Tesis sobre el tema "Recyclage des plastiques"
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Lamolle, Vincent. "Etude de cisaillement intense de plastiques mélangés en vue d'applications au recyclage". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11068.
Texto completoGodin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Texto completoChiarilli-Sabin, Virginie. "Analyse de seuils d'endommagement de mélanges de polymères incompatibles dans un objectif de recyclage". Lille 1, 1996. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1996/50376-1996-272.pdf.
Texto completoC'est le cas pour le polyoxyméthylène, et également pour un matériau pourtant très différent des thermoplastiques : le carbonate de calcium. Ce taux de 5% en volume semble marquer une transition de type ductile-fragile observée lors de la sollicitation en traction. La sensibilité particulière des caractéristiques autour de ce taux, la proximité de la température de transition vitreuse du polypropylène et la modification de la mobilité moléculaire due à la compatibilisation expliquent les valeurs a priori surprenantes mesurées sur certains allongements à la rupture. De plus, il est intéressant de constater que, contrairement à ce que l'on lit dans la littérature concernant les mélanges équilibrés de polymères incompatibles, l'adjonction de compatibilisants n'est pas nécessaire. Cette différence de tendance s'explique par la conjonction des facteurs que l'on vient d'évoquer, sans laquelle cette transition ductile-fragile, différente de la transition vitreuse, n'aurait pas été mise en évidence
Achtioui, Touria. "Mise en œuvre et caractérisation de matériaux polymères issus d' emballages plastiques recyclés". Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS036.
Texto completoThe aim of this PhD thesis was to understand the mechanisms of degradation of SAN and ABS from waste sprues and undelivered packages from Albea Group (formerly known as Alcan Packaging). The results of this project should allow the reduction of waste volume, the improvement of material properties and a costs reduction. The present workshould also improve the understanding of the fundamental aspects of physical recyclability of polymers during different cycles in injection molding.The first part of the study performed using an internal mixer showed how degradation was influenced by processing parameters such as the rotor speed, the temperature and the mixing time. Thus, considering the SAN, the mechanisms of the thermo-mechanical degradation are both generated by the thermo-mechanical degradation and by the oxidation that involves chain scissions. In the case of ABS, its mechanisms of thermo-mechanical degradation imply further chromophores sites, several competition reactions such as crosslinking and chain scissions.The innovative feature of our work was to establish a theoretical mechanism of degradation of ABS and SAN under processing conditions used in industry thanks to our experimental approach with original investigation procedure (TMDSC, solid state NMR, AFM). Afterwards, we were then able to identify the real contribution on the one hand of the shearing effect, which seemed still unstudied in the literature, and of the other hand of the thermal effect.Finally, it was found that degradation was not affecting SAN mechanical properties whereas discoloration and a reduction of viscosity were observed. On the opposite, the recycling of ABS resulted in a significant reduction of tensile properties and the impact strength due to the presence of varnish which interfered in stress transfer between PB nodules and the SAN matrix
Boeglin, Nadia. "Valorisation par agglomération de sous-produits de la filière bois : faisabilité technique et approche technico-économique". Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10334.
Texto completoJacob-Vaillancourt, Colin. "Caractérisation avancée et valorisation des plastiques mélangés postconsommation : étude de cas chez Gaudreau Environnement inc". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28305.
Texto completoLes plus récents estimés indiquent que seulement 32% des plastiques post-consommation (emballages, sacs et contenants) sont récupérés par la collecte sélective des matières recyclables au Québec, et une quantité probablement encore moindre est réellement recyclée. Pourtant, le recyclage a été identifié comme une des stratégies clés permettant la mise en place d’une véritable économie circulaire des plastiques. Présentement, un manque de données précises et transférables entre les acteurs de la chaîne de valeurs rend plus difficile l’application de mesures efficaces pour augmenter la qualité des plastiques voués au recyclage thermomécanique. De plus, il existe peu de solutions de recyclage pour les flux de plastiques fortement hétérogènes, alors que la diversité des emballages disponibles sur le marché est sans cesse croissante. Ce travail de recherche avait pour objectif d’étudier la qualité des plastiques mélangés en provenance du centre de tri de Gaudreau Environnement Inc., et de développer une technologie de recyclage applicable aux flux hétérogènes de plastiques. Une caractérisation combinant des équipements industriels et des analyses de laboratoire a permis de dégager un taux de qualité correspondant à la concentration réelle d’un polymère visé dans un échantillon trié par séparateur optique. De plus, la caractérisation des contaminants a démontré que les plastiques faits de polystyrène et de polyvinyle chloré sont sujets à de grandes variations de qualité. Une méthode de recyclage de ces plastiques est proposée ici, soit l’utilisation d’agrégats de plastiques recyclés comme substituts au sable pour des mélanges expérimentaux de béton. Le plastique a généré des bétons ayant une plus grande ténacité élastique et une résistance thermique plus élevée que le béton conventionnel. Cette technique de recyclage a semblé convenir aux flux hétérogènes de plastiques, notamment lorsque plusieurs types de polymères sont présents, car les critères de qualité diffèrent de ceux employés pour évaluer les plastiques voués au recyclage thermomécanique conventionnel.
According to recent estimates, only 32% of all postconsumer plastics are collected by curbside collection programs in the province of Quebec (CANADA), and an even smaller amount may be actually recycled into new products. Recycling has nonetheless been identified as one of the key strategies needed to enable a transition to a fully circular economy for plastics. At this time, a lack of precise data, transferable between all stakeholders of the plastics value chain, prevents the implementation of efficient measures to upgrade the quality of plastics channelled towards thermomechanical recycling. Also, very few recycling techniques are designed for heterogeneous plastic streams, while an increasingly varied array of plastic packaging is found on the consumer market. This research aimed to study the quality of a mixed plastics stream produced by Gaudreau Environnement Inc.’s material recovery facility, and develop a recycling technique able to process an heterogeneous plastic stream. A combination of industrial machineries and laboratory analyses was used to characterize the quality of the mixed plastics, and a quality index was generated to estimate the concentration of a targeted polymer in a sorted plastic stream. A characterization of contaminants showed that polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride streams experienced more variation in terms of quality for recycling. A potential valorization route was investigated, where recycled plastic aggregates were substituted to sand in experimental concrete blends. Plastic aggregates helped confer greater elastic toughness and a higher thermal resistance to concrete. Plastic aggregates with a high bulk density, such as those derived from PVC, generated concretes with the best mechanical performances. This recycling technique seems promising for heterogeneous plastic streams, particularly when several polymers are present, since its quality parameters differ from conventional thermomechanical recycling.
Le, Guern Cécile. "Séparation de déchets de plastiques par voie physico-chimique (flottation-moussage) en vue de leur recyclage : applicabilité au mélange PVC/PET bouteilles". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1997. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1997_LE_GUERN_C.pdf.
Texto completoCălin, Laur Florentin. "Séparation électrostatique des matériaux plastiques provenant d'équipements informatiques en utilisant la triboélectrisation en lit fluidisé". Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2279.
Texto completoThis work aimed at elaborating a process using triboelectrisation for charging plastic granules and electric field forces to separate them. After an introduction to the state of the, the author describes the two fluidised bed tribocharging devices and the two electrostatic separators that he built. The factors that influence the tribocharging of certain granular plastics (PVC, PET, ABS, PS) i. E. Duration of charging process, particle size, nature of the surfaces in contact, were evaluated using the design of experiments method. The influence of ambient temperature and humidity on charging binary mixtures of plastics was investigated using the same methodology. A numerical model of charged particle trajectories has been validated by experiments performed on granular mixtures of ABS, ABS-PC and HIPS. The experimental results confirm that tribocharging in a fluidised bed followed by electrostatic separation is an effective process for informatics equipment waste treatment
Maudet-Charbuillet, Carole. "Proposition d'outils et démarche pour l'intégration des filières de recyclage des matières plastiques dans la Supply Chain automobile". Paris, ENSAM, 2009. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005773.
Texto completoProduct end-of-life management must be considered in product design. To reach the European End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) directive objectives and in view of the growing plastics' use in vehicles, the automotive Supply Chain must now set up reliable recovery scenarios for its products and therefore for these materials. The plastics industry, material technically unavoidable in our society, is subject to societal pressures, environ mental regulations. An answer to the se pressures is the development of recycling industries to save resources by making the waste a raw material. These networks are emerging systems whose development criteria must be defined. The automotive industry implemented many tools of design for recycling. But these tools do not take into account recycled plastics, that is to say the recycling networks characteristics, producers and suppliers don't see them as potential recycled material users. The limits of recycling networks' integration in the automotive Supply Chain find their origin in lack of knowledge on recycling industries characteristics by stakeholders involved in their development. We thus propose in this research a recycling networks' modelling tool - ODEFIRE- corresponding through network capabilities measures to a decision aid for stakeholders, including the Supply Chain Automotive. This aid concerns the implementation of the right actions to develop recycling industries. We also propose an approach for creating knowledge on recycling networks-DAIMRE-for automotive suppliers. This method authorizes, through the use of ODEFIRE, to promote the use of recycled plastics in high value parts. The aim is to sustain recycling industries integration in the automotive Supply Chain
Twite, Kabamba Eddy. "Polymer foams and composites recycling : Rheological and Macromolecular Investigations". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27578/27578.pdf.
Texto completoTraore, Brahiman. "Elaboration et caractérisation d’une structure composite (sable et déchets plastiques recyclés) : Amélioration de la résistance par des charges en argiles". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCA029/document.
Texto completoThis project aims at conceiving(designing) one paves with plastic waste got back in the discharges and with mixture of sand and gravel. This pavement that must be of use to the realization of pavements and public highways, must thus be capable of answering the technical conditions of its use. However, the fabrication method and the used material(equipment) must be rather simple to allow its fast handling by little qualified workers and a low(weak) production cost to be economically competitive. Pavements will thus be tested to identify their performance at the same time mechanical and physical then used on life-size to understand(include) their ageing because of their wear. Finally, an equipment(casting off) will have risen for a transfer of finalized(worked out) technology
Maris, Joachim. "Compatibilisation de matières plastiques en mélange issues de déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques en vue de leur valorisation par recyclage mécanique". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1004.
Texto completoThe recycling of the plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) has attracted great attention recently for environmental reasons. Mechanical recycling has emerged as the most economical, as well as the most energetic and ecologically efficient option. The aim of this work is the mechanical recycling of WEEE mixed plastic waste (MPW) streams. First, MPW composition has been evaluated by FT-IR and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies, and ATG and DSC analyses. MPW are complex blend composed of thermoplastics, mainly styrenic polymers (ABS, HIPS, PS) and polyolefins. The remaining were other thermoplastics as PVC, PE, PMMA, PC…. After processing, these mixtures show very low mechanical properties compared to commodity and engineering thermoplastics. These results demonstrated that compatibilization is necessary to transform these D3E into secondary raw materials (SRM). In situ compatibilization using radical reactions appeared to be an attractive solution. Two pathways have been studied to generate the radicals, firstly, by electron beam radiation and, secondly, by adding chemical initiators. These two approaches didn’t show any substantial improvement in mechanical properties. Following these results, compatibilization by addition of reactive and non-reactive commercial copolymers were undertaken, leading to a significant improvement in mechanical properties. The production of technical prototypes and 3D printing wires from compatibilized SRM has been validated and allows considering an industrial development
El, Gersifi Khalid. "Recyclage de tubes en matériaux composites fibres de verre utilisés dans les centrales de production d'électricité". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ECAP0853.
Texto completoKlaimy, Sophie. "Pyrolyse thermique et catalytique des polymères utilisés dans les emballages". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R056.
Texto completoOver the past ten years, the production and consumption of plastics have grown significantly around the world due to their uses in a wide range of applications including packaging, agriculture, automotive or construction. In 2017, 342 million tons of plastics were produced worldwide among them around 65 million tons in Europe. The valorization of plastic waste by mechanical recycling or incineration are widely used but do not constitute a long-term solution. Thermal as well as catalytic pyrolysis appears as an attractive alternative. The research carried out in this PhD work focused on pyrolysis of plastics used in packaging such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The thermal decomposition of virgin polymers and of a defined model mixture representative of plastic waste were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and flash pyrolysis. The quantity of each phases (gas, liquid, solid) were determined and the composition of the liquid phase analyzed. It was demonstrated that, within the model mixture, interaction between the polymers occurs leading to accelerate the decomposition process and to favor the formation of aromatic compounds. The use of zeolite (ZSM-5) as a catalyst for the pyrolysis of polyethylene, the most commonly used plastic in packaging, lead to a narrower distribution of pyrolysis products. The amount of catalyst was optimized and the effect of its acidity was studied. The most acidic ZSM-5 promotes the formation of aromatics and specifically products between C6 and C12 are obtained. The deactivation and regeneration of ZSM-5 respectively before and after pyrolysis was also investigated. The effectiveness of catalyst regeneration after several cycles of use was demonstrated. Finally, several catalysts with defined structure and acidities were synthesized. It was thus possible to conclude that both parameters play an important role in the composition and selectivity of the pyrolysis process
Leprêtre-Dropsit, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre et propriétés des mélanges PET/polyoléfines en vue du recyclage d'emballages". Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10140/document.
Texto completoPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyolefins (PE, PP ... ) are widely used for packaging applications (e.g., bottles) and generate a significant amount of waste. Recycling such thermoplastic materials avoiding costly sorting operations presents an economic and a scientific challenge because they are immiscible and semi-crystaIIine polymers. The aim of the study is to process binary (PET/PE, PET/PP) and temary (PET/PE/PP) blends, strongly unbalanced (0-90% by weight of PET), and compatibilized to maintain satisfactory mechanical performances in traction, impact and toughness. The recycled PET/polyolefins blends compatibilization by adding EGMA (ethylene copolymer-glycidyl methacrylate) leads to a decrease of polyolefins droplets size dispersed in the PET matrix, as weil as an improvement of interfacial conditions. The mechanical behavior (traction, impact and toughness) of blends tends to the ones of PET, when the average diameter of polyolefin inclusions is below a critical value of 3 µm. The study and modelisation of nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of blends showed that EGMA and polyolefins play the role of a nucleating agent for the PET and accelerate the crystallization (without intluencing significantly the cristallinity rate). The mechanical properties of blends are more atfected by cristaIIization process modification than by morphological and interfacial changes
Sahnoune, Farid. "Relations structure - propriétés mécaniques dans des systèmes PEHD/PS et PEHD/CaCO3 modifiés par des agents élastomères : application au recyclage des matières plastiques". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20092.
Texto completoGripon, Layla. "Contribution au recyclage et à la valorisation des matières plastiques issues des déchets d’équipements électriques et électroniques contenant des retardateurs de flamme bromés". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MTLD0014.
Texto completoBrominated flame retardants (BFR) are added to polymers to enhance their flammability resistance. But some of them are nowadays considered as persistent organic pollutants (POP). To avoid their propagation into recycling streams, plastic materials which bromine concentration is too high (> 2000 ppm) are generally incinerated to destroy the pollutants they contain. The objective of this work is to find a solution to recycle BFR containing plastics materials while respecting the regulations. The study is focused on an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) batch coming from real waste electrical and electronic equipment which contains a POP concentration about four times higher than the regulation limit authorizing recycling. Physico-chemical methods were studied to extract BFR. Solid-liquid extractions with stirring and diethyl ether as well as the dissolution-precipitation method lowered the POP concentration under the regulatory limit. A detailed study on supercritical CO2 extraction was performed and showed its efficiency to remove BFR, but optimizations are still needed. The recycling environmental impacts were also evaluated considering the pre-treatment processes studied previously. The energy and solvent consumptions need to be optimized in order to make the recycling process more viable compared to incineration. The treated plastic material showed that it can be easily recycled. Nevertheless, its impact strength could be improved during a formulation step. Finally, a practical application of this material in a bilayer structure was proposed to enhance its mechanical and esthetic properties. Good adhesions were obtained with virgin ABS and ABS/PC materials guaranteeing satisfactory properties to the bilayer structure
Coulibaly, Mamadou. "Modélisation micromécanique et caractérisation expérimentale du comportement des matériaux hétérogènes élastoviscoplastiques : application à la valorisation des polymères recyclés". Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ033S/document.
Texto completoThis work relates to the modelling of mechanical behavior of elastoviscoplastic heterogeneous composites with the aim of an application to recycled polymers. Therefore, our study investigates the effect of the presence of impurities or strengthening agents on the mechanical behaviour of widely distributed thermoplastic polymers. In this way, a model based on a micromechanical approach is carried out on such materials. However, the complexity of elastoviscoplastic behaviour, that involves the hereditary type of material and induces a space/time coupling, is due to the presence of delayed mechanical interactions that scale transition should try to take into account. Considering the complexity of numerical implementation in hereditary approaches, internal variables approaches are privileged for their numerical simplicity. Within this framework, this development is intended to provide a general approach to the problem of scale transition. It relies on a new integral formulation of Eshelby inclusion problem. Then homogenization stage is carried out according to two methods : Mori-Tanaka estimate and self-consistent scheme. The results are presented and compared with those of other models and experimental results. The application to the case of linear viscoelasticity, the model used in this study led to the exact solution referring to Rougier hereditary model (Laplace-Carson Transform). In the non linear viscoelastic area, and with the aim of an application for recycling, a series of trials was conducted on polypropylene charged with talc
Gregoire, Sylvain. "Etude et optimisation de la méthode LIBS (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) pour l'identification de matériaux organiques appliquée au recyclage des plastiques et à la conservation du patrimoine". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062281.
Texto completoKazemi, Yasamin. "Mechanical and morphological characterization of wood plastic composites based on municipal plastic waste". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29823/29823.pdf.
Texto completoRecent legislations associated with environmental impacts of post-consumer plastic wastes have driven substantial attention toward developing viable recycling techniques. Therefore the aim of this research was to produce wood plastic composites (WPC) from the light fraction of municipal plastic wastes (post-consumer) and wood processing residues (sawdust). In order to improve compatibility and adhesion between polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), an ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) was used to compatibilize the polymer phases and also to act as an impact modifier. Addition of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) and maleated polypropylene (MAPP) provided improved compatibility between the polymer matrix and the wood flour. The combined effect of all the components was found to produce composites with interesting morphological (dispersion and adhesion) and mechanical properties (tension, torsion, flexion and impact) after optimization of the additive package (blend of coupling agents). In the second phase, three-layered structural composites were produced from the aforementioned composites to investigate the effects of design parameters on their flexural and impact performance. The studied parameters include wood content, thickness of individual composite layers, as well as stacking sequence and configuration (symmetric and asymmetric structures). In addition, the classical beam theory was successfully used to predict the flexural modulus within 10% of deviation for these complex structures.
Aït, Amer Abdelaziz. "Broyage et séparation des matériaux polymériques sans fragilisation cryogénique : approche fractographique du réacteur de division et transposition des techniques métallurgiques de séparation". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20130.
Texto completoArmand, Christiane. "Violence, émotion, fascination : Les relations du son et de l’image dans les pratiques plastiques récentes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3012/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relation between sound and image in the actual artistic works and especially from video art and to try to determine how this linkage provides violence, emotion, fascination but also how it comes within the scope of the contest of the thinking emergence, the meaning shifting, the work reception by the public. These links between visual and sound parts are brought out from videos coming across the discussion thread and a more specifically monographic analysis is drawn from the Ange Leccia's artistic work producted from 1982 to 2013 and Douglas Gordon's one realized from 1990 to 2008. One part of this study is also devoted to the videographic work problematics of the author of this thesis with respect to the theme involved. Lastly, a comparative analysis puts in a position to question the artistic practice of Ange Leccia and Douglas Gordon, of contemporary artists and the work of the author of this text favouring the relation between sound and image which relies on artistic work based on the sampling of archives, of movies and the use of popular songs
Garcia, Contreras Antonio. "Foodyplast, des emballages plastiques alimentaires avec des additifs naturels et recyclables". Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0020/document.
Texto completoPlastics have now invaded our daily lives. They are the symbol of the consumer society, because they are considered a non-noble material: consumers equate it with a disposable product after use. Since plastics are not degradable, they represent a real danger to the environment, fauna and flora.The objective of this thesis work was to develop in collaboration with the Institute of Analytical Sciences and Physico-Chemistry for Environment and Materials (Pau University) new formulations with natural additives to produce resistant and recyclable plastics. Two types of resins were used: isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) and low density polyethylene (LDPE). Natural antioxidants such as ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and flaxseed oil were tested and encapsulated to improve their resistance to degradation. Thermal and rheological characterizations of resins have shown superior qualities to current commercial resins. We were able to demonstrate that the plastics obtained could be recycled 9 times without losing their characteristics. Tests with trays made with the developed products are underway to validate the developed models
Monsaingeon, Baptiste. "Le déchet durable : éléments pour une socio-anthropologie du déchet ménager". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010654/document.
Texto completoOver the past forty years, household waste and its management have been assimilated to a global environmental issue. While sustainable development is becoming a pressing issue, the number of our garbage bins is increasing. So what is it that we aim to preserve when we are dutifully sorting out our garbage? Between the very local gesture of discarding and the global environmental issue, there is a tremendous gap. The link between everyday practices of waste and environmental issues is so underdetermined that it has to be analysed. The main claim of this dissertation is that despite a growing concern with environment and the increasing time and space devoted to waste management, we remain unaware of the social, technological and material issues at stake. Because of this individual and collective blindness waste is not seen as a clue: as its memorial function is neglected waste is still perceived as what has to disappear, as a material quantity that has to be controlled and eliminated. The en-durable waste is an oxymoron that leads to further investigate the multiple modes of presence of waste in today’s life. Inspired by the personae of the ragman and of the archaeologist, this socio-anthropological investigation follows household waste from uncertain oceans of plastic to few Parisian vermicompost bins. Based on this confrontation to the materiality of waste, to the territories and to practices of wasting, this dissertation claims that where the unavoidable presence of waste is described as a problem, it is question of our presence to waste that is at stake
Rogaume, Yann. "Physico-chimie de la dégradation thermique des molécules azotées : cas du polyamide et du polyuréthanne". Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2286.
Texto completoGoument, Caroline. "Caractérisation, mise en forme et recyclage de polymères biosourcés pour le développement d’un procédé de fabrication plastronique respectueux de l’environnement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0109.
Texto completoIn the majority of cases, electronic objects in our everyday life have a plastic casing made of petrochemical polymer materials. Today, replacing the petrochemical-based materials with more environmentally-friendly ones is a necessary transition. 3D plastronics is an emerging field of research than can overcome some of the limitations of conventional electronics, particularly as it requires to redefine the polymer substrates. This PhD is part of the BIOANTENNA project of the AURA Region's Ambition Research Pack, whose goal is to manufacture an innovative electronic device in terms of the materials used and the functionalities of the electronic circuit. In this thesis, we study a mass production process for electronic devices called In-Mold Electronics (IME). It comprises three main stages: screen printing, thermoforming and injection molding. In the state of the art, the reference polymer in IME is PolyCarbonate (PC). Our goal is to replace PC with a more environmentally-friendly material: Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA). Over the last ten years, this polymer has been the subject of numerous studies in order to use it as an alternative to petrochemical-based engineering polymers. PLA is the most widely used biosourced polymer today. It is also biodegradable in industrial composting, which could provide a solution for end-of-life products and make it suitable for use in the circular economy. This manuscript is divided in two main parts : one regarding the manufacturing of a plastronic device using IME and PLA, and the other on the dismantling of the IME devices manufactured in the first part
Santander, Tapia Pavlo Javier Alejandro. "Valorisation en circuit court de déchets thermoplastiques pour la conception par impression 3D de structures composites". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0229.
Texto completoThe management of plastic waste is a major problem that has yet to be resolved with a view to a more sustainable development of human activities. Among the possible solutions, recycling is an interesting way to recycle non-renewable materials. After decades of centralized recycling, there is now a growing interest in approaches based on distributed recycling. Taking advantage of the democratization of open-source 3D printing technologies (OS), we propose to revalorize locally the plastics that can be used by these technologies. This distributed recycling can be considered as a kind of "intelligent network", composed of small coordinated recycling units, which provide recycled plastic filaments to the 3D printing community. The technical feasibility of this plastic recycling approach has been proven in the literature. However, its feasibility from a supply chain and logistics perspective has yet to be demonstrated. In order to address this issue, this research thesis seeks to provide answers to the following research question: Under what conditions is it possible to deploy a sustainable network of local and distributed plastics recycling using open-source 3D printing technologies? Taking into account the above, this research work aims to propose a framework for the analysis and evaluation, from a sustainability perspective, of the distributed plastic recycling approach for 3D printing. The proposed evaluation framework combines optimization and system dynamics in the evaluation of the sustainability of the recycling approach. The application of the evaluation framework to a specific case study of a university seeking to implement a distributed recycling demonstrator to recover 3D printing waste from middle and high schools in northeastern France illustrated the feasibility from a sustainability perspective
Zahour, Selim. "Performances de fibres synthétiques issues du recyclage. Role des propriétés aux interfaces sur le comportements au temps et à l'usage". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR019/document.
Texto completoWe focused on physical ageing of a non-woven produced by recycled fibers from plastic bottles. This non-woven is produced by drylaid-textile process and is used for building thermal insulation. Two networks are visible and structural relaxation has been investigated through the study of evolution of one fiber skin part with different couple time, temperature. Physical ageing of polymers can be followed by structural relaxation process. We showed that structural relaxation process is very long for temperatures of use far from glass transition temperature. Same results have been shown on the global non-woven stored in non-insulated box governed by Normandy weather. The combination of the two previous results reinforce our basic idea ; the insulator properties variation will be stable for long time only if temperature of use is far from glass transition temperature
Pillain, Baptiste. "Définition des indicateurs clés de performance et évaluation multicritère de filières durables de recyclage des polymères renforcés de fibres de carbone issus de l’industrie aéronautique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0630/document.
Texto completoThe global consumption of carbon-fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is constantly growing since the last decade, leading to the need to create a recycling sector able to manage the amount of carbon fibers currently consumed and representing the amount of waste to be treated in the future. This thesis focus on the creation of a methodology for evaluating the sustainability potential for the implementation of a carbon fiber reinforced plastics recycling (CFRP) sector. CFRP coming from the aeronautics sector as well as other sectors such as the automobile and wind-energy industries. This methodology aims at identifying the most relevant indicators and associated methods, but also aims at the creation and adaptation of indicators to best assess the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of this recycling sector. The final result of this work, is the creation of a sustainability assessment methodology dedicated to the carbon fiber recycling sector, considering the different sustainability pillars. However this methodology also define more widely a tool that helps to identify sustainability performance indicators and that can be applied to other sectors if necessary
Guidigo, Jonathan. "Caractérisation physico-mécanique d’un composite bois polymère". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0229/document.
Texto completoThis study follow others that propose a solution for the recovery of plastic waste and wood to make it a construction material made of wood-polymer composite. The particularity of this research is that the thermoplastic matrix used is a set of different polymers taken in well-defined proportions. The percentages considered for the matrix obtained represent the proportion of polymer waste that can be found in the city of Cotonou (Benin Republic). This study consisted in making WPC polymer wood composite samples by extrusion, studying them through physico-mechanical tests and relating them to samples made with an already existing artisanal method. On the one hand, we studied separately the sawdust and the thermoplastic matrix by determining the chemical constituents of the sawdust, and by performing a physico-mechanical analysis (thermogravimetric analysis, compression and tensile bending test, facies analysis). SEM fracture) on the reinforcement and the matrix. On the other hand we evaluated the influence of the addition of 20%, 25%, 28% and 30% of sawdust on the mechanical properties (compression, bending and traction). The results show that sawdust behaves like a reinforcement when the sample is stressed in compression and bending. Sawdust acts as a load when WPC samples are stressed in tension. Sawdust also improves the rigidity of WPC in tension. The mechanical results obtained by extrusion are much better than those resulting from the artisanal methods. Thermogravimetric analyzes performed on WPC samples from the artisanal method reveal that during their manufacture, these samples are subjected to temperatures (above 300 ° C) that begin the degradation of polymers and sawdust in WPC
Louizi, Molka. "Formulation de mélanges de polyoléfines à l’aide d’une extrudeuse à très haute vitesse : Application à la dispersion de particules de traceurs, détectables par fluorescence X ou UV, en vue du tri de déchets polymères post-consommation". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0134.
Texto completoThis thesis, which is part of the ANR Eco-Tech TRIPTIC project, had the objective of contributing to industrial sorting rate of polymers containing tracers detectable by their fluorescence X or UV properties. At first, given that the cost of tracers selected for TRIPTIC study is quite high, a preliminary study is conducted with models of silica particles to optimize the dispersion of fillers in polypropylene / ethylene-propylene rubber (PP / EPR) matrix. It was found that processing under high shear rate is an effective technology for accomplishing a homogeneous dispersion of micro or nanoscale fillers. In a second step, after optimization of dispersion conditions, our results are extrapolated to the dispersion of UV tracer in different thermoplastic matrices. It was shown that the dispersion of 1000 ppm of micrometer tracer particles, in polypropylene matrices, extruded at high shear rates (N = 800 rpm), has no impact on the mechanical and physico-chemical properties as well as in the photo-degradation of the polymer after UV irradiation exposure. This fine dispersion was beneficial not only for the conservation of the properties of traced polymers but also for achieving a good dynamic detection of UV or X tracers using a prototype developed by the project partners ( Pellenc Selective Technologies , CEA- LITT and ENSAM - RPI ). Finally, high shear processing has successfully used to the compatibilization of ternary blends ( PP / EPR ) / PE (polyethylene) which may correspond to the post-consumer polymers. This technique has proved to be an effective method to produce polymer blends with unique mechanical properties. This novel strategy of compatibilization is of a particular interest, especially for industrial application prospects. It also opens new perspectives for materials lightening as well as “high shear recycling” of immiscible polymers
Roiron, Coline. "Contribution à la caractérisation thermomécanique d’un polyéthylène auto-renforcé et de ses « recyclats » : Effet des paramètres du procédé de moulage par compression". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ESMA0004.
Texto completoReducing energy consumption is an essential issue for today's society. In order to achieve a sustainable energy transition, especially in the field of transportation, new and more demanding regulations are being implemented. The keywords are to increase the proportion of recycled and recyclable materials and lightening structural parts.The use of polymers can be a solution. However, to guarantee good mechanical resistance, the use of self-reinforced composites(SRP) is a lever for action. They are composed of a polymer or a family of polymers in two physical states, one to form the matrix and the second for the reinforcement. They present a low density, interesting mechanical behavior, and increased recyclability. To understand the behavior of a self-reinforced polyethylene and to be able to consider the use of this material for a given application,it is essential to understand the behavior of each of its components. If the behavior of more conventional composites, such as glass or carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites, is well understood, using thermoplastic reinforcements such as UHMWPE (Ultra-High Molecular Weight PolyEthylene) within the composite makes the understanding of the behavior of SRP more complex. The impact of temperature and time on the mechanical response of the reinforcements is then examined in a first step, and the observations are related to microstructural considerations. A test protocol has been proposed and validated before hand. A solid-phase transition is highlighted around 49°C and generates an abrupt behavior change.These UHMWPE reinforcements are integrated into composites. A compression molding process is suggested to process them in a single step from a matrix in granular form. The effect of different process parameters is evaluated to propose an optimal combination.The short and long-term mechanical response in tension and creep is then analyzed, and the interest of the SRPE thus designed is highlighted. Indeed, the benefit of its use is evident, especially at low temperatures. Moreover, the presence of thermoplastic reinforcements seems to introduce additional parameters that affect the behavior of the composites and, in particular, in creep. The precise characterization and the knowledge of the transition temperatures of the latter appeared then determining, mainly since the transitions depend on the microstructure of the reinforcement and thus on the type of stretching and the applied conditions. Finally, the recyclability of the implemented composites is studied since it constitutes a driving force for the development of SRP on the market
Ben, Said Anouar. "Purification de polyoléfines artificiellement polluées : études de l’extraction de composés modèles par CO2 supercritique en autoclave et en extrudeuse bi-vis". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES011.
Texto completoDue to their excellent properties, polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene are widely used in food packaging applications to preserve and protect foodstuffs. However, throughout their lifecycle or first use, polyolefins can be exposed to contaminated media which limit their recyclability in food contact applications. Therefore, the recycling of polyolefins into direct food contact applications requires rigorous decontamination levels and thus effective and advanced recycling technology. The objective of this work is, at first hand, to study the feasibility and the potential of supercritical CO2 extraction in batch process for the purification of polyolefins (extraction of additives and model contaminants). In the whole, we investigated the effects of process parameters and contaminant structure on the extraction kinetic, and the influence of the supercritical CO2 extraction on the rheological and thermal behaviors of the purified materials. On the other hand, we aimed at the development of a novel continuous extraction process by coupling supercritical extraction technique and twin-screw extrusion. The most significant results showed the potential of supercritical CO2 extraction in batch mode for the purification of polyolefins without influence significantly the matrix properties
Parenteau, Thomas. "Modélisation micromécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères à matrice polypropylène". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404452.
Texto completoL'objectif de cette étude est la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation du comportement mécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères (TPE). Ces matériaux sont composés d'une matrice en homopolymère polypropylène isotactique (PP) et de particules d'élastomère recyclées à base d'éthylène propylène diène monomère (EPDM). La nature complexe du PP nous a incité à développer un modèle micromécanique, en distinguant dans ce polymère une phase amorphe et une phase cristalline. A partir d'un motif représentatif permettant d'estimer les propriétés élastiques du PP en fonction du taux de cristallinité, un modèle micromécanique de type autocohérent généralisé est comparé à un modèle macroscopique plus simple pour décrire son comportement élastoviscoplastique. La loi de comportement des TPE est construite, via une démarche d'homogénéisation, à partir du comportement mécanique des particules d'EPDM et de la loi macroscopique déterminée pour le PP. Les prévisions des modèles sont analysées et comparées aux résultats d'essais de flexion, de traction et d'indentation. Les modèles développés ont été implantés dans le code « éléments finis » Abaqus afin de permettre le calcul de pièces industrielles.
Maudet-Charbuillet, Carole. "Proposition d'outils et démarches pour l'intégration de filières de recyclage de matières plastiques dans la "supply chain" automobile". Phd thesis, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005773.
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