Tesis sobre el tema "Rainfall"
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HELLIES, MATTEO. "Extreme rainfall regime characterization in Sardinia using daily rainfall data". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266863.
Texto completoWelles, Edwin. "Comparison of rainfall sampling schemes using a calibrated Stochastic Rainfall Generator". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0062_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.
Texto completoCramer, Sam. "New genetic programming methods for rainfall prediction and rainfall derivatives pricing". Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/69471/.
Texto completoLangousis, Andreas 1981. "Extreme rainfall intensities and long-term rainfall risk from tropical cyclones". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47737.
Texto completoIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 78-85).
We develop a methodology for the frequency of extreme rainfall intensities caused by tropical cyclones (TCs) in coastal areas. The mean rainfall field associated with a TC with maximum tangential wind speed Vmax, radius of maximum winds Rmax, and translation speed Vmax, is obtained using a physically-based model, whereas rainfall variability at both large scales (from storm to storm) and small scales (due to rainbands and local convection) is modeled statistically. The statistical component is estimated using precipitation radar (PR) data from the TRMM mission. Taylor's hypothesis is used to convert spatial rainfall intensity fluctuations to temporal fluctuations at a given location A. The combined physical-statistical model gives the distribution of the maximum rainfall intensity at A during a period of duration D for a TC with characteristics (Vmax, Rmax, Vt) that passes at a given distance from A. To illustrate the use of the model for long-term rainfall risk analysis, we formulate a recurrence model for tropical cyclones in the Gulf of Mexico that make landfall between longitudes 85°-95°W. We then use the rainfall and recurrence models to assess the rainfall risk for New Orleans. For return periods of 100 years or more and long averaging durations (D around 12-24 hours), tropical cyclones dominate over other rainfall event types, whereas the reverse is true for shorter return periods or shorter averaging durations.
by Andreas Langousis.
Ph.D.
Rudberg, Olov y Daniel Bezaatpour. "Regional Rainfall Frequency Analysis". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Statistiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-186813.
Texto completoPuvaneswaran, Manickam. "A study of rainfall fluctuations in the homogeneous rainfall regimes in Sri Lanka". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296059.
Texto completoZagrodnik, Joseph P. "Comparison and Validation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Rainfall Algorithms in Tropical Cyclones". FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/903.
Texto completoTo, Chun-hung. "Stochastic model of daily rainfall". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31976098.
Texto completoStein, Daniel. "Rainfall index insurance in India". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2011. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/167/.
Texto completoTo, Chun-hung y 杜振雄. "Stochastic model of daily rainfall". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976098.
Texto completoDiro, Gulilat Tefera. "Seasonal forecasting of Ethiopian rainfall". Thesis, University of Reading, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501507.
Texto completoDriver, Penny Meredith. "Rainfall variability over southern Africa". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12830.
Texto completoSouthern Africa is subject to high inter annual rainfall variability and the factors influencing southern African rainfall are not fully understood. The variability has been linked with various sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in each of the three major ocean basins as well as variability in the strength and position of regional atmospheric features. One of the atmospheric factors that may play a substantial role in southern African rainfall variability is the Botswana high, a high pressure cell which exists at the 500hPa level and is centred over central Namibia and western Botswana during austral summer. 20th Century reanalysis data is used to further investigate this feature and analysis reveals an association between the strength of the Botswana high and ENSO. Further analysis indicates that a connection between the Botswana high and rainfall over southern Africa not only exists during ENSO years, but is also apparent during neutral years that display ENSO-like characteristics in the Botswana high. This result may assist in producing better rainfall forecasts for non-ENSO years. The frequency of dry days over southern Africa during austral summer is investigated using GPCP observational data. Correlation analysis is generally in agreement with previous studies and showed that dry day frequency(DDF) over the Limpopo and North East Zambia regions is correlated with ENSO, while DDF over coastal northern Angola and central South Africa is correlated with SSTs in the Indian and Atlantic Oceans. The possible role played by DDF during JFM 1998 and JFM 2010 is investigated and results indicate that the distribution of DDF over southern Africa was notably different during these two seasons and may have contributed to the unexpected rainfall experienced over southern Africa.
Riverso, Carlo. "Calibration of rainfall-runoff models". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2619/.
Texto completoMongwa, Themba. "Rainfall intensity, kinetic energy and erosivity of individual rainfall events on the island of Mauritius". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/452.
Texto completoGilmore, William T. "Comparison of rainfall energy and soil erosion parameters from a rainfall simulator and natural rain". Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5101.
Texto completoThe entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 25, 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
Szyniszewska, Anna Maria. "Determining the daily rainfall characteristics from the monthly rainfall totals in central and northeastern Thailand". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0025162.
Texto completoVan, Cooten Suzanne. "Statistical Analysis of Seasonal Precipitation for the Lake Pontchartrain Basin and Associated Watersheds". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/154.
Texto completoEckersten, Sofia. "Updating Rainfall Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves in Sweden Accounting for the Observed Increase in Rainfall Extremes". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283714.
Texto completoÖkad extrem nederbörd har dokumenterats globalt, däribland centrala och norra Europa. Den globala uppvärmningen medför en förhöjd medeltemperatur vilket i sin tur ökar avdunstning av vatten från ytor samt atmosfärens förmåga att hålla vatten. Dessa förändringar tros kunna öka och intensifiera nederbörd. Vid bestämning av dimensionerande nederbördsintensiteter för byggnationsprojekt antas idag att frekvensen och storleken av extrem nederbörd inte kommer att förändras i framtiden (stationäritet), vilket i praktiken innebär ingen förändring i klimatet. Den här studien syftar till att undersöka effekten av en icke-stationärt antagande vid skattning av dimensionerande nederbördsintensitet. Icke-stationära och stationära nerderbördsintensiteter föråterkomsttider mellan 10 och 100år bestämdes utifrån daglig och flerdaglig svensk nederbörds- data. Nederbördintensiteterna bestämdes med extremvärdesanalys i mjukvaran NEVA, där den generella extremvärdesfördelningen anpassades till årlig maximum nederbörd på platser i Sverige som påvisade en ökande trend under de senaste 50åren (15% till 39 % utav 139 stationer, beroende på varaktighet). De dimensionerande nederbördsintensiteterna jämfördes sedan med avseende på varaktighet, återkomsttid och plats. Resultaten indikerade på att ett stationärt antagande riskerar att underskatta dimensionerande nederbördsintensiteter för en viss återkomsttid med upp till 40 %. Detta indikerar att antagandet om icke-stationäritet har större betydelse för olika platser i Sverige, vilket skulle kunna ge viktig information vid bestämning av dimensionerande regnintensiteter.
Hussain, Arshad. "Stochastic modeling of rainfall processes: a Markov chain - mixed exponential model for rainfalls in different climatic conditions". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18710.
Texto completoLa précipitation est souvent considérée comme la composante d'entrée principale pour les modèles de simulation de ruissellement. Toutefois, même si les donnés de précipitation sont disponibles, ces données ne contiennent qu'une quantité d'information limitée concernant la variabilité de précipitation dans le passé. La présente étude a alors pour objet d'élaborer un modèle stochastique de précipitation qui est capable de générer plusieurs séries synthétiques de précipitation ayant les mêmes propriétés statistiques et physiques que les données historiques. Le modèle MCME proposé dans cette étude consiste a une combinaison de la composante d'apparition de pluie (représentée par la chaîne de Markov) et la composante de répartition de quantité de précipitation (représentée par la loi exponentielle mixte). L'évaluation de la faisabilité et de la précision de ce modèle a été effectuée en utilisant les données de précipitations journalières disponibles en trois sites situés dans trois régions différentes du monde et en utilisant plusieurs méthodes de calibration par les techniques d'optimisation locale et globale. La faisabilité du modèle MCME a été également évaluée avec les données de précipitation horaire disponibles a l'aéroport de Dorval au Québec (Canada). En général on a trouvé que le modèle MCME est capable de décrire adéquatement diverses propriétés statistiques et physiques des processus de précipitations journalier et horaire considérés. En plus, une approche innovatrice a été suggérée pour combiner l'estimation des précipitations annuelles maximales par le modèles MCME avec celles fournies par la mise en échelle des modèles de circulation globale (GCM). On a trouvé que les modèles combinés sont capable du calculer les précipitations annuelles maximales qui sont comparables aux valeurs observées en un site donné. En particulier la connection entre le modèle MC
Wolf, Linden S. "Statistical forecasting of Florida monthly rainfall". Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-08242009-163026/.
Texto completoAdvisor: Jon E. Ahlquist, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Meteorology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on May 11, 2010). Document formatted into pages; contains x, 42 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
Abushandi, Eyad. "Rainfall-runoff modeling in arid areas". Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-68530.
Texto completoAsadian, Yeganeh. "Rainfall interception in an urban environment". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23517.
Texto completoNguyen, Tan Danh. "Regional estimation of extreme rainfall events". Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84300.
Texto completoFor gaged sites, two methods were developed for estimating the annual extreme (AE) rainfalls based on the simple scaling behaviour of the first three non-central moments (NCMs) of the AE rainfall processes and using the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution as the parent distribution. The first estimation method was called one-moment (OM) method since it only relied on the first-order NCM of AE rainfall series in the computation of the rainfall quantiles, while the second method was called three-moment (TM) procedure since it used all first three NCMs of AE rainfalls in the estimation of the quantiles.
For partially-gaged and ungaged sites, a new approach to defining rainfall homogeneous regions has been proposed based on the similarity of rainfall occurrences at different raingage stations. In addition, a Principal Component Analysis technique was used to assess the similarity of raingages and to delineate homogeneous regions.
On the basis of the proposed method for identifying rainfall homogeneous regions, two new methods (PG-1 and PG-2) were developed for estimating annual maximum (AM) rainfalls at partially gauged sites. These methods were also based on the scaling properties of AM rainfall series for different durations.
For ungaged sites, three methods (UG-1, UG-2, and NR) were proposed for estimating AM rainfalls. Method UG-1 was based on the NCMs of AM rainfalls at an ungaged site that were computed by direct interpolation of the corresponding NCM values from the gaged sites within the same homogeneous region. Method UG-2 used the pooled data set from all gaged sites in the homogeneous region for this computation. On the other hand, the NR method estimated the NCMs of AM rainfalls for an ungaged site using the regional regression between the first three NCMs and the number of rainfall occurrence (NR) values that were interpolated from the NR values of the gaged sites.
Finally, to assess the uncertainty of extreme rainfall estimates, two new methods (CI-1 and CI-2) were developed for computing the confidence limits (CLs) based on these estimated values. The proposed methods were based on the bootstrap technique and the scaling properties of the NCMs of extreme rainfall series.
Seed, Alan William. "Statistical problems in measuring convective rainfall". Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74251.
Texto completoPreece, David John. "Decadal rainfall variability over Southern Africa". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17232/.
Texto completoThompson, Robert John. "Rainfall estimation using polarimetric weather radar". Thesis, University of Reading, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.493986.
Texto completoSmith, Elizabeth. "Bayesian modelling of extreme rainfall data". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424142.
Texto completoKakou, Anastasia. "Point process based models for rainfall". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266073.
Texto completoChen, Yi-Ting Civ E. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Rainfall-induced Landslide Hazard Rating System". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66858.
Texto completoCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-138).
This research develops a Landslide Hazard Rating System for the rainfall-induced landslides in the Chenyulan River basin area in central Taiwan. This system is designed to provide a simplified and quick evaluation of the possibility of landslide occurrence, which can be used for planning and risk management. A systematic procedure to investigate the characterization of rainfall distribution in a regional area is developed in the first part of the thesis. Rainfall data for approximately one decade, 2002 to 2008, from 9 rainfall stations in the study area are included, in which a total of 46 typhoons are selected and categorized into 3 typhoon paths: the Northeastern, Northwestern, and Western. The rainfall distribution affected by typhoon paths in a region is thereby determined. The second part of the thesis is the Landslide Hazard Rating System, which integrates different hazard factors: bedrock geology, aspect, and slope gradients. This analysis is based on the specific characterization of the study area, which consists of the relative topographic relief (aspect and slope gradients) and variable bedrock geology. The method of normalized difference is used for examining the relationship of the topographic features to landslide occurrence. Although this study is conducted in a specific area, this landslide hazard rating system can be applied to other locations. Finally, a concept of a rainfall-induced landslide analytical system is proposed to combine the rainfall distribution analysis and the landslide hazard rating system. This analytical system is intended to include and address the relationship of rainfall and landslide occurrence by combining characterizations of rainfall, topography, and landslide potential. Additionally, this study recommends that, in future work, theoretical models of rainfall distribution and laboratory tests of soil and rock samples be included. Together, these will constitute a basis for the prediction of landslide occurrence. The ultimate goal of future work should be the development of a system for assessing and forecasting rainfall-induced landslide risks, which can become the foundation for a comprehensive risk management system for use in planning.
by Yi-Ting Chen.
S.M.
Wright, Winfield G. "Modeling karst aquifer response to rainfall". Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76043.
Texto completoMaster of Engineering
Tierney, Jessica E., Francesco S. R. Pausata y Peter B. deMenocal. "Rainfall regimes of the Green Sahara". AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622881.
Texto completoAl-Qurashi, Aisha Mufti Al-Sayyid Hassan. "Rainfall-runoff modelling in arid areas". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8860.
Texto completoFarr, C. "Earlier Timing Can Reduce Rainfall Losses". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204836.
Texto completoGill, Tarun Deep. "Transformation of point rainfall to areal rainfall by estimating areal reduction factors, using radar data, for Texas". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/2420.
Texto completoGreatrex, Helen. "The application of seasonal rainfall forecasts and satellite rainfall estimates to seasonal crop yield forcasting for Africa". Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578012.
Texto completo顏遠騰. "Hourly rainfall generator for short-duration rainfall event". Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/15462135585509079882.
Texto completoChen, Chia-Jung y 陳嘉榮. "A Study on Regional Rainfall Analysis and Rainfall-Runoff Forecasting". Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/53250698604048877126.
Texto completo國立成功大學
水利及海洋工程學系
88
This thesis aims to study hydrological design and hydrological forecasting, which are important subjects in water resource engineering. Three parts including regional IDF analysis, rainfall and runoff forecasting are respectively investigated. The results of both hydrological design and forecast in this study are expected to predict the risk of hydraulic structure during typhoon period. The first part of this thesis attempts to develop the regional IDF analysis for ungauged site, which is common problem in hydrological design. Rainfall records from 38 stations in Northern Taiwan provide the data set to develop regional rainfall intensity formula using regional analysis method. This work classifies the Northern Taiwan into three homogeneous regions, which can respond the characteristic of climate and topography on each region. The dimensionless rainfall intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curves are then established in each homogeneous region. The parameters of dimensionless IDF curve can be regionalizied to generate the regional rainfall intensity-duration-frequency formula, which can reasonably simulate the IDF relationship at ungauged site from the results of calibration and verification. The uncertainty analysis of regional IDF formulae are further investigated based on the method of mean first order second moment (MFOSM). This work reveals that the IDF relationship estimated by using the distribution of extreme value type I can be located into the 95% confidence intervals of uncertainty analysis of regional IDF formula. In the hydrological forecasting, the main purpose of the second part is to study rainfall forecasting during the typhoon period, including a long-term (24 hours ahead) and a short-term (3 hours ahead) rainfall forecast models separately. The long-term forecasting model attempts to forecast 24 hours rainfall hyetograph for a typhoon based on optimal 24 hours rainfall pattern decision and 24 hours rainfall depth prediction. Optimal rainfall pattern for a typhoon is decided based on both typhoon characteristics and historical databases of various rainfall patterns. The databases for four rainfall patterns of Huff are first generated from historical rainfall storm of typhoon events by using fuzzy classification method. The typhoon characteristics including central pressure, central velocity, cyclonic radius and moving path are chosen as variables to decide optimal rainfall pattern for a typhoon approaching to Taiwan by using fuzzy multi-object decision method. 24 hours rainfall depth is further statistically and dynamically predicted by using typhoon characteristic including typhoon path (central position, moving direction) , central pressure, central velocity and cyclonic radius as decision-making variables. The calibration results conclude that the proposed model can reasonably forecast 24 hours rainfall hyetograph for a typhoon event. Regarding to the short-term rainfall forecast model, 3 hours ahead rainfall is forecasted based on both grey system theory and one-time step forecasting technique. The model parameters are calibrated by using fuzzy goal regression. A grey rainfall-runoff model is developed in the third part of this thesis. The model can provide 1~4 hours ahead runoff forecasting in union with rainfall forecasting model developed in the second part. An error prediction model proposed in this study is found to be useful for updating the forecasting results.
Chen, Bo-Yu y 陳柏宇. "Rainfall Frequency Analysis Using Mixture Distribution of Event-Maximum Rainfall Series". Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n5dytw.
Texto completo國立臺灣大學
統計碩士學位學程
107
The Annual Maximum Series (AMS) method is a conventional way of conducting rainfall frequency analysis, which plays a crucial role in hydrology engineering in terms of hydrological risk assessment. Given any design duration, the method retrieves only the maximum rainfall within a year and approximate the Annual Maximum Rainfall (AMR) distribution by the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution according to the Extremal Types Theorem. However, the GEV approximation is inappropriate since AMS is prone to have insufficient sample size and does not take storm events and storm types into account. To overcome the above problems, the Event Maximum Series (EMS) method is proposed. The EMS method classifies storm events in Taiwan into Typhoon, Meiyu, frontal rain and convective storm. The AMR distribution of a given storm type can be derived from the corresponded event occurrence distribution and event rainfall distribution, and the AMR distribution of all events is a mixture distribution of different types of AMR distribution. As a result, the EMS method provides a more suitable and effective design-rainfall than the traditional approach. The EMS method outperforms the AMS approach in many ways. In Monte Carlo simulation, the EMS method is superior to AMS method in terms of the bias and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). Three stations in Taiwan are selected for frequency analysis and peak flow analysis, the results show that EMS method can avoid overestimation, capture larger peak flow events and is less affected by outliers. Finally, simulation and real data analyses of confidence interval (CI) through bootstrap method are performed. Although CI of both method does not achieve the theoretical coverage rate, the coverage rate of EMS method is more stable in different return period.
"Changes in rainfall characteristics and reflectivity-rainfall rate relationships in Hong Kong". 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894868.
Texto completo"August 2011."
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-66).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
List of figures --- p.vi
List of tables --- p.ix
Chapter Chapter 1: --- Background --- p.1
Chapter Chapter 2: --- Changes in Rainfall Characteristics in Hong Kong --- p.3
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.3
Chapter 2.2 --- Data --- p.5
Chapter 2.3 --- Method --- p.6
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Linear Regression Analysis --- p.8
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Empirical Mode Decomposition --- p.9
Chapter 2.4 --- Result --- p.12
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Rainfall Rate Categories --- p.12
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Rainfall Events Statistics --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.3 --- Diurnal Variation --- p.26
Chapter 2.4.4 --- Rainfall Rate Distribution --- p.30
Chapter Chapter 3: --- Reflectivity-rainfall Rate Relationships in Hong Kong --- p.33
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.33
Chapter 3.2 --- Data --- p.35
Chapter 3.3 --- Method --- p.37
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Linear Regression Analysis --- p.37
Chapter 3.4 --- Result --- p.38
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Comparison of Rainfall Rate from Various Sources --- p.39
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Raindrop Size Distributions under Various Classification Schemes --- p.42
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Z-R Relationships Derived from Various Sources --- p.48
Chapter Chapter 4: --- Conclusion --- p.58
Bibliography --- p.62
Mkhize, Nhlakanipho. "Quantifying monthly areal rainfall uncertainty using a data-based stochastic rainfall generator". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/17552.
Texto completoChu, Chun-Kuang y 屈峻廣. "Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall and Rainfall Erosivity in Southern Taiwan". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cj5655.
Texto completo國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系所
102
In recently years, trend of the rainfall characteristics have gradually changed due to extremely heavy rainfall event in the world. Rainfall is the major cause of soil erosion dynamic factor. Rainfall erosivity is a numerical description of the potential of rainfall to erode soil and is one of the key input parameter for USLE modeling. The purpose of the present study is estimating the rainfall erosivity based on event, monthly, seasonal, dry and wet seasonal and annual precipitation data, respectively. Temporal and spatial variations of rainfall and rainfall erosivity are investigated using a dataset monitored by 76 rainfall stations (from 1993 to 2012) in southern Taiwan. There are 70% of all rainfall erosivity stations that the individual maximum rainfall amount and kinetic energy erosivity occurred during typhoon Morakot, 2009. We found that the rainfall and the rainfall erosivity have a strong positive relationship (R2> 0.7). The maximum annual rainfall erosivity varied from 31,062 to 144,248 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr. Most of the average monthly rainfall and rainfall erosivity happened from May to October (above 90% of the yearly ones). The average maximum monthly rainfall was 566 mm on the June or August, and the average maximum monthly rainfall erosivity is 9,386 MJ-mm/ha-hr on the August. Most of the seasonal rainfall and rainfall erosivity happened in summer or fall (more than 90% of the yearly ones). More than 90% of the yearly rainfall and rainfall erosivity happened in the wet seasonal. The average yearly rainfall and rainfall erosivity are 2,243 mm and 32,080 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr, respectively. The rainfall erosivity values in southern Taiwan are higher than other world’s ones. It shows that there is a serious rainfall erosion problem in the study area. Result of temporal variation shows that the average monthly, seasonal and yearly rainfall and rainfall erosivity increase year by year. The spatial analysis shows the average yearly rainfall and rainfall erosivity increase from western region to eastern region and from plain to mountain region. The relationship of average yearly rainfall, rainfall erosivity and elevation show that the average yearly rainfall amount and rainfall erosivity abruptly increase as the elevation (< 1,000 m) increase, but they decrease as the elevation (> 1,000 m) increase.
SIE, JIA-SHEN y 謝佳燊. "Development and application of hourly rainfall generator for short-duration rainfall event". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m7t7a8.
Texto completo逢甲大學
水利工程與資源保育學系
105
Rainfall generators are usually developed to generate daily rainfall data that are not well suited for studies of severe rainfall-induced disasters. This study developed an hourly rainfall generator for generating short-duration rainfall events. Hourly rainfall data from three meteorological stations in Taiwan were used as the case study. Statistical analysis was preformed to obtain the parameters of the short-duration rainfall events, and those parameters were used by the generator to reproduce hourly rainfall data. Comparative results indicate that the proposed hourly rainfall generator can reproduce rainfall data with similar values of the average and standard deviation. In addition, this study used the hourly rainfall generator to generate short-duration rainfall events under the scenario of increased urban temperature in Taichung, with the established statistical relationship between the increased urban temperature and the change rate of rainfall parameters in Taichung. Scenario data indicate an increased amount and diversity of short-duration rainfall events in the wet season.
Wei-Ze, Liou y 劉維則. "Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall and Rainfall Erosivity in Eastern Taiwan". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28389074657954001090.
Texto completo國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系所
102
In recently years, frequency of high intensity rainfall, long rainfall duration and heavy rainfall are found to increase in Taiwan (Chen, 2008). Rainfall erosivity index R is a key input parameter to the USLE. R describes the soil loss potential caused by precipitation, which can be understood to change in correspondence to changes in extreme rainfall events. R is calculated from the total kinetic energy and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of a storm. Therefore, a lack of short duration rainfall intensity data in some countries makes applying the rainfall erosivity index more difficult. For those areas without the data and resources required to calculate rainfall erosivity index, an alternative approach has typically been used to estimate rainfall erosivity index. The purpose of the present study is estimating the rainfall erosivity based on event, monthly, seasonal, dry and wet seasonal and annual precipitation data, respectively. Temporal and spatial of rainfall and rainfall erosivity variations are investigated using 19,106 effective rainfall events by 51 rainfall stations of the Central Weather Bureau (from 1993 to 2012) in eastern Taiwan (Yilan, Hualien, Taitung). The result shows that maximum annual rainfall erosivity varied from 12,217 to 173,529 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr. Rainfall and rainfall erosivity have a strong positive relationship. Temporal variation of rainfall erosivity shows that the average monthly, seasonal and yearly rainfall and rainfall erosivity increase year by year. The spatial analysis shows average annual rainfall erosivity increases from plain to mountain region, and from southern to northern (from Taitung to Yilan). Average annual rainfall erosivity is highly related with the latitude. In addition, rainfall erosivity index is affected by the typhoon and the northeast monsoon in eastern Taiwan.
Wang, Chieh-Yu y 王婕妤. "Regional Changing Patterns of Total Rainfall, Extreme Rainfall and Drought in Taiwan". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/92160467427782734086.
Texto completo國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
100
In the recent years, the rainfall intensity rises sharply in Taiwan due to global climate variations, and it may result in the situations such as increased flooding and droughts, the reservoir storage volume is insufficient, and it causes the management and the distribution of water resources more and more difficult in the future. This study discussed the influence of floods and drought under climate change, and analyzed rainfall by the Mann-Kendall method for the trends in year 1961-1990 and that in 1991-2010. First, this study analyzed 50 years long-term rainfall data to discuss the change of trend, and to calculate the total rainfall and the rainfall patterns in spatial. Second, this study analyzed the return period of the single day maximum rainfall and the maximum continuance days without rainfall by frequency analysis in year 1961-1990 and 1991-2010. Last, this study discussed the effect of the extreme rainfall and the drought under climate change in Taiwan. According to the analysis result of Mann-Kendall method, there was an obvious trend appeared in the alternate drying and wetting month. The average annual rainfall showed an increasing trend in both central and southern Taiwan. Analyzing average annual rainfall and average amount of water by the Kriging method, the rainfall patterns had changed in spatial in northern Taiwan. The average annual rainfall decreased between the elevation of 200 meter above sea and that of 1000 meter above sea, and the average annual rainfall increased for the elevation above 1000 meter. In central and southern Taiwan, the average annual rainfall increased for region above the elevation of reservoir sites. In addition, the frequency analysis result showed that the rainfall intensity increased sharply in the central and south area under climate change. Extreme rainfall had changed the return period, i.e., more sever rainfall is expected in 1991-2010 than that in 1961-1990. In Central and Southern Taiwan, the range of small-scale and large-scale drought would spread gradually to inland in 1991-2010. During this period, the probability of large-scale drought occurring is 0.02 in the central and south area along the coast, while the probability is less than 0.01 in Northern Taiwan.
Chen, Chih-Hao y 陳志豪. "Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall and Rainfall Erosivity in Central Taiwan". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d8hj6p.
Texto completo國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系所
105
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (abbreviated as USLE) is presently one of the most widely used models to evaluate soil erosion. Along with the impact by climate change, it is not certain that the rainfall erosivity index can reflect the variations at present and in the future. Rainfall erosivity index (R30) shows the potential ability of the soil loss caused by precipitation and runoff for predicting soil loss from agricultural hillslopes. Wischmeier and Smith (1958) defined R30 as the average of the annual summations of storm EI30 values, excluding storms with a total rainfall depth of less than 12.7 mm. The E portion of this value represents the rainfall energy, and the I30 portion represents the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity during the storm. In this study, central Taiwan was used as the research site. By using 10-min rainfall data of 105 precipitation stations of the period between 2002 and 2015, we conducted regression analysis and temporal-spatial variations to discuss the relationship between monthly, seasonal, and annual precipitation and the rainfall erosivity index of the study area. A geographic information system was employed to plot the average annual precipitation and rainfall erosivity index isogram of central Taiwan. The result shows that the regression formulas between precipitation and rainfall erosivity index based on 49,583 effective rainfall events from 2002 to 2015 have highly correlations. The values of average monthly precipitation and rainfall erosivity index approached to 85% of the year from May to October. The maximum of average monthly rainfall and rainfall erosivity index were 455 mm in August and 6,243 MJ-mm/ha-hr in July, respectively. The average seasonal precipitation and rainfall erosivity index concentrated on summer and autumn. The average annual precipitation and rainfall erosivity index ranged between 756 to 4,552 mm and 5,679 to 82,445 MJ-mm/ha-hr-yr, respectively. In comparison with other tropical countries, the study area is a severe soil-loss region of the world. The temporal and spatial variations of precipitation and rainfall erosivity index are also analysis in this study. The results show that the temporal variations of annual precipitation and rainfall erosivity have been trending up from 1993 to 2015. The spatial variations of precipitation and rainfall erosivity index are increasing from plain to mountain area.
Liao, Yi-Wen y 廖怡雯. "Estimation of Rainfall Erosivity Index Using Hourly Rainfall Data in Northern Taiwan". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ev3f3r.
Texto completo國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系所
106
In recent years, due to the improper development of slopeland, the soil erosion is increasingly serious. In order to effectively use water and soil resources perpetually, assessment of soil erosion is an important issue. The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is presently one of the most widely models to evaluate soil erosion. The Rainfall erosivity index (R30) in the USLE is calculated from the total kinetic energy and the maximum 30-min rainfall intensity of a storm. R30 values are calculated from rainfall information obtained from continuous recording. However, detailed chart-recorded rainfall data are not readily available, whereas hourly rainfall is available in many places. This study sets up in a simple method for estimating the rainfall erosivity index (R30) by using the value of R60 calculated from the rainfall kinetic energy (E60) and maximum intensity (I60max) measured at multiple rainfall stations. The data set consists of 29,659 storm events monitored by 61 rainfall stations located in northern Taiwan. It is shown that the average conversion factors (αE, αI, αRj and αRy) of the rainfall kinetic energy (E), the rainfall intensity (I), the rainfall erosivity index (Rj) and annual rainfall erosivity index (Ry) (i.e., the ratios of the 10-min to 60-min interval values of the corresponding factors) are respectively 1.057, 1.504, 1.350 and 1.497. The variations of average conversion factors (αE, αI, αRj and αRy) have a slight decrease with elevation. This study suggests that if the selections of rainfall stations have similar rainfall characteristics and locate around adjacent areas, the variation trend between average conversion factors and elevation may be more noticeably.
Ling-Chia, Chang y 張凌嘉. "Study of Rainfall Option". Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78774715662606924469.
Texto completo東吳大學
國際經營與貿易學系
101
In recent years, global climate anomalies began to appear in many parts of the world also caused extreme climate. Taiwan is surrounded by sea, which affected by the weather is very wide. In this study, we use the rainfall factor as explored. In real options perspective, through simulated rainfall amounts converted to become the budget so that rainfall is becoming a real asset and the government as the purchaser. In order to build a climate of rainfall as a factor of derivatives - options rainfall, heavy rain caused agricultural risk aversion, available to policy makers a reference. In this study, distribution of rainfall in Taiwan is divided into northern, central, southern and eastern four blocks. According to recent literature approaches used to estimate rainfall distribution - Gamma distribution and Weibull distribution combined with historical rainfall provided by Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau. It will both be fit and to elect suitable rainfall distribution in each region. After estimated parameters and calculate the value of European call for the preparation of the government budget.
Rosenberg, Kathrine Joan. "Stochastic modelling of rainfall and generation of synthetic rainfall data at Mawson Lakes". 2004. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/24949.
Texto completothesis (PhDMathematics)--University of South Australia, 2004.
Chang, Chan-Hua y 張展華. "Characteristics of Annual rainfall and Maximum one day rainfall in Kao-Ping Area". Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58162691719786829098.
Texto completo國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系
91
Five frequency analysis methods were used in this study for the Maximum one day rainfall and annual from the data issued by Central Weather Bureau(CWB) of weather observation station in December, 2000(5th edition) and data in annual book about 188 weather observation stations of CWB in Kaohsiung and Pingtung. As the results of analysis shown, it is suggested to use Pearson type Ⅲ method for predicting frequency analysis of annual rainfall in Kaohsiung City, Kaohsiung County, Pingtung County, and the whole region of Kaohsiung and Pingtung; for the Maximum one day rainfall,Log Natural Distribution for predicting frequency analysis is suggested to use in Kaohsiung City, Log Pearson type Ⅲ method in Kaohsiung County, Pingtung County, and the whole region of Kaohsiung and Pingtung. Based on the distributions from applicable theories, the most applicable theory for each station was found. Then, use the hydrological frequency analysis to estimate the hydrological parameters of 5-yr, 20-yr, 25-yr, 50-yr and 100-yr, and draw the rainfall contour map accordingly for the reference for different requirements. The rainfall contour map shows that the rainfall increases as the elevation increases, but it is hard to estimate the increase rate. By taking each village, town, city and district as the regional units, the frequency regression equations, R squares and standard deviations were obtained, which can provide the relevant engineers an easy way to obtain the hydrological parameters for the reference of construction design. As for the relationship of rainfalls and elevations of station, it can be found from the results of this study that the more the year number of record, the closer the relationship between the average annual rainfall and the maximum one day rainfall. Therefore, as the year number of record increases, the reliability of the hydrological frequency analysis increases. However, the average annual rainfall and the maximum one day rainfall increase as the elevation of the stations increases, but there is no fixed increase trend. The average annual rainfall and maximum one day rainfall have no conspicuous relationship with the elevations of the stations. Especially, the relationship of the maximum one day rainfall and the elevation is worse.
Chuang, Chun-Wan y 莊純宛. "Temporal and Spatial Variations of Rainfall Amounts and Rainfall Erosivity in Northern Taiwan". Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/yu2p9b.
Texto completo國立屏東科技大學
水土保持系所
105
The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) is presently one of the most widely used models to evaluate soil erosion. The present study proposes four regression models for estimating the erosivity factor based on event, monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation data, respectively. The data set consisted of 29864 storm events for the period 1993 to 2015, monitored by 61 rainfall stations of the Central Weather Bureau (CWB) in Northern Taiwan, was used to analyze the temporal-spatial variations of rainfall erosivity. The result shows that the maximum annual rainfall erosivity varied from 18,434 to 216,507 MJ-mm ha-1 hr-1 yr-1. The average of monthly rainfall (Pm) and monthly rainfall erosivity (Rm) concentrated in May to November, most of the seasonal rainfall (Ps) and the seasonal rainfall erosivity (Rs) happened in wet season. The average of yearly rainfall (Py) is 2,333 mm and the yearly rainfall erosivity (Ry) is 20,493 MJ mm ha-1hr-1yr-1. There is an obvious rainfall erosion problem in the area due to the rainfall concentration. Most of the temporal variations for rainfall and rainfall erosivity based on average monthly, seasonal and annual precipitation data increased year by year. The spatial variations of precipitation and rainfall erosivity index have increasing trends from plain to mountain area. The variations of rainfall erosivity index between this study and Huang’s (1979) were discussed. It was found that the average annual rainfall erosivity index had an increasing trend over the past few decades.