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1
Santa Fe Institute (Santa Fe, N.M.), ed. Agent-based modeling: The Santa Fe Institute artificial stock market model revisited. Berlin: Springer, 2008.
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Babina, Ol'ga. Theory, methodology and practice of regional strategic planning. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1738755.
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In the monograph, the region is presented as a complex, multilevel socio-economic system consisting of many heterogeneous, interacting economic entities of different levels (economic agents and markets, management, resources and economic processes), jointly organizing reproduction processes embedded in the economic space of the national economy on the local territory. Currently, the role of rational management of the socio-economic development of the region is increasing. In such conditions, it is advisable to use strategic planning, which, in turn, has increasingly been carried out using a simulation model. The simulation model in regional strategic planning allows government agencies to predict their activities in the presence of various controlled and uncontrolled factors of the external and internal environment. In this study, the list of principles of strategic planning focused on the processes of strategic planning of the region using the method of simulation modeling is supplemented. A methodology for organizing strategic planning processes at the meso-level using simulation modeling technology is proposed.
For a wide range of readers interested in the problems of regional strategic planning.
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Benigno, Pierpaolo. Portfolio choices with near rational agents: A solution to some international-finance puzzles. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Benigno, Pierpaolo. Portfolio choices with near rational agents: A solution to some international-finance puzzles. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
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Carroll, Chris. The epidemiology of macroeconomic expectations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
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SAVEL'EVA, Ekaterina, Anna Fedchenko y Ol'ga Gegechkori. Fundamentals of labor organization in digital ecosystems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1063619.
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The textbook comprehensively presents the regularities of the formation of the theory and practice of labor organization in digital ecosystems. The key issues of digital labor organization are considered: development and implementation of project-network forms of division and cooperation of labor; design of optimal labor processes based on modern information and communication technologies; formation of rational labor mobility and labor flows; development and implementation of sound norms and rules in the field of digital labor; training of labor agents to work in the digital space; creation of balanced remuneration systems, recruitment and retention of labor agents, etc. Methodological principles of digital labor organization are highlighted, as well as approaches for studying and solving theoretical and practical issues of modern labor organization.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the areas of training 38.03.03 "Personnel Management", 38.03.02 "Management", 38.03.01 "Economics", studying labor organization issues, as well as project managers, HR specialists, labor organization engineers, ergonomists, production coordinators in distributed communities, community development program coordinators, course students, graduate students, teachers.
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Ghaleigh, Navraj Singh. Economics and International Climate Change Law. Editado por Kevin R. Gray, Richard Tarasofsky y Cinnamon Carlarne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199684601.003.0004.
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This chapter presents an economic analysis of climate change and international climate change law. From an economic perspective, the environment becomes a scarce resource which must be allocated between competing ends. The economics of climate change draws mainly on the two foundational insights of economics. The first is that the free exchange of goods tends to move resources to their highest valued use, in which case the allocation of resources is said to be ‘Pareto-efficient’. The second is that economic agents respond to incentives. Economic agents are rational utility maximizers, meaning that they will undertake those actions which raise their level of utility. The chapter examines economist Ronald Coase’s article The Problem of Social Cost, which deals with externalities, the cost or benefit that affects a party who did not choose to incur that cost or benefit, and applies it to pollution and emissions trading.
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Sugden, Robert. The Inner Rational Agent. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825142.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 reviews ‘behavioural welfare economics’—the approach to normative analysis that is favoured by most behavioural economists. This approach assumes that people have context-independent ‘true’ or ‘latent’ preferences which, because of psychologically-induced errors, are not always revealed in actual choices. Behavioural welfare economics aims to reconstruct latent preferences by identifying and removing the effects of error on decisions, and to design policies to satisfy those preferences. Its implicit model of human agency is of an ‘inner rational agent’ that interacts with the world through an imperfect psychological ‘shell’. I argue that there is no satisfactory evidence to support this model, and no credible psychological foundation for it. Since the concept of true preference has no empirical content, the idea that such preferences can be reconstructed is a mirage. Normative economics needs to be more radical in giving up rationality assumptions.
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Giocoli, Nicola. Modeling Rational Agents: From Interwar Economics to Early Modern Game Theory. Elgar Publishing Limited, Edward, 2003.
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Modeling Rational Agents: From Interwar Economics to Early Modern Game Theory. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2003.
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Wingfield, Nancy M. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801658.003.0008.
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This study of prostitution addresses female agency and experience, contemporary fears about sexual coercion and the forced movement of girls/women, and police surveillance. Rather than treating prostitutes solely as victims or problems to be solved, it seeks to find the historical subjects behind fin-de-siècle constructions of prostitutes, to restore agency to the women who participated in commercial sex, illuminate their quotidian experiences, and to place these women, some of whom made a rational economic decision to sell their bodies, in a larger social context. It investigates their interactions with police and other supervisory agents, as well as with other inhabitants of their world, rather than focusing top-down on the state-constructed apparatus of surveillance. Close reading of the sources shows that some prostitutes in late imperial Austria took control over their own fates, at least as much as other working-class women, in the decades before the end of the Monarchy.
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Cooperation, Council for Asia-Europe. Rationale and Common Agenda for Asia-Europe Cooperation. Nihon Kokusai Koryu Center, 2001.
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Cooperation, Council for Asia-Europe, ed. The rationale and common agenda for Asia-Europe cooperation: CAEC task force reports. Tokyo, Japan: Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation, 1997.
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Okasha, Samir. Can Adaptiveness and Rationality Part Ways? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198815082.003.0008.
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Given the abstract parallel between fitness and utility, it is natural to think that adaptive behaviour and rational behaviour will typically coincide, as many authors assume. However, a series of arguments, found in the philosophy, behavioural ecology, and economics literatures, suggest that in some cases the adaptive and the rational can part ways: evolution favours behaviours that violate the principles of rational choice. These ‘parting-of-ways’ arguments pose a challenge to agential thinking in biology—that is, to the idea that an evolved organism can be treated as akin to a rational agent pursuing a goal. However, in many cases the parting may be eliminated by suitable choice of utility function or fitness measure, or by reframing the decision problem.
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Bruns, Petra. Die Post 2015-Agenda Fur Nachhaltige Entwicklung: Eine Kritisch-Rationale Reflexion Uber Ihre Auswirkungen Auf Die Entwicklungspolitik. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 2015.
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Chen, Shu-Heng, Mak Kaboudan y Ye-Rong Du. Computational Economics in the Era of Natural Computationalism. Editado por Shu-Heng Chen, Mak Kaboudan y Ye-Rong Du. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.013.1.
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After a brief review of natural computationalism, this introductory chapter presents a new skeleton of computational economics and finance (CEF) along with an overview of the handbook. It begins with a conventional pursuit focusing on the algorithmic or numerical aspect of CEF such as computational efforts devoted to rational expectations, (dynamic) general equilibrium, and volatility. It then moves toward an automata- or organism-based perspective of CEF, involving nature-inspired intelligence, algorithmic trading, automated markets, network- and agent-based computing, and neural computing. As an alternative way to introduce this novel skeleton, the chapter starts with a view of computation or computing, addressing what computational economics intends to compute and what kinds of economics make computation so hard, and then it turns to a view of computing systems in which the Walrasian kind of computational economics is replaced by the Wolframian kind due to computational irreducibility.
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Wagner, R. Harrison. Rationalism and Security. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.285.
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In 1969, the game theorist John Harsanyi wrote an article criticizing the two main postulates of the general theory of social behavior prevalent at the time: the functionalist approach to the explanation of social institutions and the conformist approach to the explanation of individual behavior. According to Harsanyi, functionalist and conformist theories overstated the degree of consensus in societies, could not account for change, and described observed behavior without explaining it. Harsanyi proposed an alternative approach provided by theories based on the concept of rational choice (rational behavior, or rational decision-making). His goal was to develop a hypothetico-deductive theory explaining (and possibly predicting) a large number of empirical facts from a few relatively simple theoretical assumptions or axioms. Among students of international politics, Harsanyi’s approach sparked a controversy about rationalism. However, some critics of rationalism do not distinguish clearly between the interest-based theories Harsanyi criticized and the rational choice methods he advocated, and some even confuse both with neoclassical economics. In order to understand the issues raised in the controversy about rationalism, it is helpful to look at interest-based theories of politics and their relation to neoclassical economics. Game theory has provided a useful framework for the intellectual agenda outlined by Harsanyi, especially in the area of international security.
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Chen, Shu-Heng, Mak Kaboudan y Ye-Rong Du, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Computational Economics and Finance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199844371.001.0001.
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Being published as a celebration of the 60th anniversary of John von Neumann’s “Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata,” this handbook attempts to provide a unique reflection on the nature of computational economics and finance (CEF) in light of natural computationalism. We restructure CEF by including both nature-inspired computing and natural computing. This new framework allows us to have a view of CEF much broader than just the conventional algorithmic consideration. The book begins with a historical review of computational economics (CE), tracing its history far back to the era of analog computing. In these early days, advancements were mainly made using the idea of natural computing, and the subjects pursued by CE were the computing system as a whole, not just numerical computing. The handbook then is organized by distinguishing computing from computing systems. Six chapters (Chapters 2 to 7) are devoted to the former. They together present a review on the recent progresses in CE, as illustrated by the computation of rational expectations, general equilibrium, risk, and volatility. The subsequent 16 chapters are devoted to the computing-systemic view of CE, including natural-inspired computing (Chapters 8 to 12) and network, agent-based computing and neural computing (Chapters 13 to 23). In addition to providing alternative approaches to forecasting, investment strategies and risk management, etc., they enable us to have a 'natural' or more realistic description of the economy, starting from its decision makers; hence, market-design or policy-design issues involving different levels of the economy, be microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic, can be simultaneously addressed and coherently integrated. The handbook concludes with a chapter on what we may hope from CE by providing an in-depth review on the epistemological aspects of computation.
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Kanaga, David. Ecooperatic Music Game Theory. Editado por Roger T. Dean y Alex McLean. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190226992.013.11.
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Computer games can be approached as musical forms. Considered in this light, they operate on a number of scales that are typically considered hierarchically distinct, functioning at once as instrument, composition, notation, robotic musician(s), and ecosystem or ‘total music space’. The totalizing image is central, as the marriage of musics with games grants us the possibility of composing software experiences as ‘total artworks’, operatic toys assembled from a diverse set of interactive and deterministic algorithmic components. This understanding of games is grounded in the concept of ‘affordances’, as drawn from ecological psychology and explicitly contrasted with the totalizing psychosocial economism implied by game theory’s rational agents. The purpose of this chapter is to attempt a description of computer games in such a way as to aid in conceptualizing a pluralistic ecological ‘totality’ vis-à-vis the computer game medium’s essential musicality.
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Konstan, David. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887872.003.0007.
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In this short book, I have explored the way Greek and Roman conceptions of love affected their thinking about a range of sentiments in ways that may seem strange or at all events different to us today. The idea that love might erase the boundaries that separate two distinct selves puts in question our sense of what it is that constitutes an individual identity. It raises questions as well about the nature of altruism versus egoism, both because self-interest is often assumed to be the primary if not the sole motive for human action, and because, if friends really are another self, then it becomes difficult to distinguish at all what is done for the sake of another and what is done for one’s own sake. As an emotion, moreover, love stands apart from other motives for social interaction, for example, duty, obligation, a code of fairness or reciprocity, and sheer economic calculation, which is presumed to condition the behavior of the rational agent of choice postulated by modern economic theory....
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Clark, Gordon L. Behaviour in Context. Editado por Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler y Dariusz Wójcik. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755609.013.10.
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The behavioural revolution has profoundly affected how we conceptualize behaviour. The rational agent of standard microeconomic theory has been found wanting and, in its place, new formulations have been presented which take seriously human traits like myopia and loss aversion. Here it is argued that the behavioural revolution offers a way of understanding common problems in economic geography, such as co-location, clusters of innovation, the diffusion of innovation, and home bias. It is noted that earlier versions of behaviouralism stressed bounded rationality but underestimated the far-reaching consequences of the behavioural revolution. To explain the significance of these developments for understanding the intersection between cognition and context, we look closely at behaviour in time and space. The implications of behaviouralism for institutions are briefly considered, emphasizing the role that collective action in or through institutions can play in ameliorating the adverse effects of behavioural biases and anomalies.
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Whish, Richard y David Bailey. Competition Law. 10a ed. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198836322.001.0001.
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Competition Law explains competition law and policy in the EU and UK. The intention is to provide the reader with an understanding of competition law and policy, to introduce the reader to key economic concepts, legal principles and tools in competition law, and to provide insights into the numerous different issues that arise when applying competition law to market behaviour. Describing the economic rationale for the law, the chapters consider the application of EU and UK competition law to various business practices, including cartels, cooperation agreements, distribution agreements, licences of intellectual property rights, joint ventures, and mergers. The text has been updated to include the changes to UK law as a consequence of Brexit. It discusses for the first time the rise of powerful digital platforms and the quest for a suitable competition law and regulatory response to this phenomenon. It also considers the implications of the European Green Deal and the sustainability agenda for EU competition law and practice. The text incorporates extensive new legislation, case-law, decisional practice, guidelines and periodical literature at EU and UK level.
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Berger, Stefan. From the Search for Normality to the Search for Normality: German Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0012.
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This chapter demonstrates the overwhelming dominance of a Marxist, Soviet-inspired agenda, and the supremacy of social and especially economic history. During the Cold War, only the historians in the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) followed the Western path. Their counterparts in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) adhered to the Marxist-Leninist framework of history-writing prescribed by the ruling Socialist Unity Party (SED). The divided world of the Cold War ensured that history-writing in the FRG and GDR became highly polarized. Anti-communism remained the underlying rationale of much historical writing in the FRG during the 1950s, and anti-imperialism and anti-capitalism comprised the ideological backbone of the GDR’s historical profession. Ultimately, the Cold War was crucial in incorporating West and East German historians into different transnational networks. After 1945, the two Germanies were attempting to regain some kind of national as well as historiographical ‘normality’ following major political and historiographical caesuras.
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Tostado, Igor Pérez, ed. A Cultural History of Genocide in the Early Modern World. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350034822.
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Historical studies of genocide in the 20th century trace the roots back to the sociopolitical, economic, and cultural developments of the early modern period. From globalization to urbanization, to imperialism, state formation and homogenization, from religious warfare to enlightenment, to racism: many factors connected with genocide first emerged or vastly developed between the 15th and 18th centuries. While the early modern period did not have a crime of genocide, it possessed its own legal system which contemplated the rightful destruction of whole peoples, and a political culture that sanctioned the use of mass violence. As a result, early modern genocide has been denied or blurred as a regrettable side effect of the global circulation of ideas, goods, and peoples, and the creation of new societies, cultures, and languages arising from it. This collection looks at the different genocides which unfolded around the globe, emphasizing its gendered dimension and its disproportionate and enduring impact on indigenous populations. Although European imperialism and homogenization play a central role, it aims more widely to cover the principal agents, victims and rationale for genocide in the early modern world. As a whole, this volume aims at fostering the debate on the early modern history of genocide, not as an insulated or secondary subject, but as a central issue of the era with profound implications for our own.
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Handmer, John y Katharine Haynes, eds. Community Bushfire Safety. CSIRO Publishing, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643095618.
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Community Bushfire Safety brings together in one accessible and comprehensive volume the results of the most important community safety research being undertaken within the Australian Bushfire Cooperative Research Centre (CRC). Using perspectives deriving from social science, economics and law, it complements the extensive literature already existing on bushfires, which ranges from ecology and fire behaviour to information about emergency management. In doing so, the book supports the increasing emphasis on community safety and the vital role it has to play in Australian bushfire management.
Managing community safety requires a diversity of knowledge and an understanding of the many social processes that shape and ultimately determine a community’s resilience to bushfire. The wide range of issues covered in this volume reflects this diversity, including research into gender and vulnerability; the law and its implications for public/fire agency interactions; the arsonist’s rationale; the influence of the media; the role of economics in bushfire management and decision-making; understanding declines in fire brigade volunteerism; bushfire safety policy and its implementation; the effectiveness of community education and risk reduction schemes; and modes of building ignition.
Community Bushfire Safety is accessible to practitioners, policy-makers, researchers and students. While the research reported has been undertaken in Australia, much of the material is generic and is likely to be relevant and useful to those dealing with community bushfire safety elsewhere in the world.