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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Reconfigurable and scanning antenna arrays"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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1

Ndimubandi, Samuel de Jésus, Xiao Ding y Yu Zeng. "A Wide-Angle Scanning Planar Array Based on Four-Mode Pattern-Reconfigurable Elements". International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2023 (8 de febrero de 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7871837.

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This paper presents a design of a wide-angle scanning planar array based on a reconfigurable antenna with four radiation patterns for 5G applications. The pattern-reconfigurable antennas (PRAs), capable of switching into four radiation patterns with the help of PIN diodes, constitute the basic elements of the planar array. By exciting each port individually and combining the scans of the PRAs operating at four symmetrical modes in four quadrant subspaces, the main beam of the proposed scanning planar array can scan subspaces I, II, III, and IV by directing the main lobe from -65° to 65° with side lobes less than -7 dB, while supporting a 3 dB scanning coverage of up to 83.5° for each quadrant in the elevation plane. Due to its compactness, simpler biasing network, and more significant beam-scanning coverage, the scanning array by using four-mode PRAs has better performance, via simulation and measurement result agreement.

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2

Arce, Armando, Enrique Stevens-Navarro, Marco Cardenas-Juarez, Ulises Pineda-Rico, Jorge Simon y Marco A. Panduro. "Design and Optimization of a Coherent Beamforming Network for an Aperiodic Concentric Ring Array". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (6 de mayo de 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4601718.

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In this work, a flexible and reconfigurable feeding network design for a nonuniform aperture on circular concentric ring arrays is proposed and analyzed. The network subsystem delivers coherent in-phase outputs with a Gaussian-like amplitude distribution, in a modular and basic topology based on sets of alternated power combiners and dividers. A complete antenna system in a monobeam configuration with a coherent network based on grouped inputs (blocks) per ring for an aperiodic concentric ring array with beam scanning and beam shaping properties is synthesized and analyzed. Additionally, a comparative analysis based on nonuniform and uniform concentric ring arrays fed by the proposed coherent network configuration is conducted and assessed. The optimization of the aperiodic layout on the antenna aperture (radii and interelement antenna spacings) is done by the differential evolution algorithm. Numeric experimentation demonstrates the performance advantages and capabilities of the proposed coherent network configuration with a nonuniform aperture over its uniform counterpart, with an improvement in average equal to −8.7 dB of side lobe level and 3.9 dB of directivity. Furthermore, the numeric examples show a complexity reduction on the coherent feeding network configuration based on the number of control signal inputs compared with a conventional phased antenna array; in the proposed configuration, the main beam is steered and shaped with N-1 control feeding ports per ring in this antenna system.

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3

Hajj, Mohamad, Moustapha Salah Toubet, Yasser Abdallah, Regis Chantalat y Bernard Jecko. "A NOVEL BEAM SCANNING/DIRECTIVITY RECONFIGURABLE M-EBG ANTENNA ARRAY". Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 29 (2012): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc11112207.

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4

Li, Ming, Haiping Wei, Jiahao Zhao, Qingchang Tao y Zheng You. "A Novel Linear Sparse Array with Reconfigurable Pixel Antenna Elements". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2020 (23 de abril de 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3624563.

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In this paper, on the basis of multifunctional reconfigurable pixel antenna (RPA) elements, a novel linear sparse array with an attractive compound reconfigurability is presented. It has the potential advantages of its beam scanning with low gain fluctuation, low sidelobe in two orthogonal planes, and polarization reconfigurable performance. Specifically, an RPA with simultaneous polarization and pattern reconstruction capabilities, consisting of the driven patch and the parasitic pixels on the same layer of dielectric substrate, is firstly designed, which can work in several operation modes corresponding to steerable beam directions θ=0°;θxoz=25°, 45°;θyoz=15° with two circular polarizations in X-band. Cross-slot coupling feed is used to improve polarization reconstruction capability and reduce the complexity of hybrid reconstruction topology optimization. Then, those RPAs are integrated into the 1×8 linear sparse array to realize the reconfiguration of two circular polarizations and beam steering in xoz- and yoz-plane. Simulation results show that the gain fluctuation and sidelobe level of the array during beam scanning have significant advantages over the previous phased array, and the generation of antenna grating lobes is avoided. Moreover, both RPA element and RPA array prototypes have been fabricated and measured to testify the efficiency. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, which indicates the application potential in the field of modern wireless communication system of the proposed linear sparse array.

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5

Jin, Yitong, Yuanqing Chen, Yafei Ding, Ziwen Zou, Feng Qian, Yong Luo y Guangli Yang. "A Low-Profile SIW-Based CTS Array with Reconfigurable Four Beams and Dual Polarizations for K-Band Sensing". Sensors 22, n.º 9 (7 de mayo de 2022): 3563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093563.

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A dual-polarized continuous transverse stub (CTS) K-band antenna with reconfigurable four beams and low profile is proposed based on substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) design. It consists of a line source generator (LSG) on the bottom surface, a spherical-wave to plane-wave transforming part on the middle layer, and CTS radiators on the top surface. Particularly, the LSG has four SIW-based H-plane horns, and a chip is integrated to switch among the two pairs of horns, so as to transfer the quasi-TEM waves on the bottom surface by a ±10° deflection angle to the middle layer for the CTS radiators on the top surface, resulting in four reconfigurable scanning beams with 10° for two polarizations. The measurements show that it realizes four reconfigurable beams with a 25.8 dBi gain at 24 GHz, verifying the design. The proposed antenna takes into account the advantages of reconfigurable multi-beam, dual polarization, low side lobes, low profile, and high gain, which can be applied to K-band sensing, especially for wind profile radars.

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6

Ouyang, Jun, Feng Yang y Shiwen Yang. "A novel radiation pattern reconfigurable microstrip antenna for wide-angle scanning application in phased antenna array". Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, n.º 6 (2008): 1539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23429.

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7

Wang, Zhangjing, Xing Fan, Haijuan Cui y Shaoqiu Xiao. "Design and Analysis of Thinned Array Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna to Enlarge the Scanning Range". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7487020.

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A novel thinned array with symmetric distribution along the array center is proposed in this paper. The proposed symmetric thinned array is based on the theory of unequally spaced array and the amplitude of each element in the array can be changed by introducing the weighted function. The pattern of the proposed array can be properly adjusted by changing the weighted function and the amplitude of the weighted factor, which obviously releases new degrees of freedom in array design. It has advantages such as low side lobe level (SLL) in the visible region, no grating lobes, and low nearby side lobe level (NSL), which has good potential for wide-angle scanning. Both simulation and experiment have been done; the experiment results show that, by applying this novel symmetric thinned array with pattern reconfigurable quasi-Yagi antenna, the scanning range of the array is −70°~70° inH-plane with SLL almost −10 dB below the maximum of the main beam. The 3 dB beam-width coverage is −86°~86°, which means that the proposed array can realize the entire upper-space beam coverage and restrain the SLL at the same time.

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8

Cao, Yuanxi, Penghao Feng y Sen Yan. "Design of a pattern reconfigurable antenna for wide‐angle scanning phased array applications". Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 64, n.º 5 (11 de marzo de 2022): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.33215.

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9

Haider, Nadia, Alexander G. Yarovoy y Antoine G. Roederer. "$L/S$ -Band Frequency Reconfigurable Multiscale Phased Array Antenna With Wide Angle Scanning". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2017): 4519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2017.2722685.

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10

Wang, Ziyang, Xiaotian Pan, Fan Yang, Shenheng Xu y Maokun Li. "Real-Time Mode Switching and Beam Scanning of High-Gain OAM Waves Using a 1-Bit Reconfigurable Reflectarray Antenna". Electronics 9, n.º 12 (18 de diciembre de 2020): 2181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122181.

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A reconfigurable electromagnetic surface has been studied to realize the adjustable orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams for real-time wireless communication and dynamic target detection in the future. OAM mode switching realized by many previous designs suffers from low gains without OAM beam scanning. In this article, a 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray antenna is designed, fabricated, and tested for the real-time control of OAM mode switching and large-angle vortex beam scanning in three-dimensional space. The proposed reflectarray surface is composed of 1-bit electronically reconfigurable cells, and the size is 24 λ × 24 λ with 2304 units. The reconfigurable element is designed by using a radiation patch loading a PIN diode with effective control of two states, “ON” and “OFF”, for the demand of 180° phase difference. The reflectarray surface can be assigned to a code sequence of 0 or 1 by the Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) in real time. Henceforth, the coding surface can dynamically control the generation of high-gain OAM beams, where only the optimized phase distributions on the surface need to be changed according to demand. To verify the concept, a large-scale reflectarray surface is fabricated and measured with an oblique feed at 15°. Different OAM-carrying phase distributions for different OAM beam states are calculated and tested. The test results show that the OAM mode switching between l = 1 and l = 2 is realized, and other variable modes such as l = 3 or l = 5 can also be achieved by modifying the phase encoding sequence. Furthermore, the direction of the vortex beams can be accurately controlled with gains over 20 dBi, and the large-angle vortex beam scanning is verified. Therefore, all results demonstrate that the proposed 1-bit reconfigurable reflectarray is efficient for the regulation and control of OAM-carrying beams for the demand of real-time dynamic wireless communications in the future.

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11

Thiện, Nguyễn Minh, Nguyễn Hữu Minh y Nguyễn Bình Dương. "Three Phase Resolution Transmitarray Element for Electronically Reconfigurable Transmitarrays". Journal of Research and Development on Information and Communication Technology 2019, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2019): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32913/mic-ict-research.v2019.n2.905.

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Electrical beam scanning is a feature enabling an antenna array to electrically control its main beam toward a desired direction. In this paper, a three-phase state element for electronically reconfigurable transmitarrays is presented. The element is made up of C-patches and modified ring slots loaded rectangular gaps. By controlling the bias state of four p-i-n diodes, three phase states are obtained. The dimension of the element is optimized by using full-wave EM simulation and performance of the element is validated by both simulation and an experimental waveguide system. A transmitarrayconsistingof12×12elementshasbeensimulated to validate the steering capabilities. Experimental results indicate the element has good characteristics and excellent phase change capabilities.

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12

Zhao, Ke, Lizhe Liu y Lirong Mei. "Investigation of Multibeam Forming Algorithm for Cylindrical Conformal Array Antenna". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (29 de marzo de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5379071.

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A multibeam forming algorithm based on cylindrical conformal array antenna is proposed in this paper. A comprehensively optimized algorithm of Taylor weights is used to reduce sidelobes. Multiple beams pointed at different azimuth angles are formed based on a reconfigurable overlapping array division method of subarrays, therefore each beam can get the maximum excitation of subarrays and ensure the pointing accuracy of the main lobe. Finally the cylindrical array antenna realizes the multibeam scanning and area coverage. The experimental results show that the sidelobe level after comprehensive optimization is 7.37 dB lower than that without optimization and 1.71 dB lower than that of traditional optimization when a single beam is formed. The comprehensive optimization can eliminate the grating lobe between two beams and reduce the sidelobe to -15 ∼ -20 dB when the two beams are 30°. The left sidelobe is reduced by 2.75 dB and the right sidelobe is reduced by 1.69 dB after comprehensive optimization when the two beams are separated by 40°.

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13

Zhou, Hengyi, Arpan Pal, Amit Mehta, Hisamatsu Nakano, Alessandro Modigliana, Thanos Arampatzis y Paul Howland. "Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna Consisting of High-Gain High-Tilt Circularly Polarized Four-Arm Curl Elements for Near Horizon Scanning Satellite Applications". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2018): 2324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2018.2873898.

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14

Senanayake, Rajitha, Peter J. Smith, Philippa A. Martin y Jamie S. Evans. "Performance Analysis of Reconfigurable Antenna Arrays". IEEE Transactions on Communications 65, n.º 6 (junio de 2017): 2726–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2017.2682081.

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15

Yong, Siwen y Jennifer T. Bernhard. "A Pattern Reconfigurable Null Scanning Antenna". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, n.º 10 (octubre de 2012): 4538–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2207336.

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16

Martinez, Javier Otero, Javier Rodriguez Rodriguez, Yuanjun Shen, Kin-Fai Tong, Kai-Kit Wong y Ana Garcia Armada. "Toward Liquid Reconfigurable Antenna Arrays for Wireless Communications". IEEE Communications Magazine 60, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2022): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.2200392.

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17

Tian, Wenchao, Daowei Wu, Qiang Chao, Zhiqiang Chen y Yongkun Wang. "Application of genetic algorithm in M × N reconfigurable antenna array based on RF MEMS switches". Modern Physics Letters B 32, n.º 30 (30 de octubre de 2018): 1850365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918503657.

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With the continuous development of the wireless communication, a device needs to integrate multiple antennas, which will lead to increased volume, increased cost, electromagnetic compatibility problems and increased weight. This paper presents a [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array based on RF MEMS switches. The modeling script of [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array is written in MATLAB by using MATLAB-HFSS-API. In order to quickly get a switch array with target frequency, genetic algorithm is applied to [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array. Taking the [Formula: see text] reconfigurable antenna array as an example, a switch array with the resonant frequency of 3.81 GHz is searched from its 4096 switch arrays. The switch array found by genetic algorithm is 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0. The resonant frequency and S11 parameter of this switch array is 3.81 GHz and −20.96 dB. The search takes 6.77 h and the efficiency is 17 times of the simulating all switch arrays.

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18

Grant, Nolan, Mahdi Haghzadeh y Alkim Akyurtlu. "Fully Printed Static Gain Reconfigurable Conformal Patch Antenna Arrays". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2017): 000604–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-tha44_114.

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Abstract This work presents design and fabrication processes for creating statically gain-reconfigurable conformal patch array antennas. In our previous work, a fully printable and conformal antenna array on a flexible substrate with a new Left-Handed Transmission Line (LHTL) phase shifter based on a Barium Strontium Titanate (BST)/polymer composite was computationally studied for radiation pattern correction and beam steering applications. In this work, additive manufacturing techniques were used to experimentally demonstrate the phase compensation needed to improve the degraded performance of the conformal arrays. An Aerosol Jet direct-write printer was used to print several patch antenna arrays and was tested in an anechoic chamber to establish baseline gain metrics. Once a baseline is established, a high dielectric constant material (BST nano-ink) was dispensed onto the IDCs in several configurations, to provide the necessary phase compensation. The antennas were retested and the changes in their gain profiles were investigated. The findings of this work and the proposed method allow for gain compensation of curved conformal antennas and post-production modification of the radiation pattern of antenna arrays. This work has potential applications in the automotive industry due to the low cost of production and the ability to be integrated onto curved conformal surfaces without interfering with super structure or other mechanical design related criteria.

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19

Ogurtsov, Stanislav, Diego Caratelli y Zhe Song. "A Review of Synthesis Techniques for Phased Antenna Arrays in Wireless Communications and Remote Sensing". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (27 de septiembre de 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514972.

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Electronically controlled antenna arrays, such as reconfigurable and phased antenna arrays, are essential elements of high-frequency 5G communication hardware. These antenna arrays are aimed at delivering specified communication scenarios and channel characteristics in the mm-wave parts of the 5G spectrum. At the same time, several challenges are associated with the development of such antenna structures, and these challenges mainly originate from their intended mass production, contemporary manufacturing technologies, integration with active RF chains, compact size, dense circuitry, and limitations in postmanufacturing tuning. Consequently, 5G antenna array designers are presented with contradictory design requirements and constraints. Furthermore, these designers need to handle large numbers of designable parameters of the antenna array models, which can be computationally expensive, especially for repetitive and adaptive simulations that are required in design optimization and tuning. Antenna array synthesis, namely, the process of finding positions, orientation, and excitation of the array radiators, is a challenging yet crucial part of antenna array development. This process ensures that the performance requirements of the antenna array are met. Therefore, there is a need for reliable yet fast automated computer-aided design (CAD) and synthesis tools that can support the development of 5G antenna array solutions, from the initial prototyping stage to the final manufacturing tolerance analysis. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in antenna array synthesis from the viewpoint of their applicability to the design of electronically reconfigurable and phased antenna arrays for wireless communications and remote sensing.

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20

Yong, Siwen y Jennifer T. Bernhard. "Reconfigurable Null Scanning Antenna With Three Dimensional Null Steer". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, n.º 3 (marzo de 2013): 1063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2227101.

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21

Sayeed, Akbar M. y Vasanthan Raghavan. "Maximizing MIMO Capacity in Sparse Multipath With Reconfigurable Antenna Arrays". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 1, n.º 1 (junio de 2007): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2007.897057.

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22

Comisso, Massimiliano, Giulia Buttazzoni y Roberto Vescovo. "Reconfigurable Antenna Arrays with Multiple Requirements: A Versatile 3D Approach". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6752108.

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This paper proposes a deterministic method for the 3D synthesis of antenna arrays that jointly accounts for far-field pattern reconfigurability, polarization setting, dynamic range ratio reduction, and near-field control. The conceived algorithm, which generalizes some existing solutions, relies on a weighted cost function, whose iterative minimization is accomplished by properly derived closed-form expressions. This feature, combined with the possibility of selecting the weighting parameters, provides a fast and versatile approach, whose capabilities are numerically checked by considering different synthesis problems and array structures in the presence of mutual coupling.

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23

Tsai, Jia-Fu y Jeen-Sheen Row. "Balun-feed reconfigurable antenna applied for broadband switched beam arrays". Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, n.º 4 (24 de febrero de 2016): 748–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29667.

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24

Suresh, Vidhyashree, Aishika Bhattacharjee y Kirubaveni Savarimuthu. "Dual-Layer Beamscanning Reflectarray Antenna Operating at Ku-Band". JOURNAL OF HIGH-FREQUENCY COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES 01, n.º 01 (13 de febrero de 2023): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.58399/sulr8973.

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This paper presents a beam scanning electronically reconfigurable reflectarray configuration for Ku-band applications using a single varactor diode. A 15×15 center-fed reconfigurable reflectarray antenna is designed consisting of 225 octagonal shaped unit cells. The proposed tunable element has a unit cell size of 9.8 mm, developed on a 1.575 mm thick Taconic TLY-5 substrate. A single varactor diode is integrated with the tunable element to produce a reflection phase variation of 340° at 14.1 GHz. In this work, both the varactor and biasing circuit are placed beneath the substrate to avoid unexpected reflections, which leads to achieving a pencil beam of 8.1° beamwidth. The simulation results of the reconfigurable reflectarray antenna (RRA) shows good beam-scanning radiation performance of scanning range ±30° and a peak gain of 27.6 dBi. This structure provides a convenient solution for Ku-band distinctive applications like uplink operation in the direct broadcast satellite system, digital video broadcasting, earth exploration satellites, space research satellites, and defense systems.

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25

Sodré Junior, Arismar Cerqueira, Igor Feliciano da Costa, Leandro Tiago Manera y José Alexandre Diniz. "Optically Controlled Reconfigurable Antenna Array Based on E-Shaped Elements". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/750208.

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This work presents the development of optically controlled reconfigurable antenna arrays. They are based on two patch elements with E-shaped slots, a printed probe, and a photoconductive switch made from an intrinsic silicon die. Numerical simulations and experiments have been shown to be in agreement, and both demonstrate that the frequency response of the antenna arrays can be efficiently reconfigured over two different frequency ISM bands, namely, 2.4 and 5 GHz. A measured gain of 12.5 dBi has been obtained through the use of two radiating elements printed in a low-cost substrate and a dihedral corner reflector.

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26

Yang, Liang, Cheng Lu, Xiao Li, Leilei Liu y Xiaoxing Yin. "A Horizontal Azimuth Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna Using Omnidirectional Microstrip Arrays for WLAN Application". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (25 de febrero de 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8183153.

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A horizontal azimuth pattern-reconfigurable antenna with configurable parasitic element arrays for WLAN applications is proposed in this paper. It consists of a control board, a central series-fed omnidirectional microstrip array, four configurable parasitic elements, a bottom conducting plate, and a top supporting plate. The omnidirectional microstrip array is adopted as an exciter, around which the four same parasitic element arrays are arranged at four corners. The p-i-n diodes as switches are placed between the parasitic element arrays and the conducting plate to control the fifteen radiation patterns of the proposed antenna. The parasitic element arrays are configured as reflectors or directors by switching the p-i-n diodes on or off. The bandwidth achieved ranges from 5.00 GHz to 5.27 GHz. A gain of 8.52 dBi is obtained when the antenna reaches the maximum gain in the H-plane at 5.2 GHz. Good agreements between the simulated and measured results were observed. The proposed parasitic structure which has the same structure with the driven element can enhance the horizontal azimuth gain of the antenna. Only 4 p-i-n diodes are used to produce up to 15 useful beam configurations with a gain range of 4.56-8.52 dBi at the horizontal azimuth.

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27

Cheng, Chih-Chieh y Abbas Abbaspour-Tamijani. "Study of 2-bit Antenna–Filter–Antenna Elements for Reconfigurable Millimeter-Wave Lens Arrays". IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2006): 4498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2006.885993.

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28

Mi, Jian, Kan Wang, Zhao Li y Hongbing Sun. "Practical Noise Model of an Active Electronically Scanning Array". International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2023 (16 de enero de 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1633484.

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Active electronically scanning arrays are now widely used in radar and communication systems. The noise characteristics are critical to the system signal-to-noise ratio, thus modeling of the antenna array noise is useful. In this paper, a two-port noise model of an active electronically scanning array is presented, which is more practical than the model in previous publications. In this model, an antenna array with a multistage combiner network is equivalent to a one-stage combiner network, thus the calculation of the noise figure is greatly simplified. Since the model is based on measurable parameters, it can be applied directly to the design of electronically scanning arrays. The noise model of a spaceborne synthetic aperture radar antenna system is displayed for example. Some useful conclusions are got about the noise figure for tapered antenna arrays. For a weighted antenna array with taper efficiency εT, if the gain of low noise amplifiers is sufficiently large, the noise figure of the antenna array is increased by 1/εT, compared to a uniformly weighted array. Besides, the deterioration of the signal-to-noise ratio for a tapered antenna array system originates from the increase of antenna noise temperature, rather than the decrease of antenna aperture gain.

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29

Piazza, Daniele, John Kountouriotis, Michele D'Amico y Kapil R. Dandekar. "A technique for antenna configuration selection for reconfigurable circular patch arrays". IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 8, n.º 3 (marzo de 2009): 1456–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2008.080212.

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30

GAO, Jun-jun, Jian-hua ZHANG y Xiao-feng TAO. "Mutual information assessment of LOS MIMO systems with reconfigurable antenna arrays". Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 20, n.º 5 (octubre de 2013): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1005-8885(13)60089-8.

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31

Boskovic, Nikola, Branka Jokanovic y Aleksandar Nesic. "Frequency scanning antenna arrays with pentagonal dipoles of different impedances". Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 12, n.º 1 (2015): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1501099b.

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In this work we present the benefits of using pentagonal dipoles as radiating elements instead of classical printed dipoles in the design of frequency scanning antenna arrays. We investigate how impedance of pentagonal dipoles, which can be changed in a wide range, influences the overall characteristics of the uniform antenna array. Some very important antenna characteristics such as side lobe level, gain and scanning angle are compared for three different antenna arrays consisting of identical pentagonal dipoles with impedances of 500 ?, 1000 ? and 1500 ?.

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32

Zouhdi, Zakaria, Badreddine Ratni y Shah Nawaz Burokur. "Electronic Beam-Scanning Antenna Based on a Reconfigurable Phase-Modulated Metasurface". Sensors 22, n.º 13 (1 de julio de 2022): 4990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134990.

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Metasurfaces (MSs) have enabled the emergence of new ideas and solutions in the design of antennas and for the control of electromagnetic waves. In this work, we propose to design a directional high-gain reconfigurable planar antenna based on a phase-modulated metasurface. Reconfigurability is achieved by integrating varactor diodes into the elementary meta-atoms composing the metasurface. As a proof of concept, a metasurface prototype that operates around 5 GHz is designed and fabricated to be tested in an antenna configuration. The metasurface is flexibly controlled by different bias voltages applied to the varactor diodes, thus allowing the user to control its phase characteristics. By assigning judiciously calculated phase profiles to the metasurface illuminated by a feeding primary source, different scenarios of far-field patterns can be considered. Different phase profiles are tested, allowing us to, firstly, achieve a highly directive boresight radiation and, secondly, to steer the main radiated beam towards an off-normal direction. The whole design process is verified by numerical simulations and is validated experimentally by far-field antenna measurements. The proposed metasurface enables the design of directive flat antennas with beam-scanning characteristics without complex feeding systems and power-consuming phase shifters, and thus provides potential interests for next generation antenna hardware.

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33

Donelli, Massimo. "Reconfigurable Antenna Systems for the Next Generation Devices Based on 4G/5G Standard". International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies 7, n.º 2 (julio de 2017): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicst.2017070103.

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This article is devoted to showing the applications of innovative reconfigurable antenna systems suitable for the next generation 4G/5G devices. Microwave antenna technology can be very useful for next generation devices based on 4G/5G standards. Next generation tablets and smartphones based on 4G/5G standards will require high bandwidth and high velocity channels with respect to conventional devices. This work tries to present a complete overview of possible applications of advanced antenna technologies for 4G/5G devices and systems. Methodologies, such as phased and fully adaptive arrays, multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antennas based on compact Rotman lenses or butler matrices, development of innovate reconfigurable antennas based on reconfigurable parasitic structures or new materials such as graphene, and unconventional modulation techniques have been investigated in this work. The work ends with some conclusions and considerations related to ideas for future works.

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34

Boskovic, Nikola, Branka Jokanovic y Vera Markovic. "Frequency scanning antenna arrays with metamaterial based phased shifters". Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 32, n.º 3 (2019): 449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee1903449b.

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This paper presents a simple design of linear series-fed frequency scanning antenna arrays with: (a) identical rectangular dipoles and (b) pentagonal dipoles having different impedances to provide enhanced side lobe suppression. Phase shifters are designed as a metamaterial unit cell consisting of split-ring resonators coupled with the parallel microstrip line. Shifter models variations are described and control of phase is demonstrated. Two antenna arrays are manufactured and measured.

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35

Pozar, D. M. "Scanning characteristics of infinite arrays of printed antenna subarrays". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 40, n.º 6 (junio de 1992): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/8.144601.

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36

Buttazzoni, Giulia, Fulvio Babich, Francesca Vatta y Massimiliano Comisso. "Low-Complexity Phase-Only Scanning by Aperiodic Antenna Arrays". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, n.º 5 (mayo de 2019): 966–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2019.2906733.

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37

Alam, Md Shahidul, Yifan Wang, Nghia Nguyen-Trong y Amin Abbosh. "Compact Circular Reconfigurable Antenna for High Directivity and 360° Beam Scanning". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, n.º 8 (agosto de 2018): 1492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2018.2850857.

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38

Chen, Shu-Lin, Debabrata K. Karmokar, Pei-Yuan Qin, Richard W. Ziolkowski y Y. Jay Guo. "Polarization-Reconfigurable Leaky-Wave Antenna With Continuous Beam Scanning Through Broadside". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 68, n.º 1 (enero de 2020): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2935122.

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39

Serhsouh, Imane, Mohamed Himdi, Hassan Lebbar y Hamsakutty Vettikalladi. "Reconfigurable SIW Antenna for Fixed Frequency Beam Scanning and 5G Applications". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 60084–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2983001.

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40

Wang, G., R. Bairavasubramanian, B. Pan y J. Papapolymerou. "Radiofrequency MEMS-enabled polarisation-reconfigurable antenna arrays on multilayer liquid crystal polymer". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 5, n.º 13 (2011): 1594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2011.0029.

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41

Ding, Kaicheng, Lei Sun y Daqun Yu. "A Dual-Band Shared-Aperture Antenna Array Design". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2419, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2023): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2419/1/012034.

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Abstract Aiming at solving the difficult problem of shared-aperture integration of dual-band antenna arrays, the research of P-band/S-band shared-aperture antenna arrays is carried out, focusing on the design of broadband wide-angle scanning, planarization, miniaturization, and low-profile of the two-band shared-aperture antenna arrays. And certain work is carried out for the shared-aperture antennas in terms of the improvement of isolation and suppression of the blocking effect. The simulation results of the antenna model show that this antenna works well and can meet the specification requirements.

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42

Mirmozafari, Mirhamed, Zongtang Zhang, Meng Gao, Jiahao Zhao, Mohammad Mahdi Honari, John H. Booske y Nader Behdad. "Mechanically Reconfigurable, Beam-Scanning Reflectarray and Transmitarray Antennas: A Review". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 15 (27 de julio de 2021): 6890. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11156890.

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We review mechanically reconfigurable reflectarray (RA) and transmitarray (TA) antennas. We categorize the proposed approaches into three major groups followed by a hybrid category that is made up of a combination of the three major approaches. We discuss the examples in each category and compare their performance metrics including aperture efficiency, gain, bandwidth and scanning range and resolution. We also identify opportunities to build upon or extend these demonstrated approaches to realize further advances in antenna performance.

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43

Kedar, Ashutosh. "Deterministic Synthesis of Wide Scanning Sparse Concentric Ring Antenna Arrays". IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 67, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2019): 7387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2019.2935094.

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44

Tiedje, Henry F., Daryoosh Saeedkia, Michael Nagel y Harold K. Haugen. "Optical Scanning Techniques for Characterization of Terahertz Photoconductive Antenna Arrays". IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 58, n.º 7 (julio de 2010): 2040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2010.2050388.

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45

Yurtsev, O. A. y A. A. Popov. "ULTRA-WIDEBAND SCANNING ANTENNA ARRAY WIRE EMITTERS". Doklady BGUIR, n.º 7-8 (29 de diciembre de 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2019-126-8-5-12.

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The aim of the work is to determine the properties of the ultra-wideband scanning antenna array of wire emitters. A single element of the grid is a three-dimensional antenna Vivaldi. Numerical simulation of antenna arrays and single Vivaldi emitters was carried out by the method of integral equations in the thin-wire approximation using the original program and the MMANA program. The dimensions of all elements of a single emitter are determined by the criterion of matching and the shape of the radiation pattern for operation in the frequency range 2–18 GHz. The described variant of the antenna according to the matching criterion (SWR < 2) has a frequency overlap coefficient of 12. The narrowing of the frequency band of a single emitter in the composition of non-scanning and scanning gratings within the angle of 30 degrees is determined. The article deals with the range properties of antenna arrays depending on the parameters of the emitters and the possibility of phase scanning. It is shown that the greatest frequency band in agreement has a lattice with a minimum step of placement of emitters. In a flat antenna array, when scanning in the H-plane, the frequency band according to the matching criterion decreases by 2–3 times. It is shown that the linear lattice without scanning has a frequency overlap coefficient equal to 6 according to the criterion of matching emitters. This ratio decreases as the phase scan sector increases. In a flat lattice, the frequency overlap coefficient and the phase scan sector are smaller than in a linear lattice and decrease with the number of rows. The reduced antenna array has a number of design advantages and can be used in systems with ultra-wideband signals.

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46

Chepala, Anil, Vincent Fusco, Umair Naeem y Adrian McKernan. "Uniform Linear Antenna Array Beamsteering Based on Phase-Locked Loops". Electronics 12, n.º 4 (4 de febrero de 2023): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040780.

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Phased arrays are extensively used in many modern beam-scanning applications such as radar and satellite communications. Electronic beam scanning makes phased arrays an important aspect of modern antenna array systems. This Tutorial aims to promote the basic understanding of the principle and operation of a phased array to general undergraduate students. This paper starts with a discussion on the theory of operation and some basic definitions of antenna parameters followed by derivations of two-element and N-element array patterns and, finally, a five-element array design. The essential hardware based on Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) as phase controllable RF sources required to build an array and the basic tools required for software and measurement set-up to demonstrate the beam-scanning phased array operation are presented. This enables students to quickly understand and set-up an experiment to verify the phased array operation with commercial off-the-shelf components. In addition, the hardware and software necessary for autonomous control are discussed. By combining basic concepts of phase arrays with a series of simple coding and intuitive laboratory experiments, students can easily understand the Uniform Linear Array (ULA) scanning operation.

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47

Alam, Md Shahidul y Amin Abbosh. "A Compact Reconfigurable Antenna With Wide Tunable Frequency and 360° Beam Scanning". IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 18, n.º 1 (enero de 2019): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2018.2869753.

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48

Khairnar, Vikas V., Bhushan V. Kadam, C. K. Ramesha y Lucy J. Gudino. "A reconfigurable parasitic antenna with continuous beam scanning capability in H-plane". AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 88 (mayo de 2018): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2018.02.014.

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49

Sabapathy, Thennarasan, Mohd Faizal Bin Jamlos, Raad Badlishah Ahmad, Muzammil Jusoh, Mohd Ilman Jais y Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin. "ELECTRONICALLY RECONFIGURABLE BEAM STEERING ANTENNA USING EMBEDDED RF PIN BASED PARASITIC ARRAYS (ERPPA)". Progress In Electromagnetics Research 140 (2013): 241–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pier13042906.

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50

Chang, D. C., B. H. Zeng y J. C. Liu. "Reconfigurable angular diversity antenna with quad corner reflector arrays for 2.4 GHz applications". IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 3, n.º 3 (2009): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2008.0119.

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