Literatura académica sobre el tema "Real isolated points"

AbstractA generically embedded real submanifold of codimension two in a complex manifold has isolated complex points that can be classified as either elliptic or hyperbolic. In this paper we show that a pair consisting of one elliptic and one hyperbolic complex point of the same sign can be cancelled by a $\mathcal {C}^{0}$small isotopy of embeddings.

AbstractThe only stable singularities of a real map-germ $f:{\mathbb R} ^n\to{\mathbb R} ^{2n}$ are isolated transverse double-points. All ${{\cal A}}$-simple germs f have a deformation with the maximal number d(f) of real double-points (this is a partial generalization to higher n of the result of A'Campo [1] and Gusein-Zade [13] that all plane curve-germs have a deformation with δ real double points, with the extra hypothesis of ${{\cal A}}$-simplicity). The proof of this result is based on a classification of all ${{\cal A}}$-simple orbits.

Existing Nonlinear Anisotropic Diffusion (NAD) methods in image smoothing cannot obtain satisfied results near singularities and isolated points because of the discretization errors. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, named Enclosed Laplacian Operator of Nonlinear Anisotropic Diffusion (ELONAD), which allows us to provide a unified framework for points in flat regions, edge points and corners, even can delete isolated points and spurs. ELONAD extends two diffusion directions of classical NAD to eight or more enclosed directions. Thus it not only performs NAD according to modules of enclosed directions which can reduce the influence of traction errors greatly, but also distinguishes isolated points and small spurs from corners which must be preserved. Smoothing results for test patterns and real images using different discretization schemes are also given to test and verify our discussions.

We initiate the study of a class of real plane algebraic curves which we call expressive. These are the curves whose defining polynomial has the smallest number of critical points allowed by the topology of the set of real points of a curve. This concept can be viewed as a global version of the notion of a real morsification of an isolated plane curve singularity. We prove that a plane curve C C is expressive if (a) each irreducible component of C C can be parametrized by real polynomials (either ordinary or trigonometric), (b) all singular points of C C in the affine plane are ordinary hyperbolic nodes, and (c) the set of real points of C C in the affine plane is connected. Conversely, an expressive curve with real irreducible components must satisfy conditions (a)–(c), unless it exhibits some exotic behaviour at infinity. We describe several constructions that produce expressive curves, and discuss a large number of examples, including: arrangements of lines, parabolas, and circles; Chebyshev and Lissajous curves; hypotrochoids and epitrochoids; and much more.

AbstractWe give a generalisation of the duality of a zero-dimensional complete intersection for the case of one-dimensional almost complete intersections, which results in a Gorenstein module M = I/J. In the real case the resulting pairing has a signature, which we show to be constant under flat deformations. In the special case of a non-isolated real hypersurface singularity f, with a one-dimensional critical locus, we relate the signature on the Jacobian module I/Jf to the Euler characteristic of the positive and negative Milnor fibre, generalising the result for isolated critical points. An application to real curves in ℙ2(ℝ) of even degree is given.

This article introduces a novel adaptive competitive self-organizing (ACS) model, with applicability for real-time clustering and vector quantization. An important feature of this model is its dynamic structure and self-adjusting parameters that also offers a solution to the problem of parasitic limit points and consequently in more accurate label assignments. This unsupervised classifier is free of any external control mechanism. Its self-organizing (SO) dynamic is governed by the gradient descent (GD) theory in cooperation with a competition mechanism based on Lotka–Volterra competitive exclusion. The core algorithm of this classifier is based on developing an energy function, where its minima or equilibrium points correspond to the centroid of similar input patterns. Since this energy function is a form of Lyapunov function, it guarantees stabilization of the dynamical trajectories of labels in finite numbers of isolated equilibrium points. This energy function along with other control parameter functions, then, will be the base for the set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) describing the overall dynamic of our system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed ACS model is demonstrated by implementing it on both real and artificial data sets as well as comparing with other well-known clustering methods. ACS method showed a better clustering performance in some categories and an overall comparable rendition.

Abstract We characterize the uniform convergence points set of a pointwisely convergent sequence of real-valued functions defined on a perfectly normal space. We prove that if X is a perfectly normal space which can be covered by a disjoint sequence of dense subsets and A ⊆ X, then A is the set of points of the uniform convergence for some convergent sequence (fn ) n∈ω of functions fn : X → ℝ if and only if A is Gδ -set which contains all isolated points of X. This result generalizes a theorem of Ján Borsík published in 2019.

Abstract: The global qualitative behaviour of fields of principal directions for the graph of a real-valued polynomial function f on the plane is studied. We determine and analyse the projective extension of these fields and show that they are defined by an analytic quadratic form on the whole unit 2-sphere. We prove that every umbilic point at infinity of this extension has a Poincaré-Hopf index equal to 1/2, and the topological type of a Lemon when the degree of f is 2 and the topological type of a Monstar for higher degrees. As a consequence, we prove a Poincaré-Hopf type formula for the graph of f such that, if all umbilics are isolated, the sum of all indices of the principal directions at umbilic points depends only upon the number of real linear factors of the homogeneous part of highest degree of f . A similar analysis is carried out in the case of f being a homogeneous polynomial.

La résolution de systèmes polynomiaux est un domaine de recherche actif situé entre informatique et mathématiques. Il trouve de nombreuses applications dans divers domaines des sciences de l'ingénieur (robotique, biologie) et du numérique (cryptographie, imagerie, contrôle optimal). Le calcul formel fournit des algorithmes qui permettent de calculer des solutions exactes à ces applications, ce qui pourraient être très délicat pour des algorithmes numériques en raison de la non-linéarité. La plupart des applications en ingénierie s'intéressent aux solutions réelles. Le développement d'algorithmes permettant de les traiter s'appuie sur les concepts de la géométrie réelle effective ; la classe des ensembles semi-algébriques en constituant les objets de base. Cette thèse se concentre sur trois problèmes ci-dessous, qui apparaissent dans de nombreuses applications et sont largement étudié en calcul formel : - Classifier les solutions réelles d'un système polynomial paramétrique par les valeurs des paramètres; - Élimination de quantificateurs; - Calcul des points isolés d'un ensemble semi-algébrique. Nous concevons de nouveaux algorithmes symboliques avec une meilleure complexité que l'état de l'art. En pratique, nos implémentations efficaces de ces algorithmes sont capables de résoudre des problèmes hors d'atteinte des logiciels de l'état de l'art
Solving polynomial systems is an active research area located between computer sciences and mathematics. It finds many applications in various fields of engineering and sciences (robotics, biology, cryptography, imaging, optimal control). In symbolic computation, one studies and designs efficient algorithms that compute exact solutions to those applications, which could be very delicate for numerical methods because of the non-linearity of the given systems. Most applications in engineering are interested in the real solutions to the system. The development of algorithms to deal with polynomial systems over the reals is based on the concepts of effective real algebraic geometry in which the class of semi-algebraic sets constitute the main objects. This thesis focuses on three problems below, which appear in many applications and are widely studied in computer algebra and effective real algebraic geometry: - Classify the real solutions of a parametric polynomial system according to the parameters' value; - Elimination of quantifiers; - Computation of the isolated points of a semi-algebraic set. We designed new symbolic algorithms with better complexity than the state-of-the-art. In practice, our efficient implementations of these algorithms are capable of solving applications beyond the reach of the state-of-the-art software

This chapter poses the question of the conditions under which dance is inscribed on the Western stage. From the point of view of general anthropology, the history of choreography as such extends only over a few pages. Choreographic history isolates a relatively recent—and probably distinctively Western—institution against a background murmur of millennia of festivals, trance, apotropical rituals, and cures for the possessed. Choreographic spectacle separates dances from their social or religious effects, depriving the participant of any real involvement with what they see. This Western invention is what this chapter aims to outline, in all the ambivalence of its origins—origins which can be identified as Greek.

This chapter turns to the scientific imaginary as it appears in the realm of art. It asserts that art has very often sought either to parody science or to diminish its claims to truth. Within this important post-Romantic strain of critique, this chapter isolates another voice that has sought to find a common imaginative ground between art and science. The chapter begins with Alfred Jarry's inauguration of the “science of 'Pataphysics” and ends with the literary refraction of Jarry's Gedankenexperimenten in the work of the Oulipo. The latter, in which the terms of art and criticism are uniquely joined, informs algorithmic criticism's emphasis on the liberating forces of (computationally enforced) constraint. Moreover, the chapter argues that this important modernist genealogy points to the primacy of pattern as the basic hermeneutical function that unites art, science, and criticism.

Nationalism: Past as Prologue began as a single volume being compiled by Ad Akande, a scholar from South Africa, who proposed it to me as co-author about two years ago. The original idea was to examine how the damaging roots of nationalism have been corroding political systems around the world, and creating dangerous obstacles for necessary international cooperation. Since I (Bruce E. Johansen) has written profusely about climate change (global warming, a.k.a. infrared forcing), I suggested a concerted effort in that direction. This is a worldwide existential threat that affects every living thing on Earth. It often compounds upon itself, so delays in reducing emissions of fossil fuels are shortening the amount of time remaining to eliminate the use of fossil fuels to preserve a livable planet. Nationalism often impedes solutions to this problem (among many others), as nations place their singular needs above the common good. Our initial proposal got around, and abstracts on many subjects arrived. Within a few weeks, we had enough good material for a 100,000-word book. The book then fattened to two moderate volumes and then to four two very hefty tomes. We tried several different titles as good submissions swelled. We also discovered that our best contributors were experts in their fields, which ranged the world. We settled on three stand-alone books:” 1/ nationalism and racial justice. Our first volume grew as the growth of Black Lives Matter following the brutal killing of George Floyd ignited protests over police brutality and other issues during 2020, following the police assassination of Floyd in Minneapolis. It is estimated that more people took part in protests of police brutality during the summer of 2020 than any other series of marches in United States history. This includes upheavals during the 1960s over racial issues and against the war in Southeast Asia (notably Vietnam). We choose a volume on racism because it is one of nationalism’s main motive forces. This volume provides a worldwide array of work on nationalism’s growth in various countries, usually by authors residing in them, or in the United States with ethnic ties to the nation being examined, often recent immigrants to the United States from them. Our roster of contributors comprises a small United Nations of insightful, well-written research and commentary from Indonesia, New Zealand, Australia, China, India, South Africa, France, Portugal, Estonia, Hungary, Russia, Poland, Kazakhstan, Georgia, and the United States. Volume 2 (this one) describes and analyzes nationalism, by country, around the world, except for the United States; and 3/material directly related to President Donald Trump, and the United States. The first volume is under consideration at the Texas A & M University Press. The other two are under contract to Nova Science Publishers (which includes social sciences). These three volumes may be used individually or as a set. Environmental material is taken up in appropriate places in each of the three books. * * * * * What became the United States of America has been strongly nationalist since the English of present-day Massachusetts and Jamestown first hit North America’s eastern shores. The country propelled itself across North America with the self-serving ideology of “manifest destiny” for four centuries before Donald Trump came along. Anyone who believes that a Trumpian affection for deportation of “illegals” is a new thing ought to take a look at immigration and deportation statistics in Adam Goodman’s The Deportation Machine: America’s Long History of Deporting Immigrants (Princeton University Press, 2020). Between 1920 and 2018, the United States deported 56.3 million people, compared with 51.7 million who were granted legal immigration status during the same dates. Nearly nine of ten deportees were Mexican (Nolan, 2020, 83). This kind of nationalism, has become an assassin of democracy as well as an impediment to solving global problems. Paul Krugman wrote in the New York Times (2019:A-25): that “In their 2018 book, How Democracies Die, the political scientists Steven Levitsky and Daniel Ziblatt documented how this process has played out in many countries, from Vladimir Putin’s Russia, to Recep Erdogan’s Turkey, to Viktor Orban’s Hungary. Add to these India’s Narendra Modi, China’s Xi Jinping, and the United States’ Donald Trump, among others. Bit by bit, the guardrails of democracy have been torn down, as institutions meant to serve the public became tools of ruling parties and self-serving ideologies, weaponized to punish and intimidate opposition parties’ opponents. On paper, these countries are still democracies; in practice, they have become one-party regimes….And it’s happening here [the United States] as we speak. If you are not worried about the future of American democracy, you aren’t paying attention” (Krugmam, 2019, A-25). We are reminded continuously that the late Carl Sagan, one of our most insightful scientific public intellectuals, had an interesting theory about highly developed civilizations. Given the number of stars and planets that must exist in the vast reaches of the universe, he said, there must be other highly developed and organized forms of life. Distance may keep us from making physical contact, but Sagan said that another reason we may never be on speaking terms with another intelligent race is (judging from our own example) could be their penchant for destroying themselves in relatively short order after reaching technological complexity. This book’s chapters, introduction, and conclusion examine the worldwide rise of partisan nationalism and the damage it has wrought on the worldwide pursuit of solutions for issues requiring worldwide scope, such scientific co-operation public health and others, mixing analysis of both. We use both historical description and analysis. This analysis concludes with a description of why we must avoid the isolating nature of nationalism that isolates people and encourages separation if we are to deal with issues of world-wide concern, and to maintain a sustainable, survivable Earth, placing the dominant political movement of our time against the Earth’s existential crises. Our contributors, all experts in their fields, each have assumed responsibility for a country, or two if they are related. This work entwines themes of worldwide concern with the political growth of nationalism because leaders with such a worldview are disinclined to co-operate internationally at a time when nations must find ways to solve common problems, such as the climate crisis. Inability to cooperate at this stage may doom everyone, eventually, to an overheated, stormy future plagued by droughts and deluges portending shortages of food and other essential commodities, meanwhile destroying large coastal urban areas because of rising sea levels. Future historians may look back at our time and wonder why as well as how our world succumbed to isolating nationalism at a time when time was so short for cooperative intervention which is crucial for survival of a sustainable earth. Pride in language and culture is salubrious to individuals’ sense of history and identity. Excess nationalism that prevents international co-operation on harmful worldwide maladies is quite another. As Pope Francis has pointed out: For all of our connectivity due to expansion of social media, ability to communicate can breed contempt as well as mutual trust. “For all our hyper-connectivity,” said Francis, “We witnessed a fragmentation that made it more difficult to resolve problems that affect us all” (Horowitz, 2020, A-12). The pope’s encyclical, titled “Brothers All,” also said: “The forces of myopic, extremist, resentful, and aggressive nationalism are on the rise.” The pope’s document also advocates support for migrants, as well as resistance to nationalist and tribal populism. Francis broadened his critique to the role of market capitalism, as well as nationalism has failed the peoples of the world when they need co-operation and solidarity in the face of the world-wide corona virus pandemic. Humankind needs to unite into “a new sense of the human family [Fratelli Tutti, “Brothers All”], that rejects war at all costs” (Pope, 2020, 6-A). Our journey takes us first to Russia, with the able eye and honed expertise of Richard D. Anderson, Jr. who teaches as UCLA and publishes on the subject of his chapter: “Putin, Russian identity, and Russia’s conduct at home and abroad.” Readers should find Dr. Anderson’s analysis fascinating because Vladimir Putin, the singular leader of Russian foreign and domestic policy these days (and perhaps for the rest of his life, given how malleable Russia’s Constitution has become) may be a short man physically, but has high ambitions. One of these involves restoring the old Russian (and Soviet) empire, which would involve re-subjugating a number of nations that broke off as the old order dissolved about 30 years ago. President (shall we say czar?) Putin also has international ambitions, notably by destabilizing the United States, where election meddling has become a specialty. The sight of Putin and U.S. president Donald Trump, two very rich men (Putin $70-$200 billion; Trump $2.5 billion), nuzzling in friendship would probably set Thomas Jefferson and Vladimir Lenin spinning in their graves. The road of history can take some unanticipated twists and turns. Consider Poland, from which we have an expert native analysis in chapter 2, Bartosz Hlebowicz, who is a Polish anthropologist and journalist. His piece is titled “Lawless and Unjust: How to Quickly Make Your Own Country a Puppet State Run by a Group of Hoodlums – the Hopeless Case of Poland (2015–2020).” When I visited Poland to teach and lecture twice between 2006 and 2008, most people seemed to be walking on air induced by freedom to conduct their own affairs to an unusual degree for a state usually squeezed between nationalists in Germany and Russia. What did the Poles then do in a couple of decades? Read Hlebowicz’ chapter and decide. It certainly isn’t soft-bellied liberalism. In Chapter 3, with Bruce E. Johansen, we visit China’s western provinces, the lands of Tibet as well as the Uighurs and other Muslims in the Xinjiang region, who would most assuredly resent being characterized as being possessed by the Chinese of the Han to the east. As a student of Native American history, I had never before thought of the Tibetans and Uighurs as Native peoples struggling against the Independence-minded peoples of a land that is called an adjunct of China on most of our maps. The random act of sitting next to a young woman on an Air India flight out of Hyderabad, bound for New Delhi taught me that the Tibetans had something to share with the Lakota, the Iroquois, and hundreds of other Native American states and nations in North America. Active resistance to Chinese rule lasted into the mid-nineteenth century, and continues today in a subversive manner, even in song, as I learned in 2018 when I acted as a foreign adjudicator on a Ph.D. dissertation by a Tibetan student at the University of Madras (in what is now in a city called Chennai), in southwestern India on resistance in song during Tibet’s recent history. Tibet is one of very few places on Earth where a young dissident can get shot to death for singing a song that troubles China’s Quest for Lebensraum. The situation in Xinjiang region, where close to a million Muslims have been interned in “reeducation” camps surrounded with brick walls and barbed wire. They sing, too. Come with us and hear the music. Back to Europe now, in Chapter 4, to Portugal and Spain, we find a break in the general pattern of nationalism. Portugal has been more progressive governmentally than most. Spain varies from a liberal majority to military coups, a pattern which has been exported to Latin America. A situation such as this can make use of the term “populism” problematic, because general usage in our time usually ties the word into a right-wing connotative straightjacket. “Populism” can be used to describe progressive (left-wing) insurgencies as well. José Pinto, who is native to Portugal and also researches and writes in Spanish as well as English, in “Populism in Portugal and Spain: a Real Neighbourhood?” provides insight into these historical paradoxes. Hungary shares some historical inclinations with Poland (above). Both emerged from Soviet dominance in an air of developing freedom and multicultural diversity after the Berlin Wall fell and the Soviet Union collapsed. Then, gradually at first, right wing-forces began to tighten up, stripping structures supporting popular freedom, from the courts, mass media, and other institutions. In Chapter 5, Bernard Tamas, in “From Youth Movement to Right-Liberal Wing Authoritarianism: The Rise of Fidesz and the Decline of Hungarian Democracy” puts the renewed growth of political and social repression into a context of worldwide nationalism. Tamas, an associate professor of political science at Valdosta State University, has been a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University and a Fulbright scholar at the Central European University in Budapest, Hungary. His books include From Dissident to Party Politics: The Struggle for Democracy in Post-Communist Hungary (2007). Bear in mind that not everyone shares Orbán’s vision of what will make this nation great, again. On graffiti-covered walls in Budapest, Runes (traditional Hungarian script) has been found that read “Orbán is a motherfucker” (Mikanowski, 2019, 58). Also in Europe, in Chapter 6, Professor Ronan Le Coadic, of the University of Rennes, Rennes, France, in “Is There a Revival of French Nationalism?” Stating this title in the form of a question is quite appropriate because France’s nationalistic shift has built and ebbed several times during the last few decades. For a time after 2000, it came close to assuming the role of a substantial minority, only to ebb after that. In 2017, the candidate of the National Front reached the second round of the French presidential election. This was the second time this nationalist party reached the second round of the presidential election in the history of the Fifth Republic. In 2002, however, Jean-Marie Le Pen had only obtained 17.79% of the votes, while fifteen years later his daughter, Marine Le Pen, almost doubled her father's record, reaching 33.90% of the votes cast. Moreover, in the 2019 European elections, re-named Rassemblement National obtained the largest number of votes of all French political formations and can therefore boast of being "the leading party in France.” The brutality of oppressive nationalism may be expressed in personal relationships, such as child abuse. While Indonesia and Aotearoa [the Maoris’ name for New Zealand] hold very different ranks in the United Nations Human Development Programme assessments, where Indonesia is classified as a medium development country and Aotearoa New Zealand as a very high development country. In Chapter 7, “Domestic Violence Against Women in Indonesia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Making Sense of Differences and Similarities” co-authors, in Chapter 8, Mandy Morgan and Dr. Elli N. Hayati, from New Zealand and Indonesia respectively, found that despite their socio-economic differences, one in three women in each country experience physical or sexual intimate partner violence over their lifetime. In this chapter ther authors aim to deepen understandings of domestic violence through discussion of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of theit countries to address domestic violence alongside studies of women’s attitudes to gender norms and experiences of intimate partner violence. One of the most surprising and upsetting scholarly journeys that a North American student may take involves Adolf Hitler’s comments on oppression of American Indians and Blacks as he imagined the construction of the Nazi state, a genesis of nationalism that is all but unknown in the United States of America, traced in this volume (Chapter 8) by co-editor Johansen. Beginning in Mein Kampf, during the 1920s, Hitler explicitly used the westward expansion of the United States across North America as a model and justification for Nazi conquest and anticipated colonization by Germans of what the Nazis called the “wild East” – the Slavic nations of Poland, the Baltic states, Ukraine, and Russia, most of which were under control of the Soviet Union. The Volga River (in Russia) was styled by Hitler as the Germans’ Mississippi, and covered wagons were readied for the German “manifest destiny” of imprisoning, eradicating, and replacing peoples the Nazis deemed inferior, all with direct references to events in North America during the previous century. At the same time, with no sense of contradiction, the Nazis partook of a long-standing German romanticism of Native Americans. One of Goebbels’ less propitious schemes was to confer honorary Aryan status on Native American tribes, in the hope that they would rise up against their oppressors. U.S. racial attitudes were “evidence [to the Nazis] that America was evolving in the right direction, despite its specious rhetoric about equality.” Ming Xie, originally from Beijing, in the People’s Republic of China, in Chapter 9, “News Coverage and Public Perceptions of the Social Credit System in China,” writes that The State Council of China in 2014 announced “that a nationwide social credit system would be established” in China. “Under this system, individuals, private companies, social organizations, and governmental agencies are assigned a score which will be calculated based on their trustworthiness and daily actions such as transaction history, professional conduct, obedience to law, corruption, tax evasion, and academic plagiarism.” The “nationalism” in this case is that of the state over the individual. China has 1.4 billion people; this system takes their measure for the purpose of state control. Once fully operational, control will be more subtle. People who are subject to it, through modern technology (most often smart phones) will prompt many people to self-censor. Orwell, modernized, might write: “Your smart phone is watching you.” Ming Xie holds two Ph.Ds, one in Public Administration from University of Nebraska at Omaha and another in Cultural Anthropology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, where she also worked for more than 10 years at a national think tank in the same institution. While there she summarized news from non-Chinese sources for senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. Ming is presently an assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and Criminal Justice, West Texas A&M University. In Chapter 10, analyzing native peoples and nationhood, Barbara Alice Mann, Professor of Honours at the University of Toledo, in “Divide, et Impera: The Self-Genocide Game” details ways in which European-American invaders deprive the conquered of their sense of nationhood as part of a subjugation system that amounts to genocide, rubbing out their languages and cultures -- and ultimately forcing the native peoples to assimilate on their own, for survival in a culture that is foreign to them. Mann is one of Native American Studies’ most acute critics of conquests’ contradictions, and an author who retrieves Native history with a powerful sense of voice and purpose, having authored roughly a dozen books and numerous book chapters, among many other works, who has traveled around the world lecturing and publishing on many subjects. Nalanda Roy and S. Mae Pedron in Chapter 11, “Understanding the Face of Humanity: The Rohingya Genocide.” describe one of the largest forced migrations in the history of the human race, the removal of 700,000 to 800,000 Muslims from Buddhist Myanmar to Bangladesh, which itself is already one of the most crowded and impoverished nations on Earth. With about 150 million people packed into an area the size of Nebraska and Iowa (population less than a tenth that of Bangladesh, a country that is losing land steadily to rising sea levels and erosion of the Ganges river delta. The Rohingyas’ refugee camp has been squeezed onto a gigantic, eroding, muddy slope that contains nearly no vegetation. However, Bangladesh is majority Muslim, so while the Rohingya may starve, they won’t be shot to death by marauding armies. Both authors of this exquisite (and excruciating) account teach at Georgia Southern University in Savannah, Georgia, Roy as an associate professor of International Studies and Asian politics, and Pedron as a graduate student; Roy originally hails from very eastern India, close to both Myanmar and Bangladesh, so he has special insight into the context of one of the most brutal genocides of our time, or any other. This is our case describing the problems that nationalism has and will pose for the sustainability of the Earth as our little blue-and-green orb becomes more crowded over time. The old ways, in which national arguments often end in devastating wars, are obsolete, given that the Earth and all the people, plants, and other animals that it sustains are faced with the existential threat of a climate crisis that within two centuries, more or less, will flood large parts of coastal cities, and endanger many species of plants and animals. To survive, we must listen to the Earth, and observe her travails, because they are increasingly our own.

AbstractTwo chassis components were developed at the Technische Universität Darmstadt that are used to isolate the body and to reduce wheel load fluctuation.The frequency responses of the components were identified with a stochastic foot point excitation in a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) simulation environment at the hydropulser. The modelling of the transmission behaviour influence of the testing machine on the frequency response was approximately represented with a time delay of $$10\,\mathrm {ms}$$ 10 ms in the frequency range up to $$25\,\mathrm {Hz}$$ 25 Hz . This is considered by a Padé approximation. It can be seen that the dynamics of the testing machine have an influence on the wheel load fluctuation and the body acceleration, especially in the natural frequency of the unsprung mass. Therefor, the HiL stability is analysed by mapping the poles of the system in the complex plane, influenced by the time delay and virtual damping.This paper presents the transfer from virtual to real quarter car to quantify the model uncertainty of the component, since the time delay impact does not occur in the real quarter car test rig. The base point excitation directly is provided by the testing machine and not like in the case of the HiL test rig, the compression of the spring damper calculated in the real-time simulation.

This chapter argues that although Engels successfully encouraged Marxism to adopt Hegelian metaphysics as its philosophy of historical change, Marx himself can be absolved of charges of teleology and political gradualism. Guided by Galvano Della Volpe’s reconstruction of Marx’s thought, it is shown that Marx’s methodology of real abstraction stands in stark contrast to Hegel’s speculative dialectic. Capital may contain isolated chapters that suggest teleological historicism, but taken as a whole the text points to the need for a conscious break from capitalism informed by economic analysis. The chapter concludes by contrasting Marx’s political statements about communist transformation with Kautsky’s and Lenin’s views on the post-revolutionary transition period.

The expansion of empire into the Pacific Ocean took place in the age of enlightenment as well as the age of sail. It coincided with new metropolitan methodologies for the acquisition and ordering of natural history, and speculation on the natural world’s relation to changing human and social worlds. Islands, in this context, were always more than just refuelling and repair points. In Oceania, these islands were small, self-contained, and often isolated enough to make them ideal spaces, or so it would seem, for seaborne natural historians. In Europe, Enlightenment philosophers had invented mythic islands. Now these were overlaid with, and interrupted by, rapidly accumulating knowledge of actual island-dwellers and their environments. This chapter explores the meeting point of Enlightenment mythic and literary islands with real encounters in the Sea of Islands, from James Cook’s voyages in the 1770s to T.H. Huxley and John MacGillivray’s in the 1840s.

Risk assessment for human health and ecosystems by exposure to chemicals is an important process to aid in the mitigation of affected areas. Generally, this process is carried out in isolated spots and therefore may be ineffective in mitigating. This chapter describes an architecture of a multi-agent system for environmental risk assessment in areas contaminated as often occur in mining, oil exploration, intensive agriculture and others. Plan multiple points in space-time matrix where each agent carries out exposure assessment and the exchange of information on toxicity, to characterize and classify risk in real time. Therefore, it is an architecture model with multi-agent that integrates ontology by semantic representation, classifies risks by decision rules by support vectors machines with multidimensional data. The result is an environment to exchange information that provides knowledge about the chemical contamination, which can assist in the planning and management of mitigation of the affected area.

This chapter applies some of the concepts presented earlier to transformations brought about by nucleophilic additions to aldehydes, ketones, imines, and nitriles. It begins by the addition of primary and secondary amines, thus reversibly producing imines and enamines, and points out that imines are involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids, amino acids, etc. with the aid of enzymes. Chiral imines and enamines are useful in organocatalysis. Oxygen or sulfur nucleophiles are used to prepare acetals or their thio equivalents and their use as protecting groups is discussed. Addition of carbon nucleophiles produces alcohols, a reaction that has stereoelectronic requirements that are modelled by the Felkin–Anh and Cram chelate models. The preparation, structure in ether solvents, and the use of organomagnesium (Grignard) and organolithium reagents are discussed, and some chemoselectivity issues are presented. The Wittig and the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions are used to prepare olefins, and the modifications that produce E and/or Z alkenes are discussed from a mechanistic point of view. Throughout the chapter real-world results are presented, often mentioning the conditions actually employed, along with isolated yields. Some of the main workers involved in the introduction of the methodologies are cited in brief biographical abstracts.

The application of intelligent engine room systems in the field of ship automation is becoming increasingly important. This review focuses on the research of engine room fault diagnosis in ships, proposes the technical system of intelligent engine room systems, and discusses the research content of engine room condition monitoring technology and fault diagnosis technology. The paper points out that industrial intelligence is one of the main directions of industrial technological development, and emphasizes the intelligent transformation in the design and manufacturing of intelligent ships. The paper further introduces the engine room as the core of a ship, and emphasizes the importance of its operational efficiency for overall performance. However, most of the current domestic ship engine room automation systems are closed and isolated, unable to upload engine room equipment data in real time, and cannot meet the requirements of ship classification societies. Therefore, fully sensing the status of engine room equipment and using big data analysis and intelligent diagnostic technology to improve engine room operational efficiency become the future development direction.

Abstract This chapter concerns James’s idea of a field of consciousness, a moving and shifting sense of exploratory experience beyond the restrictive ideas of a ‘self’. For James the self, and its consciousness, is not a separate, isolated substance but is a vibrating field opening out into the surrounding world. The field always has a centre, a focus or nucleus. Around it, less conscious, is a periphery, a fringe or halo or margin. But the field is dynamic and can shift: the margin—what is at the back of the mind or at the corner of the eye—may come more into focus, permeate the nucleus, and change the centre of gravity by acts of new realization and discovery. This is how the human mind is truly mobile. Our sense of the actual is surrounded by other possibilities – not merely other points of view but changes in the very topography of a person’s being. The chapter gives examples of mental experience on the fringes of consciousness: the virtual, the implicit, the potential and the possible. Thought is what makes human beings more than merely automatic: it exists in between stimulus from without and response from within, to provide a pause and make a difference. To James, the movement from sub-conscious to conscious, from fringe to nucleus, was thought itself at its very best. The pragmatic question is always What does this mean as applied to real life? As in chapter 3, particular human examples are given of ‘James, not Pure but Applied’: intellectual thought and artistic creativity translated into ordinary life.

Abstract Zhuangzi, also known as Chuang-tzu, very probably was a real person, who lived in the fourth century BCE. The book to which his name is attached has accretions that stamp it as the work of many hands. Scholars sometimes isolate within the Zhuangzi (Chuang-Tzu) what are called the “Inner Chapters” (chapters r through 7), which are viewed as a core early text and also as exceptionally vivid presentations of the point of view of the book.

Abstract Zhuangzi, also known as Chuang-tzu, very probably was a real person, who lived in the fourth century BCE.The book to which his name is attached has accretions that stamp it as the work of many hands. Scholars sometimes isolate within the Zhuangzi (Chuang-Tzu) what are called the “Inner Chapters” (chapters I through 7), which are viewed as a core early text and also as exceptionally vivid presentations of the point of view of the book. That point of view may not be entirely evident right away to the first-time reader. The book is fanciful, and there are many digressions and changes of tone. The overall impression may be of someone who is clever and is fooling around. There are works (the eighteenth century novel Tristram Shandy is an example) whose “unity” is their disunity, their lack of discursive integration; and the Zhuangzi may seem to be one of these works. Nevertheless, I wish to suggest that at least the Inner Chapters are in their way highly integrated, with no words wasted and no line of thought as random as it may look. There is a consistent set of philosophical positions and implicit arguments for these. Read right, the Zhuangzi is real philosophy--although it also is a lot of fun and is a strangely beautiful book.

Stock trend prediction is a challenging task due to the non-stationary dynamics and complex market dependencies. Existing methods usually regard each stock as isolated for prediction, or simply detect their correlations based on a fixed predefined graph structure. Genuinely, stock associations stem from diverse aspects, the underlying relation signals should be implicit in comprehensive graphs. On the other hand, the RNN network is mainly used to model stock historical data, while is hard to capture fine-granular volatility patterns implied in different time spans. In this paper, we propose a novel Hierarchical Adaptive Temporal-Relational Network (HATR) to characterize and predict stock evolutions. By stacking dilated causal convolutions and gating paths, short- and long-term transition features are gradually grasped from multi-scale local compositions of stock trading sequences. Particularly, a dual attention mechanism with Hawkes process and target-specific query is proposed to detect significant temporal points and scales conditioned on individual stock traits. Furthermore, we develop a multi-graph interaction module which consolidates prior domain knowledge and data-driven adaptive learning to capture interdependencies among stocks. All components are integrated seamlessly in a unified end-to-end framework. Experiments on three real-world stock market datasets validate the effectiveness of our model.

Abstract Well completion practices in high-temperature, high-pressure carbonates are challenging especially for long lateral horizontal wells intended for fracturing applications. An integrated approach involving intervention and fracturing design and reliable post-fracturing flow measurements is very critical to optimize the well performance. After initial intervention complexities due to wellbore accessibility in a 6,250-ft cemented lateral initially planned with 13 fracturing stages resulting in the loss of many operational days, a revamped engineering workflow was planned for Well-A. As a first step, Coiled Tubing (CT) was used for abrasive jetting perforations, cleanout, and acid squeeze functionalities with a novel bottomhole assembly (BHA). The BHA was equipped with a real-time telemetry to optimize intervention to a single run. Having real-time bottomhole parameters helped in perforating the desired zones accurately and enhanced the injectivity by creating cleaner perforation tunnels. Stages were reduced to five with an optimized perforation design based on rock typing approach, and short clusters were designed to divert the fracture fluids effectively using multimodal particulate diversion. Each fracturing stage was isolated with a mechanical plug. A novel high-frequency pressure monitoring technique that analyzes fluid entry points from water hammers was utilized during the fracturing treatments to analyze on-the-fly diversion efficiency and optimize further treatments. A multiphase flowmeter was utilized to enhance milling and flowback to minimize losses and manage the choke schedule based on actual well performance leading to better fracture cleanup and recovery. The production performance of Well-A was compared with two offset horizontal wells drilled azimuthally parallel, intersecting the same carbonate sublayer. The post-fracturing absolute production enhancement analysis showed 11 to 15% improvement, and productivity index (PI) improvement was 40 to 63% when normalized by stage count. The effective integration of multiple technologies was applied successfully on the candidate well, yielding enhanced operational efficiency with optimized production performance.

Abstract Wells with sand control measures may still exhibit onset of sanding during production, often due to isolated damage of individual screen sections. Positive identification of the location of the sand production allows targeted mitigation to remove the sanding source while retaining as much hydrocarbon flow as possible. This paper discusses the novel acoustic techniques used to identify productive zones and areas of sand production in a well suffering a sanding event. Ultrasonic methods for sand detection in a downhole environment have proved troublesome primarily due to the difficulty in separating acoustic signatures due to particle impacts from those generated by turbulent flow. Advances in sensor technology and digital sampling have enabled reliable discrimination of turbulence and particle signatures in both controlled flow-loop conditions and in real producing wells. Novel processing algorithms have been developed to not only detect sand ingress points, but also to quantify and characterise sand particles in the flow stream. A horizontal oil producing well exhibited a change of behaviour following an increase in choke opening, when it started to produce sand along with an increased water cut. A toolstring combining production logging, acoustic sand detection and multifinger caliper with a tractor for conveyance was deployed in the well and a number of passes were made combining continuous logging and stationary recordings. The acquired data indicated there was no crossflow during shut-in, while there were indications of sand build-up over the lower sections of screens. With the well flowing, the PL data showed the inflow profile across all screens and identified a point of very large influx of mostly water. Analysis of the acoustic data using transient statistical sampling techniques showed this to be the main source of sand entering the wellbore and was able to verify sand transport in the flow stream. Analysis using general noise level sampling was able to detect energy due to turbulent flow in and into the wellbore, correlated with spinner responses, and also in the near wellbore environment behind certain screens. Multifinger caliper data confirmed the general integrity of the screens and enabled the planning of isolation measures to shut off sand production while minimising production loss. The verified ability of the new tool to separate the acoustic signatures of particle impacts from turbulent flow noise brings an additional aspect to production logging interpretation, allowing inflow profiling for solids as well as fluid phases. Statistical analysis of the broad-spectrum noise recorded also reveals information about fluid flow not just in the wellbore but also in the near-wellbore environment behind the primary tubular. This information can prove critical in analysis of completion design.

Being an indispensable component in location-based social networks, next point-of-interest (POI) recommendation recommends users unexplored POIs based on their recent visiting histories. However, existing work mainly models check-in data as isolated POI sequences, neglecting the crucial collaborative signals from cross-sequence check-in information. Furthermore, the sparse POI-POI transitions restrict the ability of a model to learn effective sequential patterns for recommendation. In this paper, we propose Sequence-to-Graph (Seq2Graph) augmentation for each POI sequence, allowing collaborative signals to be propagated from correlated POIs belonging to other sequences. We then devise a novel Sequence-to-Graph POI Recommender (SGRec), which jointly learns POI embeddings and infers a user's temporal preferences from the graph-augmented POI sequence. To overcome the sparsity of POI-level interactions, we further infuse category-awareness into SGRec with a multi-task learning scheme that captures the denser category-wise transitions. As such, SGRec makes full use of the collaborative signals for learning expressive POI representations, and also comprehensively uncovers multi-level sequential patterns for user preference modelling. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of SGRec against state-of-the-art methods in next POI recommendation.

Operation of isolated systems with a large share of generation from renewable energy sources represents a real challenge from the aspect of system stability. The transition from conventional generation systems such as diesel generators and synchronous machines to renewable energy sources is especially challenging if the observed system is not electrically interconnected with neighbouring power systems. This paper investigates transient stability of the microgrid, which is predominantly powered by solar and wind power plants, following the set of the selected disturbances: three-phase short circuit at the connection point of the wind power plant, three-phase short circuit at the connection point of the solar power plant, and finally, the sudden cessation of generation from the solar power plant due to cloud coverage. System support is provided by battery energy storage systems, which are modeled using so- called grid-forming inverters. For the purpose of comparative analysis, the same disturbances were repeated, but this time the system support is provided by the conventional diesel generators. For the analysis of the mentioned disturbances, it is necessary to dynamically model all the elements, in order to show their behavior as accurately as possible and consequently their role in controlling the voltage and frequency in the system. The dynamic models used in simulations are taken from the library available in the used software DIgSILENT Power Factory, but have been updated according to the recommendations from the latest WECC (Western Electricity Coordinating Council) manuals. The main goal of this study was verifying the transient stability of an isolated microgrid powered by non-synchronous energy sources.

Isolated cardiac muscle cells exhibit phasic contractions when they are electrically stimulated and they maintain their distinct AûI band striation pattern, like a one-dimensional diffraction grating, during the contraction–relaxation cycle. This paper demonstrates the application of an on-line, hybrid digital–optical processor, with liquid crystal television (LCTV) serving as a spatial light modulator (SLM), to monitor the dynamics of contraction in real time. The processor, which is interfaced with a phase-contrast microscope, performs a Fourier transformation of the striated cell image optically and records the Fourier spectra digitally by means of a charge-coupled-device camera. A series of digitized images of the Fourier spectra, at intervals of 16.67 ms (noninterlaced frames), is captured during muscle contraction. The sarcomere length at each time point is calculated from centroidal positions of the firstorder diffraction spots. Experimental results demonstrate that LCTV has improved the contrast of striated cell images by 300%. These results suggest that the hybrid processor has a great potential for biomedical applications. Finally, the results obtained from normal and hypertensive heart cells (both with and without drug effects) will be presented.

In modern offshore racing, performance often depends on two main factors: a good autopilot and the right strategy decisions taken by the skipper. Some sensors are crucial to ensure the quality of those two keys of success, among which we can mention the heading sensors. Unfortunately, those sensors, whether magnetometers or GNSS based, are subject to disturbances and faults of various origins: magnetic disturbances from other devices, GPS fix or reception issues, sensor drift, etc. These sensor faults can cause an autopilot’s solution to diverge which can result in serious damage to the boat or the crew. Assurance of a valid measurement is therefore a key point to ensure reliability of autopilot systems and skipper’s decisions. This paper presents a method to produce consistent values of true heading and yaw rate while detecting sensor faults. The proposed solution relies on the hypothesis that sensors using different technologies and placed in different spots inside the boat will not be subject to identical and synchronised disturbances. Thus, by intelligently fusing the information coming from several sources, a continuous and consistent true heading measure can be maintained. A simple dynamic model for the heading and yaw rate is implemented and an asynchronous filter update is done depending on available measures. The difference between the estimated and the measured states is used to determine whether a sensor is faulty or valid and the update is done consequently; then the information on sensors status and quality of the estimation can be propagated. In the paper, we detail a method to detect faults in heading sensors and to provide a substitution value if necessary. The proposed model is validated by test campaigns that were conducted using both data logs and on-board tests. Results show that we can improve and maintain true heading measurement quality and detect and isolate faulty sensors.

Abstract A Transfer path analysis (TPA) is undertaken for a car subframe concerning six DOF of freedom and two coupling points up to 500 Hz. Integrated stingers have been developed to improve measurement results. The relative importance of the rotational components is investigated. The blocked impedance method has been used to couple the subframe to the car body using measured mobilities via two isolators out of four. The sound sensitivity is measured directly for the coupled system and compared with the total sum of the calculated transfer path components which are calculated with measured mobilities and transfer functions. Calculated and measured results show good agreement. The importance of the rotational paths depends on the characteristics of the isolator and the structures where it is mounted. It was found that the front mount position is more sensitive to rotations compared to the rear mount position. The rear mount position is also a much stiffer construction. It was found that above 220 Hz, the rotational paths are of the same importance as the translational paths when both points were connected to the body frame. It was also found that for the rear mount position, only one translational transfer path dominates. These conclusions do not differ especially for different excitation directions at the engine mount position.

An investigation has been carried out in order to define the process of rotating stall inception in a low speed, low hub-tip ratio fan. Based on elementary cascade analysis, the fan would be expected to stall from the root, however, considerable experimental evidence indicates that tip stall is more frequently incurred. Although the analysis has been undertaken for a specific fan it is considerd to be representative of a broad range of machines. The analysis has involved two primary considerations, first the effect of streamtube contraction which has been studied theoretically and secondly real flow effects (those not contained in the theoretical model) which have been studied experimentally. The study of streamtube contraction indicates that the root rematches to a more stable operating point thus alleviating some of the problems in that region. The experimental investigation was undertaken on an isolated rotor, with successive build modifications to increase the likelihood of rotating stall inception at the root. It was apparent that real fluid effects tended to steepen the root pressure rise characteristic, thus enhancing the stability in that region. The performance of the fan at the tip tended to be poor providing a pressure characteristic with a lower negative gradient than anticipated indicating less stability than simple flow models would suggest. Hot wire flow mapping at the rotor exit supported the overall conclusion that the rotor showed a strong reluctance to stall at the root apparently due to “centrifuging” of the boundary layer towards the tip.