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1
Panov, A. I. "THE MONOGRAPH ABOUT TRANSPORT TRADE UNIONS". World of Transport and Transportation 15, n.º 1 (28 de febrero de 2017): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-1-27.
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[For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].REVIEW OF THE BOOK: Zubkov, S. A., Krainov, G.N. Transport unions as part of the international trade union movement. Monograph. Moscow, INFRA-M publ., 2017, 297 p. ABSTRACT The book, published in the series «Scientific Thought», is devoted to the study of transport unions as components of the international trade union movement. The authors draw attention to the history, current state and problems of the international trade union movement, t h e processes of globalization, cooperation and coordination of the actions of international transport unions. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the trade union movement in rail transport, the participation of the Russian trade union of railway workers and transport builders in the international trade union movement. Keywords: trade union, transport unions, international trade union movement, International Confederation of Trade Unions (ITUC), World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), International Workers’ Association (IWA), Global Federation of Trade Unions (GUF), International Transport Workers’ Federation (ITWF), International Committee of Transport Workers’ Propaganda (ICTWP), Profintern, International Confederation of Trade Unions of Railway Workers and Transport Builders (ICRW), Russian Union of Railway Workers and Transport Builders (ROSPROFZHEL).
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Shiels, Robert. "Duty, Debt and Picket Lines: the Queensland Railway Department during the First World War". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum - Culture 11 (2020): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17082/j.2205-3239.11.1.2020.2020-04.
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The Queensland Railway Department, also known as the Queensland Government Railways or QGR, was one of the state’s largest civil contributors to Queensland’s war effort. The department’s resources would be utilised by both the Queensland and Commonwealth Governments to meet the demands of enlistment quotas, armaments production and moving military personnel and equipment across the state. Throughout the war years QGR would be impacted by falling revenues due to the state’s expectation of network expansion, skyrocketing prices for essential goods, Royal Commissions and the strengthening of trade unions. The Railway Department’s experience of war was challenging in that so much of their operation and business assets became an integral part to the nation’s war effort virtually overnight. On an individual level, one sixth of the department’s workforce enlisted to fight in the war and although at times different groups within the railways were working towards different agendas, the department as a whole came together to support their railway brothers through extensive fundraising initiatives such as the Railway Patriotic Fund.
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van Criekinge, Jan. "Historisch Overzicht van de Spoorwegen in West-Afrika". Afrika Focus 5, n.º 3-4 (15 de enero de 1989): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0050304003.
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Historical Survey of the Railway Development in West Africa The present day railway system in West Africa is the result of the transport-policy developed by the colonial powers (France, Great Britain and Germany) at the end of the 19th century. It is remarkable that no network of railways, like in Southern Africa, was brought about. The colonial railways in West Africa were built by the State or by a joint-stock company within the borders of one colony to export the raw materials from the production centres to the harbours. Nevertheless railways were built for more than economical grounds only, in West Africa they had to accomplish a strategic and military role by “opening Africa for the European civilization”. Hargreaves calls railways the “heralds of new imperialism” and Baumgart speaks of the own dynamics of the railways, to push the European colonial powers further into Africa ... The construction of a railway needed a very high capital investment and the European capitalists wouldn’t like to take risks in areas that were not yet “pacified”. It is remarkable how many projects to build a Transcontinental railway right across the Sahara desert largely remained on paper. Precisely because such plans did not materialize, however, the motive force they provided to such imperialist actions as political-territorial annexations can be traced all the more clearly. The French built the first railway in West Africa, the Dakar - St-Louis line (Senegal), between 1879 and 1885. This line stimulated the production of ground-nuts, although the French colonial-military lobby has had other motives. The real motivation became very clear at the construction of the Kayes-Bamako railway. Great difficulties needed the military occupation of the region and the violent recruitment of thousands of black labourers, all over the region. The same problems transformed the building of the Kayes-Dakar line into a real hell. Afterwards the Siné Saloum region has been through a “agricultural revolution”, when the local ground-nuts-producers have been able to produce for foreign markets. The first British railways were built in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast-colony (Ghana). Jn Nigeria railway construction stimulated the growth of Lagos as an harbour and administrative centre. Lugard had plans for the unification of Nigeria by railways. The old Hausa town of Kano flourished after the opening of the Northern Railway, for other towns a period of decline had begun. Harbour cities and interior railwayheads caused an influx of population from periphery regions, the phenomenon is called “port concentration”. Also the imperial Germany built a few railwaylines in their former colony Togo, to avoid the traffic flow off to the British railways. ifs quite remarkable that the harbours at the Gulf of Guinea-coast developed much later than the harbours of Senegal and Sierra Leone. After the First World War only a few new railways were constructed, the revenues remained very low, so the (colonial) state had to take over many lines. The competition between railways and roadtransport demonstrated the first time in Nigeria, it was the beginning of the decline of railways as the most important transportsystems in West Africa. Only multinational companies built specific railways for the export of minerals (iron, ore and bauxite) after the Second World War, and the French completed the Abidjan - Ouagadougou railway (1956). The consequences of railway construction in West Africa on economic, demographic and social sphere were not so far-reaching as in Southern Africa, but the labour migration and the first labour unions of railwaymen who organized strikes in Senegal and the Ivory Coast mentioned the changing social situation. The bibliography of the West African railways contains very useful studies about the financial policy of the railway companies and the governments, but only a few railways were already studied by economic historians.
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Hoffmann, Jürgen y Rudi Schmidt. "Der Streik der Lokführer-Gewerkschaft GDL". PROKLA. Zeitschrift für kritische Sozialwissenschaft 38, n.º 151 (1 de junio de 2008): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32387/prokla.v38i151.477.
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The authors give an outline of the strike in 2007/08 of the oldest German union, the profeSSIOnal umon of the locomotive drivers GDL. By doing this they analyse the outcome of the strike and the dynamics of the relationship between that professional union GDL, the industrial union transnet and the German Railway Ltd. (DB AG) as pardigmatic for politics of a particularistic organisation (GDL) and politics of an encompassing organisation (transnet). And they put the question whether the upcoming of professional unions in Germany would lead to an erosion of the German system of industrial relations in the future.
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Zubkov, S. A. y G. N. Krainov. "Social Dialogue on European Railways: Search for a Balance". World of Transport and Transportation 14, n.º 4 (28 de agosto de 2016): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2016-14-4-25.
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The reform of the railways in the EU was followed by strengthening of the position of the industry in the transport market, and at the same time by the necessary support rendered to rail companies that perform important social functions. In this context, the authors distinguish the activities of the committee for social dialogue in the railway transport, which, in cooperation with the European Commission carries out projects and prepares decisions designed to protect the interests of staff, labor rights of wage earners, and simultaneously preserves the opportunity for mutually beneficial cooperation between trade unions, businesses and governments.
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Cordery, Simon. "Mutualism, Friendly Societies, and the Genesis of Railway Trade Unions". Labour History Review 67, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2002): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/lhr.67.3.263.
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Ferner, Anthony. "Public Enterprise and the Politics of `Commercialism': Changing Industrial Relations in British and Spanish Railways". Work, Employment and Society 1, n.º 2 (junio de 1987): 179–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017087001002003.
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This article makes use of case studies of British and Spanish railways to examine changing patterns of industrial relations in the public enterprise sector. It looks at how political objectives are characteristically `transmitted' from the state to the public enterprise. Transmission mechanisms include formal rules and direct intervention, as well as political bargaining and `exchange' involving political authorities, enterprise management and, at times, the unions. A typical feature is the pressure towards symbolic courses of action. The article argues that this process influences the way in which industrial relations have responded to recent pressures for greater commercialism in public enterprises, and explores the reasons for the differences in the response of the two railway companies.
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Tuck, J. H. "Canadian Railways and Unions in the Running Trade, 1865-1914". Relations industrielles 36, n.º 1 (12 de abril de 2005): 106–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/029128ar.
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This paper examines the history in Canada of the international unions for train and engine crews, from their entry into Canada until World War One. During this period, patterns of unionization and labour-management relations in this important sector of the Canadian railway industry were established which have persisted in large measure to the present.
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Gosselin, Émile. "Technology Puts Out the Firemen". Commentaires 13, n.º 3 (11 de febrero de 2014): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1022427ar.
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Summary The following text analyzes the dispute which culminated in a strike involving the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen and the Canadian Pacific Railway. It deals with the complex problems of technological change in a continent-wide economic setting, and suggests structural modifications of the unions concerned in order to adequately cope with them.
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Hj.Ahmad, Mahadirin y Kee Y. Sabariah Kee Mohd Yussof. "Collective Action in Employment Relationships: An Analysis of Cooperative Culture". Politics and Humanism 1, n.º 2 (26 de diciembre de 2022): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/jph.v1i2.23711.
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Collective action is one of the important elements in an employment relationship. The main feature of the action is that it involves cooperation between various community groups to achieve an objective. Among the main actions are collective bargaining and enterprise actions such as strikes and pickets. The element of cooperation shown by employees and employers is a form of exchange of spirit and resembles the culture of mutual cooperation among people in Southeast Asia. Based on these objectives, analysis will be done on the strike launched by the Utusan Malaysia trade union, picketing by the Malayan Railway Workers' Union (RUM) and Collective Bargaining by the Sabah Bank Workers' Union (SBEU). The results of the study show that there is a practice of mutual cooperation in collective actions carried out by workers, especially in increasing solidarity among members. In relation to that, the values of cohesion and unity can be increased which in turn has an impact on the survival of trade unions
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Roediger, David. "What if Labor Were Not White and Male? Recentering Working-Class History and Reconstructing Debate on the Unions and Race". International Labor and Working-Class History 51 (abril de 1997): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790000199x.
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During World War Two Alexander Saxton, the great historian of race and class, was a young activist working in the railroad industry. In a lengthy article for theDaily Workerhe caught the complexity of racial discrimination among railway unions. The brotherhoods which organized railroad labor inculded several unions which had historically established the worst records of attempting to enforce what one commentator called the “Nordic closed shop” in their crafts. By the time Saxton wrote, however, the railwayunions had joined in campaigns against the poll tax and against lynching. What they avoided was agitation against “alleged” racism in their own workplaces. When the Fair Employment Practices Committee canceled hearings inquiring into discrimination in railroad employment, the unions rejoiced. Their newspaper observed that in any case such hearings would be illegitimate if African Americans joined in the deliberations. “Thereshould be on the Committee,” according to Labor, “no representative of any race or special interest.” Saxton added, “Apparently white men belongto no race.”
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Cleon, Louis-Marie y Guido Lauriks. "Evaluation of Passenger Comfort in Railway Vehicles". Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 15, n.º 2 (junio de 1996): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239601500201.
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The evaluation of passenger comfort in railway vehicles is very important in railcar development. This article describes the experimental approach undertaken by the International Union of Railways to establish a method for the evaluation of passenger comfort in railway vehicles which has been validated on 800 ordinary passengers.
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Curless, Gareth. "The Sudan is ‘Not Yet Ready for Trade Unions’: The Railway Strikes of 1947–1948". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 41, n.º 5 (diciembre de 2013): 804–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2013.790226.
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Sehgal, P. C. y Teki Surayya. "Innovative Strategic Management: The Case of Mumbai Suburban Railway System". Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 36, n.º 1 (enero de 2011): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920110105.
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Business organizations today have to survive and grow in a turbulent and volatile business environment. Continuous metamorphosis in technology, competition, inconsistent government policies, group dynamics of employees and militant unions, rational customers and their forums have been constantly reminding them to be more vigilant. Generation and rendering of services is often more vulnerable as services are perishable and dynamic. The strategic management of any service sector must be innovative and sustainable. Efficient urban transport systems are critical elements of the sustainable development of urban areas. This paper presents the innovative strategic management system of Mumbai Railway Vikas Corporation (MRVC) in addressing the Mumbai suburban public transport problems. An incredible 88 per cent of all travel in Mumbai is by bus and rail; this illustrates the popularity and necessity of having an effective and efficient public transport system, particularly the railways. The paper outlines a case study of US $2.5 billion expansion and improvement of the Suburban Railway Network, as a part of the multi-modal Mumbai Urban Transport Project (MUTP). Increase in suburban trains in Mumbai has not kept pace with the passenger demand and therefore loading in the existing suburban trains have increased and the travelling conditions in the trains have become unbearable. The paper gives an insight into the process of building social and political consensus while taking into consideration the aspirations of people for conducive and comfortable commutation. The diverse but integrated objectives that were achieved holistically, is indeed through innovative strategic management that led MRVC to attain customer satisfaction, energy conservations, socioeconomic benefits, environmental upgradation through afforestation, rain water harvesting, and noise reduction. MRVC is doing rain water harvesting, mangrove plantation, tree plantation and transplantation to compensate for cutting of tress at project sites. A glaring example of an infrastructure project that aptly envisaged ecological balance and environmental and social upgradation of slum dwellers. Innovative improvement in commuters' amenities including ventilation system, GPS-based passenger information system, pneumatic suspension for comfortable riding, etc., have enhanced customer satisfaction that is required for a long-term business growth.
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Asher, Robert. "Experience Counts: British Workers, Accident Prevention and Compensation, and the Origins of the Welfare State". Journal of Policy History 15, n.º 4 (octubre de 2003): 359–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0022.
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This article examines the views of Britain's organized railway, mining, and engineering workers (machinists) and their union leaders about state involvement in workplace accident prevention (1876–97), accident compensation (1876–1911), and the 1911 National Insurance Act. The miners and the railwaymen left numerous comments on these topics because they labored in unusually hazardous trades. (Their unions were large and were relatively democratic.) After 1880, leaders of the miners and railwaymen concluded that it was problematic to rely solely on trade union workplace bargaining power to protect worker life and limb and to compensate injured workers for their economic losses. Faced with what was initially seen as a Hobson's choice between employer compulsion and state compulsion, after the mid-1880s these trade unionists began to lean toward the latter. Historical experience led the trade union leaders whose views are discussed in this article to trust increasingly the Labor Department of the Board of Trade and to endorse Liberal welfare-state programs proposed in 1908 and thereafter. In 1911 the rank-and-file machinists who expressed their views about National Insurance in letters to the labor press were suspicious of augmenting the power of the state, but they were unwilling to scuttle National Insurance, preferring to agitate to expand union rights of participation. Worker opposition tosomefeatures of state-mandated income maintenance programs, especially those with compulsory payroll deductions, should not be interpreted as rejection of the welfare state in principle.
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Kaufman, Bruce. "Divergent fates: company unions and employee involvement committees under the railway labor and national labor relations acts". Labor History 56, n.º 4 (8 de agosto de 2015): 423–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0023656x.2016.1086547.
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M., Moses M. "The Critical Exposure of Lesotho’s Labor Law Effectiveness: Industrial Relations’ Calamity of Textile Industry Workers in Lesotho". Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2014): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i2.806.
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This article provides insights on tribulations of Lesotho textile industry workers and effectiveness-extent of national labor law in shielding labor rights. It is a qualitative and quantitative research premised on textile industrial areas of Thetsane and Railway Station area in Maseru city, Labor offices and workers/trade unions. It illuminates the prescriptions of the Labor Law in Lesotho pertaining to the textile industries and inquires whether such Labor Law is not nominally applied in protecting textile factory workers’ rights. It examines workers’ organizational capacity and bargaining, role of workers’ trade unions in addressing workers’ concerns and maintenance of labor law. Elucidation embraces efficacy of legal resolutions procedure followed whenever there are disputes between workers and management, reported by either the individual workers or workers’ trade unions/TUs. Outlook of the workers to examine their content concerning services rendered to them by labor offices forms part of this researched debated in-depth interviews. Dictates of the Law towards lowly esteemed workers and the extent to which their rights as workers in Lesotho are protected by the government mold chief innards. Findings reflect on benefits ought to be derived from this industrial sector but which are inconspicuous, thereby ensuing in destitution of workers whose majority are women with significant dependency ratios. Labor downsizing, layoffs, unfair dismissals, salary cuts and/or delayed labor earnings, toiling beyond normal working hours, chronic lung diseases from inhaled harmful chemicals, labor devalourization, vulnerability and others constitute quandary of Lesotho textile industry workers. The research question is, then, how far does the law work for them through pro-active and reactive (remedial) strategies for their emancipation, protection and recompense/welfare?
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Chen, Lipei, Cheng Xu, Shuai Lin, Siqi Li y Xiaohan Tu. "A Deep Learning-Based Method for Overhead Contact System Component Recognition Using Mobile 2D LiDAR". Sensors 20, n.º 8 (15 de abril de 2020): 2224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20082224.
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The overhead contact system (OCS) is a critical railway infrastructure for train power supply. Periodic inspections, aiming at acquiring the operational condition of the OCS and detecting problems, are necessary to guarantee the safety of railway operations. One of the OCS inspection means is to analyze data of point clouds collected by mobile 2D LiDAR. Recognizing OCS components from the collected point clouds is a critical task of the data analysis. However, the complex composition of OCS makes the task difficult. To solve the problem of recognizing multiple OCS components, we propose a new deep learning-based method to conduct semantic segmentation on the point cloud collected by mobile 2D LiDAR. Both online data processing and batch data processing are supported because our method is designed to classify points into meaningful categories of objects scan line by scan line. Local features are important for the success of point cloud semantic segmentation. Thus, we design an iterative point partitioning algorithm and a module named as Spatial Fusion Network, which are two critical components of our method for multi-scale local feature extraction. We evaluate our method on point clouds where sixteen categories of common OCS components have been manually labeled. Experimental results show that our method is effective in multiple object recognition since mean Intersection-over-Unions (mIoUs) of online data processing and batch data processing are, respectively, 96.12% and 97.17%.
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Babkina, Ekaterina Sergeevna. "Typological and formal-informative peculiarities of periodical press of the Student Youth Unions of the Russian Far East (1900-1922)". Litera, n.º 2 (febrero de 2020): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2020.2.31385.
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The goal of this article consists in examination of periodical press issued by the Student Youth Unions of the Russian Far East in the early XX century. Based on the publications of archival printed sources, the author explores the conditions of creation, typological and informative peculiarities of the periodicals in the context of political-economic and sociocultural situation of the 1900-1922. The geography of the current research spreads to the entire Far East. Taking into account the historical context, the boundaries of the conducted research were extended to Zabaykalsky Krai – region that is historically referred to the Russian Far East, and zone of the Chinese Eastern Railway – Northeast China. The research is philological in its essence, leans on the interdisciplinary approach and synthesizes the knowledge of different sciences: literary studies, theory and history of journalism, and culturology. The scientific novelty consists in attraction of the new factual evidence – publication of periodical press that have not previously been the subject of analysis among the Russian and foreign scholars. The new approach in studying Russian journalism of the early XX century became the research of the general patterns of development, as well as peculiarities of functioning of the separate periodicals issued by the Student Youth Unions of the Russian Far East.
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Kelloway, Phoebe. "Queensland Workers in the 1928 Waterside Strike". Labour History 116, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2019): 83–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.5.
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The 1928 strike of waterside workers against the Beeby Award was a national one, yet most of the histories of it concentrate on Melbourne. Queensland wharfies, like their Melbourne counterparts, had won improved working conditions that shipowners wanted to reverse. Watersiders in Brisbane and other Queensland ports, as well as Melbourne, stayed on strike for longer than anywhere else. This article examines Queensland wharfies’ role in the strike, including their efforts to extend it, and how their activities showed the divisions in that state’s labour movement. It situates the different positions that Waterside Workers’ Federation branches took in 1928 in the context of the industrial politics of notable ports. This article takes account of conflict between the McCormack state Labor government and militant unions, including a development in Bowen which was as much an epilogue to the 1927 railway lockout as it was part of the waterside strike.
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Kwiatkowska, Ewelina. "RAMS FOR RAILWAY TURNOUTS". Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2018, n.º 7 (1 de julio de 2018): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_18_07_04.
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The Specification and Demonstration of Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety is an important issue for the integration of the railway system in the European Union. Rail's analysis of railways shows the necessity to design railway lines with the safety and accessibility of railways. RAMS needs to maintain on the railway line the unsatisfactoriness and rigidity of subwoofer and the highest quality of maintenance and operation.
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KAKAGASANOV, Gadzhikurban Ibraghimovich y Yulia Mikhaylovna LYSENKO. "MAKHACHKALA IN THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR: THE MAIN INDUSTRIAL AND TRANSPORT CENTER OF THE CAUCASUS". Herald of Daghestan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Science, n.º 81 (30 de junio de 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31029/vestdnc81/6.
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The article reviews the role of Makhachkala - the capital of the Daghestan ASSR - as an industrial, transport and evacuation center in the years of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). The authors highlights the labor excellence of the city’s residents, especially those who worked at industrial enterprises, at the sea-port, on the railway. The importance of the city workers in strengthening the country's defense is shown. During the war, a number of factories in Makhachkala started the production of ammunition and equipment for ships and transport. The paper provides the analysis of the manufactured products, notes the joint work with the evacuated enterprises. The workers of the Makhachkala Factory named after M. Gadzhiev, for example, during the war increased the output of products by 4 times; in 1945 they 7 times won the Red Banner of the State Defense Committee and 2 times - the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the People's Commissariat of the USSR Navy. The work of the citizens of Makhachkala on the construction of defensive lines, the activities of evacuation hospitals located in the city are described. In the summer of 1942, the Makhachkala special defensive line was created, while the construction of defensive structures in the city itself (barricades, firing points, shelters) was underway, in which more than 20 thousand of citizens and residents of neighbouring regions took part.
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Stephens, Mark C. "Losing Lift and Creating Drag! The Effect of National Mediation Board Execution and Railway Labor Act Court Decisions on the Collective Bargaining Process in the Airline Industry: A Union Perspective". Texas Wesleyan Law Review 15, n.º 1 (octubre de 2008): 141–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v15.i1.6.
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This comment will: (1) contrast the divergent statutory bargaining provisions implemented in the RLA and NLRA, (2) discuss how the NMB's application of the RLA combined with court interpretation of RLA provisions negatively impacts labor unions' leverage in the collective bargaining process, and (3) suggest potential solutions to balance the negotiating dynamic in the airline industry while still serving the legislative purposes enumerated in the RLA.
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Wiese, Bill. "The 1946 Railroad Strike: Harry Truman and the Evolution of Presidential Power". Public Voices 11, n.º 2 (19 de abril de 2017): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.492.
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The author looks back at the dramatic events that gripped the nation in the spring of 1946 when the country’s two most powerful railroad unions, the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, declared a strike and, within hours, 250,000 members had walked off their jobs. Reaction to the strike on the part of President Harry Truman was swift and dramatic. While never granted, his request to Congress for emergency executive power to draft the striking workers into the army remains to this day the single most radical proposal ever publicly made by any American President in relation to a lawfully organized labor action. The outrage of the Congress to the strike resulted in the passage of the Hartley Act in 1947, a harsh anti-labor legislation that redefined the relationship between labor and the United States government and whose effects reverberate to this day. Sixty three years after its passage, it remains the law of the land.
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Hong, sunki. "A Study on the Current Status of Railway Legislation in the European Union". European Constitutional Law Association 29 (31 de agosto de 2022): 189–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.21592/eucj.2022.39.189.
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The European Union has implemented policies focusing on the principle of separation of infrastructure and operation and market opening(open access) for 30 years to revitalize railway transportation. The EU's rail policy is starting from the Council Directive 91/440/EEC of 29 July 1991 on the development of the Community's railways. In 1995, two guidelines (Council Directive 95/18/EC of 19 June 1995 on the licensing of railway undertakings and Council Directive 95/19/EC of 19 June 1995 on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the charging of infrastructure fees) were issued, and in 2001 the so-called First Railway Package reiterated open access and competition in the international railway cargo market to further develop their guidelines. The second railway package in 2004 stipulated the harmonization of different certification and safety regulations, and the creation of the European union agency for railways to promote safety and mutual operation. In 2007, the third railway package has consistently promoted the development of the railway industry through competition, such as declaring the introduction of competition in international passenger services. The European Commission analyzed the performance and problems between 2011 and 2012, and announced the fourth railway package containing the results and supplementary measures.
The Fourth Railway Package is a set of six legislation designed to complete a single market for railway services, with an important goal being to revitalize the railway sector and to increase competitiveness over other means of transport.
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Maskeliūnaitė, Lijana. "RAILWAYS IN LITHUANIA: FROM TSARIST RUSSIA TO RAIL BALTICA". Transport 36, n.º 4 (8 de diciembre de 2021): 364–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2021.16086.
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Lithuania is a transit country. It is a small but significant territory between East and West. This fact is substantiated by the history of the country railways, which started when Tsarist Russia launched the construction of the railway between Saint-Petersburg and Warsaw. There is not much research into the history of railways in Russia, also in Lithuania. Besides, not all available information is reliable due to the nihilistic attitudes towards Tsarism of that time. Only some of the railways in the former Soviet Union were written and talked about. The history of the Lithuania railway is not an exception. Different written sources provide a variety of dates for the first railway to be built in Lithuania. They mirror varied events in the history of Lithuanian railways, thus all of them must be taken into consideration. The article presents the evolution of Lithuanian railway transport from Tsarist Russia to Rail Baltica, which is the European railway project currently implemented in Lithuania. The article discusses the world’s first railways including the ones in Tsarist Russia when the history of Lithuanian railways started. The article also considers the building of the first railway in Lithuania, construction of railway stations, setting the transportation tariffs, selection of railway employees. The author of the article employs historical and online resources as well as a long-standing personal experience in railway transport. The research into Tsar Family’s diaries and historical novels makes it possible to disclose the facts that are not widely known. The author considers the future of Lithuania with reference to the construction of the European railway Rail Baltica. The article would be useful for the readers who are interested in the historical development and future of Lithuanian railways.
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Lee, Gregory. "The ‘East is red’ goes pop: commodification, hybridity and nationalism in Chinese popular song and its televisual performance". Popular Music 14, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000007649.
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In 1989 the Western media left its consumers with the romantic impression that it was merely the students who were demonstrating for ‘democracy’, as if emulating the student demonstrations of twenty years before in Europe and America. But there were workers involved too, who had illegally organised unofficial labour unions, and beyond concerns about democratic rights, there was the impetus of a socio-economic crisis. Most of those killed by the tanks in Tiananmen were workers, not students. People from all walks of life had marched and demonstrated throughout China from Canton ti Lhasa. Nine months before the Tiananmen massacre of June 1989, reversals in official economic policy put a halt to investment and constructions, and the problem of unemployment of rural migrants who had come to the towns was exacerbated. This migration was illegal but had been tolerated since labour was needed for construction. In 1989 anywhere between 60 to 100 million unemployed and homeless people were moving around the country en masse. At one time 250,000 were camped at Canton railway station.
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Sablin, Ivan. "Democracy in the Russian Far East during the Revolution of 1905–1907". Russian History 44, n.º 2-3 (23 de junio de 2017): 449–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04402017.
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The First Russian Revolution demonstrated that there was considerable interest in democracy in the Transbaikal, Amur, and Maritime Regions in 1905–1907, which was widely shared across the empire and in East Asia. Democracy was understood as economic welfare, social justice, civil liberties, popular representation, decentralization, and national self-determination. Like elsewhere in the empire, protests started with economic demands, but many trade and professional political unions, strike committees, and soviets developed political programs. In Vladivostok, unrests among soldiers and sailors erupted into major riots with numerous casualties in October 1905, despite the attempts of Military Doctor Mikhail Aleksandrovich Kudrzhinskii and other intellectuals to make the movement peaceful. In Blagoveshchensk, the Amur Cossack teacher Mikhail Nikitich Astaf’ev joined a group of intellectuals who attempted to turn the municipal duma into a provisional government. In Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, Doctor Nikolai Vasil’evich Kirilov presided over the founding congress of the Ussuri Peasant Union, which discussed the introduction of rural revolutionary self-government. In Chita, Social Democrats under Anton Antonovich Kostiushko-Voliuzhanich took over much of the Transbaikal Railway. Tsyben Zhamtsarano and other Buryat intellectuals assembled for congresses demanding indigenous self-government. The recognition of these territories as the Russian Far East had already begun, but the loosely united Transbaikal, Maritime, and Amur Regions remained part of Siberia or North Asia for contemporary observers. The unity of Siberia from the Urals to the Pacific was reinforced by Siberian Regionalism which attracted the support of regional liberals and moderate socialists and consolidated through joint activities of Siberian deputies.
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Robertson, Emma y Lee-Ann Monk. "“When Women Do the Work of Men”: Representations of Gendered Occupational Identities on British Railways in World War I Cartoons". Labour History: Volume 117, Issue 1 117, n.º 1 (1 de noviembre de 2019): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2019.18.
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During World War I in Britain, women workers took on previously men-only jobs on the railways. In response to this wartime development, the National Union of Railwaymen published a series of cartoons in their journal, Railway Review. These images depicted women employed as porters and guards, occupying the engine footplate, and acting in the role of station-mistress. Through a close reading of the cartoons, and related images in the journal, this article examines how the humorous portrayal of female railway workers reinforced masculine occupational identities at the same time as revealing ambiguities in (and negotiating anxieties over) the gendered nature of railway employment. Despite wartime labour shortages, certain occupations, notably the driving and firing of steam trains, remained stolidly men’s work and would do so until the late twentieth century. By scrutinising the construction of gendered occupational culture in union journals, we can better understand the tenacity of notions of “traditional” work for men and women on the railways.
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Branković, Nedžad, Aida Kalem y Adisa Medić. "Development of mobile communication systems for high-speed railway". Science, Engineering and Technology 1, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2021): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54327/set2021/v1.i1.2.
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Development of high-speed railways set up challenges for new communication technologies. With the increase in speed, new requirements for communication systems have emerged that HSR requires greater reliability, capacity and shorter response time for efficient and safe operations. Mobile communication systems are crucial for the competitiveness of the railway industry and therefore have become one of the priorities addressed by the participants in the railway system to take advantage of technological opportunities to improve operational processes and the quality of provided transport services. The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) uses the Global System for Mobile Communications for Railways (GSM-R) for voice and data communication to communicate between trains and control centers. The International Railway Union is exploring new ways of communicating for high-speed railways because as speed increases this system becomes unreliable in information transmission. This paperwork presents an analysis of the evolution of communications on European railways since the usage of GSM-R. In addition, an overview of the various alternative solutions proposed during the time (LTE-R, Future Railway Mobile Communication System) as possible successors to GSM-R technology is given.
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Kosmin, V. V. "COVID-19 virus pandemia and railways". Transport Technician: Education and Practice 1, n.º 1-2 (28 de junio de 2020): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.1.20.
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The issues of the work of railways in the conditions of the viral pandemic 2019–2020 are considered. The results of the research carried out by a group of the International Union of Railways and the generalization of the experience of railways — members of this organization in the fight against coronavirus in railway transport, both at stations and in trains during the trip, are presented, for both passengers and maintenance personnel. The relevant recommendations of an organizational and technical nature are provided.
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Totor, Nicușor. "Network Management Center for East European Railways". Scientific Bulletin of the Politehnica University of Timişoara Transactions on Engineering and Management 7, n.º 1-2 (4 de mayo de 2023): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.59168/icnx2715.
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Railways in the world are facing increasing competition with other transport facilities like electric cars, electric buses, freight trucks and aircraft. By using digital interfaces to electromagnetic relay-based block automation section or electronic interlocking system like LZB control center from Alcatel-Cegelec, the East European Union Railways must manage the whole long-distance traffic in his whole railway network and the upgrade software program is demanding the hardware part installation.
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Article, Editorial. "12<sup>TH </sup>INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY BUSINESS FORUM «STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP 1520»". World of Transport and Transportation 15, n.º 3 (28 de junio de 2017): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2017-15-3-35.
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[For the English full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version)].In the framework of the 12th International Railway Business Forum» Strategic Partnership 1520» Oleg Belozerov, the President of Russian Railways, Kanat Alpysbaev, the President of JSC NC Kazakhstan Temir Zholy, and Vladimir Morozov, the head of the Belarusian Railways State Enterprise, have signed a memorandum on cooperation on the development of rail transport within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union. Based on press releases of JSC Russian Railways
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Antonowicz, Mirosław. "65 Years of OSJD Activities in Eurasia". Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 65, n.º 192 (septiembre de 2021): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1921e.
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The Organisation for Co-Operation between Railways (OSJD) is an international organisation established on the basis of the “Provisions on the Organisation for Cooperation between Railways” international agreement. The year 2021 is significant for the OSJD since the Organisation celebrates 65 years of its existence. The past years were a period of constant development of the OSJD, full of important events and changes, both within the Organisation itself and in the economic and geopolitical situation of the regions in which it functions. The OSJD has always been focused on the development and improvement of railway transport in Eurasia through the development and improvement of transport corridors and the harmonization of transport law. It is one of the major organisations in the railway sector, actively operating and cooperating with other important international organisations functioning in the railway transport sector, such as the International Union of Railways (UIC), the International Rail Transport Committee (CIT), and the Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail (OTIF), whose task is to promote, cooperate, develop, improve, and facilitate international railway transport as a means of transport that could meet the challenges in terms of mobility and sustainable transport. As part of this cooperation, the OSJD is focused on the constant improvement of railway transport through the simplification of border procedures and the harmonisation of transport documents, which is exemplified by the common CIM/SMGS consignment note. The purpose of this article is to outline the main tasks and roles of the Organisation in the development of railway transport in Eurasia in recent years. Keywords: OSJD, railway transport, international organisations, Eurasia, consignment note
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Mężyk, Anna. "Railway efficiency. Metodological aspects". Central European Review of Economics & Finance 32, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2021): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/ceref.2021.002.
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Improving market competitiveness and economic efficiency was the objective behind the demonopolisation and liberalisation of the railway sector in the European Union. Achieving this objective remains important and crucial to the development of a single rail transport market. The transport performance and financial results of the sector under the new, separative organisational structure of railways in the EU is the result of the action of many different actors, private operators and public entities. This significantly complicates the development of uniform and clear comparable performance evaluation indicators for the sector and makes comparative analyses difficult. Moreover, the specific situation of railways in the EU as a tool for implementing environmental and social policy may conflict with the requirements of financial efficiency. The article presents determinants and methods of measuring railway efficiency proposed by researchers and practitioners.
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Gligić, Toni y Tomislav Herceg. "Determinants of Profitability in Railway Transport of Selected Companies in the European Union". Croatian Regional Development Journal 4, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/crdj-2023-0001.
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Abstract This paper explores the factors affecting the net profit margins of railway companies, a relatively under-researched topic. The analysis focuses on ten railway companies within the European Union from 2010 to 2019. Historically, the railway has played a critical role in economic growth, especially during the first industrial revolution. Despite its influence waning in the latter half of the 20th century, it remains an integral component of the economy. The current rise of the green economy provides a vital motivation to focus on railways as a research subject. In this study, the authors examine the effect of six factors on the net profit margin of railway companies. The results indicate that the number of passengers, labour productivity, and the number of employees positively influence the net profit margin. Interestingly, the paper finds evidence of economies of scale in passenger transport but not goods transport. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that the number of employees positively affects the net profit margin, contradicting the widely held assumption about the low productivity of workers in the public sector and state-owned companies.
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Anwar, Khoirul, Ikhfan Ammar Rangkuti, Muhammad Hendra Maulana Sambas y Abdul Khamid Ridwanuddin. "STUDI SISTEM KOMUNIKASI NIRKABEL UNTUK PENSINYALAN KERETA CEPAT INDONESIA". Transmisi 21, n.º 3 (31 de julio de 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/transmisi.21.3.61-69.
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Perkembangan teknologi sistem komunikasi yang sangat cepat juga berdampak kepada perkembangan sistem pensinyalan kereta cepat di seluruh dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Beragamnya sistem pensinyalan kereta cepat dunia sampai saat ini membuat Indonesia harus menentukan dengan cermat teknologi mana yang paling sesuai dengan kondisi alam Indonesia.Pada jurnal ini, kami menyampaikan analisis dan hasil evaluasi performansi teknologi pensinyalan kereta cepat, sehingga membantu berbagai pihak dalam menentukan teknologi terbaik bagi Indonesia. Kami melakukan evaluasi pada tiga teknologi komunikasi nirkabel untuk kereta cepat yaitu global system for mobile communication-railway (GSM-R), terrestrial trunked radio-railway (TETRA), dan long-term evolution-railway (LTE-R) di dunia terkait dengan data teknis, kelebihan, kekurangan, potensi interferensi, dan keandalan teknologi terhadap kecapatan kereta. Beberapa referensi yang kami sadur berasal dari buku railway, paper, jurnal, hasil studi International Telecommunication Union (ITU), International Union of Railways (UIC), dan Asia Pacific Wireless Group (AWG). Seluruh hasil numerik kami dapatkan melalui simulasi komputer.Hasil jurnal ini adalah diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu referensi dalam pengambilan teknologi yang digunakan pada pengimplementasian layanan kereta cepat di masa kini dan masa depan.
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Černá, Lenka, Vladislav Zitrický, Peter Blaho y Peter Šulko. "Proposal international transport chain during the transport of tires". MATEC Web of Conferences 235 (2018): 00021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823500021.
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In view of a continuously growing freight turnover, the road transport has been increasingly developing not only in the Slovak Republic, but also in the European Union, as a whole. The European Union, by applying legal instruments, seeks to change the situation in favour of safer, more efficient and environmentally friendly modes of transport, such as railways and inland water transport. The railway scientists and experts from the Slovak Republic compare the transport and tariff conditions for the carriage of automobile tires by railway and road transport on the route Puchov - Hannover in a real environment. Based on the comparative analysis, they assess the time and economic indicators of complexity and efficiency in the transportation of a particular type of cargo on a particular route.
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Zmerzlyy, B. V. "ON THE STATE OF THE RAILWAYS OF THE UNION OF GERMAN RAILWAY ADMINISTRATIONS IN 1895-1897". Scientific Notes of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Juridical science 7 (73), n.º 2 (2022): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37279/2413-1733-2021-7-2-306-309.
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The development of the railways of the German Empire in the period under review (1895-1897) followed an evolutionary path, aimed not only at increasing freight traffic and the railway network itself, but also at improving the quality and reliability of the roads themselves, which was expressed in gradually improving the quality of the sleepers and rails used in their construction and repair, which were made of increasingly resistant and durable materials. This seemingly inconspicuous work allowed Germany to reduce the subsequent costs of repairing the railway network and maintain a high level and culture of transportation.
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Flade, Falk. "Beyond socialist camaraderie. Cross-border railway between German Democratic Republic, Poland and Soviet Union (1950s–60s)". Journal of Transport History 40, n.º 2 (9 de mayo de 2019): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619845339.
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In order to facilitate cross-border railway transport between socialist countries in Eastern Europe, the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance and later the Organisation for Cooperation of Railways were established in 1949 and 1956. Joint planning, standardisation and tariff policy were the main fields of cooperation. The paper focuses on the struggles between Council of Mutual Economic Assistance and Organisation for Cooperation of Railways member countries regarding transit tariffs for cross-border freight shipments. These struggles, dragging on for more than three decades, reveal the economic interests of individual member countries and the limitations of socialist foreign trade (and alleged friendship). This study argues that despite of political declarations and the establishment of socialist international organisations, the East European railways became a major bottleneck in intrabloc trade.
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Kapelyuk, Z. A. y Y. V. Popova. "STUDY OF TARIFFS FOR TRANSPORT SERVICES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION". Economics Profession Business, n.º 1 (10 de marzo de 2021): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/epb202105.
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The article analyzes the experience of tariff regulation of the cost of passenger railway transportation services in the European Union and the Russian Federation. The features of tariff regulation are disclosed and eleven countries are classified according to the main categories.
Tariff policy for transport services is used to ensure the consistency of economic interests of consumers and is a problematic segment for all types of transport. The article deals with tariff regulation of the cost of services provided by the railway infrastructure. Comparison of domestic and foreign experience in pricing of transport services for further development of Russian Railways is carried out. The setting of tariffs and available discounts, as well as benefits for the purchase of tickets for trains in the countries of the European Union and Russia are considered. The indexation of tariffs for transportation services of Russian Railways depending on the period of the trip and the comfort of the car is analyzed.
Conclusions on the impact of mobile tariffs on economic efficiency, as well as the need to improve the tariff policy in the Russian Federation by involving foreign transport companies in implementation.
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Smoczyński, Piotr, Adrian Gill y Adam Kadziński. "MAINTENANCE LAYERS FOR RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE IN POLAND". Transport 35, n.º 6 (19 de enero de 2021): 605–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2020.14137.
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The railway network in Poland with over 19000 km is one of the biggest in the European Union (EU). At the same time safety indicators collected by the European Union Agency for Railways (ERA) show that it is one of the least safe in Europe. Consequently, all the actions taken in safety management of Polish Railways are particularly important for the society. In 2015, there was a change in the main infrastructure manager’s rulebook on track maintenance. A new process rule was introduced to replace a large set of long-established action rules. However, supervision reports of the Polish National Safety Authority indicate that the new rule is not used properly. Therefore, the current process of taking maintenance decisions on Polish Railways was described and a novel concept of maintenance layers and Maintenance Board meetings was proposed. The change would allow to choose the order of maintenance activities in a more objective way than it is done nowadays, without the necessity to make any major investments.
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Yacovenko, Sergey N. "PREPARATION OF THE SOVIET RAILWAY NETWORK IN THE WESTERN DIRECTION FOR A POSSIBLE MILITARY CONFLICT IN THE EARLY 1940S". Vestnik of Kostroma State University 28, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2023): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2022-28-3-33-36.
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The article describes the preparation of the Soviet railway network for a possible military conflict in the late 1930s – early 1940s. The state of the Soviet railway network in the western direction is considered and analysed. The possibilities for the transfer of troops and materiel by rail on the border territory of the Soviet Union have been identified. Similar possibilities have been identified for the transfer of forces and means of a potential enemy to the border with the USSR. The scale of construction and production works carried out in the pre-war period at the defence facilities of the railway transport of the People’s Commissariat of Defence in the western direction has been revealed. The role of the railway troops of the Red Army, the Military Communications Service, as well as the People’s Commissariat of Railways in the preparation of the railway network is revealed. The main factors influencing the state of defence railway construction in the western direction have been established. It is also defined that the work that was being carried out in order to modernise the railway network in the western direction had not been fully completed by the start of the Axis aggression.
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Gladkykh, I. V. y N. V. Lupitko. "RESEARCH OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC EFFECT ON THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES". Railbound Rolling Stock, n.º 22 (2021): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47675/2304-6309-2021-22-18-31.
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The article deals with the study of the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the world economy. The impact on industrial production and particularly on machine-building industry of Ukraine is considered. The figures of freight and passenger cars manufactured by plants of Ukraine are given. The issue of importing old-aged freight wagons to the territory of Ukraine, which caused an overbalance of life-expired wagons, was considered. This has become a huge problem at such challenging times for domestic freight wagons manufacturers. The activities aimed at bringing the current technical condition of wagons with expired service life to normative condition, reducing the risks of man-made disasters, increasing the competitiveness of rail transportation and engaging the operators of freight cars in the purchase of new freight wagons manufactured by Ukrainian producers are proposed. The paper presents the results of the impact of quarantine restrictions on railway transport. The data on the drop in railway transportation caused by the pandemic in Ukraine and in the countries of the European Union, and the results of the comparative analysis are given. The volumes of the downfall in the production of freight cars and their reasons are analyzed, suggestions on the overcoming the crisis in machine building industry are defined, which will allow to resume the work of rail transport and related industries. This provides a real vision of the possible course of economic processes that will have an immediate effect on the standards of the social life. Key words: economic crisis, COVID-19, economic recession, industry, machine-building industry, railway transport, railcar-building industry, freight transportation, passenger transportation, EU railways.
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Ciszewski, Tomasz, Waldemar Nowakowski y Marcin Chrzan. "Analysis of selected aspects of the railway safety in the European Union". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2018): 378–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.416.
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Sustainable development of railway companies is conditioned by safety, which is why each railway operator should continually strive to improve safety and reduce the number of accidents. The requirements for reporting incidents and analyses are regulated at the European Community level. The regulatory authorities - national and European - are responsible for monitoring the safety culture. On the basis of the acquired data and safety indicators the authors analysed trends related to the European railways safety level. Comparative analyses carried out for individual EU countries allowed to find the main causes of accidents and indicate selected corrective actions that can be taken to improve safety and reduce accident costs. Previous practical experiences show that the costs of preventive actions are much smaller than the costs of eliminating the effects of accidents. Although the results of the analysis clearly show that consistent efforts in the safety area lead to a structural reduction in the number of accidents, there is still significant scope for improvements in many areas.
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Shmatchenko, Vladimir, Yuriy Meremson y Viktor Ivanov. "Traffic Safety Specifics on Rail Crossings". Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 19, n.º 1 (24 de marzo de 2022): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2022-19-1-143-154.
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Purposes: To consider the state of safety on the railways of the world and the European Union (EU) countries for the period of 1990–2020, and make the particular focus on safety at railway crossings. Information from Wikipedia was considered as one of the sources to evaluate this situation and, as it is not known whether Wikipedia information is representative, more accurate data from the official ERADIS database, which collects comprehensive information on safety of EU railways, was as another source. Methods: The measure of safety status was annual estimates of absolute values of accident rate, material damage, associated with the accidents, and human life and health damage. In this regard, only accidents with passenger trains were considered. The causes of accidents — human error or technical failure — were also being determined, while cases of sabotage, vandalism and terrorism were not considered as they are related to transport safety and not to traffic one. The material, collected this way, can be differentiated and analyzed by EU countries, accident types — derailments, collisions on a way, collisions at railway crossings, collisions with people, fires on trains; by accident causes — human error or technical failure, by accident reasons — human errors or technical failures, by accident consequences — material damage or human life and health damage. Results: Integral estimates by year show increase in accident rate on railways. For EU countries this growth is slowing down but if we consider time periods from 4 years to more the accident rate keeps clear upward tendency. The main cause of accidents is human errors, especially, at railway crossings. Practical significance: The pursued analysis shows the necessity of further usage of automation and safety control systems to improve the guarantor-ability of railway transport.
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Djuric, Nedjo y Dijana Djuric. "DETAIL OF PARSING LITHOLOGICAL MEMBERS OF THE TERRAIN AND EMBANKMENT ALONG THE ROUTE OF THE RAILWAY SAMAC - SARAJEVO, CORRIDOR V, SECTION CHAINAGE KM 85 + 000 – 103+500, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2016): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i12.2016.2390.
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Revitalization of the railways is a started project of the European Union, where is necessary for all the tracks of the former Yugoslavia to be revitalized in order to improve their train speed quality up to 120 km / hour. The railway that passes through the middle of Bosnia and Herzegovina, from north to south, is the Corridor Vc and connects Budapest, that is Central Europe with the Adriatic Sea. The largest part of the railway was revitalized, and researched section is one of several remaining that need to be investigated in detail before revitalized. It is expected its full completion by 2010. During the research of mentioned section, in detail were studied the characteristics of the terrain and the buffer layer of railway along its route. The level of detail was such that it had allocated all the characteristics of lithological members and embankments per chainages.
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Lukin, Dorotea, Ines Kolanović y Tanja Poletan Jugović. "The importance of cohesion policy for the development of the railway system of the Republic of Croatia". Pomorstvo 35, n.º 2 (22 de diciembre de 2021): 402–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.35.2.22.
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Cohesion policy is one of the European Union’s policies, which provides Member States with the possibility of financial support under the European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds) as well as with the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF), to reduce disparities and encourage the development of less developed Member States. By funding through Cohesion policy funds, the European Union seeks to accomplish a prosperous economy by achieving appropriate European standards in the individual Member States. Cohesion policy emphasizes the development of transport and mobility, and in particular, the investment in key transport links and sections of international importance through the revitalization of railway infrastructure in line with European Union standards. The railway system of the Republic of Croatia has been under-invested for many years, which is why it has not followed the requirements and needs of the development of the transport market. Membership in the European Union has provided the Republic of Croatia with co-financing for the development of the railway system. This paper will analyse the current investments in the railway system and the development potentials that are planned to be achieved in the next programming period. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of the Cohesion Policy of the European Union for the development of the railway system of the Republic of Croatia in the Programming period 2021-2027. The analysis aims to identify opportunities for further development of the railway system as the ‘cleanest’ transport industry, guided by the need to reduce harmful emissions following the European Green Deal by using funds from the European Structural and Investment Funds.
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Potemkin, Igor y Petr Kolpakov. "Actions of units of the NKVD on the defense of railway infrastructure during the Great Patriotic War". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, n.º 4-1 (1 de abril de 2023): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202304statyi04.
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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of protection by units of the troops of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs for the protection of railways and steel highways during the struggle of the Soviet Union with Nazi aggression. On the basis of archival documents, information on countering parachute landings, infantry and motorized units of the Nazis and their satellites, as well as enemy air raids to railway facilities, is summarized and analyzed.
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STERNAD, Marjan y Igor GROFELNIK. "COMPARISON OF RAILWAY PERFORMANCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION BASED ON DEA ANALYSIS DURING COVID CRISIS". Transport Problems 18, n.º 4 (31 de diciembre de 2023): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/tp.2023.18.4.16.
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The efficiency of transportation systems has decreased due to restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the research was to analyze the efficiency of railways in connection with the impact of COVID-19 on rail transport itself. Thus, using data envelopment analysis we determined how the measures during the pandemic affected the efficiency of passenger and freight transport. The efficiency of the railway system was evaluated using a linear programming technique that measures the effectiveness of homogeneous decision-making units. The model’s input variables consisted of technical attributes of railway tracks, while the output variables encompassed train operations, the conveyance of goods, and passenger transport. The results show the differences in railway efficiency between EU countries during the COVID-19 crisis. Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 crisis had a more substantial effect on the effectiveness of services than its impact on technical aspects. The results show the differences in railway efficiency between countries during the COVID-19 crisis. In the research, we found that the COVID-19 crisis had a negative impact on service effectiveness, as it decreased by more than 3%, while technical efficiency increased during the analyzed period, mainly at the expense of a lower number of train movements when transport equipment was not maintained. The differences between countries indicate the slow adoption of the necessary measures to mitigate the consequences of the COVID-19 crisis and the need for coordinated and flexible action by rail transport policymakers.