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Souza, Lucas Santos, Camila Freitas Almeida, Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto, Rita de Cássia Mingroni Pavanello, Juliana Gurgel-Giannetti, Silvia Souza da Costa, Isabela Pessa Anequini et al. "Manifesting carriers of X-linked myotubular myopathy". Neurology Genetics 6, n.º 5 (4 de septiembre de 2020): e513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/nxg.0000000000000513.
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ObjectiveTo analyze the modulation of the phenotype in manifesting carriers of recessive X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), searching for possible genetic modifiers.MethodsTwelve Brazilian families with XLMTM were molecularly and clinically evaluated. In 2 families, 4 of 6 and 2 of 5 manifesting female carriers were identified. These females were studied for X chromosome inactivation. In addition, whole-exome sequencing was performed, looking for possible modifier variants. We also determined the penetrance rate among carriers of the mutations responsible for the condition.ResultsMutations in the MTM1 gene were identified in all index patients from the 12 families, being 4 of them novel. In the heterozygotes, X chromosome inactivation was random in 3 of 4 informative manifesting carriers. The disease penetrance rate was estimated to be 30%, compatible with incomplete penetrance. Exome comparative analyses identified variants within a segment of 4.2 Mb on chromosome 19, containing the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor cluster of genes that were present in all nonmanifesting carriers and absent in all manifesting carriers. We hypothesized that these killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor variants may modulate the phenotype, acting as a protective factor in the nonmanifesting carriers.ConclusionsAffected XLMTM female carriers have been described with a surprisingly high frequency for a recessive X-linked disease, raising the question about the pattern of inheritance or the role of modifier factors acting on the disease phenotype. We demonstrated the possible existence of genetic mechanisms and variants accountable for the clinical manifestation in these women, which can become future targets for therapies.
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Костирко, Лідія Андріївна y Тетяна Василівна Соломатіна. "ФІНАНСОВИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ КРЕДИТНИХ СПІЛОК У СИСТЕМІ РОЗВИТКУ МАЛИХ ФОРМ АГРОБІЗНЕСУ". TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, n.º 1 (5 de mayo de 2020): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2020.1.08.
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Formulation of problem. The article is focused on the analysis of trends of development of credit unions and the basis for scientific and practical recommendations regarding increasing the financial potential of credit unions in system of development of small forms of agrarian business. The aim of research is the development of theoretical aspects and practical recommendations regarding increasing the financial potential of credit unions in system of development of small forms of governance in agrarian area. The object of the research is the financial potential of credit unions. Methods, used in research: generalization, comparison, logical and informative, scientific knowledge, induction, analysis. The hypothesis of the research: analytical evaluation of development trends of credit unions for identification of the feasibility of fund-raising for small forms agrarian business. The statement of basic materials. The dynamics of quantity of credit unions, the number of persons included by them, the amount of capital, loan and deposit portfolio, risks of activity is analysed as a whole and in the frames of all -Ukrainian association. The critical estimation of le gal status and prudential regulation is provided, their influence on the disclosure of financial potential of credit unions and their advantages for small forms of agrarian business as representation in regions with developed agricultural production, territorial accessibility, the opportunity of to give modest amouts of credit sums for a long term for household plots and farms is determined. The originality and practical significance of the research is the development of recommendations regarding support for small forms of governance in agrarian area by credit unions. Conclusions and perspectives of further researches. Credit unions (CU) have significant competitive advantages over banks at the level of consumer loans and credit for rural commodity producers. Therefore, free fund-raising of credit unions will play an important role in the development of small forms of governance in agrarian area.
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Vartanov, S. A. "The Economic Theory of Advertising: The Directions of Formation". Administrative Consulting, n.º 8 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2020-8-157-174.
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One of the key tools that are traditionally used in solving media strategizing problems is advertising. The impacts of advertising on the processes taking place in the economy are significant and remarkably diverse, thus raising a big question to the media strategists to systematize and classify both the types of such impacts and the economic theories that study it. This work is devoted to the study of this issue: the most significant approaches to a comprehensive study of advertising at various planning periods (from instant to long-term strategic) are presented. We analyze the informative and persuasive functions of advertisement, compare the influence of its visual and textual forms and discuss key points of cognitive and behavior approaches to understand how advertisement affects the consumers’ demand. We describe basic models of economic equilibrium, which take the advertisement influence on different market structures into account, as well as two-sided models of media markets. It is shown that the less developed field of the economics of advertising is behavior and market influence analysis of the firms whose specialization is creating and distributing media content and advertisement. Due to this, we introduce the way to construct a new class of market models involving three types of economic agents — consumers, media firms and economic goods producers.
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Pobel, E. A., L. M. Bengus y N. V. Dedukh. "MARKERS OF BONE METABOLISM IN LONG BONE’S ADHESION". Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases 15, n.º 2 (15 de agosto de 2012): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14341/osteo2012225-32.
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This review presents the current evidence about the use of markers of bone metabolism in the prediction of fracture healing, differences in concentrations of blood markers of bone metabolism in patients with normal and delayed consolidation of bone fragments. We analyze the relationship between the fracture site, time-stage features of its healing and urinary macromolecules, reflecting bone metabolism. Increase in bone turnover, which is observed after the fracture, is characterized by activation markers of bone resorption, with a subsequent increase in the concentration of blood markers of bone formation. However, there is a marked variability in data concerning the levels of bone markers in plasma at different stages of fracture healing. We show that in patients with delayed fracture healing there is a significant delay in raising osteocalcin levels. Prognostic features for determining fracture nonunion include low concentrations of N-terminal propeptide of procollagen type I. Determination of markers of bone metabolism in blood can serve as informative criterion for the course of reparative osteogenesis, but one must consider the nature of traumatic injury, time passed from injury, especially the state of bone tissue at the time of injury, age of the patient to identify the early stages of consolidation disturbances.
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Kocira, Sławomir. "Concepts and Methods of Mathematic Modelling of Plant Growth and Development. Plant Germination -Part I". Agricultural Engineering 22, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2018): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/agriceng-2018-0022.
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AbstractContemporary agricultural engineering searches for “safe” methods of raising crop yields, using a combination of knowledge from a number of sciences. Thus, computer modelling of plant growth and development fits this range, because it has become an area of interdisciplinary research. Presentation of knowledge in the form of mathematical computer models is one of paradigms of agricultural production systems based on the scientific and practical knowledge and information. In the scientific activity concerning agricultural engineering research tasks related to mathematical modelling of agrobiological processes have been carried out for many years. Additionally, the use of modern forecasting techniques in agriculture may bring real financial advantages with regard to the fact that based on crop yield prediction estimation of their cultivation profitability is possible. Dynamic and continuous progress of computer and informative technologies creates new opportunities showing thus growth directions of agricultural engineering. Taking this into consideration, it should be emphasised that mathematical modelling constitutes a support for decision processes which take place in agricultural production. This article discusses mathematical models, where the analysed system is described with the use of mathematical formulas. The objective of the paper was to present the current state of knowledge on mathematical methods in describing and predicting seeds germination. Possibilities of their use and new challenges which occur in the description of seeds germination were presented.
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Erdal, Gülistan, Hilmi Erdal, Bekir Ayyıldız, Merve Ayyıldız y Adnan Çiçek. "Tokat İli Meyve-Sebze Üretiminde Pestisit Kullanımı ve Üreticilerin Bilinç Düzeyleri". Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, n.º 10 (12 de octubre de 2019): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i10.1515-1521.2407.
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Many studies have revealed that unconscious and intensive use of pesticides causes significant environmental and health problems. In this sense, it is important to investigate the awareness level of pesticide use by producers. The basic material of the study consists of the data obtained from the survey carried out with the farmers producing fruit and vegetables in 10 specified villages in the central county of Tokat province. 110 questionnaires were applied in respect of the production rates of the villages. the data belong to 2017 between October and December. The data obtained from the survey revealed that 97% of the fruit and vegetable producers in Tokat use pesticides but 50% of them have no information about the contents of the pesticides they use. It is observed that they depend on their own experiences (50%) and the recommendations of the pesticide dealers (80%). 55% of the producers stated that the pesticide usage expenditures vary between 2 to 5 thousand Turkish Liras. These expenditure rates, which are quite high in terms of total production cost, shows that pesticides are widely used. Producers state that they use not more than gloves and masks while using pesticides as they accept their unconsciousness of the harms of pesticides to the human and environmental health, whereas they have no opinion about the danger of the residual rates of pesticides on food security. However they indicated that they will not be indifferent to possible informative trainings to be held in their villages or area. In this context, it is necessary to educate producers by experts in raising awareness of them and to ensure the continuity of these educations and to analyze the feedback of the educations by making pesticide residue analyzes.
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Trokhimchuk, V. V., O. I. Belyaeva y L. M. Unhurian. "Organization of medical care for children in Ukraine (review of literature)". Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, n.º 1 (14 de agosto de 2018): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.1.17.03.
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The realization of high quality medical measures for protecting children’s health remains an important issue at the stage of reforming the domestic medicine. The aim of this work was to study and analyze the system of medical aid for children in Ukraine. The research focused on normative-legal acts regulating the organization of medical aid for children. The research methods are informative, retrospective, historical, logical and analytical.
The analysis of normative-legal documents regulating the organization of rendering of medical aid for children established their formality and economic groundlessness.
According to January 2017, only 35 documents were included into the Registry of medical technological documents in the direction of «Pediatrics». It means that many children’s pathological states are not covered by standardization, what reduces the quality of medical aid.
The national programs for the improvement of health status of children remained unrealized due to the lack of funding, ill-coordinated links between program implementers, the lack of effective monitoring of the quality and results of realizing the state programs. The implementation result of IMChI strategy was the reduction of mortality rate in children of different age groups in the pilot regions. In terms of reforming the combined model (model III) is the most effective and acceptable for pediatric care rendering.
The population expenses reach nearly half of the total funding of the sector, what demonstrates the inconsistencies between the real state of children’s assurance in the health care system of Ukraine and national normative acts.
It was determined the necessity of structural reorganization of the system, the optimization of beds number, the increase of medical care funding from state and local budgets, the raising of resource efficiency of health care system and the continued development and implementation of modern protocols (standards) for the treatment of children pathologies.
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Akbar, Muhammad, Abdulmohsen Obied Alshamari, Muhammad Tariq, Alhelali Marwan, Basim S. O. Alsaedi y Ishfaq Ahmad. "Bayesian versus Classical Econometric Inference to Revisit the Role of Human Capital in Economic Growth". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (27 de mayo de 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7251670.
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Application of Bayesian inference to analyze real economic phenomena is rare in the literature on applied economics. This study contributes in two ways. Firstly, it contributes to methodological advancement in the literature on applied economic modeling by estimating a structural model using the classical econometric framework as well as the Bayesian two-stage econometric framework. The performance of the two approaches is compared due to the small sample size and the best model is selected. Secondly, the study is used to get fresh evidence about the impact of human capital upon economic growth in the form of Bayes mean estimates along with their Highest Posterior Density Intervals (HPDIs) which give certain ranges of estimates within which the parameters are likely to lie. Annual data on the Pakistan economy ranging from 1965 to 2019 is used for the estimation of the model. Classical estimates are obtained using the efficient GMM method. Bayes mean estimates are simulated using a Bayesian two-stage procedure assuming multivariate normal-Wishart informative priors. Results show that the Bayesian econometric framework gives more precise parameters’ estimates as compared to the classical econometric framework, and hence, the Bayesian inference may be preferred over classical inference, especially in the case of a small sample size. The Bayes estimates show that a 1% increase in education capital and health capital causes raising economic growth by 0.0091% and 0.1778%, respectively, with a 0.95 probability that the estimates are likely to lie within the intervals 0.0085%–0.0097% and 0.1606%–0.1952%, respectively. Hence, human capital might be considered a vital factor to achieve economic growth in Pakistan. Moreover, health capital shows strong effects as compared to education capital in the process of economic growth.
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Drachneris, Julius, Mindaugas Morkunas, Mantas Fabijonavicius, Albertas Cekauskas, Feliksas Jankevicius y Arvydas Laurinavicius. "Spatial Distribution of Macrophage and Lymphocyte Subtypes within Tumor Microenvironment to Predict Recurrence of Non-Muscle-Invasive Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma after BCG Immunotherapy". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, n.º 9 (27 de abril de 2024): 4776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094776.
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Non-muscle-invasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (NMIPUC) of the urinary bladder is the most common type of bladder cancer. Intravesical Bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy is applied in patients with a high risk of recurrence and progression of NMIPUC to muscle-invasive disease. However, the tumor relapses in about 30% of patients despite the treatment, raising the need for better risk stratification. We explored the potential of spatial distributions of immune cell subtypes (CD20, CD11c, CD163, ICOS, and CD8) within the tumor microenvironment to predict NMIPUC recurrence following BCG immunotherapy. Based on analyses of digital whole-slide images, we assessed the densities of the immune cells in the epithelial–stromal interface zone compartments and their distribution, represented by an epithelial–stromal interface density ratio (IDR). While the densities of any cell type did not predict recurrence, a higher IDR of CD11c (HR: 0.0012, p-value = 0.0002), CD8 (HR: 0.0379, p-value = 0.005), and ICOS (HR: 0.0768, p-value = 0.0388) was associated with longer recurrence-free survival (RFS) based on the univariate Cox regression. The history of positive repeated TUR (re-TUR) (HR: 4.93, p-value = 0.0001) and T1 tumor stage (HR: 2.04, p-value = 0.0159) were associated with shorter RFS, while G3 tumor grade according to the 1973 WHO classification showed borderline significance (HR: 1.83, p-value = 0.0522). In a multivariate analysis, the two models with a concordance index exceeding 0.7 included the CD11c IDR in combination with either a history of positive re-TUR or tumor stage. We conclude that the CD11c IDR is the most informative predictor of NMIPUC recurrence after BCG immunotherapy. Our findings highlight the importance of assessment of the spatial distribution of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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Sapuan, Shari, Paul T. Heath, Blair L. Strang, Asma Khalil y Christine E. Jones. "Learning from the experiences of pregnant women participating in a research study investigating human cytomegalovirus shedding: A qualitative study". PLOS ONE 18, n.º 11 (30 de noviembre de 2023): e0292134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292134.
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Transmission of human cytomegalovirus (CMV), from a pregnant woman to her fetus can cause congenital CMV infection, with life-long problems in some infected children. The presence of CMV in an infected individual’s bodily fluid is known as shedding. An individual can become infected with CMV through contact with another individual who is shedding CMV in their bodily fluid, and the avoidance of contact with infected fluids may reduce the risk of infection. We explored the experiences of pregnant women taking part in a study investigating CMV shedding, to identify the potential facilitators and barriers towards engaging pregnant women with CMV risk-reduction measures. Twenty pregnant women participated in semi-structured, end-of-study, telephone interviews, analysed using thematic analysis. They participated in an observational study investigating CMV shedding in pregnant women previously infected with CMV living with young children. Participating women considered that CMV testing of themselves and their newborns was a benefit of participation, without raising additional concerns. They identified that their participation was contingent on a balance of convenience and inconvenience, and benefits and risks. Participation increased their awareness of their hygiene-based practices, leading to behavioural modifications that put them in contact with urine and saliva of their children without instructions to do so. These behavioural modifications might interfere with household routines. However, they recognised it to be a time-limited risk-reduction measure, and felt empowered by the knowledge they had gained through study participation and the support they had received from their partners. Participating women gained an increased awareness of their behaviour, resulting in behavioural modification without instructions to do this, in line with previous findings that trial participation can impact on participants’ thinking about their behaviour with a possibility to influence change. Maternal research and risk-reduction measures should be centred around being informative, convenient, empowering, and supportive.
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Azarova, Vasilisa N. y Nataliia V. Zhilyakova. "Popularization of literature on parenting and books for children's reading on the pages of the newspaper Tomskiy spravochnyy listok (1894)". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 482 (2023): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/482/3.
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The article considers book reviews published in the newspaper Tomskiy spravochnyy listok in 1894, the first year of its publication. The publisher of the newspaper was Petr Makushin, a well-known Siberian bookseller, philanthropist, educator and entrepreneur, founder of the largest bookshop in Siberia. Tomskiy spravochnyy listok appeared due to the fact that Makushin was not allowed to found a public-political newspaper (Sibirskaya gazeta, which he had published before, was closed “for a harmful direction”). Thus, the release of the Tomskiy spravochnyy listok was a compromise solution in the dispute between Makushin and the General Administration of Press. The program of Tomskiy spravochnyy listok was very short: it was allowed to publish reference information and advertising, government orders, telegrams, local chronicles, reports and bibliographic news. The latter was an important section of the newspaper, in which authors could not only recommend books for reading, but also express their views on them and on the problems raised on the pages. The aim of this article is to discover the peculiarities of the reviews published in the newspaper Tomskiy spravochnyy listok, including those dedicated to publications for children's reading and upbringing. In order to reach this aim, the authors determined the place of book reviews in the structure of the newspaper, composed the corpus of analysed publications, revealed their thematic spectrum, determined the methods of popularising children's literature and books on parenting. The main methods of research are comprehensive analysis of periodicals, historical typology and structural-thematic analysis. The section “Bibliography” simultaneously performed several functions in the newspaper: informational, advertising, informative-educational, publicist. Individual reviews were highly publicistic, consistent with the general Russian trend to bypass censorship prohibitions on discussing important public issues through literary criticism. The thematic range of Tomskiy spravochnyy listok reviews was quite wide, although most of the books considered were of a scientific-popular character. This trend was also characteristic of children's reading books, which were not regarded as entertainment but as a means of education and self-education. Reviewers of Tomskiy spravochnyy listok drew attention to the necessity of raising a moral younger generation, development of their practical skills, preservation of health and inculcation of useful habits, including work. Further research of materials of Tomskiy spravochnyy listok, which in 1895 transformed into the newspaper Tomskiy listok and in 1897 into the newspaper Sibirskaya zhizn', will show the development of “children's theme” on the pages of this leading periodical of Siberia.
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Dziurdzia, Konrad. "Metamorfoza Kultury i sektora kreatywnego w gospodarce ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem propozycji i środków UE". Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii 28, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2011): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1429-3730.28.02.
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This article outlines the changing role of culture in modern economy. According to European examinations and researches (including the European Commission), culture is one of the biggest and most dynamically developing employers of Europe, supporting increasingly domestic economies, particularly at the regional level. According to many economists, for instance David Throsby (Professor of Economics at Macquarie University in Sydney ), countries, which are not investing in culture at the age of innovative economies cannot function properly. Culture is no longer perceived only in terms of some aesthetic values but is more often regarded as an economical motor. Moreover, the definition of culture applies now to a very broad range of activities, including creative sectors, which are using cultural resources. Culture becomes a web of different sectors. Culture has a direct and indirect impact on economy, especially in the social sphere, it may also strongly affect economic transformations of areas, characterized by low level of general investments. Furthermore, it becomes an object of scientific and economical analyses. Many European countries are demonstrating an interest in the economics and culture, Great Britain or Germany for example – adapting widely culture for economic and social purposes. However this process needs a great deal of support, it is not possible without coherent promotional and educational system, deeply hierarchical model, active participation of non-government organizations, a huge amount of plans and assistance programs dedicated to culture at the local, regional and domestic level, as well as wide non-profit social contribution into the bloom of this increasingly important branch. The idea of profitable culture should be attached to national development strategies. We should create appropriate mechanisms, changing the social attitude towards culture, harnessing informative and educational campaigns raising public awareness of the notion of National Heritage (already at the level of basic education). Long-term programs aiming cultural education are compulsory, within different aspects of its activity. Culture fulfills multiple purposes important for the economy, it stimulates : the labour market, the entrepreneurship of private, public institutions and the society, development of new technologies, tourism, development of professional qualifications (in particular shaping the idea of lifelong learning), other industries. The proportion of well-educated employees in the cultural & creative sector is significant, what was proven in British examinations. Finally, culture allows Poland to apply for a huge financial aid from the EU funds: Culture Programme, European Capital of Culture, Media 2007 Programme, Digital Libraries initiatives, Lifelong Learning Programme or Europe for Citizens project. The role of culture shouldn’t be underestimated at the time of economic chaos in Europe, when governments are deciding on budget cuts. To some extent the article is answering a question, whether the culture should undergo additional funding now, so when the national debts are growing, or it would be illogical.
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Vera Jenny Basiroen, Mita Purbasari Wahidiyat y Anjanette Kalinemas. "DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DARI FAST FASHION: MENINGKATKAN KESADARAN DI KALANGAN MILENIAL MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL". Jurnal Dimensi DKV: Seni Rupa dan Desain 8, n.º 1 (17 de abril de 2023): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/jdd.v8i1.16694.
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Abstract
The Environmental Impact of Fast Fashion: Raising Awareness Among Millenials Through Social Media. Jakarta's fashion industry is particularly prone to this issue as it follows current trends. Despite the increasing awareness of the environmental impact, the rise of fast fashion, characterized by cheap manufacturing, frequent consumption, and short-lived clothing, has led to a surge in discarded clothing. The rapid changes in fashion trends and excessive consumption have a tremendous environmental effect. Millennials, especially those in metropolitan cities like Jakarta, are particularly susceptible to following the latest fashion trends, making it crucial to understand how they dispose of their used clothes. This increased consumption has resulted in millions of tons of textile waste in landfills and unregulated settings. To address this problem, the authors used an innovative method called the Design Thinking Process by IDEO Design and Riverdale Country School New York. This method involves five stages: research and discovery, analysis, ideation, experimentation, and implementation. The research process involved observations, interviews, and a literature study to collect and analyze informative videos. The authors presented the results of their findings using infographic posters and social media, intending to raise awareness among the younger generation about the negative impact of the fast fashion industry and minimize the amount of textile waste damaging the environment.
Keywords: fast fashion, environmental impact, millennials, social media campaigns, awareness
Abstrak
Dampak Lingkungan dari Fast Fashion: Meningkatkan Kesadaran di Kalangan Milenial Melalui Media Sosial. Industri fesyen di Jakarta sangat rentan terhadap masalah ini karena mengikuti tren yang ada. Terlepas dari meningkatnya kesadaran akan dampak lingkungan, munculnya fast fashion, yang ditandai dengan produksi yang murah, konsumsi yang sering, dan pakaian yang berumur pendek, telah menyebabkan lonjakan pakaian yang dibuang. Perubahan cepat dalam tren fesyen dan konsumsi yang berlebihan memiliki dampak lingkungan yang luar biasa. Generasi milenial, terutama yang tinggal di kota metropolitan seperti Jakarta, sangat rentan untuk mengikuti tren mode terbaru, sehingga sangat penting untuk memahami bagaimana mereka membuang pakaian bekas mereka. Konsumsi yang meningkat ini telah menghasilkan jutaan ton limbah tekstil di tempat pembuangan akhir dan tempat yang tidak diatur. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, para penulis menggunakan metode inovatif yang disebut Proses Pemikiran Desain (Design Thinking Process) oleh IDEO Design dan Riverdale Country School New York. Metode ini melibatkan lima tahap yaitu penelitian dan penemuan, analisis, ide, eksperimen, dan implementasi. Proses penelitian melibatkan observasi, wawancara, dan studi literatur untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis video informatif. Para penulis mempresentasikan hasil temuan mereka menggunakan poster infografis dan media sosial, dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran di kalangan generasi muda tentang dampak negatif dari industri fast fashion dan meminimalkan jumlah limbah tekstil yang merusak lingkungan.
Kata kunci: fast fashion, dampak lingkungan, generasi milenial, kampanye media sosial, kesadaran
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Oliveira, Evandro Samuel y Mariana Simoes. "A legitimidade através da comunicação no sector público: o caso da câmara municipal da Covilhã em tempos de Covid". Relaciones Públicas diversas / Diverse Public Relations 12, n.º 23 (30 de junio de 2022): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5783/rirp-23-2022-10-185-206.
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This paper seeks to understand whether there is a concern in a municipal body as the Covilhã City Council to legitimize itself; gauge how it legitimizes the public processes of urgent matters, such as the Covid-19 process; and find out which categories of moral legitimacy suggested by Suchman (1995) are more important for the citizens of the municipality. In this case, legitimation through municipal communication was analyzed based on an in-depth interview with the professional responsible for communication, content analysis of press releases released by Covilhã City Council, and with data collected in four focus groups in order to understand the legitimating processes and expectations from the citizens' point of view. The results show that there an intention on legitimizing that is not translated in a strategic or tactical-planned way. Although there is an intense communication around the urgent public process, with about 14 press releases referring to it in the period of six months, these are limited to a more informative character and to the dissemination of activity and political decisions, rather than strategic or with contents that seek legitimization processes with implicit and/or symbolic dimensions. From the analysis of communication management, despite the professionalization and even a structure in the body in question, there is no decision-making autonomy, nor monitoring of the public or planning according to analyses. In this way, ad-hoc communication may mirror momentary mental strategies of the manager and the team of communication and public relations professionals, but does not consider an analysis of publics, nor the production of specific materials for each segment of citizens. These findings are in line with conclusions from studies of government communication, which suggest the need for a strategic and not only tactical approach to build intangibles (e.g. Sanders and Canel, 2013). Furthermore, the study reveals that citizens have expectations in various dimensions, including public communication in awareness-raising processes and strategies with preference to better suited tools to all age groups. As a conclusion we can state that there is no satisfaction of the communicative needs and consequently legitimacy is in question. The focus group analysis shows that younger citizens seek and expect communication processes at the level of the role of politicians and dialogical processes; the dialogical and procedural expectations decrease with the age of the groups. However, there is a predominance of structural legitimacy in all Portuguese groups, which mostly include national and regional bodies. The roles of local processes are left to the background. Consequential legitimacy has less relevance. The professional practice of communication in the public sector in the case of Covilhã Municipality regarding Covid falls short of what is proposed by the academic discipline. This study contributed to reinforce the idea that legitimacy and legitimation processes are always contextual and dependent on the environment and that, therefore, without research on publics, strategic management and strategic plans it is not possible to have an effective communication management in the public sector.
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Musa, Sandrine, Theo Hemberle, Staffan Bensch, Vaidas Palinauskas, Laima Baltrūnaitė, Friederike Woog y Ute Mackenstedt. "Raising the bar: genus-specific nested PCR improves detection and lineage identification of avian haemosporidian parasites". Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 14 (29 de abril de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1385599.
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Avian haemosporidian parasites are useful model organisms to study the ecology and evolution of parasite-host interactions due to their global distribution and extensive biodiversity. Detection of these parasites has evolved from microscopic examination to PCR-based methods, with the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene serving as barcoding region. However, standard PCR protocols used for screening and identification purposes have limitations in detecting mixed infections and generating phylogenetically informative data due to short amplicon lengths. To address these issues, we developed a novel genus-specific nested PCR protocol targeting avian haemosporidian parasites. The protocol underwent rigorous testing utilizing a large dataset comprising blood samples from Malagasy birds of three distinct Passeriformes families. Furthermore, validation was done by examining smaller datasets in two other laboratories employing divergent master mixes and different bird species. Comparative analyses were conducted between the outcomes of the novel PCR protocol and those obtained through the widely used standard nested PCR method. The novel protocol enables specific identification of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus), and Leucocytozoon parasites. The analyses demonstrated comparable sensitivity to the standard nested PCR with notable improvements in detecting mixed infections. In addition, phylogenetic resolution is improved by amplification of longer fragments, leading to a better understanding of the haemosporidian biodiversity and evolution. Overall, the novel protocol represents a valuable addition to avian haemosporidian detection methodologies, facilitating comprehensive studies on parasite ecology, epidemiology, and evolution.
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Salehi, Zahra, Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi y Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh. "Molecular Epidemiology, Genetic Diversity, and Antifungal Susceptibility of Major Pathogenic Dermatophytes Isolated From Human Dermatophytosis". Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (4 de junio de 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.643509.
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BackgroundDermatophytes are a homogeneous group of species with low genetic diversity, and there are still many uncertainties about the boundaries among species.ObjectivesAiming at clarifying the relationships among species in the genus and introducing suitable genes for multilocus sequence typing (MLST), a new MLST scheme approach was developed to characterize the major pathogenic dermatophytes.MethodsWe performed maximum parsimony (MP), MrBayes, RAxML, and eBURST analyses, based on the MLST scheme to scrutinize the evolution within 95 clinical isolates and four reference strains belonging to the four major dermatophytes species. Then, the discriminatory power, pairwise genetic distances, ratio dN/dS, and sequence types (STs) of these isolates were determined. Also, to study taxonomy, sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Beta-tubulin (BT2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF-1α) genes of other dermatophytes species available in the GenBank were analyzed.ResultsFindings of the present study indicated that three genes: BT2, ITS, and TEF−1α, which showed the greatest diversity among dermatophyte species, were suitable for MLST. The most prevalent STs were seen among the species of Trichophyton interdigitale. Also, two new genotypes, i.e., XXVII and XXVIII, were introduced for T. interdigitale and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The least informative sites were found in Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, and T. mentagrophytes, while the most informative sites were observed in T. interdigitale. Furthermore, the most informative locus was TEF-1α. The phylogenetic tree, constructed by the combination of the three genes, shows a new topological pattern that confirms the derivation of the anthropophilic and zoophilic genera from the geophilic genus. Also, the phylogenetic analyses and pairwise distances of the combination of the three loci showed that Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton equinum were a species complex, where T. equinum is derived from T. tonsurans.ConclusionsResults of this study showed that MLST is very effective in determining the boundaries between species and taxonomy. Considering that there is no database for MLST dermatophytes, further studies are needed to determine the suitable genes for MLST. Also, the determination of STs in epidemiological studies and raising epidemiological information are helpful. This study was a new starting point to determine the ST and a foundation for a dermatophyte MLST database.
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Lobry, Claude. "La méthode des élucidations successives". Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 9, 2007 Conference in... (30 de septiembre de 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.1897.
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International audience In the process of elaboration of a model one emphasize on the necessity of confronting the model with the reality which it is supposed to represent. There is another aspect of the modelling process, to my opinion also essential, about which one usually do not speak. It consists in a logico-linguistic work where formal models are used to produce prediction which are not confronted with the reality but serve for falsifying assertions which nevertheless seemed to be derived from the not formalized model. More exactly a first informal model is described in the natural language and, considered in the natural language, seems to say some thing but in a more or less clear way. Then we translate the informal model into a formal model (mathematical model or computer model) where what was argumentation becomes demonstration.The formal model so serves for raising ambiguities of the natural language. But conversely a too much formalized text quickly loses any sense for a human brain what makes necessary the return for a less formal language. It is these successive "translations" between more or less formal languages that I try to analyze on two examples, the first one in population dynamics, the second in mathematics. Dans le processus d’élaboration d’un modèle on insiste beaucoup sur la nécessité de confronter le modèle à la réalité qu’il est sensé représenter. Il est un autre aspect de la modélisation, à mon avis tout aussi essentiel, dont on ne parle pas. Il s’agit d’un travail logico-linguistique où des modèles formels sont utilisés pour produire des prédiction qui ne sont pas confrontées à la réalité mais servent à falsifier des affirmations qui semblaient pourtant se déduire du modèle. Plus précisément un premier modèle informel est décrit dans la langue naturelle et, toujours dans la langue naturelle, semble dire quelques chose mais de façon plus ou moins claire. Alors on traduit le modèle informel en un modèle formel (mathématique ou informatique) où ce qui était argumentation devient démonstration. Le modèle formel sert ainsi à lever des ambiguïtés de la langue naturelle. Mais inversement un texte trop formalisé perd rapidement tout sens pour un cerveau humain ce qui rend nécessaire le retour à une langue moins formelle. Ce sont ces “traductions" successives entre langues plus ou moins formelles que je cherche à analyser sur deux exemples, le premier en dynamique des populations, le second en mathématiques.
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Silva, Fábio Tenório, Franciolli da Silva Dantas Araújo, Amanda Alves Fecury, Euzébio Oliveira, Carla Viana Dendasck y Claudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos Dias. "Vue d’ensemble mondiale et nationale de l’étain entre 2010 et 2014". Revista Científica Multidisciplinar Núcleo do Conhecimento, 25 de septiembre de 2018, 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32749/nucleodoconhecimento.com.br/biologie/etain.
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La production brésilienne d’étain à l’échelle industrielle a commencé dans les années 1940 et s’est développée en 1950. Cependant, l’importance interne ne s’est produite qu’avec la découverte du gisement de cassitérite de Rondônia en 1950. Malgré cela, le Brésil ne faisait pas partie de l’International Tin Counciul (ITC), qui était l’accord de marché des pays majoritaires dans la production d’étain à l’époque, ce qui est devenu un obstacle à la valorisation de l’étain dans le commerce international. L’étain métallique est employé dans le revêtement pour des récipients en acier, dans la production du soudage pour des joints des pipes ou des circuits électriques, dans la céramique, dans la fabrication du verre, dans la production du laiton et dans sa forme secondaire, la ferraille, il est employé dans la production de l’étain. L’objectif de cet article est de montrer le panorama mondial et national de l’étain entre 2010 et 2014. Les données pour effectuer cet article ont été prises auprès du Département national de la production minérale – DNPM (http://www.dnpm.gov.br/). La recherche bibliographique a été effectuée dans des articles scientifiques trouvés dans le réseau informatique mondial. L’étain a connu une période relativement positive entre les années étudiées. Il a été constaté que la production mondiale d’étain avait peu de changements; considérant que l’Asie est le principal continent qui détient des réserves d’étain; que la production brésilienne d’étain métallique et contenu a augmenté au cours de la période analysée; que le Brésil exporte plus que les importations d’étain; que la consommation apparente variait, se rapprochant d’un niveau élevé; et que le prix de la tonne était très proche au cours des années étudiées. Les crises sur le marché international n’ont pas affecté si fortement la production qu’elles ont augmenté en raison des investissements dans l’extraction des matières premières.
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STOCKER, RACHEL, JAMES A. SHAW, MILES D. WITHAM, GUY TAYLOR y DANIEL J. WEST. "122-OR: What Are the Barriers and Facilitators of Resistance Training in Mildly Frail Older Adults with Insulin-Treated Diabetes? A Qualitative Analysis Using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behaviour (COM-B) Behavioural Science Model". Diabetes 72, Supplement_1 (20 de junio de 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db23-122-or.
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Background: Resistance exercise offers many benefits for those with frailty and sarcopenia and may carry less risk of exercise induced hypoglycaemia. However most older adults do not meet recommended levels of exercise. Little is known about why, especially for mildly frail older adults with insulin treated diabetes. Our aim was to investigate behavioural related influences to undertaking resistance exercise in this vulnerable group. Methods: A phenomenological qualitative study using semi structured interviews with mildly frail adults aged ≥60 with insulin-treated diabetes (Type 1 (n=12); Type 2 (n=3)) recruited via online advert, in the UK. Frailty was assessed using the Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale. Those with a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, severe hypertension or liver disease in the last 12 months were excluded. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis, then aligned to the COM-B. Results: Barriers to exercise centred on the physical capability, opportunity, and reflective motivation COM-B domains. Primary barriers included exacerbating existing fatigue or diabetes-related complications, exercise induced hypoglycaemia and injury, and inability to use resistance equipment. Most were unaware of the benefits of exercise on diabetes and muscle health. Many with a decades-long diagnosis were initially told that exercise was unsafe. Facilitators included an informative and flexible training environment, clarity on potential diabetes specific benefits, and having a supportive partner ideally also capable of exercise. Conclusion: Older, mildly frail adults with insulin-treated diabetes are a vulnerable group whose beliefs may prevent them from undertaking regular exercise. They may benefit from a specific programme of awareness raising and a tailored, flexible exercise environment. Disclosure R.Stocker: None. J.A.Shaw: Advisory Panel; Betalin Therapeutics, Provention Bio, Inc., Consultant; Mogrify. M.D.Witham: None. G.Taylor: None. D.J.West: None. Funding UK Wellcome Trust
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Riddell, Julie, Anne Cleary, Judith A. Dean, Paul Flowers, Emma Heard, Zeb Inch, Allyson Mutch, Lisa Fitzgerald y Lisa McDaid. "Social marketing and mass media interventions to increase sexually transmissible infections (STIs) testing among young people: social marketing and visual design component analysis". BMC Public Health 24, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-18095-8.
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Abstract Introduction Globally, sexually transmissible infections (STIs) continue to disproportionately affect young people. Regular STI testing is an important public health strategy but remains low among this age group. Raising awareness of testing is an essential step and requires effective interventions designed for young people. To inform the development of effective interventions that promote STI testing among young people, we conducted a systematic literature review to describe the social marketing and visual design components commonly found in STI testing interventions and explore associations of these components with intervention effectiveness. Methods We used a systemic review methodology to identify peer-reviewed articles that met pre-defined inclusion criteria. Social marketing and visual component analyses were conducted using structured data extraction tools and coding schemes, based on the eight key social marketing principles and 28 descriptive dimensions for visual analysis. Results 18 studies focusing on 13 separate interventions met the inclusion criteria. Most interventions used photograph-based images, using conventionally attractive actors, positioned centrally and making direct eye contact to engage the viewer. The majority of interventions featured text sparingly and drew on a range of tones (e.g. serious, humorous, positive, reassuring, empowering and informative) and three interventions used sexualised content. Four articles explicitly stated that the interventions was informed by social marketing principles, with two explicitly referencing all eight principles. Around half of the articles reported using a formal theoretical framework, but most were considered to have theoretical constructs implicit in interventions materials. Four articles provided detailed information regarding developmental consumer research or pre-testing. All articles suggested segmentation and development of materials specifically for young people. Explicit consideration of motivation and competition was lacking across all articles. This study found that there were some design elements common to interventions which were considered more effective. High social marketing complexity (where interventions met at least seven of the 11 criteria for complexity) seemed to be associated with more effective interventions. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the incorporation of social marketing principles, could be more important for intervention effectiveness than specific elements of visual design. Effective and systematic use of social marketing principles may help to inform future evidence-informed and theoretically based interventions and should be employed within sexual health improvement efforts.