Tesis sobre el tema "Réaction de formation"
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Millot, Marie-Claude. "Les supports réactifs en biochromatographie : échanges par réaction thiol-disulfure et par formation de complexes métalliques". Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120050.
Texto completoBarge, Thierry. "Formation de siliciures par réaction métal-silicium : rôle de la diffusion". Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30101.
Texto completoMaillos, Philippe. "Formation de liaisons Carbone-Azote par réaction SRN¹ en série aliphatique". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112185.
Texto completoBureau, Ronan. "Formation d'ylures d'azométhine par thermolyse d'oxazolidines : étude de la réaction et applications synthétiques". Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN10029.
Texto completoAissaoui, Regadia. "Réaction de substitution nucléophile aromatique des acides naphtoïques ortho-fluorés/méthoxylés avec les réactifs de Grignards et les organolithiens (SNArAB)". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684960.
Texto completoLeklou, Nordine. "Contribution à la connaissance de la réaction sulfatique interne". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/417/.
Texto completoThe delayed formation of ettringite (DEF) is a chemical reaction that can cause the deterioration of concrete. The swelling mechanism of this reaction is complex and involves many parameters (temperature, composition of concrete, humidity. . . ). However, despite the studies on the subject over the past decade, many questions remain unanswered. The aim of our research is to provide as much as possible new elements to a better understanding of the internal sulfate attack and thus meet three objectives are "Understanding", "Prevention" and "Healing". For that, we developed a series of tests to enable us to achieve a specific experimental approach to meet these objectives. To meet the goal "Understanding", a Macro-Micro study of DEF was done. The results have been exploited macroscopically (by measuring changes in length) and microscopic (SEM observations on direct samples or replicas). The effect of different parameters on the development of this pathology has been studied. The results showed that the levels of alkalis and C3A are of great importance for the development of DEF while the E/C ratio and the pre-microcracking of the materials are important for the kinetics of DEF. It also appears that a high E/C ratio, a temperature of water conservation maintained at 40-50°C and frequently renewed water conservation causes rapid swelling due to DEF. The nature of the material (mortar or concrete) also determines the expansions. .
Labadie, Mauricio. "Equations de réaction-diffusion et quelques applications à la Biologie". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00666581.
Texto completoTabart, Michel. "Formation asymétrique de liaisons carbone-carbone par voie catalytique". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112202.
Texto completoThis work concerns the study of asymmetric catalysis of carbon-carbon bond formation, and more precisely two reactions very useful in organic synthesis: Michael addition and Dields-Alder reaction. In the first part the synthesis and application of new catalytic systems for Michael addition is developed : chiral nickel II, lanthanides (Sm and Ce) and titanium complexes, especially [Ti(0iPr)₃ quinine] which has also been used for another type of reaction : asymmetric ring opening of epoxides with acidic hydrogen bearing compounds. The second part of this work deals with asymmetric catalysis of Diels-Alder reaction which has been viewed according to two different ways the first approach concerns the use of chiral radical cations like Ar3N+·x-*. The second more promising approach deals with the use of chiral Lewis acids like boranes, trivalent lanthanides derivatives, and titanium complexes or titanium/aluminum complexes
Nebois, Pascal. "Réactivité de la 2-éthoxy-2-buténal N,N-diméthylhydrazone vis à vis de naphtoquinones et d'azanaphtoquinones : synthèses régiosélectives d'aza et diazaanthraquinones par cycloaddition {4+2} et formation régiospécifique de furoquinoléines". Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO1T018.
Texto completoDarius, Danielle. "Etude cinétique de la formation des particules de suie à partir de constituants d'un kérosène". Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2069.
Texto completoBerrabah, Meriem. "Etude de la formation du siliciure de titane par réaction directe : Influence et redistribution des dopants". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0047.
Texto completoThe first part of this study focuses on the elaboration methods and comparative properties of refractory metal silicides. One can conclude that titanium silicide is very attractive for silicon microelectronics. Analysis techniques used are described (SIMS, RBS, RX, TEM) and they appear really complementary. The major part of the study is based on SIMS analysis. Titanium silicide obtained with direct reaction between titanium and silicon is studied for different furnaces and conditions (nitridizied or partially oxidized surface); the formation temperatures are compatible with salicide technology limitations. The obtained layers develop quickly to TiSi2 composition. Finally, the effects of dopant (initially present in silicon) redistribution on the silicide formation are studied
Amar, Nathalie. "Etude expérimentale de la formation de noyaux composés super-lourds dans la réaction 58Fe + 244Pu -- 302120". Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2053.
Texto completoChehrouri, Mourad. "Analyse par spectroscopies des molécules formées par interaction d'atomes H,O et N sur des surfaces simulant les grains interstellaires et prédiction des voies de réaction". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0514/document.
Texto completoThe work that I present in this thesis is primarily an experimental work carried out in the LAMAp laboratory at the University of Cergy-Pontoise, using the experimental device called FORMOLISM. The main components of this device are: ultra-high vacuum (10-10 mbar), ultra-low temperature (~5 K), atomic jets, TPD mass spectrometry (Thermally Programmed Desorption) and laser spectroscopy using ultraviolet wavelengths around ~200 nm. Thanks to the REMPI-TOF (Resonantly Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization – Time Of Flight) technique, we have studied i) the nuclear spin conversion of the hydrogen molecule H2 on a porous amorphous water ice surface and ii) the processes of formation of this molecule, which is the most abundant in the interstellar medium, on surfaces simulating interstellar dust grains. The results of this study are of capital interest in astrophysics. Actually, this formation cannot occur in the gas phase but can only be explained by the encounter of two hydrogen atoms on a dust grain in the interstellar medium, the latter playing the role of a catalyst. Different processes are involved in the formation of H2 which require to be identified. With this aim, I present entirely new results on molecular H2 formation on an amorphous silicate surface. I show that the molecule can form in a rovibrationnally excited state of its ground state up to a temperature of about 70 K and that the molecule is released into the gas phase immediately after its formation. These results demonstrate the competition between two mechanisms of formation at very low temperature (<18 K) while another mechanism takes over up to 70 K
Lafarguette, Florian. "Identification et caractérisation de gènes régulés lors de la formation du bois de tension chez le peuplier". Orléans, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ORLE2023.
Texto completoLescarbeau, André. "Étude de la réaction de Cope et d'oxy-Cope en tandem pour la formation de squelettes carbonés". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0031/MQ67306.pdf.
Texto completoThiebaut, Yvan. "Evaluation de structures en béton armé atteintes de réaction sulfatique interne". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30271/document.
Texto completoDelayed ettringite formation is a pathology leading to swelling and degradation of the concrete of certain structures. As structure manager, VINCI must ensure the safety of users and goods. To do so, an assessment of the serviceability of affected structures is necessary. This work aims to improve the modeling of mechanical phenomena induced by delayed ettringite formation, especially under stress. An experimental campaign was carried out on prismatic reactive concrete specimens. Some were plain, uniaxially reinforced, triaxially reinforced and subjected to an uniaxial compressive loading of 14.5 MPa. Expansions appeared fairly isotropic in stress-free conditions and reached 0,6 %. Restraint due to reinforcements led to decreased strains in the restrained directions. Expansions were only slightly impacted in transversal free directions. Therefore, DEF expansion under uniaxial stress is anisotropic. Cracks were observed parallel to the restrained direction. For prestressed concrete, creep strains hid possible strains induced by DEF. These specimens were unload after 420 days of immersion in water. It led to a strain increase of about 0,10 % in 3 days in the loaded direction, without any effect on transversal directions. Similar kinetic and range of expansion was measured in both longitudinal and transversal throughout the 200 following days. This phenomenon was understood as the consequence of an alkali leaching acceleration after storage water renewal that occurred during specimens unloading. DEF induced damage on concrete was characterize through compressive tests, brazilian tensile tests and Young modulus measurements before and after expansions. DEF effect on steel-concrete bond behavior was also measured through pull-out tests. Maximal steel-concrete bond stress appears slightly impacted by longitudinal expansions of about 0.25 %, but the bond shear modulus decreases significantly after DEF. All collected experimental data were used to fit a poromechanical model of DEF taking into account all the phenomena involved in the of reinforced concrete behavior (plasticity, damage, creep, shrinkage, distributed reinforcements...). [...]
Roignant, Matthieu. "Nouvelles stratégies synthétiques vers la formation d'hétérodinucléotides incorporant un motif difluorophosphinothioate". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR090.
Texto completoOligonucleotides (ONs) represent a major class of bioactive molecules with a great potential in medicinal chemistry. However, the development of therapeutic ONs is facing two major problems: a lack of stability toward nucleases and a lack of selectivity toward a specific therapeutic target. To overcome those problems, academic and industrial chemists are working on the development of modified ONs, incorporating in particular new analogues of the natural phosphodiester bridge. In this context, the synthesis of new analogues was studied in the laboratory, namely the difluorophosphinate (R-CF2-P(O)(OEt)CH2-R) and difluorophosphinothioate (R-CF2-P(S)(OEt)CH2-R) units. Thanks to previous studies, a first-generation synthesis was developed towards a homodinucleotide incorporating a difluorophosphinate moiety. A key fragment furanose-CF2-P(S)(OEt)CH2-furanose, allowing the introduction of two identical nucleic bases, was obtained by the sequential construction of the two P-C bonds. Oxidation of R-CF2-P(S)(OEt)CH2-R gave access to the R-CF2-P(O)(OEt)CH2-R unit. This thesis describes the development of a second-generation synthesis towards heterodinucleotides incorporating a difluorophosphin(othio)ate as internucleosidic bridge and two different nucleic bases. Starting from a common substrate, allofuranose, the synthesis of key fragments was worked out. These intermediates were used to build a difluorophosphinothioate internucleosidic bridge. Thus, a new key fragment furanose-CF2-P(S)(OEt)CH2-nucleoside was obtained and used to introduce a second, identical or different, nucleic base. However, a substitution process involving the replacement of a nucleic base with another one was highlighted. Despite this trans-N-glycosylation process, six dinucleotides (T-PMB-U, T-U, U-U, T-T, C-T, C-G-Prot) were prepared
Zambrano, Ramirez Adrian. "Synthesis of reaction-diffusion patterns with DNA : towards Turing patterns". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS214/document.
Texto completoThis PhD work is devoted to developing an experimental framework to investigate chemical spatiotemporal organization through mechanisms that could be at play during pattern formation in development. We introduce new tools to increase the versatility of DNA-based networks as pattern-forming systems. The emergence of organization in living systems is a longstanding fundamental question in biology. The two most influential ideas in developmental biology used to explain chemical pattern formation are Wolpert's positional information and Turing's reaction-diffusion self-organization. In the case of positional information, the pattern emerges from a pre-existing morphogen gradient across space that provides positional values as in a coordinate system. Whereas, the Turing mechanism relies on self-organization by driving a system of an initially homogeneous distribution of chemicals into an inhomogeneous pattern of concentration by a process that involves solely reaction and diffusion. Although numerical simulations and mathematical analysis corroborate the incredible potential of reaction-diffusion mechanisms to generate patterns, their experimental implementation is not trivial. And despite of the exceptional achievements in pattern formation with Belousov–Zhabotinsky systems, these are difficult to engineer, thus limiting their experimental implementation to few available mechanisms. In order to engineer reaction-diffusion systems that display spatiotemporal dynamics the following three key elements must be controlled: (i) the topology of the network (how reactions are linked to each other, i.e. in a positive or negative feedback manner), (ii) the reaction rates and (iii) the diffusion coefficients. Recently, using nucleic acids as a substrate to make programmable dynamic chemical systems together with the lessons from synthetic biology and DNA nanotechnology has appeared as an attractive approach due to the simplicity to control reaction rates and network topology by the sequence. Our experimental framework is based on the PEN-DNA toolbox, which involves DNA hybridization and enzymatic reactions that can be maintained out of equilibrium in a closed system for long periods of time. The programmability and biocompatibility of the PEN-DNA toolbox open new perspectives for the engineering of the reaction-diffusion chemical synthesis, in particular in two directions. Firstly, to study biologically-inspired pattern-forming mechanisms in simplified, yet relevant, experimental conditions. Secondly to build new materials that would self-build by a process inspired from embryo morphogenesis. We worked towards the goal of meeting the two requirements of Turing patterning, transferring chemical spatiotemporal behavior into material patterns, and imposing boundary conditions to spatiotemporal patterns. Therefore, the structure of this document is divided into four specific objectives resulting in four chapters. In chapter 1 we worked on testing a DNA-based reaction network with an inhibitor-activator topology. In chapter 2 we focused on developing a strategy to tune the diffusion coefficient of activator DNA strands. In chapter 3 we explored how chemical patterns determine the shape of a material. Finally, in chapter 4 we addressed the issue of controlling the geometry over a DNA-based reaction-diffusion system. Overall, we have expanded the number of available tools to study chemical and material pattern formation and advance towards Turing patterns with DNA
Vece, Vito. "Formation de liaisons C-C et C-O par activation électrophile de doubles liaisons catalysée par des superacides de Brönsted et de Lewis". Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE4028.
Texto completoThe use of Brönsted superacids (TfOH and Tf2NH) or Lewis superacids (M(n)(OTf)n and M(n)(NTf2)n) in organic synthesis presents a high interest in a wide number of reactions, particularly for the C-O, C-N and C-C bond formation involving the electrophilic activation of a double bond. These superacids could be used in sub-stoichiometric amounts whiole remaining more active and selective than more conventional Lewis acids, therefore improving the Green Chemistry aspects of our studies. We have used these catalysts to carry out Friedel-Crafts type reactions, tandem Friedel-Crafts-hydroalkoxylation processes and cycloisomerisations. The polyfunctionalised compounds for which a novel and efficient access is proposed present potential applications in medicinal, agricultural and perfume chemistry. A first chapter is devoted to the bibliographical studies of the various topics presented in this manuscript. In a second chapter, the Friedel-Crafts type allylation reaction from aromatic cycles, phenolic or not, have been studied and oriented towards the synthesis of valuable chemicals of industrial relevance. In a third chapter, mechanistic studies based on kinetic measurements and theoretical calculations on this reaction are presented. In a fourth chapter, cyclisation reactions of polyinsaturated compounds such as 1,6-dienes and aza-dines are presented. The cycloisomerisation of substituted 1,6-dienes allowed the access to several new compounds of interest in fragrance chemistry, a central interest of our laboratory. The application of the catalytic systems studied in the synthesis of compounds with odorant properties has
Rabhi, Selma. "Réaction à l'état solide entre un film de nickel et un substrat de type III-V". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190612_RABHI_105lfcsln311pyot691zwwqcp673guk_TH.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to study the phases formed during the solid-state reaction between a Ni film and an III-V type semiconductor substrate by reactive-diffusion, in order to understand and predict the phenomena involved in the Ni / In0.53Ga0.47As contact. Indeed, this compound present a technological interest for nanoelectronics because In0.53Ga0.47As can advantageously be substituted for Si. For this, we have studied the nature and the sequence of the phases formed for the two systems Ni / GaAs and Ni / InAs. Where Ni is deposited by sputtering. The Ni3GaAs and Ni3InAs phases are the first phases formed; they are in epitaxy with the substrate and have the same hexagonal structure. The results obtained show that the Ni layer is epitaxial with the GaAs substrate for low-deposited thicknesses, which differs from the greater thicknesses. Moreover, the texture of the Ni3GaAs phase is different from the Ni3InAs phase. At high temperatures (above 400 ° C), we observe for both systems the presence of new phases. These are hexagonal and cubic structures for the Ni / InAs system. We have also observed in this work the formation kinetics of these phases Ni3GaAs and Ni3InAs in thin film. Moreover, conclude that the formation kinetics of the Ni3InAs phase is slower than that of the Ni3GaAs phase
Baraut, Lambert. "Etudes expérimentales des fractionnements isotopiques indépendants de la masse dans la réaction de formation de l'ozone en phase plasma". Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MNHN0002.
Texto completoThe Earth's atmosphere has undergone, during its early history, very violent changes in its chemical composition. The emergence of the first photosynthetic living beings has led to the establishment and modification of major biogeochemical cycles. The use of isotopes as tracers of active physico-chemical processes during these periods has been developed since the 1980s. The observation of abnormal isotopic compositions in certain atmospheric molecules (ozone in particular), similar to those observed in meteorites by Clayton (1973), raises questions. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this "abnormal" phenomenon. The main objective of this doctoral work is to develop, through experimentation, the study of plasma reactions from an isotopic point of view. In particular, ozone formation third-body reactions, where the formation of an excited intermediate complex is involved in the mechanisms of generating these abnormal isotopic fractionations, will be studied
PAPASEIT, CYRIL. "Formation de motifs microtubulaires in vitro et dans l'embryon de drosophile par des processus dissipatifs de type réaction-diffusion". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10190.
Texto completoNiquet-Leridon, Céline. "Identification de la structure et des mécanismes de formation de quelques produits de Maillard non volatils issus de l’ammoniac : role précurseur de la glutamine". Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.paristech.org/3465/01/Thèse_C_NIQUET_30Oct2007.pdf.
Texto completoThis work concerns the identification of the structure and mechanisms of formation of some non-volatile Maillard reaction products (MRPs). The principle goal was to achieve a better understanding of the precursory role of the glutamine. Unlike that of the volatile molecules, the knowledge of non-volatile compounds is very limited. Moreover glutamine with a similar structure to asparagine has two nitrogen atoms likely to take part in the Maillard reaction: the α-amine and ammonia resulting from a lactamisation. In this context we looked for, isolated and characterized the non-volatile MRPs which are likely to be formed during the heat treatment of foods rich in glutamine or ammonia. Using various analytical tools (HPLC, fluorescence, mass spectrometry, NMR …) we detected four fluorophores resulting from the reaction between glutamine and methylglyoxal. One of them, the 5-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylnicotonic acid (HDNA), was identified as being the main fluorophore formed. A second simple model with glutamine and glucose enabled us to identify two oly-hydroxyalkyl-pyrazines partially studied in the literature. Finally the search for these MRPs in some foodstuffs revealed the presence of the two non-volatile pyrazines in various heated tomato sauces (glutamine-rich foods) and in biscuits containing ammonium bicarbonate. The presence of the HDNA in food remains to be checked. In the future it will be important to evaluate the organoleptic properties and the physiopathological impact of these ingested MRPs
Morenon, Pierre. "Modélisation des réactions de gonflement interne des bétons avec prise en compte des couplages poro-mécaniques et chimiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30138/document.
Texto completoInternal swelling reactions (ISR) damage the concrete of structures such as dams. Electricité De France (EDF) must ensure the safety of the people and goods located below the dam. This work aims to improve the modeling of the physical phenomena related to these damages, especially the interaction between the swelling product and the solid skeleton. The intraporous stress generated by the product pressure can create cracking, which, in the proposed model, can occur at two scales: - At a microscopic scale, the swelling product fills the gaps around the reaction site, which induces cracking and a decrease of the materials' characteristics (tensile and compression strengths, Young's modulus). Numerically, an anisotropic plastic criteria and a hardening law allow modelling this phenomenon. - At a macroscopic level, swelling gradients can develop inside concrete structures whose stress states and climatic conditions (humidity and temperature) are not homogeneous. A localized cracking can begin. It is a source of structure dislocation risks and stress concentrations in structural reinforcement. It may ease the way in for outside aggressive agents and water, an essential component for these reactions. Hydro-poro-mechanical couplings need to be taken into account when simulating these phenomena. The cracking is modelled by a Rankine plastic criterion whose dissipated energy is regularized by the Hillerborg's method. After presenting the model, several stress states and environmental conditions are applied to the model in order to validate it on: - samples under multi-axial stresses and restraints, - plain and reinforced beams submitted to moisture gradients in laboratory, - 1950s dams in real conditions. The results of the model make it possible to reproduce the displacements, the stresses and residual strength of these structures after aging. For the beams submitted to alkali aggregate reaction, the numerical results show a relevant prediction of the stress induced by reinforcement, confirmed by the failure behaviour. Nevertheless, the model encounters calibration difficulties for beams affected by delayed ettringite formation. They come from large swelling amplitude and diffusion-cracking coupling which are inherent to these structure behaviours. This model is a tool for concrete structure requalification in order to ensure their safety. It can also be a basis for diverse rehabilitations and reinforcement works simulation
Chollet, Guillaume. "Nouvelle méthode d’hétérogénéisation de complexes organométalliques chiraux par formation de complexes a transfert de charge". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112126.
Texto completoThe subject is the synthesis of new chiral catalysts which have an anthracene function, a spacer and a bis(oxazoline) group. This new ligands have been tested in homogeneous catalysis in the Diels-Alder reaction and then compared to the results obtained with the ligands used by Evans and Davies. The results are quite similar, demonstrating that the anthracene function is not detrimental to the catalytic reaction. A charge transfer complex between an electron rich molecule (anthracene) and an electron deficient molecule (TNF) is formed when trinitrofluorenone is added in the reaction mixture. After precipitation of the CTC, the complex could be reused twelve times without loss of activity or enantioselectivity (87 % ee) with the indabox ligand. To simplify the system, a new method of heterogeneous catalysis has been developed. The trinitrofluorenone is fixed on solid supports like polystyrene resins. These new supported complexes has been tested in the Diels-Alder reaction and the first results are very encouraging because six reuses have been realised
Garrier, Sylvain. "Conception et simulation d'un réservoir d'hydrure de magnésium avec récupération de la chaleur de réaction à l'aide d'un matériau à changement de phase". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00940452.
Texto completoAmar, Nathalie. "Etude expérimentale de la formation de noyaux composés super-lourds dans la réaction : $^(58)$Fe + $^(244)$Pu -> $^(302)$120". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004000.
Texto completoPommier, Agnès. "Formation de bêta-lactones par cycloaddition [2+2] : étude de la réaction et application à la synthèse de la (-)-lipstatine". Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30033.
Texto completoOblin, Magali. "Etude expérimentale et théorique de la réaction de cycloaddition [2+2] catalysée par un acide de Lewis : formation des cétènes". Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30104.
Texto completoBrunetaud, Xavier. "Étude de l'influence de différents paramètres et de leurs interactions sur la cinétique de l'amplitude de la réaction sulfatique interne au béton". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP1025.
Texto completoDelayed ettringite formation (DEF) is a pathology of cementitioud materials caused by dissolution a the beginning of hydration of agreat quantity of ettringite. The late crystallization of this ettringite in a hardened material stored in wet conditions, without any external sulphate supply, can be associated with a global swelling of the material and therefore damage. This study must answer to two main interrogations: quantification of interactions between parameters, which seems to be the source of discrepancies in experimental models and identification of the global mechanism leading to damages that affect the mechanical properties of the material. Firstly, a comprehensive experimental study assesses the influence of several parameters such as curing temperature and duration, W/C ratio, aggregate nature, cement content and fineness, on DEF-induced expansion, and its effect on the material properties. The principle of the design of experiment has been successfully used to bring to light the major role of some parameters and especially interactions. The resulting experimental models, statistically validated, can be used to estimate the expansion and the mechanical properties of the studied concrete. Secondly, a global mechanism of the degradation has been proposed on the basis of current knowledge and supported by experiment and observations realized during this study
Marchand, Stéphanie. "Formation d'hétérocycles aromatiques des vins à partir de la cystéine et des composés carbonyles". Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR20941.
Texto completoThis work describes the role of dicarbonyl compounds (glyoxal, methylglyoxal, diacetyl and pentan-2,3-dione) associated with cysteine in the formation of maillard-type odorous products under conditions close to those of wine, i. E. Low pH, aqueous medium and low temperatures. From a chemical point of view cysteine is the most remarkable amino-acid presents in wine. In a first step, cysteine quantification was done using derivatization-HPLC-fluorimetry and the parameters of cysteine formation in wine were studied. Then, reaction products between cysteine and carbonyls were identified. That is to say, heterocyclic compounds like thiazole, 2,4-dimethylthiazole, 2-acetylthiazole, 2-acetylthiazoline, 2-furanmethanzthiol and tiophene-2-thiol. Descriptors are "pop corn", "roasted", "peanuts" for thiazoles and "roasted coffee" or "burned rubber" for furans and trioohenes. To determine their concentrations quantitative assay methods have been optimized by using GC/MS and GC/FPD. Most of these molecules were identified for the first time in wines from various origins. Under conditions close to those of wine a new intermediate in the formation of 2-acetylthiazole from methylglyoxal and cysteine is described : N-(2-sulfanylethyl)-2-oxopropanamide (SOPA). It was characterized by MS, derivatization-MS, derivatization-MS, and 1H and13C NMR, and was synthetized from 2-sulfanylethanamine and ethylpyruvate. We suggest that SOPA is a new intermediate in Maillard-type systems in mild conditions
Martin, Renaud-Pierre. "Analyse sur structures modèles des effets mécaniques de la réaction sulfatique interne du béton". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00558200.
Texto completoNowicki, Audrey. "Alkylation allylique asymétrique appliquée à la synthèse d'un anti-NK : formation de carbones quaternaires chiraux". Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-361.pdf.
Texto completoDivet, Loïc. "Les réactions sulfatiques internes au béton : contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de la formation différée de l'ettringite". Paris, CNAM, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0375.
Texto completoBruyere, Didier. "Formation régio et stéréospécifique d'octahydrophénanthrènes et de cyclopentylindanes via une réaction de type Wacker : application à la synthèse du motif tétracyclique des stéroïdes". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10246.
Texto completoWang, Dong. "Nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables pour les réactions de formation de liaisons carbone-carbone et carbone-azote". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0128/document.
Texto completoCatalysts based on dendrimers and magnetic nanoparticles are becoming increasing utilized in the context of green and sustainable chemistry, because they are easily separated by precipitation or by using asimple magnet respectively, and they are recyclable. In this spirit, the thesis has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized molecular, nano-and dendritic catalysts involving Ru, Cu and Pd. Magnetically recyclable ruthenium(II) and Cu(I) complexes and Pd nanoparticles have provided excellent catalytic performances in terms of activity, stability and recyclability, using alkyne-azide cycloaddition and carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions. The synthesis of mono-and polymetallic palladium complexes containing the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand or nonabranch-derived ligands has also been carried out, and their catalytic properties in coupling reactions has been studied
Gauchat, Funes Drewes María elena. "Phenologie de la formation du bois chez le Mélèze : un pas vers une meilleure compréhension de la formation du bois par rapport à climat". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00741764.
Texto completoGauchat, Funes Drewes María Elena. "Phenologie de la formation du bois chez le Mélèze : un pas vers une meilleure compréhension de la formation du bois par rapport à climat". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AGPT0037/document.
Texto completoLarix is a genus of high interest for plantation due to its fast growth rate and appreciated wood quality. Larch has a great potential to be introduced in middle and lowland afforestations as an alternative to Douglas-fir. One important question for breeders is adaptation to environment. It is particularly relevant in the context of climatic changes where a strong decrease of soil water availability during the growth period is predicted. Three larch species are used by foresters in France for plantation establishment, for which breeders must supply more adapted material: European and Japanese larch and their interspecific hybrid. The higher performance of hybrid larch in afforestations demonstrates its great potential. The tissue structure of annual rings reflects the response of cambium (cell division, elongation and thickening of cell walls) to environmental factors (climate, soil fertility, competition, etc), as well as physiological states and genetics. Then, wood density can be interpreted as the result of cambial activity and its variation as the response of the tree to environment. However, to gain a better understanding of this response and of the variation of the xylogenesis process itself, it is important to spot the timing of wood cell production. There are different approaches to study the timing of wood formation. We used a combination of wood microdensitometry and of pinning method as a new approach to study the dynamic of wood formation from a tree improvement point of view. This new approach allowed us to go beyond the static character of the microdensity profile (where density variation is related to distance) and to transform it into a dynamic profile (where density variation is related to time). Variation in phenology of cambial activity can be seen as a mechanism better adjusting trees to their environment. If this adjustment improves fitness, then the corresponding tree anatomical response to environment variation may be seen as an adaptive response. As breeders, our interest is twice: on one side, a better understanding of cambial phenology and of wood formation in relation to pedo-climatic factors and climatic stress is urgent for profiling genotypes better fitted to their environment. On the other side, exploitation design trees with better wood properties. In larch, phenotypic variation of variables through breeding of knowledge about phenology of wood formation will help to related to the dates of initiation and completion of the formation of different tissues and to the total duration of ring formation is low. Last and final summary in the thesis
Périer-Camby, Laurent. "Élaboration d'aluminates d'éléments alcalino-terreux. Étude de la formation de composés secondaires". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844083.
Texto completoSaghbini, Samar. "Étude photophysique de la cinétique de formation de complexes". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL032N.
Texto completoDebrie, Clément. "Understanding and tuning the formation of higher order morphologies in PISA". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS329.pdf.
Texto completoDiscovered around 20 years ago, the PISA process (polymerization induced self-assembly) allows the one-pot synthesis at very high solids content and in green solvents of amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticles exhibiting diverse morphologies. It has usually been combined with reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) as in this thesis. A reactivable solvophilic polymer bloc is chain-extended with a solvophobic one, yielding amphiphilic block copolymers that self-assemble into spherical core-shell particles. It is now well-known that the spheres can evolve during the synthesis toward higher order morphologies (fibers, vesicles…) as predicted by the packing parameter. Such morphological transitions are possible provided that fusion/fission between micelles and/or unimer exchange are rapid enough compared to the typical duration of the polymerization. The respective role of these mechanisms remains however unknown. In this context, we studied a model system comprising a poly(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide) hydrophilic block and a mildly hydrophobic block of poly(2-methoxyethyl acrylate) (PMEA) synthesized by aqueous PISA. While morphological evolution were observed during PISA, the unimer exchange time (τ) was too long compared to the kinetics of the polymerization, showing that unimer exchange is not necessary for the formation of higher order morphologies. Instead, the presence of free MEA monomer made the transitions possible. However, systems with a low τ should always be at thermodynamic equilibrium, allowing the reproducible synthesis of controlled morphologies. τ is strongly decreased by the presence of ionizable moieties within the hydrophobic block. We therefore studied the copolymerization in aqueous dispersion of MEA and acrylic acid (AA) as a function of its degree of ionization (α). The incorporation of AA diminished as α increased because its chemical reactivity dropped. This phenomenon was amplified by the partitioning of the comonomers between the aqueous and the polymer phase, which enabled us to synthesize copolymers of various composition profile exhibiting thermosensitive properties. We finally performed PISA to generate a P(MEA-co-AA) hydrophobic block. We showed that the presence of AA in the solvophobic block favored the formation of higher order morphologies, but the ionization of AA prevented their formation during PISA or triggered morphological transitions toward spheres when α was increased post-polymerization. We proved that the unimer exchange rate of such copolymers could be tuned independently by pH (α) and temperature over several orders of magnitude
Delacroix, Dimitri. "Modes d'existence sémiotiques des automates à réaction dans l'accompagnement des personnes en perte d'autonomie. : Penser la formation pour les personnes âgées souffrant de maladies neurodégénératives". Thesis, Limoges, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIMO0020.
Texto completoThe thinking deals with the way to reactivate the individuation process for people with dementia. Alzheimer disease makes the relationship difficult related to the individual himself, professional and non-professional caregivers and the environment: it becomes a relationship issue deleting “l’être de relation” and the person as a conscious subject. In order to answering to this issue, an action research is conducted. The practice part is an alternative robotic and non-robotic sessions during six months with one-hour session a week (same place, same planning and same caregivers). Regarding to the theoretical part, the scope is to provide a model in order to understand, support and evaluate a nonpharmacological practice integrating and relying on technical thing that is creating relationship between humans. This model is based on a blinder of semiotics and Gilbert Simondon‘s theories and approaches; it deals with participating individuation with necessary a individuation of the knowledge. The result is the delivery of training session for people with dementia with a strategic tool managing the practice at the individual and collective level in order to maintain a metastability state
Lu, Yu-Wei. "Électrosynthèse de liaisons carbone-carbone par couplage d'oléfine activées et de dihalogénures d'alkyle : formation de composés cycliques". Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112155.
Texto completoEl, Bilani Rania. "Nature des connaissances mises en jeu par les élèves et les enseignants lors de l'utilisation des TICE en chimie : cas de la réaction chimique dans l'enseignement secondaire". Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/el-bilani_r.
Texto completoThe aim of our work is to provide information on the effect of the use of ICT in teaching and learning chemical reaction. Our work includes several topics supported by detailed analysis of case studies about the role of ICT in the learning of six pairs of students, eight teachers during in service training, and the class practice of a teacher. The theoretical framework, who structured our research method, mainly concerned modelling activity, which is the relation between several levels of knowledge specifically involved when learning with a simulation artefact. The levels that where concerned were theoretical, reconstructed and simulated. The construction of knowledge by learners was characterised from the facets of knowledge, which made possible to list what the learner involved in relation to given concepts, compare learners' knowledge, and finally characterise the teacher's practice in class. Our results show that learning with a simulation coupled with the texts of questioning tasks proposing autonomous situations to learners has been possible at Second, Première and Terminal level (grades 10 – 12) on topics as different as mass balance, thermodynamics, and kinetics. They also put into light that it is possible to interest teachers having them work with students' tasks, as they do not limit their investigation to students' work. Instead, teachers involve their own scientific and professional knowledge. In class, the teacher's interventions involved knowledge that student's do not use when the latter are let in autonomy. Such results stress on the role of teacher during ICT learning
Niquet, Céline. "Identification de la structure et des mecanismes de formation de quelques produits de maillard non volatils issus de l'ammoniac role precurseur de la glutamine". Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003465.
Texto completoSamrakandi, Moulay Abdeslam. "Rôle des nitrites dans l'oxydation des polyphénols et la formation de polycondensats de type humiques". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_SAMRAKANDI_M_A.pdf.
Texto completoBarbe, Guillaume. "Étude de la formation de composés bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-1(7)-én-6-one via une réaction de cycloaddition [2+2] intramoléculaire implicant la fonction cétène". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2004. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4632.
Texto completoGachon, Jean-Claude. "Enthalpies de formation des composés binaires de métaux de transition par réaction directe dans un calorimètre 1800 K. : Discussion de méthodes de prévisions thermodynamiques et structurales". Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10055.
Texto completoMoriot, Jérémy. "Détection vibro-acoustique passive d’une réaction sodium-eau par formation de voies dans un générateur de vapeur d’un réacteur nucléaire à neutrons rapides refroidi au sodium". Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0151/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with a new method to detect a sodium-water reaction in a steam generator of a fast sodium-cooled nuclear reactor. More precisely, the objective is to detect a micro-leak of water (flow < 1 g/s) in less than 10 seconds by measuring the external shell vibrations of the component. The strong background noise in operation makes impossible the use of a detection system based on a threshold overrun. A beamforming method applied to vibrations measured by a linear array of accelerometers is developed in this thesis to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and to detect and locate the leak in the steam generator. A numerical study is first realized. Two models are developed in order to simulate the signals measured by the accelerometers of the array. The performances of the beamforming are then studied in function of several parameters, such as the source location and frequency, the damping factor, the background noise considered. The first model consists in an infinite plate in contact with a heavy fluid, excited by an acoustic monopole located in this fluid. Analyzing the transverse displacements in the wavenumber domain is useful to establish a criterion to sample correctly the vibration field of the plate. A second model, more representative of the system is also proposed. In this model, an elastic infinite cylindrical shell, filled with a heavy fluid is considered. The finite dimensions in the radial and circumferential directions lead to a modal behavior of the system which impacts the beamforming. Finally, the method is tested on an experimental mock-up which consists in a cylindrical pipe made in stainless steel and filled with water connected to hydraulic circuit. The water flow speed can be controlled by varying the speed of the pump. The acoustic source is generated by a hydrophone. The performances of the beamforming are studied for different water flow speeds and different amplitude and frequencies of the source
Mayon, Patrick. "Formations stéréosélectives de liaisons carbone-carbone par voies anionique et radicalaire". Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10347.
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