29.
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Today, the most common domestic electric equipment is a household refrigerator. The use of flammable substances as refrigerants for refrigerators can lead to severe consequences. As the production of hydrofluorocarbon class refrigerants for refrigeration equipment was restricted by the Kigali amendment to the Montreal Protocol, refrigeration technologies have been transferred from using hydrofluorocarbon class refrigerants to natural refrigerants (propane, butane, isobutane). The replacement of hydrofluorocarbon class refrigerants with natural refrigerants is already noticeable since in many cases isobutane (R-600a) is used as a refrigerant for refrigeration equipment. Isobutane is a combustible substance with a wide explosion limit (1.8–9.5 % vol.); hence, it is classified as an A2 refrigerant class of hazard (combustible substances). As R-600a is classified as an A2 class of fire hazard, its use in refrigeration technologies is limited with the refrigerant mass; therefore, the use of R-600a for refrigeration equipment is considered safe. According to international and Russian data, however, some accidents involving the use of flammable refrigerants in refrigeration equipment were registered. In the US, two explosions of serviceable household refrigerators were registered; in the Russian Federation, one explosion of refrigeration equipment during repair jobs was registered. According to the parameters of refrigeration equipment explosion, R-600а was used as a refrigerant. This study provides a calculation of excess pressure of explosion in case of leakage of R-600a from a refrigerator in the volume of a living accommodation (kitchen) in order to estimate the fire safety of combustible refrigerants. Based on the results of calculations, it has been concluded that the existing norms of the use of combustible refrigerants are insufficient and cannot ensure fire-explosion and fire safety for a person and refrigeration equipment.
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Dubey, Gautam A., Vinay R. Chaurasia, Amit Kumar, S. Chaurasiya, Vidyesh T. Churi y M. A. Gulbarga. "Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Portable Medical Refrigerator for Remote and Rural areas based on Peltier Effect". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2022): 903–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.41380.
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Abstract: The medicine and vaccine require to store in the refrigerator the continuous provision of electrical energy is required so that their efficacy is not affected. This represents an important problem for rural areas where there is no continuous electrical energy. In this work, we design a solar energy system for refrigeration of cold storage medicines to be used in rural towns without giving continuous electrical. The system uses a thermoelectric refrigerator based on the Peltier effect, which produces a temperature difference when electrical power is provided to it. It will be shown that for a typical application for vaccine refrigeration, the required solar panel is about 100W peak connected to batteries with a storage capacity of 20Ah. The designed refrigeration system has a 14-liter volume capacity of vaccines at temperatures in the range of 14° to 15°C using a Peltier cell (TEC) that consumes 28 W at 12V. Keywords: Refrigeration, Thermoelectric, Solar energy, Peltier.
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Kudrov, Yu V. "Entropy-statistical analysis of the efficiency of cycles of refrigeration units of household refrigerators". Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences 49, n.º 4 (9 de febrero de 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2022-49-4-16-25.
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Objective. The aim of the work is to determine the thermodynamic efficiency of the modernized refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator compared to the basic model using the entropystatistical method.Method. В ходе работы при проведении исследований применен научный метод системного анализа, а также энтропийно-статистический метод термодинамического анализа при определении эффективности холодильного цикла бытового холодильника.Result. The analysis of the distribution of energy costs to compensate for the production of entropy by the nodes of the refrigeration unit is carried out. This analysis allows us to visually assess the energy losses in the cycle of a household refrigerator. The analysis was carried out for the most popular refrigerants R134a and R600a when used in household refrigerators. Based on the calculations carried out, comparative diagrams of energy losses in cycle processes are constructed. The entropy-statistical analysis of the thermodynamic efficiency indicators of the cycle confirms the advantages of the modernized refrigeration unit of the household refrigerator.statistical method.Conclusion. In the course of the work, it was confirmed that the use of an upgraded refrigeration unit will reduce the total energy costs, and the chosen research method will visually assess the energy losses for the elements of the refrigeration unit cycle.
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La Rocca, Vincenzo, Antonio Messineo, Massimo Morale y Domenico Panno. "A Testing Facility for Refrigerating Plants Equipment Working with New Fluids". Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (febrero de 2013): 1696–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1696.
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A test rig was built in the department of energy, in laboratory of refrigerating engineering for test runs with a lot of fluid and equipment of various kind for commercial refrigeration. The facility has been continuously improved during the past years and allows to perform experiments aiming to assess the performance characteristics both of conventional and new equipment for commercial refrigeration. In the test rig can be tested a lot of cooling loop filled with a secondary fluid for simulation of their behavior in industrial and commercial plants (e.g.: during exploitation in supermarket and hypermarket for refrigeration of foodstuffs in cold store, display cases and cabinets, etc.). The paper reports main results of the experiments performed with the new fluid R422A versus the original refrigerating fluid R22.
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Tragangoon, Arruck, Khemapat Tontiwattanakul, Montri Ngamprukvanit y Chayanon Serttikul. "Design and Development of Performance Rating Apparatus for Cold Room Refrigeration Unit Using Cooling-Load Balance Method". E3S Web of Conferences 428 (2023): 01006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342801006.
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Refrigeration systems are composed of many components working together, and their refrigerating capacity depends upon these components constituting the refrigeration system. The design of the refrigeration system does not only consider cooling loads from products but also the operating conditions that change from time to time, especially the ambient temperatures due to global warming and climate change. Therefore, this work aims to develop the apparatus for performance rating of the cold room’s refrigeration unit according to the ASHRAE standard test methods as well as the Eurovent certification programs. The principle of enthalpy change is used to determine the system performance, in general. In this work, the cooling-load balanced method is proposed, which shows a good refrigeration capacity estimation by balancing the cooling load with refrigeration capacity. In addition, the use of an ultrasonic flow meter for refrigerant flow rate measurement is also discussed for additional validation in future works.
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Krivtsov, D. V. y A. F. Porutchikov. "Development and investigation of refrigerating machine with dosage filling ammonia". Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 8, n.º 1-3 (10 de mayo de 2014): 88–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-67596.
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The paper considers the low refrigeration capacity ammonia refrigerating machine. New technical solutions are proposed to decrease ammonia capacity, to scale-up the operating safety and to provide self-acting unsupervised automatic mode. The method of constructing a mathematical model and analysis of the refrigeration machine operation is described.
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Voron, Oleg. "PECULIARITIES OF UNIVERSAL BODY DESIGN FOR INNOVATION REFRIGERATOR CARS". Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2021, n.º 8 (9 de agosto de 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/1999-8775-2021-8-77-86.
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There are considered analysis results of stress-strain state in the load-bearing structure of three versions of refrigerator cars with different arrangement solutions of refrigerating-heating plants (RHP) and a thermos car at its cooling with liquid nitrogen.
By means of the “APM WinMachine” application there are presented model parameters of a basic universal body. The analysis of calculation results has shown sufficient strength and potentialities for updating an available car metal structure for the application as a universal body of a refrigerator car.
Work purpose: the estimation of a stress-strain state in the load-bearing structure of a basic body for insulated cars of different types of refrigerator- and thermos cars.
Investigation methods: for the analysis of the stress-strain state in a load-bearing structure in three versions of the bodies of refrigerator- and thermos cars under loads with “Normal” modes there was used the “APM WinMachine” software complex realizing a finite element method.
Results and novelty: for the first time there are offered arrangement solutions for the location of refrigeration-heating plants earlier not used for refrigeration rolling-stock (RRS). A stress-strain state of the body of the thermos car at the impact of overpressure upon it of gaseous nitrogen evaporated in cargo compartment is estimated.
Conclusions: the analysis of calculation results for all three versions of the RHP arrangement and a solid body of a thermos car has shown sufficient strength and possibility regarding simple updating an available body metal structure which may be used as a universal car set.
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Patel, Wasim Babulal, Pranav G. Charkha, Amol V. Joshi y Jitendra N. Wadadkar. "Utilization of Waste Heat from Condenser of Domestic Refrigerator for Water Heating". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1259, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1259/1/012010.
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Abstract Conservation of energy is very important factor in economic and financial development of country. Refrigeration system utilizes enormous amount and lost from refrigerator is also a major concern which ultimately rejected to atmosphere causing rise in temperature. On the other hand electricity is consumed to heat water. So it is necessary to utilize this rejected heat. In this paper the extracted heat from refrigeration is used to heat water by utilizing water cooled condenser without affecting COP of the system. The setup is installed on domestic refrigerator containing condensing coil, temperature sensors for reading and insulated tank attached to domestic refrigerator as it is widely used in almost every house.
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JUNG, HAE WON, WONJAE YOON, HYUN JOON CHUNG y YONGCHAN KIM. "PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF A BYPASS TWO-CIRCUIT REFRIGERATION CYCLE DESIGNED FOR REFRIGERATORS". International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 18, n.º 02 (junio de 2010): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132510000241.
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In this study, the performance characteristics of a bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle designed for refrigerators were investigated in a bench scale refrigeration system. The bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle with R600a operates in two modes of refrigerator/freezer-mode (RF-mode) and freezer only-mode (F only-mode) by switching refrigerant flow path. The performance of the bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle was measured by varying the condenser capacity, the length of the suction line heat exchanger (SLHX), and the refrigerant charge amount with adoption of the refrigerant storage vessel. The COPs of the bypass two-circuit refrigeration cycle at RF-mode and F only-mode increased by 10% and 17%, respectively, with the increase of the condenser capacity and SLHX length. In addition, the COP of the system at F only-mode increased by 10% with the adoption of the refrigerant storage vessel.
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MBAP, S. T., J. S. BUTSWAT y A. M. AFEGBUA. "SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS OF LOCAL AND EXOTIC CHICKEN EGGS UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 23, n.º 2 (12 de enero de 2021): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v23i2.2363.
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A study was conducted to investigate different storage conditions viz: refrigeration, oiling, washing eggs and storing in black polythene of eggs and a control which comprised eggs not treated and stored in transparent polythene bags for 20 days on local and exotic chicken eggs conditions, to determine the best storage conditions. Eggs stored in the refrigerator maintained desirable Internal quality followed by eggs intensely oiled, and Eggs stored in polythene bags. Eggs kept as control had the least desirable internal quality.For short eggs storage up to 10 days,refrigeration, oiling, washing of egg storing black polythene bags could be used while refrigeration is not necessary for egg storage beyond 10 days. Where refrigeration is not possible, oiling seems to be the best alternative for storage.
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Yadav, Varun, Supradeepa Panual G, Neeraj Yadav, Ratnam Bordia, Rohini Soni y Rinkesh Khandey. "Design and Fabrication of Solar Powered Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System". E3S Web of Conferences 170 (2020): 02011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017002011.
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Engineering is all about the application of knowledge and ideas for continuous development in society. In today’s world, there is a strong need for an environment-friendly refrigerating system, therefore, our focus is on a solar powered vapour absorption refrigeration system. This project focuses on a cooling system that minimizes the dependency over electricity and to show our ability to save our resources for future generations. The objective of this work was to design and fabricate a vapour absorption refrigeration system, using LiBr-H20, as the refrigerants and powered by solar energy. Performance Evaluation of the system has been done on the basis of different operating conditions and parameters like, solar irradiance, collector, generator, condenser and evaporator temperature. The COP of the system was obtained as 0.1 and the capacity was 0.01 TR. Since it’s an ab-initio development it will be a unique one in terms of understanding and underlying engineering. The system is an eccentric one that can be operated by multiple heat sources like solar energy, biomass etc. without much change in the design. This system can be used to develop an Air Conditioner, Refrigerator or a Chiller.
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Baranov, Igor' Vladimirovich, Andrey Anatol'evich Pivinskiy, Sergey Aleksandrovich Dubrovin, Mariya Sergeevna Tutova y Sergey Andreevich Sorokin. "Analiz luchshikh mirovykh praktik podgotovki kadrov v sfere kholodil'noy tekhniki i konditsionirovaniya i vozmozhnosti ikh primeneniya na territorii Leningradskoy oblasti". Refrigeration Technology 109, n.º 4 (15 de abril de 2020): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rf104053.
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This article analyzes the international experience of training personnel in the field of refrigeration and air conditioning, as well as the application of the best world practices in the territory of the Leningrad region. The experience of such countries as France, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and China is considered. The greatest attention is paid to the system of professional education in the field of refrigeration technology of the Chinese People’s Republic. This country already has the largest refrigerating testing center in Asia, which indicates the successful training of personnel for working with refrigeration equipment [8].
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Zhai, Xiaowei, Yu Xu, Zhijin Yu y Kai Wang. "Proposed liquid CO2 cycle refrigeration system for heat hazard control". MATEC Web of Conferences 240 (2018): 05038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824005038.
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Liquid CO2 can absorb heat via phase change and generates cryogenic CO2 which can effectively solve the problem of thermal damage in the deep coal mining process. The CO2 cycle refrigeration device system is designed to effectively cool down the working surface of the mine in which CO2 is cyclically utilized. COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software is used to characterize the CO2 cycle refrigeration system in mine of the heat transfers process between CO2 and the air flow in tunnel. The results show that the reduction of steady air flow temperature reach at 8 °C in the tunnel by CO2 cycle refrigeration system before the air flow into work face. we analyzed the influence of main parameters on refrigeration system and gets the results:1) The refrigeration system get higher cooling efficiency of cryogenic CO2 when the ventilation velocity of local fan is increased, and the temperature of outlet CO2 and steady air flow in tunnel has increased; 2) Increasing the CO2 flow, the refrigeration effect of the system is enhanced obviously, but CO2 refrigeration capacity utilization ratio is reduced; 3) Increasing the length of helical tube would led to use CO2 refrigerating capacity more efficiently; 4) The cooling effect of the cooling system can be improved obviously by lowering the the CO2 cooling temperature.
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Semenov, Alexander Evgenyevich y Aleksander Ivanovich Andreev. "Optimization of operating modes of ship refrigeration plant with artificial cold accumulator". Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2023, n.º 3 (31 de agosto de 2023): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2023-3-65-73.
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The ways of optimizing the operation of a refrigeration unit for fishing and refrigerated vessels with the additional inclusion of artificial cold storage devices are investigated. For this purpose, a new technology of cold storage has been developed on the basis of a refrigerating machine with direct contact between media and ice production. The refrigerant RC318 was taken as freon which does not form crystalline hydrates. Based on this, the optimization of the operation of a single-stage refrigeration machine was carried out using the Lagrange multiplier method for the target function of energy consumption, calculated by reducing the exergy flow in the system. The data obtained show the relevance and prospects of using cold accumulation on ships to reduce energy costs for the operation of refrigeration equipment and increase the autonomy of fishing vessels. Optimization according to the given method leads to two modes of operation of the refrigerating machine, as the most optimally beneficial in terms of operating conditions during the generation of cold. Optimization was carried out for two schemes for including a cold accumulator in the cold supply system. The proposed optimization methods make it possible to reduce the energy consumption of refrigeration units to the level of design loads, and to compensate for peak loads with the help of cold from batteries. Further research in this matter is aimed at reducing the size of the battery, increasing its energy efficiency and developing recommendations for inclusion in the general schemes of ship refrigeration plants based on mathematical optimization models and field experiments. It also plans to further improve the methods of cold accumulation based on ice generation with direct contact of media inside refrigeration units.
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Ji, A. Min, Tian Tian y Bo Ning Tang. "Study on Solar Energy for Pre-Cooling Technology of Fruit and Vegetable". Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (diciembre de 2014): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.37.
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This paper discusses the importance of per-cooling vegetable and fruit, establishes a mathematical model of the solar adsorption refrigeration system collector bed. It applies activated carbon - methanol as working pairs, takes solar vacuum tube－water cooled collector bed for refrigerating, adsorption temperature and adsorption rate versus time are calculated , draw the corresponding curve figure. Analyses solar adsorption refrigeration system performance and puts forward the improvement direction.
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Bazzo, Walter. "Foams for Refrigeration Applications". Cellular Polymers 11, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1992): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026248939201100602.
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Rigid polyurethanes have been used in the manufacture of household appliances for three decades. Their use has helped turn refrigerator manufacture into a major world activity, allowing completely new approaches to design and production. This paper reviews the polyurethane properties that have enabled the domestic refrigeration industry to grow and describes current manufacturing and assembly techniques. Issues such as CFC phase-out, and the manufacturing implications, are discussed, along with likely trends for the future. It shows that for the polyurethanes industry to be an effective supplier to the refrigeration industry, it must continue to provide strong support over the next few years.
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Gonçalves, R. S. R., B. Jacob-Furlan, E. C. Kollross, J. C. Berndsen, L. S. Martins, A. B. Mariano y J. C. Ordonez. "A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AN ABSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM FOR A REFRIGERATED STORAGE FOR FISHING BOATS". Revista de Engenharia Térmica 21, n.º 1 (8 de julio de 2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v21i1.86688.
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The objective of this paper is to determine if it is possible to refrigerate an area by means of a heat source. Theory determines that an absorption refrigerator can work as a possible solution through a refrigeration fluid. According to it, the system works by the evaporation or condensation of the working fluid. The traditional process consists of using engine fuel to run an electric compressor and by its means achieve refrigeration. That process has its toll on fuel economy and engine efficiency and the refrigeration fluid damages the ozone layer or is based on the transportation of ice previously bought on shore. The technological improvement will be equipped on fishing boats, in order to make the trip last longer due to the possibility of not needing to buy and transport ice and for the purpose of lowering the fishing industry cost. Absorption refrigeration can augment engine efficiency by using heat energy that is normally wasted and the system could reach temperatures of freezing water, meaning that it could be possible to follow Brazilian and international standards. The methodology of this work consists of an energy analysis of an absorption refrigerator, which is the determination of the heat transfer equations on the ammonia evaporator, condenser and exhaust/ammonia. Furthermore, it should be analyzed if it’s possible to determine to which working parameters the system will have an optimum operation. From the mathematical analysis, the system shows that with the equations it is possible to operate an absorption refrigeration based on the exhaust gases of fishing boats. Furthermore, the process can be operated on a wide range of temperatures, being possible to determine according to a few dimensionless parameters to which temperature levels the process of refrigeration shows the best removal of heat.
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Лаженко, А. С. y Т. Я. Біла. "ОЦІНКА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМ КЕРУВАННЯ МОТОР-КОМПРЕСОРОМ ПОБУТОВОГО ХОЛОДИЛЬНИКА". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, n.º 3 (11 de enero de 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.5.
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Determining the rational structure of the automatic control system of the motor-compressor, which provides minimal energy losses when switching on and going to a steady state mode of operation of a household refrigerator. The methods of simulation modeling, comparative analysis, research of control systems and the main provisions of technical thermodynamics and the theory of automatic control are used in the work. The paper considers the principle of operation of the refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator, schematically shows its main elements and the relationship with the steam compression cycle. Simulation models of automatic control systems based on proportional-integral-differential controller, fuzzy and hybrid controllers have been developed. The proposed models allow to evaluate the quality of temperature control in the refrigeration compartment and to determine energy losses during transients. The results of computer simulation of transients in temperature control systems due to changes in the performance of the motor-compressor and the obtained values of power losses are presented. It is established that the smallest losses of the electric power at instant increase of heat inflows in refrigerating department occur at application of a fuzzy regulator. It is determined that the use of fuzzy controllers in automatic control systems reduces the duration of transients, the time of the first negotiation, the number of oscillations, but leads to static error and increases the maximum deviation from the set temperature in the refrigerator compartment. Simulation models of control systems of the motor-compressor of a household refrigerator for assessment of quality of regulation and definition of losses of the electric power during transient processes are developed. The ways to increase the energy efficiency of household refrigerators through the introduction of control systems with fuzzy regulators are proposed.
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Лаженко, А. С. y Т. Я. Біла. "ОЦІНКА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СИСТЕМ КЕРУВАННЯ МОТОР-КОМПРЕСОРОМ ПОБУТОВОГО ХОЛОДИЛЬНИКА". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 146, n.º 3 (11 de enero de 2021): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.3.5.
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Determining the rational structure of the automatic control system of the motor-compressor, which provides minimal energy losses when switching on and going to a steady state mode of operation of a household refrigerator. The methods of simulation modeling, comparative analysis, research of control systems and the main provisions of technical thermodynamics and the theory of automatic control are used in the work. The paper considers the principle of operation of the refrigeration unit of a household refrigerator, schematically shows its main elements and the relationship with the steam compression cycle. Simulation models of automatic control systems based on proportional-integral-differential controller, fuzzy and hybrid controllers have been developed. The proposed models allow to evaluate the quality of temperature control in the refrigeration compartment and to determine energy losses during transients. The results of computer simulation of transients in temperature control systems due to changes in the performance of the motor-compressor and the obtained values of power losses are presented. It is established that the smallest losses of the electric power at instant increase of heat inflows in refrigerating department occur at application of a fuzzy regulator. It is determined that the use of fuzzy controllers in automatic control systems reduces the duration of transients, the time of the first negotiation, the number of oscillations, but leads to static error and increases the maximum deviation from the set temperature in the refrigerator compartment. Simulation models of control systems of the motor-compressor of a household refrigerator for assessment of quality of regulation and definition of losses of the electric power during transient processes are developed. The ways to increase the energy efficiency of household refrigerators through the introduction of control systems with fuzzy regulators are proposed.
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Радченко, Микола Іванович, Євген Іванович Трушляков, Сергій Анатолійович Кантор, Богдан Сергійович Портной y Анатолій Анатолійович Зубарєв. "МЕТОД ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ТЕПЛОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ КОНДИЦІЮВАННЯ ПОВІТРЯ ЗА МАКСИМАЛЬНИМ ТЕМПОМ ПРИРОЩЕННЯ ХОЛОДОПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ (на прикладі кондиціювання повітря енергетичного призначення)". Aerospace technic and technology, n.º 4 (14 de octubre de 2018): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2018.4.05.
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It is justified the necessity of taking into consideration changes in thermal loads on the air conditioning system (heat and moisture treatment of air by cooling it with decreasing temperature and moisture content) in accordance with the current climatic conditions of operation. Since the effect of air cooling depends on the duration of its use and the amount of cold consumption, it is suggested that it be determined by the amount of cold spent per year for air conditioning at the GTU inlet, that is, for annual refrigerating capacity. The example of heat-using air conditioning at the inlet of a gas turbine unite (energy–efficient air conditioning systems) analyzes the annual costs of cooling for cooling ambient air to the temperature of 15 °C by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and two-stage air cooling: to a temperature of 15 °C in an absorption lithium-bromide chiller and down to temperature 10 °С – in a refrigerant ejector chiller as the stages of a two-stage absorption-ejector chiller, depending on the installed (project) refrigerating capacity of waste heat recovery chiller.It is shown that, based on the varying rate of increment in the annual production of cold (annual refrigeration capacity) due to the change in the thermal load in accordance with current climatic conditions, it is necessary to select such a design thermal load for the air conditioning system (installed refrigeration capacity of chillers), which ensures the achievement of maximum or close to it annual production of cold at a relatively high rate of its increment. It is analyzed the dependence of the increment on the annual refrigerated capacity, relative to the installed refrigeration capacity, on the installed refrigeration capacity, in order to determine the installed refrigeration capacity, which provides the maximum rate of increase in the annual refrigerating capacity (annual production of cold). Based on the results of the research, it is proposed the method for determining the rational thermal load of the air conditioning system (installed – the design refrigeration capacity of the chiller) in accordance with the changing climatic conditions of operation during the year, which provides nearby the maximum annual production of cold at relatively high rates of its growth
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La Rocca, Vincenzo, Antonio Messineo, Massimo Morale y Domenico Panno. "Analysis of Air Cycle and Efficiency Evaluation for a Blast Freezing Tunnel Plant". Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (febrero de 2013): 1631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.1631.
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Air refrigerating systems offer a suitable alternative to vapour compression systems. Air can be used as working fluid in gas compression cycles for refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems. This paper gives some results of theoretical investigation into improved air cycles for refrigeration systems and a comparison is made with their performances. The case-study relates to a dual purpose refrigerating plant. A blast freezing tunnel gives the coldest air stream and, in cascade, the air coming out from the tunnel is used in a channel network for feeding a lot of chilling cells. The case-study analysed indicates that there is a real possibility to build plants which will be equipped with air inverse cycles.
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Puangcharoenchai, Phupoom, Pongsakorn Kachapongkun, Phadungsak Rattanadecho y Ratthasak Prommas. "Experimental Investigation of Performance Enhancement of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System by Vortex Tube Cooling". International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 28, n.º 02 (junio de 2020): 2050018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132520500182.
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This study aimed to analyze the difference in operation of the vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system with vortex tube cooling. By using varied loads, experiments were conducted on the evaporator section of a vapor compression refrigeration system. In an attempt to improve the use of subcooling for the refrigeration, the effect of subcooling of refrigerant by vortex tube cooling was likewise examined. The test conditions included various loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and cold mass fractions (25%, 50% and 75%). This research described coefficient of performance (COP) as one of the significant parameters, in addition to heat rejection and refrigerating effect. The ideal efficiency appeared to be with the cold mass fraction of 25% and load of 100%, as identified by the results. Consequently, the COP could be enhanced by 5.16% along with an approximately 4.36% decline in average power use. Improved guidelines for vapor compression refrigeration systems to enhance the operation of the system are an expected benefit of this study.
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Korotkiy, Igor' Alekseevich, Evgeniy Nikolaevich Neverov, Il'ya Aleksandrovich Prib, Maksim Yur'evich Mokrushin, Dmitriy Ivanovich Goleshov y Vladimir Gennad'evich Lonshakov. "Proektnye resheniya skhemy kholodil'noy mashiny s utilizatsiey teploty kondensatsii". Refrigeration Technology 109, n.º 6 (15 de junio de 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rf104056.
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Refrigerating units are widely used in various sectors for artificial cold generation. While maintaining low temperatures, refrigerating machines produce a large amount of heat at cooling and condensation of a refrigerant on the high pressure side. The heat produced is not used in any way and is emitted into the environment. The article offers a circuit of a refrigerating machine that makes it possible to utilize the condensation heat and to transfer it to various consumers of heat energy at the facilities, thereby reducing the heat emission into the atmosphere and increasing technological capabilities of cooling. The methods for selection of heat exchange apparatuses, included in the circuit, which make it possible to utilize the condensation heat, are described. This methodology can be used when designing refrigeration circuits for new facilities as well as for modernization of circuits of already operating refrigeration factories.
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Taywade, Priti y Prof Narendra Wadaskar. "Experimental Work on Solar Powered Portable Refrigeration System for Rural Areas". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2022): 1981–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44207.
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Abstract: The increase in demand for refrigeration globally in the field of air-conditioning, food preservation, medical services, vaccine storages, and for electronic components temperature control led to the production of more electricity and consequently an increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere which in turn leads to global warming and many climatic changes. Thermoelectric refrigeration is a new alternative because it can reduce the use of electricity to produce cooling effect and also meet today’s energy challenges. Therefore, the need for thermoelectric refrigeration in developing countries is very high where long life and low maintenance are needed. The objectives of this study is to develop a working thermoelectric refrigerator to cool a volume 5L cabin that utilizes the Peltier effect to cool and maintain a selected temperature range of 5 0C to 25 0C. The cooling chamber design integrates thermoelectric modules (TEMs), which operate on the Peltier effect to cool juicer down to nearly 18’C. Solar panel added advantage to provide the energy. The design and fabrication of solar powered thermoelectric refrigerator for required applications are presented.
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Chien, Zi-Jie, Hung-Pin Cho, Ching-Song Jwo, Chao-Chun Chien, Sih-Li Chen y Yen-Lin Chen. "Experimental Investigation on an Absorption Refrigerator Driven by Solar Cells". International Journal of Photoenergy 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/490124.
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This experiment is to study an absorption refrigerator driven by solar cells. Hand-held or carried in vehicle can be powered by solar energy in places without power. In the evenings or rainy days, it is powered by storage battery, and it can be directly powered by alternating current (AC) power supply if available, and the storage battery can be charged full as a backup supply. The proposed system was tested by the alternation of solar irradiance 550 to 700 W/m2as solar energy and 500ml ambient temperature water as cooling load. After 160 minutes, the proposal refrigerator can maintain the temperature at 5–8°C, and the coefficient of performance (COP) of NH3-H2O absorption refrigeration system is about 0.25. Therefore, this system can be expected to be used in remote areas for refrigeration of food and beverages in outdoor activities in remote and desert areas or long-distance road transportation of food or low temperature refrigeration of vaccine to avoid the deterioration of the food or the vaccines.
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Wang, Wenpu, Wei Shao, Shuo Wang, Junling Liu, Kun Shao, Zhuoqun Cao, Yu Liu y Zheng Cui. "Operation Optimization of Thermal Management System of Deep Metal Mine Based on Heat Current Method and Prediction Model". Energies 16, n.º 18 (14 de septiembre de 2023): 6626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16186626.
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With the increasing depth of metal mining, thermal damage has become a serious problem that restricts mining. The thermal management system of refrigeration and ventilation is an indispensable technology in the mining of deep metal mines, which plays a key role in improving the thermal and humid environment of mines. Optimizing the performance of refrigeration and ventilation systems to reduce energy consumption has become a focus of researchers’ attention. Based on the heat current method, this research establishes the overall heat transfer and flow constraint model of the refrigeration and ventilation system, and proposes an iterative algorithm that combines the refrigerator energy consumption model and the artificial neural network model of heat exchangers. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to optimize the system with the goal of minimizing the total power consumption of the system. The results show that under 9.1 kW cooling load conditions, the total energy consumption of the system reduces by 16.5%, and the COP of the refrigerator increases by 11.6%. The optimization results provide significant guidance for the production and energy consumption reduction of the deep metal mines.
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Ust, Y., A. Sinan Karakurt y U. Gunes. "Performance Analysis of Multipurpose Refrigeration System (MRS) on Fishing Vessel". Polish Maritime Research 23, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2016): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2016-0020.
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Abstract The use of efficient refrigerator/freezers helps considerably to reduce the amount of the emitted greenhouse gas. A two-circuit refrigerator-freezer cycle (RF) reveals a higher energy saving potential than a conventional cycle with a single loop of serial evaporators, owing to pressure drop in each evaporator during refrigeration operation and low compression ratio. Therefore, several industrial applications and fish storage systems have been utilized by using multipurpose refrigeration cycle. That is why a theoretical performance analysis based on the exergetic performance coefficient, coefficient of performance (COP), exergy efficiency and exergy destruction ratio criteria, has been carried out for a multipurpose refrigeration system by using different refrigerants in serial and parallel operation conditions. The exergetic performance coefficient criterion is defined as the ratio of exergy output to the total exergy destruction rate (or loss rate of availability). According to the results of the study, the refrigerant R32 shows the best performance in terms of exergetic performance coefficient, COP, exergy efficiency, and exergy destruction ratio from among the other refrigerants (R1234yf, R1234ze, R404A, R407C, R410A, R143A and R502). The effects of the condenser, freezer-evaporator and refrigerator-evaporator temperatures on the exergetic performance coefficient, COP, exergy efficiency and exergy destruction ratios have been fully analyzed for the refrigerant R32.
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Govindasamy, Satheshkumar, Mylsamy Kaliyannan, Saravanan Sadhasivam y Rajaguru Kadasari. "Experimental analysis of domestic refrigeration system using nanorefrigerant [CeO2+ZnO+R134a]". Thermal Science, n.º 00 (2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci211119244g.
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At the present scenario, the action of ensuing the philosophy of reducing energy consumption and saving it for longer period without drop off in performance is increased. On the other hand, global warming and ozone layer depletion become foremost challenges. These concerns are takes place in Thermal systems like refrigerator and air conditioning. To resolve the above challenges, the nano refrigerants are used in refrigeration, which has previously got the attention due to its distinctive properties such as thermal conductivity. They also have the potential to improve the heat transfer performance of refrigeration. This project interrogated on the performance of domestic refrigeration system using normal condenser and microchannel condenser with and without nanoparticles. The Cerium oxide and Zinc oxide nanoparticles in the size of about 20-30nm and 30-50nm respectively with R134a domestic refrigerant were used. The experimentation carried out using 2 gm ofCeO2and ZnO nanoparticles in three different ratios [0.5:1.5,1:1 and 1.5:0.5] with R134a refrigerant. Hereby, the result conquered that 33.3% increase in the Actual COP of domestic refrigeration system using normal condenser with 1:1 ratio of nanoparticles when compared with the refrigeration system using microchannel condenser with and without nanoparticles.
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Szabó, István-Sándor, Judit Pásztor y Rudolf-László Farmos. "Study of a Compressor Refrigeration Circuit". Műszaki Tudományos Közlemények 17, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2022): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33894/mtk-2022.17.12.
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Abstract An important part of technical education is the presentation of processes through experiments and demonstration tools. This direct sensual experience is one of the sources of knowledge acquisition. The illustration provides a deeper understanding of the curriculum, making the cognitive process more intense. In this study we present a refrigerator model we have designed and implemented. Measurements are then performed on a real refrigerator to study the compressor refrigeration process. The locations where data were acquired are shown on the model.
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Mishra, R. S. "Optimization of Vapour Compression Refrigeration Systems using Mixing of Nanomaterials". International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 3, n.º 1 (2015): 200–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.311535.
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This paper mainly deals with energy exergy analysis for finding irreversibilities in the brine cooled evaporator couped vapour compression refrigeration system using R134a ecofriendly refrigeration for reducing ozone depletion and global warming. The numerical computation was carried out using EES software on utilization of three nano particles (i.e. CuO, Al2O3 and TiO2) and it was observed that thre is a improvement in the refrigerating effect, first law efficiency and second law efficiency and reduction in the the system exergety destruction ratio.
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Yang, Hui Shan, Jin Mei Wu, Li Shuang Wu y Zhi Wei Wu. "Thermoeconomic Optimization for a Ferroelectric Stirling Refrigeration-Cycle". Applied Mechanics and Materials 700 (diciembre de 2014): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.700.175.
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Using the finite-time thermodynamics, an irreversible cycle model of the Stirling refrigeration-cycle, using a ferroelectric material as the working substance, is established. Several irreversibilities due to thermal resistances between the working substance and the heat reservoirs, regenerative losses in two regenerative processes are taken into account. The influence of these irreversible losses on the performance of the ferroelectric Stirling refrigeration-cycleis analyzed. The thermoeconomic optimization for ferroelectric Stirling refrigeration-cycle is reported. The cooling load for the refrigerator per unit total cost is proposed as objective functions for the optimization. The optimum performance parameters which maximize the objective functions are investigated. Since the optimization technique consists of both investment and energy consumption costs, the obtained results are more general and realistic.