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Puerta, Carmen y Ana Urrutia. "A Dual Decomposition of Some Rank Dependent Social Evaluation Functions". International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 24, Suppl. 1 (diciembre de 2016): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488516400067.
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In the context of the dual decomposition of the rank dependent social evaluation functions we examine the k-PTS principle introduced by Gajdos and introduce a new property with balanced sensitivity to both tails of the distribution. In particular we analyse its implications for the S-Gini family.
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Mattan, Bradley D., Jennifer T. Kubota y Jasmin Cloutier. "How Social Status Shapes Person Perception and Evaluation: A Social Neuroscience Perspective". Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, n.º 3 (mayo de 2017): 468–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616677828.
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Inferring the relative rank (i.e., status) of others is essential to navigating social hierarchies. A survey of the expanding social psychological and neuroscience literatures on status reveals a diversity of focuses (e.g., perceiver vs. agent), operationalizations (e.g., status as dominance vs. wealth), and methodologies (e.g., behavioral, neuroscientific). Accommodating this burgeoning literature on status in person perception, the present review offers a novel social neuroscientific framework that integrates existing work with theoretical clarity. This framework distinguishes between five key concepts: (1) strategic pathways to status acquisition for agents, (2) status antecedents (i.e., perceptual and knowledge-based cues that confer status rank), (3) status dimensions (i.e., domains in which an individual may be ranked, such as wealth), (4) status level (i.e., one’s rank along a given dimension), and (5) the relative importance of a given status dimension, dependent on perceiver and context characteristics. Against the backdrop of this framework, we review multiple dimensions of status in the nonhuman and human primate literatures. We then review the behavioral and neuroscientific literatures on the consequences of perceived status for attention and evaluation. Finally, after proposing a social neuroscience framework, we highlight innovative directions for future social status research in social psychology and neuroscience.
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Cordoba, Juan Carlos y Xiying Liu. "STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE AND DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY EVALUATION: A CRITIQUE". Journal of Demographic Economics 82, n.º 1 (29 de febrero de 2016): 111–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dem.2016.1.
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Abstract:Stochastic dominance (SD) is commonly used to rank income distributions and assess social policies. The literature argues that SD is a robust criterion for policy evaluation because it requires minimal knowledge of the social welfare function. We argue that, on the contrary, SD is not a robust criterion. We do this by carefully introducing microfoundations into a model by Chu and Koo (1990) who use SD to provide support to family-planning programs aiming at reducing the fertility of the poor. We show that fertility restrictions are generally detrimental for both individual and social welfare in spite of the fact that SD holds. Our findings are an application of the Lucas’ Critique.
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Ben-Moshe, Dan. "IDENTIFICATION OF JOINT DISTRIBUTIONS IN DEPENDENT FACTOR MODELS". Econometric Theory 34, n.º 1 (21 de febrero de 2017): 134–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646661700007x.
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This paper studies linear factor models that have arbitrarily dependent factors. Assuming that the coefficients are known and that their matrix representation satisfies rank conditions, we identify the nonparametric joint distribution of the unobserved factors using first and then second-order partial derivatives of the log characteristic function of the observed variables. In conjunction with these identification strategies the mean and variance of the vector of factors are identified. The main result provides necessary and sufficient conditions for identification of the joint distribution of the factors. In an illustrative example, we show identification of an earnings dynamics model with a subset of arbitrarily dependent income shocks. Closed-form formulas lead to estimators that converge uniformly and despite being based on inverse Fourier transforms have tight confidence bands around their theoretical counterparts in Monte Carlo simulations.
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Damaševičius, Robertas y Rytis Maskeliūnas. "Agent State Flipping Based Hybridization of Heuristic Optimization Algorithms: A Case of Bat Algorithm and Krill Herd Hybrid Algorithm". Algorithms 14, n.º 12 (10 de diciembre de 2021): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14120358.
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This paper describes a unique meta-heuristic technique for hybridizing bio-inspired heuristic algorithms. The technique is based on altering the state of agents using a logistic probability function that is dependent on an agent’s fitness rank. An evaluation using two bio-inspired algorithms (bat algorithm (BA) and krill herd (KH)) and 12 optimization problems (cross-in-tray, rotated hyper-ellipsoid (RHE), sphere, sum of squares, sum of different powers, McCormick, Zakharov, Rosenbrock, De Jong No. 5, Easom, Branin, and Styblinski–Tang) is presented. Furthermore, an experimental evaluation of the proposed scheme using the industrial three-bar truss design problem is presented. The experimental results demonstrate that the hybrid scheme outperformed the baseline algorithms (mean rank for the hybrid BA-KH algorithm is 1.279 vs. 1.958 for KH and 2.763 for BA).
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Sancoko, Sancoko, Zahra Shalsabilla Prayogi, Badra Al Aufa y Rahmat Yuliawan. "Evaluation of Employee Acceptance of the IMS Application at PT Sarana Utama Adimandiri: TAM Approach". ILKOM Jurnal Ilmiah 14, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2022): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/ilkom.v14i1.1120.74-79.
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PT Sarana Utama Adimandiri (SUA) which is engaged in the construction sector implements an IMS application in its purchasing activity. This paper aims at describing the evaluation of employee acceptance of the information system at PT SUA using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) approach. TAM has two main variables i.e: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use which function as independent variables, while the dependent variable is acceptance of IT (integrated management system/IMS applications). The population and sample in this study were all employees of PT SUA, which was used to obtain research data through the distribution of structured questionnaires. The instrument was tested using validity and reliability tests, and data was analyzed by using spearman rank test. This study suggests that there is a strong effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on acceptance of IT.
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Yusuf, Ah, Retno Indarwati y Arifudin Dwi Jayanto. "Brain Gym Improves Cognitive Function for Elderly". Jurnal Ners 5, n.º 1 (2 de abril de 2017): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v5i1.3927.
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Introduction: The degradation of cognitive function present early dementia in elderly. Brain gym is one of the alternative implementation to improve the cognitive function of elderly. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of brain gym to the improvement of cognitive function in elderly.Methods: This study used Quasy Experimental design. The populations were elderly in Social Service Unit Tresna Werdha Lamongan. The samples were recruited using purposive sampling, consist of 30 respondents, taken according to the inclusion criteria. Samples then divided into 2 groups, experimental groups and control groups. The independent variable of research this study was brain gym and the dependent variable was cognitive function at elderly. Data were collected by using MMSE score and then analyzed using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann Whitney Test with level of significance α ≤ 0.05.Results: Result showed that there is an effect of brain gym to the improvement of cognitive function in elderly (p = 0.001). The difference of cognitive function also seen between experimental groups and control groups (p = 0.001).Conclusion: The conclusion of this research is brain gym improve cognitive function in elderly. The simple movement of brain gym able to coordinate the brain function so the brain activity become more optimal hence the improvement of memory function, recall and concentration.
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Nixon, A., J. Allen, E. Miller, S. Savage, N. Kaplan, M. Starr, J. Bendell, H. Uronis, N. Fernando y H. Hurwitz. "Clinical evaluation of nitric oxide responses to anti-VEGF therapy with bevacizumab". Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, n.º 18_suppl (20 de junio de 2007): 14039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.14039.
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14039 Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has been linked to hypertension (HTN) and arterial thrombo-embolic events that may involve changes in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Methods: 25 patients (pts) with advanced cancer, normal renal function and blood pressure (BP), no increased risks for anti-VEGF toxicities, and not on medications known to confound biomarker studies (including anti-hypertensives) were treated with bevacizumab (BV) 15mg/kg d1, then 10mg/kg q2 week. Prior to biomarker assessment, all patients were placed on a calorie-, nitrate-, and salt-restricted diet for 72 hr. All measures were taken pre-treatment (preRx) and on day 28 of treatment (onRx). Dependant variables included; a) Brachial artery reactivity (BAR) following hyperemic flow stimulus (endothelium-dependent) and sub-lingual nitroglycerine (NTG; endothelium-independent); b) exhaled and plasma/urine total NO2/NO3 using chemiluminescence (Sievers 280NOA) with either KI or VCl3 in HCl as the reductants; c) blood pressure. Additionally, we measured multiple regulators of vascular tone and injury. Comparisons were analyzed using Spearman signed rank tests. Results: Of 25 pts (16 F, 9 M) treated, 21 patients were fully evaluable. Significant changes or strong trends were observed upon comparing preRx vs. onRx for BP (SBP +12.4, DBP +5.6, MAP +7.9 mm Hg), and flow-mediated BAR (-2.0%) with no changes in hyperemic flow/shear stimulus or smooth muscle function (BAR NTG), indicating a decrease in brachial artery endothelial responsiveness. Exhaled NO decreased (-0.8% d1vs d28 and -0.6% pre/post infusion day1). Measurement and data analysis of urinary/plasma NO2/NO3, as well as angiogenic markers, are almost complete and will be reported. Conclusions: After one month of treatment, BV increased BP and decreased endothelium- dependent BAR and exhaled NO, suggesting potentially broad, mechanism-based effects on NO bioavailability in patients. [Table: see text]
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Pence, Brandt D., Tushar K. Bhattacharya, Pul Park, Jennifer L. Rytych, Jacob M. Allen, Yi Sun, Robert H. McCusker et al. "Dose-dependent decrease in mortality with no cognitive or muscle function improvements due to dietary EGCG supplementation in aged mice". Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 42, n.º 5 (mayo de 2017): 495–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2016-0530.
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We have previously shown that a diet containing epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and beta-alanine is not effective in improving either cognitive or muscle function in aged (18 month) mice (Gibbons et al., Behav. Brain Res., 2014, 272:131–140; Pence et al., Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab., 2016, 41(2): 181–190). However, this diet reduced oxidative stress in the brain, and previous studies using longer term interventions and other doses have documented beneficial effects in cognitive and muscle function, especially with EGCG. Here we hypothesized that a different dose of EGCG or longer feeding period would be more efficacious in improving cognition. Aged (21–25 mo) Balb/cByJ male mice underwent 63 days of feeding with EGCG at 0, 0.091, or 3.67 mg/g AIN-93M diet and were then subjected to a battery of cognitive and muscle function tests. EGCG feeding at either of the 2 doses did not alter preference for novel versus familiar arm in the Y-maze test (p = 0.29) and did not affect learning in the active avoidance test (p = 0.76). Similarly, EGCG did not affect preference for novel versus familiar mice in a social discrimination test (p = 0.17). Likewise, there was no effect of EGCG on muscle function by grip strength (p = 0.16), rotarod (p = 0.18), or treadmill test to exhaustion (p = 0.25). EGCG reduced mortality in a dose-dependent fashion (p = 0.05, log-rank test for trend), with 91% of high EGCG, 72% of low EGCG, and 55% of control mice surviving to the end of the study. In conclusion, EGCG improves survival in aged mice but does not affect cognitive or muscle function.
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Caradonna, Salvatore G., Tie-Yuan Zhang, Nicholas O’Toole, Mo-Jun Shen, Huzefa Khalil, Nathan R. Einhorn, Xianglan Wen et al. "Genomic modules and intramodular network concordance in susceptible and resilient male mice across models of stress". Neuropsychopharmacology 47, n.º 5 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01219-8.
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AbstractThe multifactorial etiology of stress-related disorders necessitates a constant interrogation of the molecular convergences in preclinical models of stress that use disparate paradigms as stressors spanning from environmental challenges to genetic predisposition to hormonal signaling. Using RNA-sequencing, we investigated the genomic signatures in the ventral hippocampus common to mouse models of stress. Chronic oral corticosterone (CORT) induced increased anxiety- and depression-like behavior in wild-type male mice and male mice heterozygous for the gene coding for brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met, a variant associated with genetic susceptibility to stress. In a separate set of male mice, chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) led to a susceptible or a resilient population, whose proportion was dependent on housing conditions, namely standard housing or enriched environment. Rank-rank-hypergeometric overlap (RRHO), a threshold-free approach that ranks genes by their p value and effect size direction, was used to identify genes from a continuous gradient of significancy that were concordant across groups. In mice treated with CORT and in standard-housed susceptible mice, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were concordant for gene networks involved in neurotransmission, cytoskeleton function, and vascularization. Weighted gene co-expression analysis generated 54 gene hub modules and revealed two modules in which both CORT and CSDS-induced enrichment in DEGs, whose function was concordant with the RRHO predictions, and correlated with behavioral resilience or susceptibility. These data showed transcriptional concordance across models in which the stress coping depends upon hormonal, environmental, or genetic factors revealing common genomic drivers that embody the multifaceted nature of stress-related disorders.
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Dwi Ernawati, Nuh Huda y Amelia Kristina Merry Pitaloka. "Analisis Faktor Individu Terhadap Tugas Kesehatan Keluarga Penderita Diabetes Melitus Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Driyorejo Kabupaten Gresik". Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan MAKIA 10, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37413/jmakia.v10i1.19.
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ABSTRACT
The family function as a support system for members suffering from Diabetes Melitus demands greater economic, social, and psychological sacrifice from the family. The inability of the family to carry out five family health tasks for people with DM can be caused by several factors, including family knowledge and family social economy. This is can be related to family health duties. The aim of this study is determine the relationship of individual factors to family health tasks that have been carried out on families of people with Diabetes Mellitus at Primary Health Center of Driyorejo Gresik .
The design of this study used observational analytic methods. The sampling was done by cluster sampling method and obtained a sample of 67 respondents. Independent variables is individual factors while the dependent variable is family health tasks. Research instruments for individual factors were age, sex, education, occupation, duration of suffering from diabetes mellitus and family’s health tasks measuring by questionnaire. Analysis data with Spearman Rank test.
The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between individual factors consisting of age and education with the health assignments of families with diabetes mellitus patients. Spearman rank test results obtained p-value of 0.003 <0.05 at age, and 0.013 <0.05 in education.
Health workers can improve health promotion to the community regarding ideal body weight monitoring, healthy living, routine blood sugar and family checkups to support diabetics to participate in health programs to prevent further complications of diabetes mellitus
Keywords : Individual factors, family’s health tasks, Diabetes Mellitus
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Young, Christopher, Oliver Schülke y Julia Ostner. "How males form coalitions against group rivals and the Pandit/van Schaik coalition model". Behaviour 151, n.º 7 (2014): 907–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003166.
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In group living animals, there is pronounced variation in the formation and function of cooperation between males via coalitionary aggression. Pandit, van Schaik and colleagues developed a mathematical model to predict the evolution of different coalition types in group-living male primates, the PvS model. Coalitions are classified into five types dependent on the ranks of the participants and the function of the aggression. The main factor determining the coalition types expected to evolve is contest potential, an estimate of female monopolisability by individual males. We examined the model using groups of Assamese (Macaca assamensis) and Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus) to gain a full range of contest potentials. We observed, across groups, 393 coalitions during 3645 h of data collection. We measured contest potential on a species-specific basis dependent on the information males can infer about female reproductive state. By examining coalition formation in different populations and species, but also in the same groups over time, we showed the strengths and weaknesses of the PvS model. We discuss why our results do not fully fit the model’s predictions, including differing costs/benefits of coalition formation, such as delayed benefits via increased status, making rank-changing coalitions viable at mid–low contest potential. Alternative factors not considered by the model include the effect of male social bonds on coalition partner choice and the effect of female mate-choice on coalition target selection. Finally, we suggest possible improvements to the model and provide information on how best to test the current predictions of the PvS model.
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Tabatabaei-Jafari, Hossein, Marnie E. Shaw, Erin Walsh y Nicolas Cherbuin. "Cognitive/Functional Measures Predict Alzheimer’s Disease, Dependent on Hippocampal Volume". Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, n.º 7 (21 de enero de 2019): 1393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbz011.
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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of cognitive/functional measures in combination with hippocampal volume (HCV) on the probability of conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test for immediate memory, Mini-Mental State Examination, a functional assessment for independent daily activities and Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale were used as cognitive/functional measures and HCV as neuroimaging measure. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to explore the measures’ predictive values for AD conversion and time to conversion. Results The probability of conversion from MCI to AD was associated with cognitive function, but this was moderated by HCV: higher at lower HCV and lower at higher HCV. General cognitive/functional measures were less predictive than immediate memory in predicting time to conversion to AD at small HCVs. Conclusion Effectiveness of cognitive measures and subtle functional abnormality in predicting conversion from MCI to AD is dependent on HCV, thus combined evaluation should be considered. A combination of HCV and immediate memory appear to perform best in predicting time to conversion.
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Jennings, Edel, Mark Roddy, Alexander J. Leckey y Guy Feigenblat. "Use of Scripted Role-Play in Evaluation of Multiple-User Multiple-Service Mobile Social and Pervasive Systems". International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 7, n.º 4 (octubre de 2015): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2015100103.
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Mobile and social computing is rapidly evolving towards a deeper integration with the physical world due to the proliferation of smart connected objects. It is widely acknowledged that involving end users in the design, development and evaluation of applications that function within the resulting complex socio-technical systems is crucial. However, reliable methods for managing evaluation of medium fidelity prototypes, whose utility is often dependent on rich data sets and/or the presence of multiple users simultaneously engaging in multiple activities, have not yet emerged. The authors report on the use of scripted role-play as an experimental approach applied in a mixed-methods evaluation of early prototypes of a suite of professional networking applications targeting a conference attendance scenario. Their evaluation was significantly constrained by the limited availability of a small cohort of end users for a relatively short period of time, which pose a challenge to define interactions that would ensure these users could experience and understand the novel application features. The authors observed that participatory role-play facilitated deeper user engagement with, exploration of, and discussion about, the mobile social applications than would have been possible with traditional usability approaches given the small user cohort and the time-constrained conditions.
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Angelika, Putu Veby, The Maria Meiwati Widagdo, Widya Christine Manus y Silvester Haripurnomo. "CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN BURDENS AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN CAREGIVERS OF DEPENDENT ELDERLY IN PRAWIRODIRJAN VILLAGE". Journal of Widya Medika Junior 4, n.º 2 (abril de 2022): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33508/jwmj.v4i2.3779.
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Background: Aging is synonymous with decreased body function due to natural factors (aging process) and diseases. The elderly who are unable to do their activities can cause dependence on the caregiver. In carrying out its role, the caregiver has burdens that can affect their life quality. Objective: To measure the correlation between the burden and the quality of life in caregivers of dependent elderly in Prawirodirjan Sub-district, Gondomanan District, Yogyakarta Municipality. Materials and Methods: This study used a cross-sectional method with a total sample of 33 participants. Caregiver burden was measured using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and Caregiver Reaction Assessment (CRA) questionnaires. Measurements of quality of life were conducted using the WHO QoL BREF questionnaire. Spearman rank correlation analysis was administered to conduct statistical analysis. Results: There were very significant negative correlations between the caregiver’s burden (ZBI) and WHO QoL BREF physical health domain, psychological domain, social relations domain, and environment domain. There were very significant positive correlations between the caregiver’s burden self-esteem caregiver’s domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF psychological domain. There was a significant negative correlation between the caregiver's burden of the family support domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF physical health domain, psychological domain, social relations domain, and environment domain. There was a significant negative correlation between the caregiver’s burden impacts on the financial domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF environment domain. There was a very significant negative correlation between the caregiver’s burden of daily schedule impact domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF environment domain as well as there was a very significant negative correlation between the caregiver’s burden of health impact domain (CRA) and WHO QoL BREF physical health domain. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between burden and the quality of life of dependent elderly caregivers in Prawirodirjan Village, Gondomanan District, Yogyakarta Municipality. The higher the burden of a caregiver, the lower the caregiver's quality of life, and conversely.
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Lawson, MA, D. Li, CA Glidewell-Kenney y FJ Lopez. "Androgen responsiveness of the pituitary gonadotrope cell line LbetaT2". Journal of Endocrinology 170, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2001): 601–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1700601.
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Androgens have a profound effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis by reducing the synthesis and release of the pituitary gonadotropin LH. The effect on LH is partly a consequence of a direct, steroid-dependent action on pituitary function. Although androgen action has been well studied in vivo, in vitro cell models of androgen action on pituitary gonadotropes have been scarce. Recently, an LH-expressing cell line, LbetaT2, was generated by tumorigenesis targeted to the LH-producing cells of the mouse pituitary. The purpose of these studies was to determine the presence of androgen receptor (AR) and establish its function in this cell line. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the LbetaT2 cell line expresses AR mRNA. Transient transfection assays, using the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter, showed that a functional AR is also present. Testosterone (TEST), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), 7alpha-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT), and fluoxymesterone (FLUOXY) increased reporter gene activity in the rank order of potencies MENT>DHT> TEST>FLUOXY. Additionally, activation of MMTV promoter activity by DHT in LbetaT2 cells was diminished by the AR antagonists casodex and 2-hydroxy-flutamide, indicating that the effects of DHT are mediated through AR. In summary, these studies showed that the LbetaT2 cell line is a useful model for the evaluation and molecular characterization of androgen action in pituitary gonadotropes.
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Rahmania Ambarika, Angga Ladzi Syafroni y Novita Ana Anggraini. "The Role of Family in Improving of PHBS Behavior to Adapt a New Habits (AKB) to Prevent from High Risk of Covid-19 in Elderly". Journal of Global Research in Public Health 7, n.º 2 (27 de diciembre de 2022): 136–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jgrph.v7i2.410.
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Elder people are an age group that have experienced a decreasing body function system in many aspects, such as physical, psychological and social. The existence of these limitations will greatly affect the ability/independence in carrying out Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS) in efforts to prevent from Covid-19. The elderly are also included in the category with a high risk of being susceptible to Covid-19 because most of the elderly people have comorbidities such hypertension and diabetes mellitus, etc. One of the factors related to PHBS in the elderly people is family support. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the role of the family on PHBS behavior in adapting to new habits (AKB) to prevent high risk of Covid-19 in the elderly. This research design used an observational with a cross sectional approach. The population was all elderly people with a total of 40 elderly. The samples were 36 respondents using Simple Random Sampling technique. The independent variable was the Family Role and the dependent variable was PHBS behavior adaptation to new habits. The data collection using questionnaires and the data analysis used Spearman Rank at α = 0.05.The results showed that most of the respondents had a family role in the support category as many as 23 respondents (63%) and most of the respondents 23 (63%) had PHBS behavior adapted to new habits in the moderate category. The results of the Spearman Rank obtained a p-value (0.000) < α (0.05) with a correlation coefficient of 0.698 which means a strong correlation. Thus, H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted which means there is an influence between the family role and PHBS behavior to adapt to new habits (AKB) to prevent high risk Covid-19 in elderly.The role of the family in caring for the elderly people is the main support system for them. In maintaining their health, the family can do things such as physical, psychological, social and spiritual care, so there will be positive behavioral changes.
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Agarwal, Anil Kumar, Abhishek Yadav, Chanderpal Singh Yadav, Ramniwas Mahore y Prashant Dixit. "Assess and Evaluation the Quality Of Life (Qol) Among Cancer Patients Undergoing Treatment by Using EORTC QLQ-30 Scale". National Journal of Community Medicine 13, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/njcm.20211231064923.
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Background: Cancer is a challenge for majority of population’s health-related quality of life (HRQoL), compromising their physical health and emotional well-being. QoL is equally distributed among different social groups. The aim of this study to analyze the impact of clinical characteristics and social determinants of health on the QoL of a cohort of persons diagnosed and/or treated for cancer.
Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in a cohort of 155 with various stages of cancer at different stages of their disease. Data were obtained using questionnaires QLQ-C30 from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), which include a set of functional and symptomatic scales. We conducted descriptive and bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test, Anova Test and adjusted for relevant variables using logistic regression. The dependent variables were the functional scales of QoL and the independent variables were socio-demographic and clinical variables.
Results: Among the participants, 80(51.6%) were male and 75(48.4%) were female and majority 66(42.6%) in between the age of 40-60 years. Large proportion of patients were diagnosed with Oral cancer 67(43.2%), and Breast cancer 23(14.8%), and the clinical stages during the beginning of therapy were maximum at stage II a 104(67.1%). The mean of global health status/QoL was 52.34 (SD= 23.34). Quality of life was found to be significantly associated with some functional scales as role functioning (P≤0.001), social function, (P=0.00), and symptom scales as pain (P=0.00), loss of appetite (P=0.004) and financial impact (P=0.02) as well as associations were noted in relation to socio demographic characteristics. Women from the most disadvantaged class, and showed the poorest results for most of the function scales. In contrast, age, education, occupation and social status had differential effects depending on the function studied. The highest functional status was cognitive functioning (54.58±27.68).
Conclusions: The cancer diagnosis has become more prevalent and carries significant changes to the method of living with physical and emotional changes in term of quality of life (QoL) because of inconvenience, torment, disfigurement, reliance and loss of confidence. In addition, addressing the unmet needs of these patients and ensuring higher satisfaction rate are recommended to maintain adequate HRQoL.
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Jin, Sainan, Valentina Corradi y Norman R. Swanson. "ROBUST FORECAST COMPARISON". Econometric Theory 33, n.º 6 (27 de octubre de 2016): 1306–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266466616000426.
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Forecast accuracy is typically measured in terms of a given loss function. However, as a consequence of the use of misspecified models in multiple model comparisons, relative forecast rankings are loss function dependent. In order to address this issue, a novel criterion for forecast evaluation that utilizes the entire distribution of forecast errors is introduced. In particular, we introduce the concepts of general-loss (GL) forecast superiority and convex-loss (CL) forecast superiority; and we develop tests for GL (CL) superiority that are based on an out-of-sample generalization of the tests introduced by Linton, Maasoumi, and Whang (2005, Review of Economic Studies 72, 735–765). Our test statistics are characterized by nonstandard limiting distributions, under the null, necessitating the use of resampling procedures to obtain critical values. Additionally, the tests are consistent and have nontrivial local power, under a sequence of local alternatives. The above theory is developed for the stationary case, as well as for the case of heterogeneity that is induced by distributional change over time. Monte Carlo simulations suggest that the tests perform reasonably well in finite samples, and an application in which we examine exchange rate data indicates that our tests can help identify superior forecasting models, regardless of loss function.
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Rukmini, Rukmini, Windy Septiana Zahro, Hanivah Isnaini, Rifa Salsabila Anggreani y Ilfi Qhomariyah. "Hydrotheraphy terhadap Spastik Otot Anak Cerebral Palsy di Sekolah Luar Biasa". Adi Husada Nursing Journal 8, n.º 1 (11 de agosto de 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37036/ahnj.v8i1.234.
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Cerebral Palsy is a condition that occurs due to damage to brain development, which results in impaired motor function in childhood, due to spastic muscles. Stiff muscles and movement disorders in Cerebral Palsy sufferers, affect their ability and independence in daily life and can cause several complications. Hydrotherapy is a treatment modality to improve motor skills and motor control and independence, and social skills. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of Hydrotherapy on Spastic Muscles in children with cerebral palsy at SLB Bangun Bangsa Surabaya. This study uses a pre-experimental design model The one group pretest-posttest design, was carried out at SLB Bangun Bangsa Surabaya. The research subjects were 20 children with cerebral palsy, who were selected using purposive sampling. The independent variable is hydrotherapy, and the dependent variable is spastic muscle. Data were collected using observation sheets and analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test with a 95% confidence level. Children's muscle spastic after the intervention showed a lower mean score than before the intervention. The results of the bi-variate analysis showed that there was a significant effect of hydrotherapy on spastic muscles in children with cerebral palsy. Hydrotherapy can be one of the therapies that can be carried out at home with the family to support other therapies that have been carried out.
Keywords : Hydrotherapy, muscle spastic, cerebral palsy
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Koibichuk, Vitaliia y Yulia Kurovska. "The influence of integrated indicators of digitalization of social-economic transformations on the country’s digital development level". Herald of Economics, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2022): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2022.01.083.
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Introduction. Understanding the factors that initiate digitalization is extremely relevant for the study of the economy in the current and future economic conditions. The dependence of financial and economic systems on a large number of automated information systems and big data is growing. This upward trend is gradually becoming an urgent need for socio- economic facilities to function, and an understanding of key perceptions of the state of the global digital economy is the key to a stable financial system.Purpose. The aim of the study is to develop a multifactor regression model to describe the impact of key determinants that shape the level of risk of using financial institutions to money laundering and terrorist financing, business aspects and national cybersecurity on the overall digital development of the world.Methods. Research methods are based on the system-logical generalization of integrated indicators of socio-economic transformations and digitalization , content analysis, descriptive statistics, Spearman’s rank correlation, multidimensional statistical analysis.Results. A multiple linear econometric model has been developed that describes the impact of integrated indicators of the level of national cybersecurity, ease of doing business and the Basel AML index on the overall country’s level of digital development. The model is statistically significant and can be implemented by domestic institutions, including the National Bank of Ukraine, the Financial Intelligence Service of Ukraine, the National CyberSecurity Coordination Center and International institutions to strengthen digital trust, identify reserves to increase cybersecurity in each country.Prospects. Further research will focus on in-depth analysis and evaluation of research data from a different angle, namely in terms of developing quantile regressions that will determine how national cybersecurity and ease of doing business for digitally advanced countries affect digital development, and how the importance of national cybersecurity indicators and ease of doing business for countries with low levels of digital development affect the level of digital development.
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Ising, H. K., S. Ruhrmann, N. A. F. M. Burger, J. Rietdijk, S. Dragt, R. M. C. Klaassen, D. P. G. van den Berg et al. "Development of a stage-dependent prognostic model to predict psychosis in ultra-high-risk patients seeking treatment for co-morbid psychiatric disorders". Psychological Medicine 46, n.º 9 (16 de marzo de 2016): 1839–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716000325.
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BackgroundCurrent ultra-high-risk (UHR) criteria appear insufficient to predict imminent onset of first-episode psychosis, as a meta-analysis showed that about 20% of patients have a psychotic outcome after 2 years. Therefore, we aimed to develop a stage-dependent predictive model in UHR individuals who were seeking help for co-morbid disorders.MethodBaseline data on symptomatology, and environmental and psychological factors of 185 UHR patients (aged 14–35 years) participating in the Dutch Early Detection and Intervention Evaluation study were analysed with Cox proportional hazard analyses.ResultsAt 18 months, the overall transition rate was 17.3%. The final predictor model included five variables: observed blunted affect [hazard ratio (HR) 3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56–7.35, p < 0.001], subjective complaints of impaired motor function (HR 5.88, 95% CI 1.21–6.10, p = 0.02), beliefs about social marginalization (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.14–6.72, p = 0.03), decline in social functioning (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01–1.17, p = 0.03), and distress associated with suspiciousness (HR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03, p = 0.01). The positive predictive value of the model was 80.0%. The resulting prognostic index stratified the general risk into three risk classes with significantly different survival curves. In the highest risk class, transition to psychosis emerged on average ⩾8 months earlier than in the lowest risk class.ConclusionsPredicting a first-episode psychosis in help-seeking UHR patients was improved using a stage-dependent prognostic model including negative psychotic symptoms (observed flattened affect, subjective impaired motor functioning), impaired social functioning and distress associated with suspiciousness. Treatment intensity may be stratified and personalized using the risk stratification.
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Onyeukwu, Pauline, Jude Madu y Abiodun Adeniyi. "Teaching and Learning in Post-Covid-19 Era: An Evaluation of Digital Transformation Experience". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 8, n.º 5 (julio de 2022): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.85.1004.
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This study aimed to ascertain how digital technologies have impacted teaching and learning capabilities in private universities post COVID-19 experience. Utilizing a descriptive research design, the response of a sample size of 229 lecturers from private universities in Abuja was obtained through a structured questionnaire whose reliability was tested with Cronbach’s Alpha method. Data obtained was analyzed with descriptive statistics, while the hypotheses postulated were tested with the multiple regression models through the application of SPSS version 20. Based on the analyses, the finding is represented in the following formula: Y = F(X1, X2, X3, U). Where Y represents learning capabilities measured through content assimilation and skill acquisition; F represents a function or dependent; X1 represents Zoom teaching and learning method; X2 represents Goggle meet/classroom teaching and learning method; X3 represents Social Media teaching and learning method; while U technical factors and acceptable error. Based on the findings, the study recommends that private universities should: start utilizing a combination of virtual and physical methods of teaching and learning; motivate lecturers to develop the culture of online teaching and learning through Zoom meetings and Goggle Classroom; as a matter of priority, provide the needed technical needs such as steady electricity, internet connectivity, data and laptops or computers for lecturers; and encourage and execute constant training for lecturers on the use of digital tools for teaching and learning.
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Ushakov, Dmitriy E. y Dmitriy V. Karelin. "The evaluation of the resident demand for underground railways within walking distance of stations". Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education] 12, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/2305-5502.2022.1.1.
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Introduction. Presently, the evaluation of underground railways in regional cities of Russia enjoys little attention in the research literature. We have assessed the relationship between passenger flows of underground railways in regional Russian cities and the number of residents within walking distance of the stations. This will allow understanding the potential development of underground railways and the future uses of existing networks towards a sustainable urban environment convenient for each resident. Materials and methods. The evaluation of the relationship was conducted retrospectively using the regression analysis method. The annual passenger flow of underground railways was chosen as a dependent variable, as it is less affected by random factors, compared to average daily variables. The living space of buildings within walking distance of underground railway stations was taken as an independent variable. Major social factors that may influence passenger flows were also taken into account. Results. For the period from the opening of the underground railway to the present day, the relationship between living spaces within walking distance of underground railway stations and passenger flows was identified for Ekaterinburg and Kazan. From 2005 to 2019, the relationship has been tracked for Novosibirsk with account taken of the effect of the benefit monetization reform and restrictive measures related to the COVID-19 pandemic. This dependence has not been identified for Samara and Nizhny Novgorod. The radii of walking distances from the stations, having the greatest impact on the passenger traffic, were identified for several cities. Conclusions. The residential function is not a universal factor determining passenger flows of underground railways in regional Russian cities. Social factors, affecting large segments of the population, such as monetization reforms, have a substantial effect. Further research is planned to evaluate other factors that influence passenger flows of underground railways in Samara and Nizhny Novgorod.
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Nurbaeni, Judi, I. Ketut Sudiana y Harmayetty Harmayetty. "Range of Motion Exercise of Arms Increases the Muscle Strength for Post Stroke Patients". Jurnal Ners 5, n.º 1 (2 de abril de 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v5i1.3919.
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Introduction: Someone attached by stroke can’t do their activity fluently because stroke can cause the weakness of motor and sensor function. This condition cause physical defect and give effect in social and economic too, because someone who suffered stroke usually still in productive age. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of arm range of motion in the muscle strength of post stroke patient.Methods: Pre experimental pre–post test design was used in this study. Population of this study was post stroke patient in Wijayakusuma ward dr. Soedono Hospital and total samples were 11 respondents. Independent variable was arm range of motion exercise, dependent variable was strength of arm muscle. Data were collected by observation with manual muscle testing of Lovelt, Naniel and Worthinghom and then analyzed using wilcoxon signed rank test with signi fi cant level of α ≤ 0.05.Result: The result showed that 11 respondents had increased their strength of muscle (p = 0.04).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the strength of muscle increased after get arm range of motion exercise. When range of motion had been done Ca+ will be activated by cell so that happen integrity of muscle protein. If Ca+ and troponin had been activated, actin and myosin would have been defensed, so that can moved the skeletal and followed by muscle contraction, expand, outgrow and had a tonus. This condition can showed the strength of muscle.
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Fujimori, Takahito, Motoki Iwasaki, Shinya Okuda, Yukitaka Nagamoto, Hironobu Sakaura, Takenori Oda y Hideki Yoshikawa. "Patient satisfaction with surgery for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament". Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 14, n.º 6 (junio de 2011): 726–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.1.spine10649.
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Object Surgical results in cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) evaluated with a patient-based method have not yet been reported. The purpose of this study was to examine patient satisfaction with surgery for cervical myelopathy due to OPLL and to clarify factors related to satisfaction. Methods Clinical data in 103 patients (74 male and 29 female) who underwent surgery for cervical OPLL were retrospectively reviewed. The average age at surgery was 57 years, and the average follow-up period was 9.3 years. Outcomes were assessed using an original satisfaction questionnaire, the conventional Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system, the JOA Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire, the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Spearman rank correlation coefficients for 5-scale patient satisfaction against outcome measures were calculated to test relationships between variables. All variables were compared between the satisfied (responses of very satisfied or satisfied) and dissatisfied (responses of dissatisfied or very dissatisfied) groups. Parameters exhibiting a significant Spearman rank correlation or difference between the groups were entered in a stepwise logistic regression analysis model, with satisfaction as the dependent variable. Results Sixty-nine patients were included in the analysis. There was not a significant difference in clinical data between these 69 study patients and the other 34 patients. Fifty-five patients (80%) were satisfied with the results of the surgery, and 58 patients (84%) reported that their condition was improved by the surgery. All patients who reported being very improved were either very satisfied or satisfied with the results of surgery. Quality of life (QOL), physical function (PF), and role physical (RP) were significantly correlated with patient satisfaction. The dissatisfied group had significantly more severe pain; lower maximum conventional JOA scores; lower maximum recovery rates; worse lower-extremity function (LEF); reduced QOL; and lower PF, RP, and vitality scores. Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that PF, QOL, LEF, and maximum recovery rate based on JOA score were correlated with satisfaction. Conclusions Eighty percent of patients were satisfied with the surgical results after treatment of cervical myelopathy due to OPLL. Surgery for cervical OPLL was effective, as evaluated by both doctor- and patient-based methods. Patient satisfaction was related to QOL, PF (especially LEF), and improvement.
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Kao, Mimi H. y Michael S. Brainard. "Lesions of an Avian Basal Ganglia Circuit Prevent Context-Dependent Changes to Song Variability". Journal of Neurophysiology 96, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2006): 1441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01138.2005.
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Trial-by-trial variability is important in feedback-based motor learning. Variation in motor output enables evaluation mechanisms to differentially reinforce patterns of motor activity that produce desired behaviors. Here, we studied neural substrates of variability in the performance of adult birdsong, a complex, learned motor skill used for courtship. Song performance is more variable when male birds sing alone (undirected) than when they sing to females (directed). We test the role of the anterior forebrain pathway (AFP), an avian basal ganglia–forebrain circuit, in this socially driven modulation of song variability. We show that lesions of the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior nidopallium (LMAN), the output nucleus of the AFP, cause a reduction in the moment-by-moment variability in syllable structure during undirected song to the level present during directed song. This elimination of song modulation is immediate and long-lasting. We further show that the degree of syllable variability and its modulation are both attenuated in older birds, in concert with decreased variability of LMAN activity in these birds. In contrast to the requirement of LMAN for social modulation of syllable structure, we find that LMAN is not required for modulation of other features of song, such as the number of introductory elements and motif repetitions and the ordering of syllables or for other motor and motivational aspects of courtship. Our findings suggest that a key function of avian basal ganglia circuitry is to regulate vocal performance and plasticity by specifically modulating moment-by-moment variability in the structure of individual song elements.
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Ciałkowska-Kuźmińska, M., P. Piotrowski y A. Kiejna. "The needs of people with mental health problems and their carers’ burden - polish study". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo de 2011): 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72230-1.
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IntroductionWorld studies show associations between social consequences of carers’ involvement and level of individuals’ met and unmet needs.ObjectivesIn Poland not much interest has been put to studies of psychiatric patients’ needs and carers’ burden. Due to this fact most of care programmes have been developed on the basis of authors’ personal experiences or academic knowledge.AimsTo obtain data regarding met and unmet patients’ needs and the impact on carers’ burden in Polish socioeconomic reality.Methods60 psychotic inpatients were examined with CSHI, BPRS and CANSAS. Their 60 direct carers’ personally completed IEQ, GHQ-12 and assessed own opinions about patients’ needs with CANSAS questionnaire. Patients unable to give informed consent, alcohol/drug dependent, mentally retarded/demented or with personality disorder were excluded along with patients below 18 and over 65 years of age.Statistics includedThe Pearson correlation coefficient, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, Kendall’s tau coefficient.ResultsResults show significant relation between duration of the disorder and number of unmet needs assessed by individuals. Patients’ met needs are positively associated with carers IEQ results - subscales tension and worrying. Carers evaluation of patients’ unmet needs correlates with their IEQ results - subscales tension, worrying and urging. Overall number of patients’ needs indicated by carers correlates positively with carers’ results of IEQ subscale - urging.ConclusionsThe higher rate of patients’ unmet needs the higher burden they are imposed to. Results of the study are important in planning of interventions towards psychiatric patients and their direct carers.
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Li, Chang. "Optimizing ranking systems online as bandits". ACM SIGIR Forum 55, n.º 2 (diciembre de 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3527546.3527575.
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Ranking system is the core part of modern retrieval and recommender systems, where the goal is to rank candidate items given user contexts. Optimizing ranking systems online means that the deployed system can serve users' requests, e.g., queries in the web search, and optimize the ranking policy by learning from user interactions, e.g., clicks. Bandit is a general online learning framework and can be used in our optimization task. However, due to the unique features of ranking, there are several challenges in designing bandit algorithms for ranking system optimization. In this thesis, we study and propose bandit algorithms for four challenges in optimizing ranking systems online: effectiveness, safety, nonstationarity, and diversification. We first focus on the large-scale online ranker evaluation problem. The challenge is that the number of pair-wise ranker comparisons grows quadratically with respect to the number of rankers. We proposed the merge double Thompson sampling (MergeDTS) method to solve the problem. MergeDTS takes the divide-and-conquer idea in Merge Sort to decrease the complexity and uses the Thompson sampling to increase the effectiveness of pair-wise comparisons. We then address the safety Online Learning to Rank (OLTR) by introducing the BubbleRank algorithm. BubbleRank uses the offline trained ranker, e.g., the production ranker, to obtain the initial ranked list, and then conducts safe online pairwise exploration to improve this list. The safety comes from the fact that BubbleRank explores the ranked lists by randomly exchanging items with their neighbors. Thus, during exploration, low-quality items are hardly shifted at top positions. Non-stationarity widely appears in interactive systems since user preferences are affected by different factors and change over time. It is critical to design algorithms that capture the non-stationarity in OLTR. This thesis provides CascadeDUCB and CascadeSWUCB algorithms to solve the non-stationary OLTR. We derive gap-dependent bounds on their regret and show the theoretical soundness of the proposed algorithms, and then we conduct simulated experiments to validate the empirical effectiveness. Result diversification and relevance ranking are two important aspects in modern recommender systems. Ideal learning algorithms should be able to display a ranked list whose items are relevant and the topics of items are diverse. The last research chapter of the thesis focuses on this challenge and provides the CascadeHybrid algorithm. CascadeHybrid learns from interactive feedback online and trained a ranker, which is a hybrid of a linear function capturing the relevance part and a submodular function responding to the results diversification. Awarded by : University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands on 4 March 2021. Supervised by : Maarten de Rijke. Available at : https://dare.uva.nl/search?identifier=f043b9b4-e666-48e0-8a6c-7c5431660e17.
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Johar, Khairunnisa, Noor Ayuni Che Zakaria, Fazah Akhtar Hanapiah, Low Cheng Yee, Nurul Atiqah Othman y Muhammad Afiq Ridhuan. "Use of reliability tested clinically data towards a portable device measurement kit system for upper limb spasticity". Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 15, n.º 4 (25 de agosto de 2019): 622–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v15n4.1493.
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Spasticity refers to the abnormal symptom of having resistance in the joints when patients tried to make a movement. Patients with spasticity need to undergo multiple therapy sessions with medical intervention to ensure that the upper limb achieve maximal function. Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) is frequently used in clinical assessment with grading on a scale. However, this scale is limited in sensitivity and the accuracy of this evaluation is dependent on the physician’s and therapist’s experience. This study suggests developing a portable measurement device kit system during clinical assessment to reduce inter- and intra-rater variability, and to assist clinicians in making quick clinical evaluation of spasticity. In this study, 19 patients were involved in the data acquisition. Assessment data from upper limb of patients with spasticity were recorded using a Manual Muscle Tester (MMT) and digital goniometer to measure force and the angular motion. During the assessment, patients were examined through slow and fast motion for spasticity evaluation. The collected data were analyzed to study intra-rater reliability value by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) values for all patients were in range 0.78 to 0.89. It can be considered that the collected data was reliable and can be used to formulate a model towards the development of a portable device measurement kit system for upper limb spasticity.
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Matthews, Geoffrey M., Ricardo De Matos Simoes, Yiguo Hu, Michal Sheffer, Eugen Dhimolea, Paul J. Hengeveld, Megan A. Bariteau et al. "Characterization of Lineage Vs. Context-Dependent Essential Genes in Multiple Myeloma Using Crispr/Cas9 Genome Editing". Blood 128, n.º 22 (2 de diciembre de 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.119.119.
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Abstract Multiple Myeloma (MM) remains an incurable malignancy in part because of an incomplete understanding of which genes are critically responsible for MM cell survival and proliferation. To address this unmet need, and building on our recent functional genomics studies with the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing platform (ASH 2015; Int. MM Workshop, Rome 2015), we reasoned that quantification of sgRNA depletion in the absence of any treatment could identify genes essential for the survival or proliferation of MM cells and better define their role as candidate therapeutic targets. To this end, we transduced Cas9-expressing RPMI-8226 and MM.1S cells with the lentiviral genome-scale GeCKO pooled library of sgRNAs. After culture of these cell lines for 2, 6, 8 or 12 weeks without any treatment, we identified, based on next generation sequencing for the sgRNA sequences, genes with significantly depleted sgRNAs (4-6 sgRNAs/gene, >2-fold average depletion, FDR=0.05, based on MAGECK algorithm) in Cas9+ cells compared to their initial sgRNA plasmid pools, baseline cultures, or isogenic parental Cas9-negative cells. These results were confirmed for each cell line with a 2nd independent genome-wide analysis and with a focused sgRNA library containing a subset of candidates defined by the genome-wide analyses. We compared these results with data from our in-house or publicly available CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing studies, involving a total of 50 cell lines from other hematologic malignancies (leukemia, lymphoma) and from 8 different types of solid tumors. We identified 3 broad categories of essential genes in MM cells: a) core essential genes, with sgRNA depletion across the majority of MM and non-MM lines of our study, representing cellular processes critical for practically all lineages (e.g. genes involved in regulation of basic transcription factor complexes, ribosomal function, proteasome, spliceosome, structural proteins for mitochondria and other key organelles, et.c.); b) genes selectively essential for MM cell lines, but not for the overwhelming majority of leukemia, lymphoma or solid tumor cell lines; c) genes with a role in small subset(s) of cell lines, across diseases, which harbor defined genetic features correlating with this dependency. We integrated our CRISPR/Cas9-based data on MM-selective essential genes with a reanalysis of the Achilles Heel shRNA screen in MM and non-MM cell lines (10 and 493, respectively) of the Cell Line Encyclopedia Program (CCLE) program. We applied a series of statistical tests (e.g. Wilcoxon rank test or marker selection feature of GENE-E algorithm with 1000 permutation tests) to identify genes with a significantly lower rank in sgRNA or shRNA depletion in MM vs. non-MM cell lines, across different specific thresholds for fold change and statistical significance. We identified more than 50 high-value candidate target genes with preferential essentiality in MM, compared to non-MM cell lines of diverse lineages. Prominent examples of such MM-selective, essential genes included: transcription factors (e.g. IRF4, CCND2, MAF, NFKB1, NFKB2, RELA, RELB); otherNF-kB-related genes (e.g. IKBKB); PIM2 (but not PIM1 or PIM3 in this cell line panel); regulators of protein homeostasis, including diverse E2 and E3 ubiquitin ligases; and several other known or biologically-plausible dependencies which are under further evaluation. Many of these MM-selective dependencies exhibited significantly higher expression in MM, compared to non-MM cells, both in cell lines (based on the CCLE dataset) and patient-derived samples (comparison of Broad/MMRF vs. TCGA datasets, respectively). Notable observations of context-dependent essential genes include ARID1A in MM.1S cells (plausibly due to deficiency in its paralog ARID1B); and cases of both MM and non-MM cells with RAS mutations but lack of dependency on that gene. Targeting of lineage-specific dependencies (e.g. ER or AR in breast or prostate Ca, respectively) has provided major clinical benefit in some tumors; while context-specific dependencies are a cornerstone of molecularly-guided individualized treatments. Therefore, by identifying lineage- and context-dependent essential genes for MM, our integrated genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 and shRNA analyses in molecularly annotated panels of MM vs. non-MM cell lines provide an attractive framework towards designing novel therapies for MM. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Maricic, Milena, Radmila Amanovic Curuvija y Milos Stepovic. "Health Literacy in Female – Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Effects on Reproductive Health". Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research 21, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2020): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjecr-2018-0055.
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AbstractThe aim of the study is to assess the health literacy of women who are using health services within the Gynecology Obstetric Clinic “Narodni Front” in Belgrade. Testing of health literacy was conducted as a cross-sectional study in the period October-November 2012. As instruments of research the following questionnaires are used: Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults and General information questionnaire of respondents who referred to the demographic, social and economic characteristics of respondents, self-assessment of health, use of health services, health knowledge and behavior in the area of reproductive health. Inadequate health literacy level is registered in every ten respondents. The education level of the respondents proved to be a significant predictor of health literacy. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the patients (age, occupation, marital status) as well as self-evaluation of the health status were not significantly related to the health literacy. Health literacy respondents did not significantly dependent on risk behaviors related to reproductive health. The level of health literacy is consistent with the knowledge of subjects in the field of protection of reproductive health. Health literacy as the ability to function within the health care system is equally certain by individual characteristics and skills, characteristics of the health and education systems as well as a wide range of social and cultural factors. Health literacy is more systematic than individual problem, so it requires a broader social action.
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Dinan, Timothy G. "Studying brain receptor function: a neuroendocrine approach". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, n.º 1 (febrero de 1993): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700013173.
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AbstractA significant component of psychiatric practice relates to the management of patients with behavioural disturbance whose aetiology lies in the subtle alteration of brain biochemistry. The major handicap in assessing such patients, both from a clinical and a research point of view has been a lack of suitably sophisticated technology for studying brain function. Despite significant improvements in imaging technique and the development of positron emission tomography we are still lacking tools which assess brain receptor functioning. The neuroendocrine axis provides us with the means of assessing specific neurotransmitters in a safe and relatively inexpensive way. Such an approach is now widely used in research and has considerable potential within a clinical setting.The fact that classic monoamine neurotransmitters are implicated both in affective disorders and schizophrenia and at the same time control hypothalmic-anterior pituitary function provides the basis for many psychoneuroendocrine investigations. The stimulation of certain central neurotransmitter systems results in the elevation of anterior pituitary hormones. If a pharmacologically selective drug is used, the rise in the anterior pituitary hormone gives some index of the integrity of the neurotransmitter pathway and the sensitivity of its receptor system. This approach is heavily dependent on the development of selective drugs for challenging specific receptor systems. As there are a myriad of potential confounding variables it is essential that there be rigorous control over such factors as gender, age, psychotropic drug exposure, weight loss etc.The release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary is under the control of 2 peptides, namely growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS). Noradrenaline acting via the GHRH containing neurones stimulates the release of GH (1,2). We now know that the stimulated release of GH through this mechanism is significantly blunted in patients with major depression (3,4,5). When sone suppression and noradrenergic mediated GH release are both investigated in depressed patients, those subjects who show dexamethasone non-suppression are more likely to demonstrate blunted GH release than those with normal dexamethasone responses (5).Acetylcholine (ACh) stimulates growth hormone release via the SS method (6). It is now clear that depressed patients show enhanced release when their cholinergic system is challenged with pyridostigmine (7). Overall therefore, depressed patients seem to have a downregulation or under activity of their NA receptors and an up-regulation or over-activity of their ACh receptors.GH release is also under GABAergic control. In a study of patients with major depression baclofen the GABA-B agonist was used to induce GH release. Baclofen (20 mg) significantly elevated GH levels in all healthy subjects but a blunting of response was seen in those patients with major depressive illness. The finding indicates diminished responsivity of the GABA-B receptor system in depression (7a).The release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary is under the inhibitory control of dopamine (DA) which acts directly on the lactotrophs of the pituitary. The release of prolactin is stimulated by serotonin (8,9). There is now unequivocal evidence to indicate that 5-HT mediated prolactin release is blunted in major depression (10,11). Such blunting has been demonstrated with a wide variety of probe drugs including 1-tryptophan and fenfluramine. The abnormality is however not entirely specific to depression as patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and sociopathic personality disorder also demonstrate such blunting even in the absence of mood disturbance (12,13).The first evidence to emerge that central DA receptors might in some way control GH release was demonstrated by the administration of 1-dopa which led to an increase in GH levels (14). GH responses to the DA agonist apomorphine have been reported to be greater in patients with first rank symptoms of schizophrenia, but to be blunted in those patients with significant egative symptoms such as emotional flattening and social withdrawal (15,16).The very complex neurotransmitter control of such hormones as GH and prolactin provides a window to the biology of neuro-behavioural disturbance. As a tool psychoneuroendocrinology is of relevance not just to the researcher but to the practicing psychiatrist as well.
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Brown, Megan C. y Gary Woods. "Platelet Function Analyzer-100 Shows Poor Predictive Value for Children with Low VWF and Mild Platelet Function Defects". Blood 136, Supplement 1 (5 de noviembre de 2020): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142103.
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Background: The Platelet Function Analyser (PFA)-100 (Siemens) has proven to be a useful screening tool for primary hemostasis. Studies have demonstrated a pooled sensitivity around 90% for all individuals with Von Willebrand Disease (VWD), however the sensitivity for Type 1 is notably poorer than types 2 and 3. Our institution utilizes the PFA-100 as part of a panel of laboratory studies called the "bleeding screen"; this panel is often used as first line screening for inherited bleeding disorders across the hospital system. As the relative frequency of Type 1 VWD and low VWF (defined as Von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels 30-50%) greatly exceed the frequency of individuals with Type 2 and Type 3, when used as a general screen, the PFA-100 likely has reduced sensitivity than documented in the literature. Methods: To evaluate the utility of the PFA-100 as a screening test for VWD and platelet function defects, we retrospectively examined the ordering practices of PFA-100 in relation to the Von Willebrand panel (VWF:antigen, VWF:ristocetin cofactor, Factor VIII), platelet aggregation studies and platelet electron microscopy. We compared results of the testing with diagnostic codes to characterize the test characteristics of the PFA-100 for the diagnosis of VWD or platelet function defects in a pediatric population. We included all patients tested with the PFA-100 from 2017 to 2018 at any Children's Healthcare of Atlanta facility. Exclusion criteria include age under 30 months (reference range established for those over 30 months), hematocrit <35% or platelets <150,000/uL at time of testing due to impact on PFA-100 results. Demographics, laboratory results, bleeding symptoms and diagnoses were collected via chart review. Bleeding disorders were determined by ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes and confirmed via chart review. Descriptive statistics were calculated with frequency and median (interquartile range); comparative statistics calculated with t-tests, chi-square, Fisher's Exact, Mann-Whitney and Spearman rank tests. Test characteristics for PFA-100 and VWD were determined by correlation between PFA-100 and VWD studies sent concurrently; a ristocetin co-factor <50% was considered positive for VWD in the comparative analysis. Test characteristics determined for platelet function testing were dependent on results of platelet aggregation studies and/or platelet electron microscopy. Results: There were 609 children who met inclusion criteria. Median age was 12.2 years (7.3-15.6). The majority were female (62.4%), white (58.5%) and non-Hispanic (77.0%). The most common reason for testing was epistaxis (28.1%), followed by heavy menstrual bleeding (24.8%) and bruising (18.4%). Almost 30% had no bleeding symptoms documented. The majority of individuals also had a VWD profile sent (91.5%), with 418 having the PFA-100 and VWD Profile sent concurrently. The majority of PFA-100 tests were normal (70.6%). Only 91 (14.9%) had additional platelet evaluation with platelet aggregation studies or electron microscopy. Overall, 170 individuals (27.9%) were found to have a bleeding disorder. VWD was diagnosed in 146 individuals (24.0%), a platelet function defect 14 (2.3%) and 11 individuals had other diagnoses including Factor VII deficiency, Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B. The sensitivity of the PFA-100 for VWD was 60.4% (95%CI 46.9-73.6%) and the sensitivity was 60.0% (26.2-87.4%) for platelet function defects. For those with an abnormal PFA, the results of a VWD profile did not determine the likelihood of a provider sending additional testing with platelet aggregation studies or platelet microscopy. Of the 104 individuals with an abnormal PFA and normal VWD studies, only 31 had platelet aggregation testing. There were no differences in demographics or reported symptoms between the two groups. With normal VWD studies, individuals with an abnormal PFA were about 3 times more likely to have platelet aggregation studies sent (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The PFA-100 has poor sensitivity for VWD and mild platelet function defects in pediatric patients. Most individuals screened with a PFA-100 also had a complete VWD panel sent concurrently indicating that this is used as a screen for platelet function defects in our hospital. Given the poor sensitivity for platelet function defects, advanced platelet function testing should be sent based on clinical concern regardless of PFA-100 results when VWD testing is normal. Disclosures Brown: National Hemophilia Foundation, Takeda Clinical Fellowship: Research Funding. Woods:Takeda: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.
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Hosseinian, Amir Hossein, Vahid Baradaran y Mahdi Bashiri. "Modeling of the time-dependent multi-skilled RCPSP considering learning effect". Journal of Modelling in Management 14, n.º 2 (10 de mayo de 2019): 521–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jm2-07-2018-0098.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new mixed-integer formulation for the time-dependent multi-skilled resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MSRCPSP/t) considering learning effect. The proposed model extends the basic form of the MSRCPSP by three concepts: workforces have different efficiencies, it is possible for workforces to improve their efficiencies by learning from more efficient workers and the availability of workforces and resource requests of activities are time-dependent. To spread dexterity from more efficient workforces to others, this study has integrated the concept of diffusion maximization in social networks into the proposed model. In this respect, the diffusion of dexterity is formulated based on the linear threshold model for a network of workforces who share common skills. The proposed model is bi-objective, aiming to minimize make-span and total costs of project, simultaneously. Design/methodology/approach The MSRCPSP is an non-deterministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard) problem in the strong sense. Therefore, an improved version of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (IM-NSGA-II) is developed to optimize the make-span and total costs of project, concurrently. For the proposed algorithm, this paper has designed new genetic operators that help to spread dexterity among workforces. To validate the solutions obtained by the IM-NSGA-II, four other evolutionary algorithms – the classical NSGA-II, non-dominated ranked genetic algorithm, Pareto envelope-based selection algorithm II and strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm II – are used. All algorithms are calibrated via the Taguchi method. Findings Comprehensive numerical tests are conducted to evaluate the performance of the IM-NSGA-II in comparison with the other four methods in terms of convergence, diversity and computational time. The computational results reveal that the IM-NSGA-II outperforms the other methods in terms of most of the metrics. Besides, a sensitivity analysis is implemented to investigate the impact of learning on objective function values. The outputs show the significant impact of learning on objective function values. Practical implications The proposed model and algorithm can be used for scheduling activities of small- and large-size real-world projects. Originality/value Based on the previous studies reviewed in this paper, one of the research gaps is the MSRCPSP with time-dependent resource capacities and requests. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-objective model for the MSRCPSP with time-dependent resource profiles. Besides, the evaluation of learning effect on efficiency of workforces has not been studied sufficiently in the literature. In this study, the effect of learning on efficiency of workforces has been considered. In the scarce number of proposed models with learning effect, the researchers have assumed that the efficiency of workforces increases as they spend more time on performing a skill. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the effect of learning from more efficient co-workers has not been studied in the literature of the RCPSP. Therefore, in this research, the effect of learning from more efficient co-workers has been investigated. In addition, a modified version of the NSGA-II algorithm is developed to solve the model.
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MATTEY, DEREK L., SARAH R. DAWSON, EMMA L. HEALEY y JONATHAN C. PACKHAM. "Relationship Between Smoking and Patient-reported Measures of Disease Outcome in Ankylosing Spondylitis". Journal of Rheumatology 38, n.º 12 (1 de octubre de 2011): 2608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.110641.
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Objective.To investigate the relationship between smoking and disease activity, pain, function, and quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Patients with AS (n = 612) from areas across the United Kingdom took part in a cross-sectional postal survey. Patient-reported outcome measures including the Bath AS Disease Activity Index, the Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI), a numerical rating scale (NRS) of pain, the AS quality of life questionnaire (ASQoL), and the evaluation of AS quality of life measures (EASi-QoL) were analyzed in terms of smoking status and relationship with pack-year history. The influence of potential confounding factors [age, sex, disease duration, and social deprivation (Townsend Index)] were tested in multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results.Median scores of BASFI, pain NRS, ASQoL, and the 4 EASi-QoL domains were all higher in the group that had ever smoked compared to those who had never smoked (p < 0.0001, p = 0.04, p = 0.003, p < 0.02, respectively). In stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses, high disease activity and more severe pain were associated primarily with current smoking, disease duration, and Townsend Index score, while decreased function and poor quality of life measures were associated more closely with increasing pack-year history, disease duration, and Townsend Index score. These associations were independent of age and sex.Conclusion.Smoking has a dose-dependent relationship with measures of disease severity in AS. The association with increased disease activity, decreased function, and poor quality of life in smokers was independent of age, sex, deprivation level, and disease duration.
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Muhammad Riaz Shad. "Cyber Threat Landscape and Readiness Challenge of Pakistan". Strategic Studies 39, n.º 1 (24 de abril de 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.53532/ss.039.01.00115.
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Today, vital social infrastructures — electricity, finance, water, transportation, health and food — are increasingly dependent on the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) networks for functioning, distribution and interconnectedness. This dependence results in both opportunities and vulnerabilities, which can be exploited by a variety of actors ranging from individuals to organisations and governments. This indicates that information revolution, experienced by the contemporary world, is both a boon and bane. To a large extent, it is a bane because the ICT has an ‘enabling function’ for disruption, crime and state-level aggression. The ICT dependence may become more prone to vulnerabilities in the times of social unrest, political tensions and other appalling events. At present, Pakistan experiences a fast growing application of the ICT in different sectors but seriously lacks in cyber readiness. In addition, the country confronts a hostile security environment internally as well as externally. These factors expose it to various cyber threats. Drawing on the securitisation theory, this paper attempts to examine the cyber threat landscape of Pakistan and focuses on the cyber threats that the country faces across the spectrum — hacking, serious and organised cybercrime, cyberterrorism and cyberwarfare. This is followed by an evaluation of Pakistan’s cyber readiness profile in the light of the five-pillar criteria laid down by the UN specialised agency the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), namely legal, technical, organisational, capacity building and international cooperation.
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Munslow, Alun. "Andrew Carnegie and the Discourse of Cultural Hegemony". Journal of American Studies 22, n.º 2 (agosto de 1988): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002187580002199x.
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Can cultural change be explained as a function of discourse? A discourse is any language territory, whether a mode of thinking, talking or writing, which presupposes shared assumptions between its producer and consumer. This means that the relationship between language and ideology is dependent upon the nature of a particular discourse. This paper offers comments on this question with reference to the formation of the post-bellum American business culture and its ideology by examining the written works of one of its leading exponents, the industrialist Andrew Carnegie. Working from the assumption that this business culture was serving the interests of a new ruling group at the expense of subordinate Populist-Producer ones, does an evaluation of the business-man's discourse reveal how it helped create that ideological domination? Both Hayden White and Michel Foucault have claimed that culture can be explored by reference to the primary figurative modes of discourse, particularly the tropes of metonymy and synecdoche. Basic to this rhetorical approach to cultural formation is its assumption that ideology is a function of discourse, even though White, the most devoted practitioner of the theory of the poetic foundation of cultural practices, recognises Foucault's insight that discourse resides in the world and is bound up with property ownership, power and the imposition of force. Assuming that power is embedded in a dominant social formation, business spokesmen like Carnegie, working to maintain the authority of a particular class, did so through a range of discursive cultural practices that contended with others for dominance. In the Gramscian model of cultural change Andrew Carnegie was an organic intellectual in as much as he functioned according to the interests of the new fundamental class of the wealthy industrial bourgeoisie.
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Thomas, Darren D., Andrew S. Bernhardson, Ethan Bernstein y Christopher B. Dewing. "Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement in a Military Population". American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, n.º 14 (22 de septiembre de 2017): 3298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517726984.
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Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) can lead to hip pain and early joint degeneration. There have been few reports to date on the outcomes of hip arthroscopy for the treatment of FAI in the military population. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare patient demographics with postoperative outcomes after hip arthroscopy for symptomatic FAI and to identify preoperative risk factors for poor outcomes. The hypothesis was that certain preoperative patient characteristics will be predictive of poorer outcomes and that lower outcomes scores will be associated with a higher likelihood of medical separation from the military. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Retrospective chart review of active-duty and dependent patients older than 18 years who underwent hip arthroscopy for symptomatic FAI from 2009 to 2014 at a single institution. Results: A total of 469 (309 males and 160 females) surgeries were performed on 456 active-duty personnel and 13 dependent civilians, with a mean 2.5-year follow-up. Overall, 39% (n = 179) were able to return to duty (RTD), 18% (n = 82) were medically cleared to return to normal daily activities but did not remain on active duty, and 43% (n = 195) required referral to the Disability Evaluation System (DES). Increasing rank and male sex were positive predictors and Axis 1 psychiatric diagnosis, revision surgery, concomitant psoas tenotomy, multiple medical comorbidities, and complaints of generalized pelvic pain were negative predictors for returning to duty. US Marine Infantry and Special Forces showed improved RTD rates (50%-86%) compared with administrative, more sedentary, occupations (22%). On average, Single Alpha Numeric Evaluation (SANE) and visual analog scale (VAS) scores improved after surgery, with SANE scores improving 37 ± 28 points and VAS scores improving 2.6 ± 2.5 points. The mean postoperative SANE and VAS scores differed significantly between the RTD group and those not returning to duty; 87 and 1.2 points compared with 69 and 3.6 points, respectively ( P < .0001). Conclusion: Hip arthroscopy for the treatment of symptomatic FAI effectively improves pain symptoms and self-reported overall function but shows a much lower than expected return to full, unrestricted active duty in the general active-duty military population. Underlying psychiatric diagnoses, female sex, and more sedentary occupations are associated with lower RTD rates. Furthermore, lower postoperative SANE and VAS scores are associated with lower RTD rates. Only the more active and elite components of the military study population showed RTD rates consistent with previously reported outcomes of return to competitive sports after hip arthroscopy for FAI.
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Restiana, Nia y Rosy Rosnawanty. "LOGOTHERAPHY TO ELDERLY DEPENDENCE". INDONESIAN NURSING JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND CLINIC (INJEC) 2, n.º 1 (13 de marzo de 2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24990/injec.v2i1.20.
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Introduction. The old people has decreased in physical condition, in function and sexual potency, psychological changes, changes associated with the work, and changes in social roles in society. These cause the elderly dependent in performing self-care. The action to overcome these problems is by delivering logo therapy. The general purpose of this study was to describe the influence of logotheraphy to elderly dependence at Panti Wredha Welas Asih Tasikmalaya. Method. The research design used was a "Quasi-experimental pre-post-test". The sample was purposive sampling with a sample size of 22 elderly. There were four sessions of the Logo therapy's implementation such as identifying clients' changes and problems, identifying the reactions and how to solve problems, the techniques and evaluation of medical ministry. Result. The results showed there was difference in elderly dependency before and after doing Logotherapy (p-value 0.001). Discussion. Logotherapy is recommended to be done in the framework of health services in the community as a form of health care for the elderly who have dependency problems and become the basis of consideration and thoughts in developing and implementing the treatment.Keywords: Logoteraphy, eldery, dependency
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Weinberger, R., O. Weisman, Y. Guri, T. Harel, A. Weizman y D. Gothelf. "The interaction between neurocognitive functioning, subthreshold psychotic symptoms and pharmacotherapy in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A longitudinal comparative study". European Psychiatry 48, n.º 1 (2018): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.10.010.
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AbstractBackgroundThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common genetic syndrome associated with schizophrenia. The goal of this study was to evaluate longitudinally the interaction between neurocognitive functioning, the presence of subthreshold psychotic symptoms (SPS) and conversion to psychosis in individuals with 22q11DS. In addition, we attempted to identify the specific neurocognitive domains that predict the longitudinal evolution of positive and negative SPS, as well as the effect of psychiatric medications on 22q11DS psychiatric and cognitive developmental trajectories.MethodsForty-four participants with 22q11DS, 19 with Williams syndrome (WS) and 30 typically developing (TD) controls, age range 12–35 years, were assessed at two time points (15.2 ± 2.1 months apart). Evaluation included the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS), structured psychiatric evaluation and the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (CNB).Results22q11DS individuals with SPS had a yearly conversion rate to psychotic disorders of 8.8%, compared to none in both WS and TD controls. Baseline levels of negative SPS were associated with global neurocognitive performance (GNP), executive function and social cognition deficits, in individuals with 22q11DS, but not in WS. Deficits in GNP predicted negative SPS in 22q11DS and the emergence or persistence of negative SPS. 22q11DS individuals treated with psychiatric medications showed significant improvement in GNP score between baseline and follow-up assessments, an improvement that was not seen in untreated 22q11DS.ConclusionsOur results highlight the time-dependent interplay among positive and negative SPS symptoms, neurocognition and pharmacotherapy in the prediction of the evolution of psychosis in 22q11DS.
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Lin, Che-Li, Chun-De Liao, Yu-Hao Lee, Reuben Escorpizo, Tsan-Hon Liou y Shih-Wei Huang. "Delphi-Based Consensus to Determine Core Aspects of Post-Hip-Fracture Surgery Rehabilitation Based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 23 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 15988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315988.
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A hip fracture is a major adverse event for older individuals that has extremely high rates of mortality and morbidity, specifically functional decline. Thus, effective post–hip fracture rehabilitation is crucial to enable patients to regain function and improve their quality of life. Most post–hip fracture rehabilitation programs focus only on physical functioning, but rehabilitation goals related to the quality of life, social participation, and environmental issues are also crucial considerations. This study aimed to develop a core set of considerations based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) for use as a reference in designing comprehensive rehabilitation programs for patients with hip fractures. For this purpose, we recruited 20 experts from related fields working at a university hospital to complete a three-round Delphi-based questionnaire. Before beginning this process, a literature review related to ICF category selection was conducted. Next, a 5-point Likert scale was employed to rate the importance of each proposed category, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and semi-interquartile range indices were analyzed to rate the consensus status. Categories for the ICF core set of considerations for post-hip-fracture rehabilitation were chosen on the basis of a high level of consensus and a mean score of ≥4.5 in the third Delphi-based questionnaire round. After selection, the ICF core set comprised 34 categories, namely 15 for bodily functions, 5 for bodily structures, 13 for activities and participation, and 1 for environmental factors. The proposed post-hip-fracture rehabilitation ICF core set can serve as a reference for developing effective rehabilitation strategies and goal setting by interdisciplinary teams. However, further feasibility evaluation is recommended for individualized rehabilitation program design.
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Wiertz, Carolina M. H., Bena Hemmen, Simone J. S. Sep, Susanne van Santen, Yvette Y. van Horn, Sander M. J. van Kuijk y Jeanine A. Verbunt. "Life after COVID-19: the road from intensive care back to living – a prospective cohort study". BMJ Open 12, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2022): e062332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062332.
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ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate recovery of participation in post-COVID-19 patients during the first year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. The secondary aim was to identify the early determinants associated with recovery of participation.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCOVID-19 post-ICU inpatient rehabilitation in the Netherlands, during the first epidemic wave between April and July 2020, with 1-year follow-up.ParticipantsCOVID-19 ICU survivors ≥18 years of age needing inpatient rehabilitation.Main outcome measuresParticipation in society was assessed by the ‘Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation’ (USER-P) restrictions scale. Secondary measures of body function impairments (muscle force, pulmonary function, fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), breathlessness (Medical Research Council (MRC) breathlessness scale), pain (Numerical Rating Scale)), activity limitations (6-minute walking test, Patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) 8b), personal factors (coping (Utrecht Proactive Coping Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress (Global Psychotrauma Screen—Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), cognitive functioning (Checklist for Cognitive Consequences after an ICU-admission)) and social factors were used. Statistical analyses: linear mixed-effects model, with recovery of participation levels as dependent variable. Patient characteristics in domains of body function, activity limitations, personal and social factors were added as independent variables.ResultsThis study included 67 COVID-19 ICU survivors (mean age 62 years, 78% male). Mean USER-P restrictions scores increased over time; mean participation levels increasing from 62.0, 76.5 to 86.1 at 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. After 1 year, 50% had not fully resumed work and restrictions were reported in physical exercise (51%), household duties (46%) and leisure activities (29%). Self-reported complaints of breathlessness and fatigue, more perceived limitations in daily life, as well as personal factors (less proactive coping style and anxiety/depression complaints) were associated with delayed recovery of participation (all p value <0.05).ConclusionsThis study supports the view that an integral vision of health is important when looking at the long-term consequence of post-ICU COVID-19. Personal factors such as having a less proactive coping style or mental impairments early on contribute to delayed recovery.
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DeFreese, J. D., Michael J. Baum, Julianne D. Schmidt, Benjamin M. Goerger, Nikki Barczak, Kevin M. Guskiewicz y Jason P. Mihalik. "Effects of College Athlete Life Stressors on Baseline Concussion Measures". Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, n.º 7 (1 de septiembre de 2020): 976–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0378.
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Context: Concussion baseline testing helps injury evaluation by allowing postinjury comparisons to preinjury measures. To facilitate best practice, common neurocognitive, balance, and symptom report metrics used in concussion baseline testing merit examination relative to participant life stressors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if life stressors are associated with college athlete neurocognitive function, postural control, and symptom scores at preseason baseline assessment. Design: All study variables were collected in a single laboratory session where athletes completed valid and reliable psychometrics as well as a computerized neurocognitive and balance assessments. Setting: Sports medicine research center on an American university campus. Participants: A convenience sample of 123 college student-athletes: 47 females (age = 18.9 [4.3] y) and 76 males (age = 19.4 [1.6] y). Main Outcome Measures: Participants were categorized into low, moderate, or high life stressors groups using scores from the Social Readjustment Rating Scale-Revised. Dependent variables included outcomes from the CNS Vitals Signs test, the Sensory Organization Test, and the graded symptom checklist indexing neurocognition, balance, and symptom severity, respectfully. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed that the moderate life stressors group performed significantly worse than the low life stressors group on the baseline verbal memory domain of the CNS Vital Signs (F2,119 = 3.28; P = .04) only. Conclusion: In the current college athlete sample, few baseline concussion assessment variables were found to be significantly associated with life stressors. Considering the clinical significance of these variables, psychological life stressors may not be a confounding factor in concussion evaluation.
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Ristić, Marko y Marina Đelić. "Correlation between level of adipocytokines with body composition and heart rate recovery indices". Medicinski podmladak 71, n.º 2 (2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mp71-22633.
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Introduction: Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ primarily regulates metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Anorexigenic hormone leptin increases sympathetic activity and decreases insulin secretion, thereby reducing energy depots, while adiponectin elevates tissue sensitivity to insulin, which role visfatin imitates. Heart rate recovery index (DHRR), linked with insulin resistance syndrome, reflects parasympathetic function. Our goal was to analyze correlation between adipocytokines with body composition and DHRR in athletes and sedentary controls. Material and methods: Research included 19 volleyball and water polo national team members (mean age 19.26 ± 1.94 years) and 13 physically inactive male students (mean age 20.46 ± 1.13 years). Anthropometric data were measured and blood samples for hormone analysis were taken: at the beginning, the end and 30 minutes after finishing ergospirometry. Statistical evaluation was performed using: Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon's and Spearman's rank correlation test. Results: Adiponectin levels between dependent and independent variables didn't show statistical significance. Leptin level, noteworthy lower in athletes, at the beginning and the end of the test (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), was declining in students in every before-after study aspect (p < 0.001 in each case). Visfatin was higher in sportsmen at the end of the test and 30 minutes later (p < 0.001 in both cases), but their levels decreased comparing the beginning and 30 minutes after the test (p = 0.02). Body height, VO2 max and DHRR3 were considerably higher in athletes, just as BMI, BF% and HR in the third minute of recovery were in controls (p < 0.05). Sportsmen had moderately strong negative correlation of visfatin with BF% (p = 0.002, RS = -0.674), whilst leptin showed moderately strong positive correlation with BMI and BF% (p = 0.002, RS = -0.657 and p = 0.011, RS = 0.567), respectively. Controls demonstrated strong and moderately strong positive correlation between leptin with DHRR1 (p = 0.008, RS = 0.702) and DHRR3 (p = 0.018, RS = 0.641), respectively. Conclusion: Research showed positive correlation between visfatin with BF% and leptin with BMI and BF% in athletes, considering small number of participants.
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Богачева, Татьяна y Tatyana Bogacheva. "Professional roles of hr manager: Modern look". Services in Russia and abroad 10, n.º 1 (16 de mayo de 2016): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19178.
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The necessity for specialists in the field of human relations arises when management
companies and their personnel need for an intermediary regulation of social and labor issues.
Appointments that are similar in function to the duties of the modern HR-specialists emerged in
the early twentieth century. At that time the main task of human resource managers included the
rapid accumulation of experience and knowledge, the mastering of management tools. Later,
many companies felt the need to form a comprehensive human resource management systems:
motivation, adaptation, evaluation, effectiveness of staff and others.
Professional role of HR manager in modern conditions increases significantly and
includes everything that is connected with the activities of personnel at the enterprises. This
places HR-specialists before challenges to adapt to rapid changes in the external environment of
the organization, to adapt the management skills to the aims and objectives of the rapidly
developing business.
Currently, at the enterprises with established management processes came to the fore
"soft factors", so-called virtual reality business, when main attention is paid to the climate in the
team, staff loyalty, values and motivational settings of employees. The use of these factors
demands from the НR manager the acquisition and expansion of professional competences.
Modern HR-specialist should be able to make decisions and take responsibility, to convince and lead the team. HR manager has moved to the rank of equitable manager, which may affect a
business strategy of company. His professional role in tourism enterprise has increased, and it
forces HR-manager to work on his image, improve his professional skills and develop personal
qualities.
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Postovitenko, K. P., I. A. Iliuk, S. V. Shevchuk, G. V. Bezsmertna, І. O. Bezsmertnyi y I. V. Kurylenko. "Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with chronic kidney disease and its relationship with the functional status of the cardiovascular system". Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 8, n.º 2 (22 de abril de 2017): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/021723.
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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important medical, social and economic problem nowadays. Patients with CKD are known to have an increased risk of development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. However, the causes and pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications are not well understood. One of the recently recognized “non-traditional” risk factors for the increased development of cardiovascular pathology in severe stages of CKD is hyperhomocysteinemia (HHC). The article presents the results of study of HHC frequency in patients with different stages of CKD as well as the relationship between HHC and endothelial dysfunction and structural-functional status of the heart. The study involved 148 persons with different stages of CKD who underwent immunoenzyme determination of total plasma homocysteine (HC), echocardiography, carotid ultrasonograghy, endothelial function was assessed as well. It was found that among the patients with CKD, 26 (21.1%) had normal and 34 (27.7%) had subnormal HC levels, mild HHC was observed in 30 (24.4%) and moderate HHC – in 33 (26.8%) cases, i.e. the total number of patients with elevated HC level was 88.9%. It should be noted that no patients with normal HC level were found among those with stage four CKD as well as in dialysis patients. The increase of blood plasma HC level was actually proportional to the severity of renal failure, which in its turn led to the shift in the number of cases towards higher rank indices of HHC level. In particular, while there were no patients with HHC among those with CKD-I, more than 50% of such patients were found in the group with CKD-V. Reduced myocardial contractility and echocardiographic markers of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with CKD were found to be closely associated with HC concentrations in blood plasma. The data presented clearly demonstrate strong inverse correlation between endothelial dysfunction indices and HC level. So, the endothelium-dependent brachial artery vasodilation in patients with CKD-IV was lower by 3.8 and 1.5 times compared with control group and CKD-III group, respectively, and endothelium-independent vasodilation of the brachial artery – by 2.4 and 1.9 times, respectively. Correlation analysis also confirmed that impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent dilation with high statistical significance inversely correlated with the level of HC in blood plasma. Thus, the population of patients with CKD is characterized by high HHC frequency, which is closely associated with cardiovascular disorders (endothelial dysfunction, structural and functional remodelling of the myocardium) and can be an important risk factor for the development of vascular lesions. We believe that adequate correction of HHC, including administration of folic acid preparations could reduce the progression of vascular lesions in patients with CKD.
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KRUSE, SARAH, MICHALINA KRZONKALLA y STEVE MÜLLER. "HISTORY, TASKS AND FUNCTIONS OF ONKO-NAVIGATORS ON THE EXAMPLE OF A SPECIFIC CASE. EXPERIENCE IN PRESENTATION AND REFLECTION". Chelovek.RU, n.º 2021-16 (22 de noviembre de 2021): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.32691/2410-0935-2021-16-108-120.
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Due to the growing proportion of the geriatric population, caused by demographic change, there is an ever-increasing challenge for the health care system. The spectrum of illnesses shows a diversity that appears to be dependent on the extended life expectancy of people. In the course of the change in values, people's individual health has become the central frame of reference for their personal actions. In the process, within politics and society, these challenges are addressed in the context of health policy, whether it is the impact of demographic change or the management of medical progress. Case-management offers a methodological change that aims to minimise the problems within the cooperation and coordination of services and social benefits. The effectiveness of the system depends on its implementation in terms of organization and content, which is particularly important in practical implementation. Processes are to be designed efficiently for the patient, which finds its methodology within the organizational development with regard to human services care. The requirements of case management presuppose a network for cooperation between the faculties involved, which are reinforced by specialists. case-oriented process regulation includes the pilot function, which implies monitoring and evaluation of the process. The pilot must have corresponding competences to act, which should achieve a range of services at the system level through diverse collaboration.
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Eek, Daniel, Cristina Ivanescu, Leanne Kool-Houweling y David Cella. "Psychometric Evaluation of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale (FACIT-Fatigue) in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)". Blood 134, Supplement_1 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 4763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-123056.
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Introduction: The shift toward long-term, targeted therapies for patients with CLL requires fit-for-purpose patient-reported outcome instruments (PROs) to assess overall treatment benefit. The FACIT-Fatigue is designed to assess fatigue-related symptoms and their impact on daily functioning, with extensive published evidence of its reliability and validity in cancer populations, although not specifically for CLL. This study evaluates the psychometric properties of the FACIT-Fatigue in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL to determine if it is fit-for-purpose in this population. Methods: Data were from baseline assessments in a multicenter, open-label, phase 3 study that enrolled patients with relapsed or refractory CLL (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02970318). Patients completed the following PROs at baseline: FACIT-Fatigue; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30-questions (EORTC QLQ-C30); and EuroQol 5-Dimension 5-Level instrument (EQ-5D-5L), including its global health visual analog scale (EQ-VAS). The FACIT-Fatigue includes a 5-item symptom scale (Sx) and an 8-item impact scale (Imp) that together make up the 13-item Total score. Item responses range from 0 ("not at all") to 4 ("very much"). Scores for negatively worded items are reversed, such that higher scores are better (i.e. less fatigue). The EORTC QLQ-C30 contains 8 multi-item function (Physical, Role, Cognitive, Emotional, Social) and symptom (Fatigue, Pain, Nausea/Vomiting) scales, 5 single-item symptom scales (Dyspnea, Insomnia, Appetite Loss, Constipation, Diarrhea), a Global Health Status scale and a single-item financial impact scale. The EQ-5D-5L comprises five impairment-related dimensions (Mobility, Self-care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, Anxiety/Depression). EQ-VAS is a 0-100 scale of a patient's health status. FACIT-Fatigue psychometric assessments included descriptive statistics for items and scales, item-to-item and item-to-total analysis, internal consistency reliability and construct (convergent and known-groups) validity. Convergent validity was assessed based on correlations with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-VAS. Baseline known-groups were defined by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status (0 or 1 vs. 2), hemoglobin level (<110 g/L vs. ≥110 g/L) and constitutional symptoms (night sweats, fever, unexplained weight loss, significant fatigue [none vs. ≥1 symptom]). Cluster analysis (based on groupings by FACIT-Fatigue and EORTC QLQ-C30 scores) was performed to identify a FACIT-Fatigue severity cut-off score. Results: Baseline PRO data were available for 263 patients. Mean scores ranged from 1.01 to 1.84 for Sx items and from 0.40 to 2.23 for Imp items. The proportion of patients answering "not at all" was >25% for 1 of 5 Sx items but for 7 of 8 Imp items, indicating that at baseline there was low impact of fatigue on activities. Most item-to-item correlations and all item-to-total correlations were moderate to strong (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient r≥0.3). The FACIT-Fatigue demonstrated good internal consistency reliability, with Cronbach's coefficient α of 0.87, 0.86 and 0.91 for the Sx, Imp and Total scores, respectively. Sx, Imp and Total scores correlated strongly with the EORTC QLQ-C30 Global Health Status, Physical Function, Role Function and Fatigue scale scores, and the EQ-5D-5L VAS score (all Spearman's r≥0.5), demonstrating convergent validity. Weak correlations (r≤0.3) were observed between the FACIT-Fatigue scales and the EORTC QLQ-C30 Insomnia, Constipation and Diarrhea scales, indicating that there is no relationship between fatigue and these symptoms, and demonstrating discriminant validity. Known-groups validity of the FACIT-Fatigue scales was demonstrated by significant differences between groups defined by baseline ECOG status, hemoglobin level, and constitutional symptoms (Table). Cluster analysis supported a FACIT-Fatigue Total score threshold of either 30 or 34 (Cohen's kappa coefficients of 0.76 and 0.67, respectively) to define a severe fatigue population. Conclusions: Psychometric analyses in patients with relapsed or refractory CLL demonstrated that the FACIT-Fatigue has good psychometric properties and is fit-for-purpose in this population. Results support the use of the FACIT-Fatigue in these patients in the clinical trial setting. Disclosures Eek: AstraZeneca: Employment, Equity Ownership. Ivanescu:Astellas: Consultancy. Kool-Houweling:IQVIA: Employment. Cella:FACIT.org: Equity Ownership.
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Faizulloev, A. I. "Chronic heart failure in association with diabetes mellitus". Health care of Tajikistan, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2022): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2022-352-1-96-103.
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Aim. To present clinical and functional characteristics of chronic heart failure in association with diabetes mellitus type 2.Material and methods. 105 patients with a verified diagnosis of chronic heart failure in association with diabetes mellitus type 2 who were hospitalized at the cardiology department of State Institution “RCRC” of Ministry of Health and Social Welfare of RT during the period 01.09.2020 - 01.08.2021 were examined. Of them, men were 48 (45.7%), women 57 (54.3%). All patients underwent general clinical, laboratory, instrumental, as well as functional examinations.Results and discussion. Complex evaluation of patients with chronic heart failure in association with diabetes mellitus type 2 (n=105) showed that the majority of patients (96,2%) had metabolic subcompensation of carbohydrate metabolism - HbA1c>7%. The results of assessing the severity of clinical symptoms according to the clinical evaluation scale, indicators of renal function, and hemodynamic parameters of the heart in the group of patients with chronic heart failure in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension + coronary heart disease were significantly different from the group of patients with chronic heart failure in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus also with arterial hypertension and chronic heart failure in association with coronary heart disease.Conclusion. The etiology of chronic heart failure in our study group is CHD and arterial hypertension, which have distinctive features depending on gender and age. The degree of clinical symptomatology manifestation is directly dependent on the functional class of chronic heart failure. The most frequent companions of chronic heart failure in association with type 2 diabetes mellitus are obesity and chronic kidney disease. Left ventricular hypertrophy is considered to be one of the unfavorable predictors of cardiovascular complications, and its fluctuations were observed in our patients.