Literatura académica sobre el tema "Rareté des données"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Rareté des données"
Gillis, Steven. "L'usage des corpus oraux pour la recherche sur l'acquisition". Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, n.º 45 (23 de abril de 2016): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.2016.511.
Texto completoLemelin, André. "L’estimation de l’emploi à partir de la distribution des établissements par taille". Articles 76, n.º 2 (5 de febrero de 2009): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602325ar.
Texto completoVigneau, François. "Trois mesures du vocabulaire chez des élèves d’écoles françaises du Nouveau-Brunswick". Revue de l'Université de Moncton 38, n.º 2 (9 de noviembre de 2009): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038495ar.
Texto completoCurtis, James, Douglas Baer, Edward Grabb y Thomas Perks. "Estimation des tendances de l’engagement dans les associations volontaires au cours des dernières décennies au Québec et au Canada anglais1". Sociologie et sociétés 35, n.º 1 (15 de junio de 2004): 115–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/008513ar.
Texto completoGrignon, Julie y François Vaillancourt. "Revenu, caractéristiques sociodémographiques et dépenses des ménages au Canada en 1978 et 1982". Articles 64, n.º 2 (28 de enero de 2009): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601447ar.
Texto completoSimbagoye, Athanase y Aïssatou Sow-Barry. "Bilinguisme scolaire dans l’enseignement du français en Afrique noire francophone : les cas du Burundi et de la Guinée". Articles 23, n.º 3 (10 de octubre de 2007): 665–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/031956ar.
Texto completoDvorak, Jan. "L’opposition -ci/-là/∅ avec le déterminant démonstratif dans le français oral informel". SHS Web of Conferences 138 (2022): 11007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202213811007.
Texto completoAgrawal, Arun. "Communautés, gouvernement intime et sujets de l’environnement au Kumaon, Inde". Anthropologie et Sociétés 29, n.º 1 (18 de noviembre de 2005): 21–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011739ar.
Texto completoDonnat, Sylvie. "Les gestes rituels autour des papyrus-amulettes (Égypte, fin du IIe millénaire av. n. è.)". Archimède. Archéologie et histoire ancienne 7 (9 de junio de 2020): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.47245/archimede.0007.ds1.04.
Texto completoArmstrong, Lilian. "The Study of Hand-Illumination and Woodcut Illustration in Italian Incunabula, 1960s -2020: Historiography and a Memoir". Bulletin du bibliophile N° 373, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2021): 9–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/bubib.373.0021.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Rareté des données"
Leroy, Boris. "Utilisation des bases de données biodiversité pour la conservation des taxons d’invertébrés : indices de rareté des assemblages d’espèces et modèles de prédiction de répartition d’espèces". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MNHN0033.
Texto completoInvertebrate taxa are underrepresented in conservation biology. To improve their inclusion, we aimed at providing principles and tools for their conservation. We analysed biodiversity database —defined as databases compiling species occurrences in space and time— which are the only sources of data for most invertebrate taxa. We applied important principles of data quality, and used a metric to quantify the completeness of biodiversity databases. We first developed a new tool at the assemblage level on the basis of databases of spiders and marine invertebrates: the Index of Relative Rarity. This index integrates a flexible parameter (the rarity cutoff) which allows fitting the index with respect to the considered taxon, geographic area and spatial scale. We then improved this index by including multiple scales or multiple phyla to assess the rarity of assemblages. We then developed tools at the species level: species distribution models. Using spiders as an example, we proposed an appropriate application for conservation purposes, to (1) define conservation priorities for species and (2) identify where conservation actions are most likely to succeed. The principles and methods that we developed allow an appropriate use of available biodiversity databases for conservation, are transferable to other invertebrate taxa and are innovative tools for conservation programs across multiple spatial scales
Michellier, Caroline. "Contribuer à la prévention des risques d'origine géologique :l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité des populations dans un contexte de rareté de données. Les cas de Goma et Bukavu (RDCongo)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257755.
Texto completoDoctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Li, Chuyuan. "Facing Data Scarcity in Dialogues for Discourse Structure Discovery and Prediction". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0107.
Texto completoA document is more than a random combination of sentences. It is, instead, a cohesive entity where sentences interact with each other to create a coherent structure and convey specific communicative goals. The field of discourse examines the sentence organization within a document, aiming to reveal its underlying structural information. Discourse analysis plays a crucial role in Natural Language Processing (NLP) and has demonstrated its usefulness in various downstream applications like summarization and question answering. Existing research efforts have focused on automatically extracting discourse structures through tasks such as discourse relation identification and discourse parsing. However, these data-driven methods have predominantly been applied to monologue scenarios, leading to limited availability and generalizability of discourse parsers for dialogues. In this thesis, we address this challenging problem: discourse analysis in dialogues, which presents unique difficulties due to the scarcity of suitable annotated data.We approach discourse analysis along two research lines: “Discourse Feature Discovery” and “Discourse Structure Prediction”. In the first research line, we conduct experiments to investigate linguistic markers, both lexical and non-lexical, in text classification tasks. We are particularly interested in the context of mental disorder identification since it reflects a realistic scenario. To address the issue of data sparsity, we propose techniques for enhancing data representation and feature engineering. Our results demonstrate that non-lexical and discourse-level (even though shallow) features are reliable indicators in developing more general and robust classifiers. In the second research line, our objective is to directly predict the discourse structure of a given document. We adopt the Segmented Discourse Representation Theory (SDRT) framework, which represents a document as a graph. The task of extracting this graph-like structure using machine learning techniques is commonly known as discourse parsing. Taking inspiration from recent studies that investigate the inner workings of Transformer-based models (“BERTology”'), we leverage discourse information encoded in Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and propose innovative extraction methods that require minimal supervision. Our discourse parsing approach involves two steps: first, we predict the discourse structure, and then we identify the relations within the structure. This two-stage process allows for a comprehensive analysis of the parser's performance at each stage. Using self-supervised learning strategies, our parser achieves encouraging results for the full parsing. We conduct extensive analyses to evaluate the parser's performance across different discourse structures and propose directions for future improvements
Falip, Joris. "Structuration de données multidimensionnelles : une approche basée instance pour l'exploration de données médicales". Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIMS014/document.
Texto completoA posteriori use of medical data accumulated by practitioners represents a major challenge for clinical research as well as for personalized patient follow-up. However, health professionals lack the appropriate tools to easily explore, understand and manipulate their data. To solve this, we propose an algorithm to structure elements by similarity and representativeness. This method allows individuals in a dataset to be grouped around representative and generic members who are able to subsume the elements and summarize the data. This approach processes each dimension individually before aggregating the results and is adapted to high-dimensional data and also offers transparent, interpretable and explainable results. The results we obtain are suitable for exploratory analysis and reasoning by analogy: the structure is similar to the organization of knowledge and decision-making process used by experts. We then propose an anomaly detection algorithm that allows complex and high-dimensional anomalies to be detected by analyzing two-dimensional projections. This approach also provides interpretable results. We evaluate these two algorithms on real and simulated high-dimensional data with up to thousands of dimensions. We analyze the properties of graphs resulting from the structuring of elements. We then describe a medical data pre-processing tool and a web application for physicians. Through this intuitive tool, we propose a visual structure of the elements to ease the exploration. This decision support prototype assists medical diagnosis by allowing the physician to navigate through the data and explore similar patients. It can also be used to test clinical hypotheses on a cohort of patients
Maaroufi, Meriem. "Interopérabilité des données médicales dans le domaine des maladies rares dans un objectif de santé publique". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066275/document.
Texto completoThe digitalization of healthcare is on and multiple e-health projects are unceasingly coming up. In the rare diseases context, a field that has become a public health policy priority in France, e-health could be a solution to improve rare diseases epidemiology and to propose a better care for patients. The national data bank for rare diseases (BNDMR) offers the centralization of these epidemiological studies conduction for all rare diseases and all affected patients followed in the French healthcare system. The BNDMR must grow in a dense and heterogeneous digital landscape. Developing the BNDMR interoperability is the objective of this thesis’ work. How to identify patients, including fetuses? How to federate patients’ identities to avoid duplicates creation? How to link patients’ data to allow studies’ conduction? In response to these questions, we propose a universal method for patients’ identification that meets the requirements of health data protection. Which data should be collected in the national data bank? How to improve and facilitate the development of interoperability between these data and those from the wide range of the existing systems? In response to these questions, we first propose the collection of a standardized minimum data set for all rare diseases. The implementation of international standards provides a first step toward interoperability. We then propose to move towards the discovery of mappings between heterogeneous data sources. Minimizing human intervention by adopting automated alignment techniques and making these alignments’ results reliable and exploitable were the main motivations of our proposal
Alamé, Melissa. "Intégration de données et caractérisation du microenvironnement tumoral de tumeurs rares". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT046.
Texto completoThe development of high-throughput technologies, especially Next Generation Sequencing, has triggered considerable advances in tumor understanding and molecular classification. Patient subgroups for a same tumor have been defined and characterized. Those subgroups are typically associated with a particular prognosis or eligible to a specific targeted therapy. These progresses paved the way towards personalized medicine.The understanding of the contribution of the tumor microenvironment (TME) to disease aggressiveness, progression, and therapy resistance is another revolution in cancer biology and patient care. The contribution of the aforementioned high-throughput technologies was essential. At the era of immunotherapy, the sub-classification of tumors based on their TME composition identified patient subgroups correlated to survival and to their response to this particular class of drugs. Despite a formidable community effort, the molecular and immunological classification of tumors has not been completed for every cancer, some rare and aggressive entities still require thorough characterization. Moreover, most TME studies have focused on the cellular composition and they neglected the mapping of the intercellular communications networks occurring in neoplasms. The advent of single-cell technologies is filling this gap, but with a strong focus on the most frequent cancers.In my thesis, I have both deployed advanced data integration methods and a novel approach to infer ligand-receptor networks relied on a database (LRdb), which is developed by the Colinge Lab, to characterize the TME of two rare tumors, Salivary Duct Carcinoma (SDC) and Primary Central Nervous System Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (PCNSL). I have combined classical – yet advanced – bioinformatic and multivariate statistics methods integrating bulk transcriptomics and proteomics data, including fresh and TCGA data. Those computational techniques were supplemented with immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry coupled with digital imaging to obtain experimental validations. To accommodate limited patient cohorts, I have searched for highly coherent messages at all the levels of my analyses. I also devoted important efforts relating our findings with the literature to put them in a clinical perspective. In particular, our approach revealed TME groups of tumors with particular prognosis, immune evasion and therapy resistance mechanisms, several clinical biomarkers, and new therapeutic perspectives
Garcelon, Nicolas. "Problématique des entrepôts de données textuelles : dr Warehouse et la recherche translationnelle sur les maladies rares". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB257/document.
Texto completoThe repurposing of clinical data for research has become widespread with the development of clinical data warehouses. These data warehouses are modeled to integrate and explore structured data related to thesauri. These data come mainly from machine (biology, genetics, cardiology, etc.) but also from manual data input forms. The production of care is also largely providing textual data from hospital reports (hospitalization, surgery, imaging, anatomopathologic etc.), free text areas in electronic forms. This mass of data, little used by conventional warehouses, is an indispensable source of information in the context of rare diseases. Indeed, the free text makes it possible to describe the clinical picture of a patient with more precision and expressing the absence of signs and uncertainty. Particularly for patients still undiagnosed, the doctor describes the patient's medical history outside any nosological framework. This wealth of information makes clinical text a valuable source for translational research. However, this requires appropriate algorithms and tools to enable optimized re-use by doctors and researchers. We present in this thesis the data warehouse centered on the clinical document, which we have modeled, implemented and evaluated. In three cases of use for translational research in the context of rare diseases, we attempted to address the problems inherent in textual data: (i) recruitment of patients through a search engine adapted to textual (data negation and family history detection), (ii) automated phenotyping from textual data, and (iii) diagnosis by similarity between patients based on phenotyping. We were able to evaluate these methods on the data warehouse of Necker-Enfants Malades created and fed during this thesis, integrating about 490,000 patients and 4 million reports. These methods and algorithms were integrated into the software Dr Warehouse developed during the thesis and distributed in Open source since September 2017
Garret, Philippine. "Approches bioinformatiques innovantes pour l’analyse de données de séquençage à haut-débit appliquées à l’étude de pathologies génétiques rares avec anomalies du développement". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCK020.
Texto completoIn the last years, the advent of exome sequencing (ES) in diagnosis and in research led to the identification of the genetic bases of many Mendelian disorders, allowing many diagnostic wavering cases to be solved. Nevertheless, ES data analysis only leads to the identification of pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in 30 to 45 % of the undiagnosed cases. Indeed, some limits exist, both at clinical, molecular and bioinformatic levels. The constant evolution of the clinical knowledge, of the number of genes involved in human diseases, and of the clinical-biological correlations, has a significant impact on data analysis, leading to a progressive improvement in diagnostic research. Limits of the current technologies, especially not covered regions, exist, but have been significantly reduced in the recent years. Although genome sequencing will solve some undiagnosed cases, especially in case of non-coding or structural variants, there is still a lot of information to be extracted and analyzed from ES data. Finally, beyond SNV and CNV analyzes, other genetic events can be involved in rare disorders, requiring a bioinformatic development to optimize results.The aim of the project was therefore to improve bioinformatic approaches of ES data analysis in order to identify new molecular mechanisms involved in rare genetic disorders and reduce diagnostic wavering.Several strategies were established. The first one consisted in reanalysing ES data from 80 undiagnosed patients, who were sequenced by the Laboratoire CERBA (CIFRE thesis). It led to the identification of 2 new candidate genes involved in ID, especially OTUD7A gene (article 1). The second strategy was the development of a bioinformatic pipeline in order to extract mitochondrial DNA data from ES data. The mitochondrial genome is not targeted by exome capture kits but can be extracted from off-target data, giving the opportunity to analyze it from preexisting ES data. From the GAD exomes cohort of undiagnosed patients, 2 causal variations were identified in 2 individuals out of 928, affected with neuro-developmental disorder. It thus solved the diagnostic wavering in 0.2 % of patients without diagnosis (article 2). The third strategy consisted in the development of a bioinformatic pipeline to identify mobile elements insertion within ES data, with the expectation that about 0.03 % of the pathogenic variants originate from de novo mobile element insertion. From the GAD exomes cohort of 3322 undiagnosed patients, this step led to the identification of two Alu element insertions in FERMT1 and GRIN2B gene exons (article 3, in process).This PhD permitted to push out some ES limits. Other perspectives exist, and are explored by the GAD team, in connection with the European Solve-RD project
Himoudi, Abdelilah. "Simulation numérique de la cinétique des ions dans les gaz rares faiblement ionisés : détermination des données de base". Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30171.
Texto completoChennen, Kirsley. "Maladies rares et "Big Data" : solutions bioinformatiques vers une analyse guidée par les connaissances : applications aux ciliopathies". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ076/document.
Texto completoOver the last decade, biomedical research and medical practice have been revolutionized by the post-genomic era and the emergence of Big Data in biology. The field of rare diseases, are characterized by scarcity from the patient to the domain knowledge. Nevertheless, rare diseases represent a real interest as the fundamental knowledge accumulated as well as the developed therapeutic solutions can also benefit to common underlying disorders. This thesis focuses on the development of new bioinformatics solutions, integrating Big Data and Big Data associated approaches to improve the study of rare diseases. In particular, my work resulted in (i) the creation of PubAthena, a tool for the recommendation of relevant literature updates, (ii) the development of a tool for the analysis of exome datasets, VarScrut, which combines multi-level knowledge to improve the resolution rate
Libros sobre el tema "Rareté des données"
Morgan, Vicky. Datasheets of flora species for revision of appendix I of the Bern Convention =: Fiches des données sur les espèces de flore pour la révision de l'annexe I de la Convention de Berne. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press, 1992.
Buscar texto completoCrowley, Lara M. Manuscript Matters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821861.001.0001.
Texto completoAquino-Weber, Dorothée y Maguelone Sauzet. La Suisse romande et ses patois. Autour de la place et du devenir des langues francoprovençale et oïlique. Éditions Alphil-Presses universitaires suisses, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/alphil.03170.
Texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Rareté des données"
"RARETÉ DE DONNÉES SUR L’EXPÉDITION DU PAPIER À DESTINATION CANADIENNE". En Le papier voyageur. Provenance, circulation et utilisation en Nouvelle-France au XVIIe siècle, 151–56. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1g247m6.15.
Texto completoRicks, Christopher. "Philip Larkin: ‘Like Something Almost Being Said’". En The Force Of Poetry, 274–84. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198183266.003.0012.
Texto completoSawday, Jonathan. "Censored Space". En Blanks, Print, Space, and Void in English Renaissance Literature, 399—C9P99. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845641.003.0010.
Texto completoMalcolm, Noel. "Northern Europe: literary works". En Forbidden Desire in Early Modern Europe, 277–309. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198886334.003.0017.
Texto completoMacDonald, Michael y Terence R. Murphy. "The Revival of Lenienry". En Sleepless Souls, 109–43. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198229193.003.0005.
Texto completoField, Christopher D. S. "Jenkins and the Cosmography of Harmony". En John Jenkins and his Time, 1–74. Oxford University PressOxford, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198164616.003.0001.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Rareté des données"
Ordioni, U., G. Labrosse, F. Campana, R. Lan, J. H. Catherine y A. F. Albertini. "Granulomatose oro-faciale révélatrice d’une maladie de Crohn : présentation d’un cas". En 66ème Congrès de la SFCO. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sfco/20206603017.
Texto completoSonesson, Göran. "Rhetoric from the standpoint of the Lifeworld". En Le Groupe μ : quarante ans de rhétorique – trente-trois ans de sémiotique visuelle. Limoges: Université de Limoges, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.25965/as.3106.
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