Artículos de revistas: "Railway Employes' Department"

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Petrykin, Nikolay. "Archival description of cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department as a source for studying the activities of the railway police (1869–1916)". Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, n.º 179 (2019): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2019-24-179-159-165.

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We highlight the need to study the activities of gendarme police departments of railways on the basis of reliable sources and versatile approaches. We made a structural analysis of the archive inventory of the affairs of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department of the Moscow Gendarme Police Department of railways for the period of 1869–1916. The basic directions and some features of the organization of service of the gendarme railway police are revealed. A longitudinal study of the clerical work allowed us to see in the dynamics of meaningful practice, to identify the subjects of the system of relations between the railway gendarmes, their role and place in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire. In classifying cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department by the institutional criterion, a retrospective assessment of the activities of railway gendarmes was given. On the basis of the obtained statistical data, critical conclusions were drawn up about the social processes that took place in Russian society in the post-reform period. Studying the cases of the model department of one of the gendarme police departments of railways allowed to draw conclusions about the role of the railway gendarme police units of the lowest level in the overall implementation of police and special functions, including in solving administrative issues, interacting with various officials, employees of railways, citizens.

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Odinokov, A. S. "Corporate requirements and training of personnel for railway transport in the system of secondary vocational education". Transport Technician: Education and Practice 2, n.º 1 (27 de marzo de 2021): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2021.1.33-39.

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The modern system of secondary vocational education must meet the requirements of practice-orientedness, take into account the requirements of employers to the level of development of general and professional competencies of employees in specific specialties, taking into account the specifics of the type of professional activity. The core of the national qualifications system is represented by professional standards developed jointly with leading companies in the Russian national economy. Actual expectations and needs of employers are guidelines for them educational system of secondary vocational education in the process of modernizing educational standards and programs. Russian Railways, as a natural monopoly, takes an active part in the development of industry education and training for railway transport. The content of requirements for middle-level employees, who make up more than a quarter of the company’s staff, in specific areas of training is reflected in corporate standards.A brief historical review confirms the conclusion about the practical orientation of secondary vocational education in the field of railway transport, the significant accumulated experience of industry vocational education, the active participation of the relevant department, and then Russian Railways, in its optimization. The growing demand of the company for middle-level employees, skilled workers and employees is matched by the growth in the number of graduates of secondary vocational education institutions.The results of a comparative analysis of the content of the provisions of the Federal State Educational Standard of secondary vocational education and local acts of JSC Russian Railways related to the educational and professional training of technicians in the field of communication in railway transport are presented. The purpose of the study is to determine the similarities and differences in the requirements of corporate and educational standards for the composition and level of development of professional competencies among employees of this specialty. The findings will make it possible to identify ways to optimize the FSES of secondary vocational education in relation to the results of educational training, taking into account the expectations of the employer.

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Khodyakov, M. V. y Zhiqing Zhao. "Church Construction in Transbaikalia and the Chinese Eastern Railway: Kaydalovskaya Railway Branch at the Turn of the 19<sup>th</sup> – 20<sup>th</sup> Centuries". Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 22, n.º 8 (29 de noviembre de 2023): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2023-22-8-100-111.

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The paper considers the process of church construction on the Kaidalovskaya branch of the Trans-Baikal Railway (one of the branches connecting the Chinese Eastern Railway with the Russian railway network). The history of how the branch was constructed and operated has been left beyond the scope of scholars’ interests, which explains the focus of the paper. The research relies on archive records data and aims at assessing the role of the state in the spread of Orthodoxy in Transbaikalia and the Far East through the main stages of the branch railway construction at the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries. It also sheds light on how the Department of Railways of the Ministry of Railways and the Department of the Committee of the Trans-Baikal Railway solved the practical issues. The study spotlights a special agreement between the Trans-Baikal and Chinese Eastern Railways, which was concluded in order to boost efficiency of the CER railway section from the Chinese border to Manchuria station. It helps to evidence the specificity of church construction in the region under consideration: the trend towards constructing churches on the territory of large settlements near the railway and introducing mobile church cars. In such a way, the abbots of churches at the stations could travel hundreds of kilometers and meet the religious needs of workers and employees who lived along the railway line. The paper concludes that church construction has become a manifestation of Russian national policy aimed at strengthening its stance in the east of the country. The churches on the Kaydalovskaya branch, funded by philanthropists, local residents, and special purpose funds, still exist and should be seen as cultural heritage sites.

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Fedchenko, Anna D. "Analysis of the expert assessment of the development of corporate competencies among the heads of the operational level of the Russian Railways company". Semiotic studies 4, n.º 1 (19 de abril de 2024): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2024-4-1-76-81.

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The article presents the results of one of the empirical stages within the framework of the dissertation research on the topic: "The role of the employer in increasing the level of competence of Russian Railways operating managers". Russian Railways Company, which is one of the largest holdings in Russia, pays special attention to the development of its employees, since the level of personnel competence, including different executives, determines the quality of their work functions and, as a result, the safety of passenger and freight transportation. The objective of the of the research stage presented in the article is to analyze the HR assessment of the effectiveness of the system for improving the level of corporate competencies of the operating managers of the Kuibyshev Railway traffic management. This study applied a method of an expert survey in the format of an individual interview with the traffic management personnel unit. The experts are 9 specialists of the directorate HR department, who are responsible for creating conditions for improving the level of managers' corporate competencies. The results of the study show practical recommendations developed together with the staff of the human resources department to modernize the existing system for the development of corporate competencies among operating managers. The practical significance of the study lies in the implementation of the developed recommendations in the work of the traffic management directorate. In case of successful implementation of practical recommendations, the experience will be applied in other Kuibyshev Railway directorates.

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Golovin, Evgeniy A. y Vladimir V. Korovin. "Documents of the Russian State Archive of Economics on Trade Services for Railway Workers in the 1950s". Herald of an archivist, n.º 2 (2024): 593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2024-2-593-606.

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Based on the analysis of a set of archival documents reflecting the activities of departmental trade management bodies in railway transport, the article examines the key areas of organization of trade services for Soviet railway workers in the 1950s. Despite the existence of separate works on the history of domestic trade and railway infrastructure, carried out at the all-Union, republican and regional levels, taking into account modern achievements of historical science and the development of the source base, the issues of the activities of departments and departments of working supply in terms of managing the work of railway trade enterprises still remain unexplored. The choice of the chronological framework of the conducted research is due to several circumstances. Firstly, by the mid-1950s, the stage of post-war reconstruction of domestic railway transport and its infrastructure was coming to an end. Secondly, in the second half of the 1950s, the active modernization of the industry began, caused by the urgent needs of the country's economic development. The main source for the study of the stated topic are archival documents reflecting the specifics of management activities for the organization of trade in railway transport. The authors of the article identified documentary materials in the 1884 fund (Ministry of Railways of the USSR) of the Russian State Archive of Economics, presented by administrative acts of the Main Directorate of Workers' Supply. They reveal the specifics of the transport trade, the nature of the measures taken to improve the quality of customer service. Geographically, the administration of departmental trade was carried out on the entire railway network of the USSR. Based on the analysis of the contents of these documents, a range of problems that had to be solved by management structures in order to ensure the effective functioning of trading enterprises is presented. Archival documents quite objectively highlight the situation in the transport trade. The accounting documents of the planning and economic divisions of the industry contain valuable statistical data on the number of trading enterprises, the contingent of their employees and the volume of trade turnover. Their introduction into scientific circulation will contribute to a reliable reflection of the role of sectoral social policy designed to create decent working and living conditions for employees as the most important factor stimulating the conscientious performance of professional duties.

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Azizi, Neda, Peyman Akhavan, Maryam Philsoophian, Claire Davison, Omid Haass y Shazi Saremi. "Exploring the Factors Affecting Sustainable Human Resource Productivity in Railway Lines". Sustainability 14, n.º 1 (26 de diciembre de 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010225.

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This study aimed to identify the critical factors and items affecting the productivity of sustainable human resources in a Railway Operation Company based on the perceptions of employees and managers in the Human Resources Department. The study was motivated by research which was applied in terms of the objectives of the study and a descriptive survey was employed as the method. The statistical population of the current study consisted of all employees and managers of the Human Resources Department of the company. Random sampling was employed to collect data and the sample size was 191 people according to Morgan’s Table. Methods including the correlation coefficient, multivariate regression, and factor analysis were employed for data analysis. The findings highlight the main factors and items affecting labor productivity in the Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company as perceived by the Human Resources Department, which were mainly related to human resources management and could be attributed to motivation and requirements for their effective contribution to the improvement of public welfare. Organizational Attitude and Culture, Leadership Style, and Bonus and Ergonomics were extracted as factors affecting productivity or as independent variables. This study is the first study that has aimed to discuss the perceptions of the Human Resources Department active in a company. As such, the study highlights the standpoint of the main decision makers in the Urban and Suburban Railway Operation Company with regard to labour productivity in the urban and suburban sector.

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7

Kolte, Prof Roshan R. "FTS: File Tracking System for Railway Board". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n.º 12 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 2278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39741.

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Abstract: The aim of this paper proposes a project based implementation File Tracking System (FTS) used in private and mostly in government sector. This project is built on Railway System using three tier architecture. This application is used to prevent corruption. There are a large number of departments in the Railway Department where file transfer is done from one department to another. The number of files moving within the specific time duration, file allocated to any employee and whether the file has been forwarded or not. Sometimes if someone has to do corruption then they does not send that file forward, seeing all this problem we have developed File Tracking System (FTS), which track the movements of the file within the organization. This application will keep track the movement of files from one desk to another inside the department.

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8

Inna N., Mamkina. "Organization of School Education on the Trans-Baikal Railway in the Beginning of the 20th Century". Humanitarian Vector 15, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2020-15-6-54-61.

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In the article the issue of the beginning of work experience and the development of the secondary schools in the Trans-Baikal section of the Trans-Siberian Railway is observed. The Trans-Baikal railway was the most important strategic object of the cross-border territory. Its effective activity was the key to the successful development and accelerated integration of the Eastern suburbs into the General Imperial space. Historiographic analysis showed a poor degree of knowledge of the sociocultural aspect in the activities of the Trans-Siberian Railway, which determined the purpose of the study. The study was conducted on the basis of historical and archival, comparative, statistical methods. A number of archival documents are mentioned in science for the first time. According to the author, the problem of providing the railway with a stable staff and the organization of traffic safety made it necessary to implement a socially oriented program for road employees. The organization of a school network at major railway stations was recognized as a promising area. Based on archival materials, the author investigated the process of its creation. It was established that to create a school network on the Trans-Baikal section of the road, special authorities were formed ‒ the Committee, local guardianships, and the position of an auditor was established. The formation order, principles of activity and competence of government bodies are determined. It was noted that the sphere of power of the authorities were economic and administrative issues. The organization of the educational process remained the subject of the Ministry of Education. Based on the clerical materials, the author determined the sources and procedure for financing educational institutions. The author notes that the Ministry of Railways allocated most of the funds for school maintenance. We established that 21 educational institutions were organized on the Trans-Baikal section of the road. The schools were jointly run by the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Education, and the Orthodox Church. The author noted the unchangeable teaching staff in the Trans-Siberian schools, a higher salary in comparison with schools of other departments. Attention is drawn to the annual increase in the number of students and the invariable percentage of graduates. The author gives a generalized description of the teaching and student staff of railway schools. In conclusion, it was noted that the experience of creating a departmental school network has shown positive results, contributing to the development of cross-border territories Keywords: Trans-Siberian Railway, Trans-Baikal section, school network, social sphere, school committee

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9

Kolpakov, Petr A. "Counteraction to the spread of anti-government publications on the railroads of Russia in the last quarter of the XIX - early XX century. On the materials of the gendarme railway police". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2024): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2024-1-179-192.

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The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the historical experience of countering the spread of revolutionary and anti-war literature within the steel highways of the Russian Empire in the last quarter of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Based on an analysis of the records of the gendarmerie railway police, two main directions of the gendarmes’ struggle with anti-government publications were identified - supervisory activities and obtaining information from secret informants. The importance of countering the spread of illegal publications on railways was determined by the concentration of passengers within their infrastructure. This struggle took on particular significance during the First World War, when the activity of agitators was aimed at instilling pacifist sentiments among the lower ranks and officers. Through the press, revolutionaries criticized the tsarist government and the decisions it made; discredited the imperial family and the ruling dynasties of countries allied with Russia. The Police Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs notified the railway gendarmerie police departments (GPUZD) about the admission of representatives of public organizations and publishing houses to railway stations. The legality of the activities of literature distributors was checked by gendarmerie officials. Often, agitators resorted to subterfuge, handing over revolutionary literature under covers that did not arouse suspicion. The supervision of the gendarmerie railway police also covered events held at mobile exhibition carriages and lecture carriages. The books and brochures given to their visitors were studied. The largest number of prohibited publications was identified during inspections of library bookcases located at railway stations. To discover hidden copies, it was allowed to send informants to librarians with a request to provide prohibited literature for reading. The provision of such a service by a librarian became the basis for a careful inspection of the institution entrusted to him. The interaction of railway gendarmes with informants was not limited to the supervision of libraries. Information was received from agents among the revolutionaries about cargoes of illegal literature transported by rail. The names of such cargo in the accompanying documentation were distorted by the senders. Cases of railway employees assisting in the transportation of revolutionary literature on trains were revealed. It was concluded that the gendarmerie implemented a wide range of measures aimed at suppressing the spread of harmful literature within the railway infrastructure entrusted to them. At the same time, the depth of the socio-political crisis in Russia, which ended with the destruction of the empire in 1917, did not allow the gendarmes to radically influence the spread of revolutionary agitation.

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Zhang, Huafeng, Changmao Qi y Mingyuan Ma. "Grid-Based Employee Safety Behavior Risk Assessment of the Train Operation Department". Processes 10, n.º 5 (5 de mayo de 2022): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10050913.

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In the train operation department, the most important and dynamic factor is that the department employees are involved in all areas. Realizing the dynamic control of “key person, key event, and key period” to fundamentally curb employee inertia violation is a significant issue that needs to be solved on the railway site. The traditional “probability–severity” two-dimensional risk assessment model is carried out from the perspective of the system, ignoring the spatiotemporal risk characteristics of the individual, and a large amount of hazard factor data generated in the operation process is not applied in the risk assessment process. As a result, safety behavior risk practice lacks pertinence, accuracy, and individuation. This study proposes a safety behavior risk assessment model based on the grid management and hazard factor assignment function to improve the traditional two-dimensional risk matrix. By introducing spatial location variables, the method accurately locates and classifies the site staff and organizes the disorder and lack of associated risk data with regard to time and space. With a focus on the hazard factor, the induced intensity is proposed for the first time and considered as the input of probability calculation to innovate the traditional “probability–severity” risk matrix. Finally, the methodology is applied to the risk event assessment of “the assistant watchman doesn’t appear as required” scenario in the Huangyangcheng station of Shenshuo Railway, and the evaluation results realize the personalized evaluation of the risk event in different cell grids.

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11

Loginova, Vera A., Yurii N. Kaskov, Gennadiy G. Onishchenko y Anna A. Klimova. "Priority nosologies in primary morbidity of railway transport workers and members of their families". Hygiene and sanitation 101, n.º 3 (8 de abril de 2022): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2022-101-3-303-310.

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Introduction. The development of classification and methods for ranking indicators characterizing the state of health of the population is an important direction of development of social and hygienic monitoring in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. Analytical, statistical and computational research methods were applied. Statistical materials of the Central Directorate of Health of Russian Railways “Indicators of the health status of employees of Russian Railways, non-working pensioners and the attached territorial population for 2015-2019 were used. The statistical materials of the Department of Monitoring, Analysis and Strategic Development of Health of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Central Research Institute for the Organization and Informatization of Health” of the Ministry of Health of Russia “Incidence of Adult Population of Russia” for 2015-2019 were also used. In total, more than 115 thousand indicators were analyzed by 18 classes of nosological forms for the five-year period 2015-2019. Results. The method of scoring priority classes of the primary morbidity of the population according to the criterion of changing the rate of incidence (quantitative criterion) over a time period, as well as according to the criterion of incidence levels compared to indicators in the country, has been developed. The method of scoring was tested on the primary incidence indicators of the attached contingent of Russian Railways compared to the indicators in the country. In the course of social management hygienic monitoring by priority classes of diseases was determined to attach the contingent of OJSC “Russian Railways” are diseases of the ear and mastoid process, diseases of the eye and its appendage apparatus, respiratory diseases. Limitations. During the scoring of priority nosologies of the primary incidence of railway transport workers and their families, more than 115 thousand indicators were analyzed for 18 classes of nosological forms for the five-year period 2015-2019, which is a sufficient reference sample. We did not analyzed the incidence of the children population attached to the medical organizations of Russian Railways; there was no analysis of incidence depending on sex; the reasons for the higher incidence of employees of Russian Railways and their families compared to the population of the Russian Federation for individual nosologies have not been identified. These criteria were not included in the tasks of this study and may be the subject of future researches. Conclusions. The developed method of scoring priority classes of primary morbidity of the population, tested on the example of railway transport workers and their families, can be used as one of the methods of classification and ranking of indicators characterizing the state of health of the population.

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Zubkova, E. A. y T. A. Karpeeva. "Scientific center “Express” of the JSC “VNIIZHT”: history and modernity". VNIIZHT Scientific Journal 80, n.º 4 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2021-80-4-240-248.

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The article reflects the most important areas of work of scientists and employees of the scientific center “Express” and their contribution to the formation and development of information technology since the founding in 1959 of the Department of computer science of the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Railway Transport and up to the present.Theoretical foundations of the application of transport cybernetics in the national economy of the country were created by Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR A. P. Petrov, who was one of the first to use mathematical methods and computing technology in solving transport problems and headed the development in this direction at the institute. The practical work on the creation of the first domestic automated system for selling tickets for trains, called “Express”, was headed by B. E. Marchuk.Since then, the “Express” system has transformed from a local ticketing system at the Kievsky railway terminal in Moscow into a powerful multifunctional international passenger traffic management system that interacts with the ticket reservation systems of European countries.Theoretical and practical developments carried out by the scientific center have resulted in the introduction of new information technologies in the Russian Railways holding and in the railway administrations of the member states of the Commonwealth.At present, the main activities of the staff of the scientific center are the creation of automated control system “Express” of a new generation (ACS “Express” NP) and the system of international integration of passenger transportation Express International.

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Volkov, Yyacheslav Victorovich. "Legal maintenance of labour market in special sectors of Russia’s industry in the late XIX - early XX centuries". Samara Journal of Science 6, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2017): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761209.

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The paper examines a legal aspect of the hiring of workers in special sectors of Russias industry in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The conclusion is that the adopted factory laws put some grounds of contract law in the framework of mutual relations of workers and employers, with many exemptions, however, which excluded the equality of the contracting parties. Unlike Western countries the trend subordination of all categories of workers to general labour legislation was less in Russia. General factory laws originally concerned only enterprises of Ministry of Finance. Railway, construction, shipping workers, workers of military enterprises remained outside the subordination of the Charter of the industry. In other government departments there was its own legal framework regulating the employment relationship. Employment and work conditions were better in the Navy and worse in enterprises of the Ministry of Railways. The Mining department made big progress in the development of labor legislation. It limited the advance recruitment, hired well-organized cooperatives, banned the labor of women and children at night, it limited a working day to eight hours, established direct material plant responsible for the accuracy of the contractor in the payment of workers wages, allowed the establishment of special mining and metallurgical associations (partnerships). In general the legal maintenance of labour market in special sectors of Russian industry in the late XIX - early XX centuries was more organized and had better workers social protection than the main industry of Russia.

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Nazarenko, I. L. y M. McKay Hoppman. "MAIN PRIORITIY AREAS AND PROBLEMS OF UKRZALIZNYTSIA’S DIGITALIZATION". Вісник економіки транспорту і промисловості, n.º 78-79 (5 de octubre de 2022): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18664/btie.78-79.282653.

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In this paper we have outlined the main priority areas in digitalization of Ukrzaliznytsia according to the ones stated by the Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies in Vienna declaration, and also analyzed the current situation regarding digitalization in Ukrainian railway transport in each of these areas. The priority areas are Smart technical operations, Smart infrastructure, Smart freight and passenger transport, Smart ticketing, and Smart human resources. There are a few projects implemented by Ukrzaliznytsia (such as tracking rolling stock in real time with the help of the Internet of things, digital ticket, updating the automated "Monthly Plan" system, creating an electronic client's office, modernizing the customer service call center, etc.) and several ones which are in progress. Smart human resources appeared to be the less developed area in which there are no relevant projects, only regular professional development courses provided once in 4 years. Therefore we suggested digitalization of HR departments so that their specialists will be able to deal with great amount of employees’ documents more efficiently and therefore, boost effectiveness of dealing with personnel. Moreover, it might bring to life a shift to transparency, e.g. transparent application and recruitment process, transparent remuneration and feedback. But we should admit that a great problem connected with nepotism and corruption makes aforementioned shift highly unlikely and this is an urgent problem to cope with. Also, we have identified main problems impeding digitalization in Ukrzaliznytsia with the help of a cause-effect diagram (Ishikawa diagram). They appeared to be caused by financial factors (lack of investments), human factors (ineffective staff motivation and manager’s reluctance to change), technical factors (insufficient technical level of fixed asset) and organizational factors (no system approach to digitalization). To our mind, the crucial one that should be solved first is manager’s reluctance to change (due to corruption and outdated mindsets). It explains the absence of official Strategy or Programme of digitalization in Ukrzaliznytsia and consequently, a relevant department in its structure. Should this great obstacle be overcome, others will be solvable, especially with the help of European railways, as it is promised in Vienna Declaration on commitment to support Ukrainian Railways. The results obtained in the paper can be used in further research in this realm, particularly in working out Strategy of digitalization for Ukrzaliznystia.

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Groshevaya, Viktoriya K. "THE ACTIVITIES OF THE DONBASS CRIMINAL STAFF EMPLOYEES TO COMBAT CRIME ON RAILWAY TRANSPORT IN THE 1940S". Vestnik of Kostroma State University, n.º 3 (2020): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2020-26-3-213-220.

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The article is devoted to the features of activity of criminal investigators of the Donbass for railway crime control in the 1940s. In the first years of the Soviet power there were no dramatic changes in railway crime development. However, in the years before World War II criminal activity in railway transport intensified significantly. Operational employees of the railway militia became to be responsible for the results of the fight against specific types of crimes, mainly against the most dangerous of them. In turn this required them to study in more depth the nature and dynamics of crime, as well as improve preventive and operational-search activities. Wherein special attention was paid to improving the quality of the intelligence work of the transport police and the timely removal of the criminal element penetrating the transport. Significant efforts were made in organising a system of counteraction to banditry, reflecting various aspects of the fight against organised crime. During the World War II in the Donbass territory the main task facing employees of the internal affairs bodies in transport was to combat sabotage and attacks on trains and also other crimes related to inventory theft offences. At the same time, the tactics of the operational units of the criminal investigation department of the transport militia were formed and laid.

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Zhang, Huafeng, Changmao Qi y Mingyuan Ma. "Improved Employee Safety Behavior Risk Assessment of the Train Operation Department Based on Grids". Processes 10, n.º 6 (9 de junio de 2022): 1162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061162.

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In the train operation department, humans are the most important and dynamic element, and their safe behavior is directly related to the safety of railway transportation. How to accurately assess the safety behavior risk of on-site workers is an urgent problem to be solved. In risk practice, some scholars directly use the accident potential data to calculate the risk parameters, and the accuracy of the risk magnitude is greatly affected by the data quality. Second, the traditional two-dimensional matrix only considers two external factors, probability and severity, without an in-depth analysis of the inherent vulnerability of risk, resulting in low accuracy of risk assessment. With a focus on the hazard factor, this study proposes a three-dimensional risk assessment approach based on grid management to carry out a personalized risk assessment of grid events. Through the grid division, the method can accurately identify the risk events of employees in any cell grid at a certain moment in the “grids-events-time” three-dimensional coordinate system, providing modeling support for personalized risk assessment. Then, a “probability-severity-vulnerability” three-dimensional risk assessment model is constructed. In this model, the probability is obtained by the induced intensity assignment function of the hazard factor, the vulnerability is obtained by the coupling strength assignment function of the hazard factor, and the severity of a single risk event is given a constant value. On this basis, the risk magnitude is determined by the “sum” algorithm of the three risk parameters. This methodology solves the problems of incomplete consideration of risk parameters and insufficient accuracy of quantitative analysis of risk magnitude in the previous risk assessment process and realizes the personalized and dynamic assessment of risk events of the train operation department. Finally, the methodology is applied to the risk event assessment of “the assistant watchman does not appear as required” at Huangyangcheng station of the Shenshuo Railway, and the evaluation results show that the risk magnitude of different elements in the same cell grid has an obvious individual difference, which fully embodies the advantages of grid risk assessment.

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Arshad, Muhammad, Chen Kun Yu, Aneela Qadir, Waqar Ahmad y Muhammad Rafique. "The impact of big data analytics on organizational sustainability: The influencing factors of autonomous research and development and absorptive capacity". International Journal of Engineering Business Management 14 (enero de 2022): 184797902211415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/18479790221141537.

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This study aims to see how the big data analytics capability (BDAC) and its dimensions affect the absorptive capacity and autonomous R&D of high-speed railways. As well as their impact on the organization’s long-term sustainability, using the mediation of absorptive capacity and autonomy in R&D. Employees and the heads of the planning, HR, R&D, and technical departments of high-speed railways were polled for information. For data analysis, we used PLS-SEM, and then we employed mediation analysis. BDAC increases the organization’s ability to tolerate change and gives management instructions on making decisions. This study adds to the body of knowledge on absorptive capacity development and autonomy over R&D activities by investigating the role of BDAC in the long-term development of high-speed trains.

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Mamkina, Inna N. "The Socio-Cultural Aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's Activities". Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, n.º 468 (2021): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/15.

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The article draws attention to the sociocultural aspect of the Siberian Railway Committee's activities in the early twentieth century. Historiographic analysis showed a research interest in the status of the Committee in the context of the organization of management of the Russian Empire's Eastern outskirts. Taking into account the broad powers of the Siberian Railway Committee, the author notes isolated studies of the social aspect in its activities. The aim of this publication is an attempt to create a holistic view of the activities of the Committee for the implementation of social tasks aimed at improving the life of railway employees at the TransBaikal section of the railway in the early twentieth century. The study was conducted on the basis of the documentation of the Siberian Railway Committee. A number of documents are introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. Based on the structural and functional approach, using a set of historical research methods, it has been revealed that, after the commissioning of the Trans-Baikal section of the Siberian Railway, considerable attention was paid to solve sociocultural problems aimed at improving the life of railway employees. The preparatory commission chaired by A.N. Kulomzina and the Main School Committee implemented social programs. The author has defined the procedure for the formation of the committee, its structure, and principles of its activity. For the first time, personal data of the school committee's members elected on the Trans-Baikal Railway are introduced into scholarly discourse. The information of the committee's activities of the opening and maintenance of primary schools at railway stations has been summarized. The obtained statistics convincingly prove the effectiveness of the committee in the field of school education. The author notes that the Siberian Railway Committee achieved a very successful development of the school network by applying administrative and financial efforts. The author, for the first time, provides data on the organization of libraries and public convocations for the employees on the Trans-Baikal Railway. She draws attention to the organization of medical care for the employees; establishes the organization order and types of medical institutions; generalizes information about the staff of hospitals and obstetric centers, and the number of patients. The author concludes that the Siberian Railway Committee had an organized and balanced approach to solving sociocultural problems that occupied an important place in its activities. The Siberian Railway Committee's social programs in a number of areas were ahead of those of other government departments.

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19

Kirsanova, M. V. y T. V. Mashtanova. "A way of 100 years". Transport Technician: Education and Practice 3, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2022): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2022.4.461-465.

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Novosibirsk College of Transport Technologies named after N.A. Lunin celebrates a centenary. All implemented professional educational programs have successfully passed professional and public accreditation, and the college has passed the procedure for independent assessment of the quality of the conditions for the implementation of educational activities. Every year the college graduates over 300 specialists, of which at least 90 % are employed at the enterprises of the West Siberian Railway.For high performance in the training of young specialists, the college was awarded diplomas and letters of thanks from the administration of the Novosibirsk Region, the management of Russian Railways and the West Siberian Railway. Repeatedly, the educational institution became the winner of the Interregional competition “Enterprise of the Year of Siberia” and the city competition “Novosibirsk Mark”, the college was listed on the Board of Honor of Novosibirsk.Currently, 1,235 students study at the college full-time, including 350 in the Baraba branch. Every year more than 1,000 people improve their qualifi cations, undergo training and retraining at the vocational training department. Consistently high indicators of the quality of education have been achieved: the state task for the admission of students, the safety of the contingent, and employment is carried out annually.

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20

Verkhovsky, N. P. "About the Book «Railway Confusion» by N. P. Verkhovsky. Part 1". World of Transport and Transportation 19, n.º 6 (23 de julio de 2022): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2021-19-6-12.

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P. Verkhovsky, an experienced railway manager, wrote a book entitled «Railway Confusion» and devoted to comprehensive solution of a wide range of topical problems of organisation of the activity of railway companies. In 1910, he presented the book in a special report to the 8th Department pf the Imperial Russian Technical Society. The report was positioned as a focused review of the contents of the oeuvre. Extracts from the first part of the report published below are dedicated to the detailed and argued reflexions of the author on the requirements for the educational background of engineers and railway CEOs. If we use modern terminology, then the speaker highlighted career trajectory more suitable to finally occupy the position of managers, development of professional and soft skills, leadership and team building, the role of railway high educational institutions, mainstream issues to be included into curricula. Then the speaker refers to almost comprehensive set of issues referring to staff management and social policy towards the employees. The issues covered included organisation of railway education, high and higher school activities, social care regarding railwaymen’s children, health and many other aspects.The final part will be published in one of the next issues of our journal.

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21

Tucholski, Zbigniew. "Wydawnictwa Techniczne Ministerstwa Komunikacji (1934–1939; 1946–1948)". Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 5 (15 de septiembre de 2020): 273–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2011.279.

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The article deals with the beginnings of the Polish railway technological literature during the interwar period. It discusses the historical and typographical issues of the series entitled Wydawnictwa Techniczne Ministerstwa Komunikacji (The Technical Publications of the Ministry of Communication), opened in 1935, by the monograph Hamulce kolejowe (Railway Brakes) by eng. Mieczysław Zabłocki. During the years 1935–1939, there appeared twenty volumes in the series. Most of them were related to the technological issues of railway construction and development, although one dealt with air transportation, and one with installing and operating cable car lines (aerial tramways). World War II brought an abrupt end to the publishing of the series, but it was revived with the second edition of Zabłocki’smonograph of railway braeks in 1946. Through 1948 twelve volumes were published; once again chiefly concerned with railway technology. The only exception was the collective publication edited by eng. Tadeusz Tillinger entitled Drogi wodne (The Waterways). Both during the interwar period and after the Second World War, the volumes comprising the series Technical Publications of the Ministry of Communication were an important source of specialized information for railway employees in Poland. The work on the series within the Ministry of Communication also stimulated publishing activities of the appropriate ministerial departments.

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22

Zhang, Tongyu, Xuewei Li y Xueyan Li. "Research on the Causes and Transmission Mechanisms of Railway Engineering Safety Risks". Applied Sciences 14, n.º 7 (25 de marzo de 2024): 2739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14072739.

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In recent years, railway safety accidents have repeatedly occurred. Any omission in the process of management or operation can easily have very serious consequences. This study aimed to examine the causes and transmission mechanisms of safety risks in railway engineering departments. First, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm was employed to determine the key risk factors, allowing for indicator screening that was in line with the requirements of practical applications. Then, Bayesian networks were used, and their structure was optimized to analyze the propagation diagnosis and probability of key risk indicators, obtaining the causal logic chain that produces accidents and, from that, the four aspects (human, machine, environment, management) of the corresponding prevention of risk recommendations. Finally, in this article, it is shown that combining the indicators and Bayesian networks can improve the accuracy of risk prediction and provide more accurate results than using existing research and, hence, it can fill the gap in research on railway safety risks in risk transmission mechanisms.

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23

Mokrousov, V. N., S. S. Kozlov y V. Yu Kravtsov. "IN MEMORIAM OF VALENTIN PETROVICH SHCHERBINA". Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 19, n.º 2 (15 de diciembre de 2017): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12185.

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The 85th anniversary of Valentin Petrovich Shcherbina was on the 17th of July 2017. He started scientific investigations as a student of the Faculty of training Medics for the Land and Missile Forces. After his admission to the Department of Biology and Medical Parasitology, Valentin Petrovich was busy with teaching activity. In 1972 after the defense of the thesis he became assistant professor. Since 1976, being the head of the department, he reconstructed Department’ Museum. He organized scientific expeditions to South Caucasus and Middle Asia. Department’ employees traveled to the region of the Baikal-Amur Railway for studying vectors and parasites. Valentin Petrovich was the first military-medical parasitologist who visited areas of military units’ deployment. For many years V. P. Shcherbina was a permanent chairman of Parasitologe Society of Leningrad. He is an author of several hundred textbooks, articles and methodical guides, the supervisor of many candidate and doctoral dissertations.

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24

Shipilova, Yu V., N. G. Smirnyh, O. Yu Kozlova y L. V. Kurchevskaya. "Targeted training in the system of secondary vocational education of Roszheldor. Organization of work, prospects, problems". Transport Technician: Education and Practice 4, n.º 3 (9 de septiembre de 2023): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2023.3.253-258.

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The training of graduates of secondary vocational education for JSC “Russian Railways” in targeted training at the branch of the RSTU in Voronezh was analyzed.The main results of the study are presented, the features of the organization of targeted training, based on many years of experience, are noted. An assessment is made of the need to select applicants for targeted training by the structural divisions of Russian Railways. The eff ectiveness of targeted training based on the results of graduation from the department of secondary vocational education of the RSTU branch in Voronezh over the past three years is shown. Of the total number of graduates with a target area, 100 % are employed in divisions of Russian Railways. Graduates who studied under targeted contracts are 100 % fi xed in their places of work.The branch attaches great importance to vocational guidance work with schoolchildren. The branch of RSTU in Voronezh became a participant in an experiment on the development, testing and implementation of a new educational technology for designing educational programs for secondary vocational education within the framework of the federal project “Professionalitet”. Currently, active work is underway to prepare for the implementation of this line of activity by the branch with the participation of industry enterprises.The factors of interaction between an educational institution of secondary vocational education, subordinated to Roszheldor, and an employer to improve the targeted training of graduates of secondary vocational education are considered.

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25

Koroleva, Anna M. y Oksana S. Sachkova. "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor activity of passenger car employees, considering psychophysiological indicators". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 60, n.º 11 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 804–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2020-60-11-804-806.

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Introduction. The article presents research materials on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor activity, conducted during the period of active development of the epidemic spread around the world. The aim of study is to analyze the labor activity of employees during the pandemic, taking into account psychophysiological indicators. Materials and methods. Comparative analysis of questionnaire data (used the questionnaire developed by the teachers of the Department "Management of safety in technosphere" Russian University of transport) railway workers during a pandemic COVID-19, considered the issues of psychological state, but also studied a stress level of employees and predicting the impact of a pandemia on the state of mental health of railway workers. 50 female guides took part in the survey, most of them were women (about 70%) with continuous work experience in this profession. Results. Guides generally adequately assess the health risk of COVID-19 exposure. However, there are several people who "underestimate the risk of exposure to the factor" (about 20%), and their number has increased during the period of lifting the quarantine. Comparative analysis showed that during the quarantine period, employees felt psychoemotional stress, increased the number of anxieties, depression, and nervous disorders. The obtained data confirm the expediency of further research in this direction, the need to normalize the work of employees in the context of the development of the pandemia and the preservation of their health. Conclusions. It is necessary to wait and make every effort to fight COVID-19. It is also necessary to control the psychological state, if you ignore the fear of employees that they may become infected, then this may open up diseases of a different nature.

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26

Davydov, Alexander Yu. "Revolutionary Military Railway Tribunals in Northwestern Russia". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 68, n.º 2 (2023): 353–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu02.2023.204.

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This article discusses aspects of activities and social functions of the revolutionary military railway tribunals, which operated in 1920–1923. The novelty of the research is ensured by the lack of attention to this theme in historiography and the involvement of a wide range of sources which have not been previously introduced into the scholarship. The author focuses on the activities of the railway tribunals in four railway networks: the United North-Western Roads (Warsaw and Baltic directions), the Petrograd part of the Moscow-Vindava-Rybinsk network, Nikolaevskaii railway network (the prospective October railway), and Murmansk network. Three revolutionary military railway tribunals operated there. The author, for the first time in historiography, describes the reasons and the process of organizing the latter, their staff composition, and the forms of their work that changed at different stages. The emphasis is placed on the emergency powers of employees of these departments and the tasks assigned to them which was manifested in almost unlimited freedom of the members of the tribunals in administering justice in the “interests of the revolution”. The article presents an original perspective on the process of the controversial activity of the transport tribunals. The study reveals a conflict between their urgent task to restore labor discipline, on the one hand, and practical activities aimed at indulging the avant-garde class, on the other hand. The author comes to the conclusion that the tribunals, first of all, sought to unite the proletarian collectives around the Communist Party. Managers’ enthusiasm for an ideological project led them away from reality. In the final part of the article, it is proved that during the period of new economic policy, the activities of the revolutionary tribunals lost their extraordinary character. They ceased tocorrespond to their purpose and, in fact, turned into people’s courts, being abolished in 1923.

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27

Kumar, Vijay y V. Naga Malleswari. "Improvement of facility layout design using Systematic Layout planning methodology". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, n.º 1 (1 de agosto de 2022): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012089.

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Abstract A plant layout design is one of the essential tasks for improving industry performance and the wellbeing of the production process. Kharagpur railway station is one of the biggest railway stations in INDIA, and the motorcoach shop is one of the workshops for the maintenance and repairing of the coaches. This workshop consists of the various department for serving the purpose of repairing works. Around ninety employees work for maintenance which comes for repair and maintenance work. It observed that the working area spread through the space and did not utilize it to the maximum extent, and material flows are not systematic. This study aims to redesign the facility layout of the motorcoach shop using Systematic Layout Planning (SLP) to maximize the utilization area and reduce idle space. Two design alternatives were proposed and compared the performance of each design with the initial layout. Based on the calculation of total area facility layout chosen since proposed layout able to improve the utilization by 30% and material flow rate by 20%.

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28

Drutsko, N. A. "Teaching a second foreign language in transport higher education institution". Herald of the Ural State University of Railway Transport, n.º 1 (2022): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2079-0392-2022-1-102-111.

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The article discusses the issue of teaching a second foreign language in a transport university on the example of the experience of teaching students English after German. Comprehensive integration processes, the formation of a common information space between countries, the movement towards a single world economy - all this formulates a new request to a modern specialist in any field of activity. He should not only have knowledge, skills and abilities in his field, but also be able to apply them in multilingual communication. In a situation where the number of contacts between different ethnic groups is steadily increasing, the need for knowledge of foreign languages increases in direct proportion. Currently, students are already aware that foreign languages significantly increase the level of their competence not only in professional activities, but also in personal life, and open up a huge range of new opportunities. Speaking of railway specialists, it is difficult to overestimate the importance of knowledge of foreign languages. Firstly, thanks to globalization, the number of foreigners who are not afraid to travel independently and often use railway in their routes has increased greatly. If a few decades ago such a choice was rather an exception, now with the level of technology development, tourists increasingly prefer independent acquaintance with another country to package comfortable tours. In this situation, railway workers without knowledge of a foreign language will not be able to use their competence to perform work. Secondly, the expansion of professional cooperation also involves close contacts with specialists from other countries. Exchange of experience, international competitions and conferences, scientific activities - all this requires multilingual communication. In addition, having a high level of knowledge of a foreign language increases the value of an employee for large international companies. Speaking about the epidemiological situation of recent years, lockdown and the transition to remote work, we tend to emphasize even more the importance of foreign language proficiency. After all, while communicating by phone and online with clients and partners from other countries, we are much more limited in nonverbal communication, and therefore we rely even more on our level of a foreign language. Over the past few decades, the issues of teaching a second foreign language have become the subject of research by many domestic and foreign specialists. The theoretical foundations and the concept of multilingual education at school and university have been developed. The Department of Foreign Languages and Intercultural Communications of the Ural State University of Railways Transport is actively engaged in the issues of scientific and methodological support of a multilingual approach to learning. The teachers of the department developed a «Practical course of a second foreign language» and published a manual «English after German: theory and practice of English as a second foreign language after German». The article substantiates the expediency of using foreign teaching materials on the one hand and the need to create manuals that prepare students for the perception of the educational material of authentic textbooks. The author focuses on the theoretical analysis of the fundamental principles of FL2 learning: communicative-cognitive, the principle of intensification, the principle of thoroughness, comparative (contrastive) principle, the principle of independence, the principle of self-efficacy.

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29

Munusamy, K. "A STUDY ON JOB SATISFACTION OF EMPLOYEES WITH THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IN CO-OPERATIVE SECTOR". International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, n.º 6(SE) (30 de junio de 2016): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i6(se).2016.2663.

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The Information Technology (IT) must be an integral part of our life and organization strategy. IT needs are increasing day by day and today every person is intending to be IT oriented. Today in big organization IT can be applied in Production, Marketing, Accounting, Finance, Operation Management, Customer Services, Stocking, flow of goods, Human Resource Management (HRM) etc., Today, small enterprises and petty shops also apply IT on a scale according to their need. At present day, IT wings have embraced various departments such as Railway, Transport, Health care services, Educational institutions, Postal services, Banks, Co-operative department, supermarkets etc. There is greater need for use of IT in co-operative sugar mills. IT in co-operative banks is sine quo non to bring about a favorable change in the climate and culture of this bank. IT solutions can help us take problems in core areas of governance and co-operative banks. IT has a lot of influence on Co-operative banks. The success of IT in co-operative banks depends upon the awareness of employees about the same. They make very limited use of IT. The employees are also not trained in IT. Role of IT in co-operation, there is no study on the opinion of the employees on the use of IT, various problems in selected hardware and software and factors influencing in co-operative banks. It is based on survey of the opinions of employees on the IT, various problems in selected hardware and software and factors influencing the same. This questionnaire contained questions relating to the extent of their satisfaction and benefits of using IT in co-operative banks. 350 employees co-operative banks have been selected at random using lots from the list of employees provided by the respective co-operative banks. This study is an attempt to use of IT in co-operative banks in Salem district. The study highlights the benefits derived by the co-operative banks employees in IT co-operative banks operations. The study will also help to improve the performance of co-operative banks.

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30

Golovin, E. А. "Features of the Functioning of Transport Healthcare in 1945–1950 (Based on the Materials of the South-Eastern Railway)". Proceedings of Southwest State University. Series: History and Law 13, n.º 4 (6 de octubre de 2023): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1501-2023-13-4-149-162.

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The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the social significance of the successful functioning of the system of medical care for citizens to preserve and restore their health. The experience of departmental medical institutions in the previous periods of national history makes it possible to use it rationally in modern conditions along with the services of state and commercial medicine. In scientific terms, the history of the medical and sanitary service of railway transport has not yet been properly developed, as a result of which the study of the declared topic can contribute to the concretization of knowledge about the evolution and problems of the development of domestic healthcare.The purpose of the study is to reveal the features of the post–war restoration of the activities of medical and sanitary institutions of the South-Eastern Railway on the basis of archival documents and periodical press materials.Objectives: to characterize the dynamics of the development of the network of medical and sanitary institutions on the South-Eastern Railway in 1945-1950; to identify the main activities of railway medicine in the period under study; to consider the current problems of the functioning of the industry and ways to solve them.Methodology. The research was based on the principles of objectivity and historicism. To solve the tasks set by the author, the methods of historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-comparative, typological, retrospective were used.Results. The study of the main activities of medical and sanitary institutions on railway transport made it possible to present in historical retrospect the features of providing medical care by means of the sectoral healthcare system, which had a certain autonomy and mobility in servicing the entrusted contingent of employees and their family members.Conclusions. During the five post-war years, the transport healthcare system that operated on the South-Eastern Railway restored full efficiency, having managed to improve the material and technical equipment of medical institutions in difficult conditions and strengthen their personnel potential, which positively affected the quality of medical care.

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31

Ilizarov, S. S. "MOVING TO THE FUTURE BY STUDYING THE PAST: ON THE COURSE IN THE HISTORY OF TRANSPORT IN RUSSIA". World of Transport and Transportation 17, n.º 5 (7 de junio de 2020): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-5-332-336.

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The history of transport in Russia: Textbook. Ed. by T. L. Pashkova. Moscow, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Vocational Education «Training Methodological Center for Railway Education», 2019, 380 р. ISBN 978-5-907055-03-2. The peer-reviewed textbook is dedicated to the history of origination and development of all modes of transport in Russia. Its main goal is to show evolution historical process of development of technological progress in the transport sector. It is intended for the 1st and 2nd year students of higher education institutions training personnel for transport industry. The publication may be useful to researchers, Ph.D. students, employees of ministries and departments, as well as to a wide circle of readers, whose attention is drawn to the history of transport and of the transport industry.

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32

Shalamov, V. A. "The Management System of Medical Institutions of the Russian Empire of the Late 19th – Early 20th Centurу (on the Example of Eastern Siberia)". Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 38 (2021): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2021.38.52.

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The medical sphere of Eastern Siberia was distinguished by a number of features. As for the entire Russian Empire, it was characterized by an extremely large number of departments and organizations that had their own medical organization. In Siberia, there was no zemstvo, which allowed archaic institutions to survive in the form of public charity decree and rural medical units, which were criticized for their inefficiency. City governments were reluctant to develop medical facilities, which encouraged private initiative. There were independent medical institutions for employees of the railway, water transport, mining departments, the cabinet of his Imperial Majesty, the army and the Trans-Baikal Cossacks. Siberia was the land of hard labor and exile, which provoked the emergence of medical institutions in prisons and in hard labor. The agrarian reform of P. A. Stolypin contributed to the resettlement of peasants to the east, including to Eastern Siberia. Medical services were created especially for them both on the way to Siberia and at the places of their new residence. In the cities, a number of public organizations (the Russian Red Cross Society, the Society of Doctors, the All-Russian League against Tuberculosis) created their own medical institutions.

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33

Ivanov, I. A., A. A. Vorobyov, N. Yu Shadrina y I. Yu Novoselsky. "Development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the department “Ground Transport and Technological Complexes”". Transport Technician: Education and Practice 5, n.º 2 (17 de junio de 2024): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2024.2.152-160.

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The scientific article reflects the main stages of the historical development of the scientific and pedagogical school of the cycle “Technology of structural metals. Materials Science”, which is one of the areas of the department “Ground transport and technological complexes”. Employees of the department made a significant contribution to solving practical problems in assessing the effectiveness of existing technological processes for restoring the tread surface profile of wheel pairs of wheels, the proposed processes of face milling and turning when restoring the wheel rim profile, including the use of preliminary induction annealing to improve machinability, optimization of cutting conditions wheels based on linear and nonlinear programming methods. A large amount of research and implementation work has been carried out to improve the repair technology and increase the reliability of the wheel-motor unit of rail crews of railway rolling stock. Issues related to surfacing operations during repairs and increasing the wear resistance of deposited surfaces were considered.At the same time, the teachers of the department conduct training sessions on disciplines at a high methodological level, without which it is impossible to imagine a modern engineer.Over the years of work of the cycle “Technology of Structural Metals. Materials Science” a large number of textbooks, teaching aids, guidelines and manuals on laboratory work and course design, as well as collections of scientific papers, articles and monographs on the main areas of research work were published.The historical digression presented in this article gives an idea of the scientific potential of the department accumulated over many years, which can serve as a reliable basis for further development of new scientific directions.

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34

Borndörfer, Ralf, Thomas Eßer, Patrick Frankenberger, Andreas Huck, Christoph Jobmann, Boris Krostitz, Karsten Kuchenbecker et al. "Deutsche Bahn Schedules Train Rotations Using Hypergraph Optimization". INFORMS Journal on Applied Analytics 51, n.º 1 (febrero de 2021): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/inte.2020.1069.

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Deutsche Bahn (DB) operates a large fleet of rolling stock (locomotives, wagons, and train sets) that must be combined into trains to perform rolling stock rotations. This train composition is a special characteristic of railway operations that distinguishes rolling stock rotation planning from the vehicle scheduling problems prevalent in other industries. DB models train compositions using hyperarcs. The resulting hypergraph models are addressed using a novel coarse-to-fine method that implements a hierarchical column generation over three levels of detail. This algorithm is the mathematical core of DB’s fleet employment optimization (FEO) system for rolling stock rotation planning. FEO’s impact within DB’s planning departments has been revolutionary. DB has used it to support the company’s procurements of its newest high-speed passenger train fleet and its intermodal cargo locomotive fleet for crossborder operations. FEO is the key to successful tendering in regional transport and to construction site management in daily operations. DB’s planning departments appreciate FEO’s high-quality results, ability to reoptimize (quickly), and ease of use. Both employees and customers benefit from the increased regularity of operations. DB attributes annual savings of 74 million euro, an annual reduction of 34,000 tons of CO2 emissions, and the elimination of 600 coupling operations in crossborder operations to the implementation of FEO.

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35

Demyanenko, Nikolay N. "Attitude of the official Russian authorities to Bulgarian subjects after the declaration of war in October 1915 on the example of employees of the Russian Railway Construction Department". History of Everyday Life, n.º 2 (2023): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35231/25422375_2023_2_37.

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36

Plekhanova, Anna y Aldar Shirapov. "“The Department Was Buzzing with Activity Day and Night...»” from the History of the Temporary Branch of the State Bankin Verkhneudinsk, 1894-1905". Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 22, n.º 2 (7 de junio de 2021): 322–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2021.22(2).322-342.

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The article examines the history of the temporary branch of the State Bank of the Russian Empire in Verkhneudinsk on the basis of archival documents found in the State Archive of the Republic of Buryatia and the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region, published sources and literature. The reasons for setting up a bank office on the territory of Western Transbaikal are identified, primarily due to the need to provide credit and financial services during the «most outstanding» Verkhneudinskaya Winter Fair with a turnover of more than two million rubles. The role of the director of the Irkutsk branch of the State Bank A. M. Mikhailovsky in the foundation and subsequent activities of the banking department is determined. The work of bank employees in providing typical banking services to the population of the region (lending, accounting for bills of exchange, making money transfers, accepting deposits) is analyzed, and the dynamics of credit and financial transactions is revealed. The influence exerted by the activities of the temporary branch on the economic development of Western Transbaikal and, in particular, on the formation of its banking system is established. The reasons for the short history of the branch and its closure are revealed, the main of which was the decline of the fair trade caused by the construction of the railway line.

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37

Golikov, A. I. "Memories of the medical faculty". Kazan medical journal 75, n.º 3 (15 de marzo de 1994): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj89951.

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In August 1919, I came to Kazan from the wilderness of the Penza province (b. Chembarsky district, now Belinsky district of the Penza region, 50 km from the railway station), because in the spring of that year I applied to Kazan University with a request to enroll me in the mathematical department of physics. For admission to students, it was enough to submit documents on graduation from a secondary educational institution (gymnasium, real school). Not finding myself among those accepted for physical education, I began to look through other lists and to my surprise found myself among those who entered the medical faculty. Turning to the Secretary for Student Affairs (Muravtsev), he received in response: "Next time you will write more legibly." The secretary refused to include me in the list of those enrolled in physical education and said: "You will re-enroll next year." There were no funds for the return trip, nor did I see any sense in it. Having taken a job as a clerk-accountant in the mechanical sub-department of the Road Department of the Kazan Committee of State Structures (Komgosoor), I diligently began to attend lectures both at the physics department and at the medical faculty. In early December, he was mobilized and served as a Red Army soldier in the 5th reserve regiment in the October Barracks of Kazan (student battalion). In 1920, I was seconded to fight the epidemic of typhus, smallpox, cholera and other infections in Yelabuga, Krasnokokshaysky (now Mari El), Menze-liiskiy and other cantons of the Kazan province. At the same time I worked as an employee of the newspaper "Banner of the Revolution", where at that time the editor was V. Bakhmetyev. In the autumn of 1920, together with other students, on the basis of a resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense (SRT), I was reinstated in the 1st year of the medical faculty of KSU.

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38

Asher, Robert. "Experience Counts: British Workers, Accident Prevention and Compensation, and the Origins of the Welfare State". Journal of Policy History 15, n.º 4 (octubre de 2003): 359–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0022.

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This article examines the views of Britain's organized railway, mining, and engineering workers (machinists) and their union leaders about state involvement in workplace accident prevention (1876–97), accident compensation (1876–1911), and the 1911 National Insurance Act. The miners and the railwaymen left numerous comments on these topics because they labored in unusually hazardous trades. (Their unions were large and were relatively democratic.) After 1880, leaders of the miners and railwaymen concluded that it was problematic to rely solely on trade union workplace bargaining power to protect worker life and limb and to compensate injured workers for their economic losses. Faced with what was initially seen as a Hobson's choice between employer compulsion and state compulsion, after the mid-1880s these trade unionists began to lean toward the latter. Historical experience led the trade union leaders whose views are discussed in this article to trust increasingly the Labor Department of the Board of Trade and to endorse Liberal welfare-state programs proposed in 1908 and thereafter. In 1911 the rank-and-file machinists who expressed their views about National Insurance in letters to the labor press were suspicious of augmenting the power of the state, but they were unwilling to scuttle National Insurance, preferring to agitate to expand union rights of participation. Worker opposition tosomefeatures of state-mandated income maintenance programs, especially those with compulsory payroll deductions, should not be interpreted as rejection of the welfare state in principle.

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39

Kovalenko, N., I. Rosenberg y V. Tsvetkov. "UC aims system in the management of the economic activities of the track complex of JSC "Russian railways"". E3S Web of Conferences 376 (2023): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337604001.

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The analysis of the structure of the UC AIMS and the interrelation of its subsystems is carried out. The perspective of the development of the UC AIMS system by creating a Situational Control Center for ordering and consolidating the interaction of various control subsystems included in the overall structure is considered. The activity of the situation center allows to reduce the workload of employees of departments and the audit apparatus, resulting in a reduction in production costs, improvement of quality indicators, as well as obtaining a certain economic effect. The UC AIMS information and analytical system is aimed at improving the level of technical condition of the track and infrastructure in good condition. The creation of a unified information environment is aimed at increasing reliability and optimizing costs when planning travel work. The creation of a Situational Center is aimed at dividing the initial information into true and false at the stage of its preliminary analysis before the start of calculations. This separation will allow us to consider the stage of preparation for computational iterations in automatic mode. This can significantly reduce the number of calculated iterations performed (approximately by 3-5%), by reducing the time for processing the array of source data and increase the efficiency of the information and analytical unit of the UC AIMS system (approximately by 6-10%).

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40

Haliv, M. D. y A. O. Ohar. "The documentary evidence of the deportation of Germans from the territory of Stanislav region of Ukraine (1946)". SUMY HISTORICAL AND ARCHIVAL JOURNAL, n.º 35 (2020): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/shaj.2020.i35.p.31.

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The article publishes and analyzes the documents of the Soviet special services on the deportation of the group of Germans from Stanislav region (October–December 1946). Eight documents presented in this article demonstrate the circumstances of the deportation of a large group of Germans from the territory of Stanislav region of Ukrainian SSR in late 1946. These documents are stored in the State Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine. These are official correspondence between the heads of institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (MIA) at various levels. The first of these documents is the report of one of the executives of the Department of the MIA in Stanislav region, Hrytsenko, on the case of the registration of Germans in Stanislav region who are subject to resettlement. It was reported that 38 German families (34 men, 51 women, 70 children under the age of 16) live in the Dolyna district of Stanislav region – a total of 155 people. They allegedly fled with the German Army as early as 1944, but were intercepted by Red Army and sent home. The Soviet authorities planned to send them to a special settlement in Aktubinsk region of Russia, but temporarily used this group of Germans to build a railway station. The Document № 3 is very important. The telegram was sent from Moscow to Kyiv on November 14, 1946, ordering the German families from Stanislav region of the USSR to be sent to a special settlement in the Mary Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in Russia. They were to be handed over to the Suslonger Forestry, which was a structural part of the “Marybumles” Trust. Personal farms and cattle were allowed to be sold. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were obliged to find the required number of vans for the deportation of Germans. The conditions for organizing the deportation of these German families are disclosed in other documents. In the end, according to L. Pastelnyak, the Deputy Head of the Anti-Banditry Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in Stanislav region (document № 8), the echelon with the Germans was sent from the Dolyna station on December 29, 1946. Unfortunately, we do not know the circumstances of transporting the group of Germans to Suslonger railway station, as well as the circumstances of their stay at the special settlements and the subsequent fate after the liquidation of the special settlement system in the 1950-ies. Thus, the published documents reveal some circumstances of the deportation of one and a half hundred people of German nationality from the territory of Dolyna of Stanislav region to Russia at the end of 1946. Of course, the operation carried out by the Soviet repressive authorities should be called deportation, i.e. “forced eviction from the place of permanent residence of a person, group of persons or people”. Documents are published in the original language (Russian) in compliance with the necessary archaeographic requirements.

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41

Pal, Shaumik, P. S. Sriraj, Libby Ogard y Sue McNeil. "Evaluation of Private-Sector Asset Management Practices". Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1848, n.º 1 (enero de 2003): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1848-04.

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The focus of the transportation industry, in both the public and private sectors, has slowly been changing from construction and expansion to that of preservation, as a result of various factors. Private-sector industries have made strides in asset management that could be beneficial to the public sector. Private-sector asset management principles and concepts that would form an integral part of any asset management program employed by state transportation agencies and that are transferable to the public sector, especially state departments of transportation, are identified. An overview of best practices in asset management in the private sector is presented. Thus, lessons learned are identified based on a synthesis of case studies. The analysis has been done by carefully examining asset management practices of seven near-transportation private-sector companies. Included are case studies from two railroads, two airlines, two energy companies, and one railcar leasing company. The case studies highlight the need for communication, tools, and education as well as an information technology foundation from which asset management can be practiced effectively.

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42

Shunyakov, Dmitriy V. "Awarding Military Personnel of NKVD Troops During the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945)". Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, n.º 3 (20 de junio de 2024): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v345.

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The article analyses the practice of awarding People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) troops during the Great Patriotic War. It is pointed out that in 1941–1942 NKVD troops took an active part in the battles alongside Red Army units. After 1943 the commissariat’s main service and combat activity was protecting the army’s rear. The problem-chronological, typological historical, and comparative methods, as well as statistical analysis of the award data were used in this paper. Having studied archival materials, published data and personal documents, the author argues that during the initial phase of the war, awarding failed to meet the needs of the troops. It is noted that in 1942–1944 the award system was decentralized by delegating award rights to commanders (chiefs) of NKVD troops; their award arsenal was expanded with new orders and medals. The award practice indicates that there were no specialized awards to distinguish accomplishments in protecting the rear, important facilities and railways or in fighting against the nationalist underground. NKVD troops were presented with uniform state awards on the same basis as representatives of other agencies that were part of the Soviet Armed Forces (Red Army and Navy). The author comes to the conclusion that, due to the specific nature of the tasks performed (in the army’s rear), state awards were rarely given to employees (groups of employees) of NKVD troops. The majority of distinctions were departmental and included material (valuable gifts and money) or moral (certificates of merit and acknowledgement) rewards.

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43

Sinichenko, Vladimir V. y Sergey M. Belozertsev. "Affaire of the American Consul Moser (1915) in Light of Previously Unpublished Documents from the Fonds of the State Archive of the Irkutsk Region". Herald of an archivist, n.º 4 (2022): 1212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2022-4-1212-1221.

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The history of Russian-American relations is full of various dramatic moments. There were periods of strategic partnership and alliance, but also those of aggravation of diplomatic and trade relations during the so-called Cold War. One thing persists from the moment the United States was formed in the 18th century to early 21st century: Russia and the United States have been allies in all military conflicts or maintained mutual neutrality. At the same time, as history shows, among political and bureaucratic elites of the United States, there have always been opponents of Russia as a geopolitical entity who provided direct assistance to its military opponents. One of these episodes occurred in 1915, when Moser, the American consul in the city of Harbin located on the territory of the Chinese Eastern Railway — a highway that ran along Manchuria and connected Chita with Vladivostok — found himself an object of cultivation of the Irkutsk Gubernia Gendarmerie Directorate. The article introduces into scientific use a document which permits to assess the degree of involvement of the American diplomat in the release of German prisoners of war, which caused a diplomatic demarche of Russia, expulsion of the consul, and, accordingly, a diplomatic scandal in Russian-American relations in 1915. This document is court opinion of November 6, 1915 of the investigator for especially important cases of the Irkutsk District Court M.S. Strazov based on secret survey of the captain of a separate corps of border guards, assistant to the head of the department at the gendarmerie-police directorate of the Chinese Eastern Railway A. M. Bokastov who had carried out the surveyance; on protocol of interrogation of non-commissioned officer Karl Schultz who fled the Russian camp in Western Siberia (in the city of Tara, Tobolsk gubernia) and was supported by the American diplomat; and on protocol of interrogation of J. E. Mandelstam accused of organizing this escape. Through the agency of their employees insinuated in groups of German officers who fled from the Russian camps in Siberia to China territories, the heads of gendarmerie directorate learned that the American diplomat not only supplied prisoners of war with money for escape, but also recommended them to makers of falsified documents and guides transporting runaways. Cultivation undertaken in 1915 by the Irkutsk Gubernia Gendarmerie Directorate resulted in arrest of Russian subjects of German and Jewish origin who, for various reasons, participated in organization of escapes of German and Austro-Hungarian prisoners of war from concentration camps located in Siberia and in the Far East.

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44

Liora, Natalia, Anastasia Poupkou, Sofia Papadogiannaki, Daphne Parliari, Effrosyni Giama, Giacomo Arrigo Pieretti, Lucia Caterina Da Rugna et al. "A Methodology for Carbon Footprint Estimations of Research Project Activities—A Scenarios Analysis for Reducing Carbon Footprint". Atmosphere 14, n.º 1 (20 de diciembre de 2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010006.

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The main objective of the present study is the development of a comprehensive methodology for the estimation of the Carbon Footprint (CF) of research project activities and the identification of the best practices that can be followed by project partners within the project implementation to reduce its carbon footprint. The CF methodology is based on the GHG Protocol Guidance and the emissions factors of the Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA). The emissions sources related to project activities are the following: heating (from fuels combustion), electricity, water, work-commuting, materials, printable deliverables, IT equipment and events. An application study is performed for a research project focusing on the Mediterranean area and it is found that on-site events represent a 41% share of the total CF of the project. The use of public transport and soft mobility by employees can result in a −37% reduction in the CF of work-commuting. The most significant best practices for more sustainable organization of project events, leading to a reduction of −62% and −50% in the CF of the events, are (1) public transportation and soft mobility of the events’ participants to reach the event location within the host city, and (2) the promotion of the use of buses and railway for the international/national travels of participants to/from the event's host city, respectively. Τhe organization of hybrid events may also reduce the project event's CF by −50%. The cumulative reduction in the total CF of the project examined from all the CF mitigation scenarios studied, relevant to the energy-efficient target of the EU, the origin of materials used, work-commuting and events (materials used, transportation, hybrid events), is estimated to be −45%.

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45

Lyubichankovsky, Sergey V. "Emperor Alexander II and the South Urals: A New Collection of Documents Published by Archivists of the Chelyabinsk Region". Herald of an archivist, n.º 1 (2020): 306–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-1-306-311.

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The article reviews the collection of documents “Emperor Alexander II and the Southern Urals,” published in 2019 and dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the Emperor. The book tells of the Tsarevich’s journey through the Southern Urals in 1837 and of manufacture of gifts to him by the Zlatoust craftsmen; a separate part consists of documents devoted to the reign of Alexander II and the impact of the Great Reforms on the development of the region. The collection ends with documents on the perpetuation of the Emperor’s memory. The review proves that this collection of documents closes the topic of relations between Alexander II and the Southern Urals, which has been little studied in the historiography. It concludes that the initiators of the publication – employees of the Joint State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region – have included in the book legislative acts, recordkeeping materials, materials of the periodical press, sources of personal provenance, photographs, and visual materials. There is a list of archives and museums from which the sources originate: state archives of the Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Sverdlovsk regions, the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Archive of the Zlatoust City District; the Verkhny Ufaley and Zlatoust local history museums; the Russian State Archive of Photo Documents, the State Russian Museum; the Department for Preservation of Historical Heritage of the South Ural Railway, the Russian State Historical Archive, and the State Archive of the Russian Federation. The review describes the structure of the collection and contends that it contributes to comprehensive coverage of the studied problems. It allows its readers to find the needed documents confidently and quickly, even with minimal research skills. Photo documents (little–known photographs and drawings) included in the collection complement the text quite successfully. The reviewers underscore that the publication contains three extensive introductory articles, the reading of which contributes to a deeper understanding of the sources. Thus, the review concludes that the collection has expanded the documentary base adequately in order to spur extensive research of the pre–revolutionary history of the Southern Urals.

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46

Malyutina, N. N., S. V. Luzina, S. V. Paramonova y N. D. Yui. "Development of a comorbidity phenotype of acid-dependent diseases and arterial hypertension syndrome for a personalized approach to diagnosis and treatment". Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology, n.º 6 (25 de julio de 2023): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-214-6-61-71.

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Purpose of the study. The prevalence of diseases of the gastroduodenal zone and cardiovascular pathology among the working population is alarming. In order to develop phenotypes of comorbidity of acid-dependent diseases of the gastroduodenal zone and the syndrome of arterial hypertension in hazardous workers, a study of the state of health was carried out. Materials and methods. 4 observation groups were formed, aged 40 to 60 years, with work experience of more than 10 years. The first group consisted of 51 patients with arterial hypertension, the second - 26 patients with acid-dependent diseases, the third - 25 workers with comorbid pathology. The fourth group consisted of 24 workers without this pathology. The clinical examination was carried out as part of clinical examinations in the conditions of the departmental clinical hospital of Russian Railways. To clarify the psycho-emotional status, psychometric testing was carried out using the Stilberger-Khanin anxiety scale and the SANT test. A biochemical blood test included the determination of the level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, creatinine, lipid spectrum, antibody titer to Helycobacter pylori, the amount of endothelin-1, monocytic chemoattractant protein-1. Instrumental studies: fibrogastroduodenoscopy, daily monitoring of blood pressure. Results and conclusions. Indicators of general morbidity among employees of locomotive crews are higher than those of the industry. In the structure of chronic diseases, the prevalence of isolated arterial hypertension and erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone exceeds 60%, and the calculated probability coefficient of the combination is 6 times higher than the population one. The development of comorbidity of arterial hypertension and erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastroduodenal zone under conditions of long-term exposure to a complex of production factors in trained workers was accompanied by the prevalence of personal and situational anxiety as a reflection of the maladjustment syndrome. The main pathophysiological determining modules in each group of patients were identified: the dyscirculatory-inflammatory module was identified as a phenotype of the comorbidity of the studied pathologies. The data obtained allow us to form a personalized approach to the prevention and treatment of comorbid pathology.

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Pylypchuk, Oleh, Oleh Strelko y Yuliia Berdnychenko. "PREFACE". History of science and technology 12, n.º 2 (16 de diciembre de 2022): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-2-194-196.

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The issue of the journal begins with an article on French sinology. French sinology takes a special place in the history of the sinological studies development. It was France that became the first country where the transformation of missionary sinology, which was common among a limited circle of researchers (mainly in a religious sphere), into the academic scientific discipline, which had already been taught and studied at a professional level in academic institutions, occurred. The Parisian type of sinology used to dominate the entire world for a long time, including such powerful centers of Chinese studies as Germany, Great Britain, the USA, and China itself. In order to form a complete picture of sinology development in France, the authors singled out and analyzed three historical periods covering the entire history of Chinese studies development, starting from its birth and flourishment to the process of stagnation. Modern scientific communication traditionally uses visual narratives, such as comics, for education, presentation of scientific achievements to a mass audience, and as an object of research. In the article by Oksana Hudoshnyk and Oleksandr P. Krupskyi, offers a three-level characterization of the interaction of comic culture and science in a diachronic aspect. Attention is focused not only on the chronological stages of these intersections, the expression of the specifics of the interaction is offered against the background of scientific and public discussions that accompany the comics–science dialogue to this day. Emphasis is placed on the unique phenomenon of the simultaneous concordance of various stages of the dialogue between comics and science, on the prolonged replication of successful inventions into modern experience, and the active testing of known narratives at new levels of a scientific presentation. The next paper assesses the topicality of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere, coined over almost twenty years starting in the early 20th century. Emphasizing the uniqueness of Vernadsky's concept of the noosphere as the transformation of the biosphere by a man using reason, we concentrate on the assessment of the utopian or realistic nature of his vision of the future of humanity. Based on the philosophical case-studies analysis, it identifies the ideological roots of the noosphere concept, the development of views on the concept in time, the role of reason and scientific thinking, the opinions of its supporters and critics, and Moiseev's related concept of co-evolution. Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva or Of Spring: Explaining the Power of Springing Bodies (1678) is an important book for the history of science. This book is better known for Hooke’s presentation of the law that bears his name. In the article by Isadora Monteiro, seeks to study the Lectures de Potentia Restitutiva once again to better understand Hooke’s thoughts about the rule which bears his name and his conception of gravity, which the author considered a force. Here Hooke’s definitions of body and motion will be presented, as well as his actual objective when he formulated the so-called Hooke’s Law. As we will see, Hooke intended to create a “philosophical scale” to measure the gravitational attraction between bodies. By considering his previous publications, such as An attempt to prove the motion of the Earth from Observations or Micrographia: or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies, or even unpublished works such as On the inflection of a direct motion into a curve by supervening Attractive principle, it becomes clear that Hooke was already opening a path toward an understanding of gravity before Newton’s Principia (1687) were published. By taking into account the controversy between Isaac Newton and Robert Hooke, we also intend to strengthen the idea that Hooke was an indispensable contributor to the elaboration of a law of universal gravitation. In 1915, the first occupational therapy school was founded by Jane Addams at Hull House (Chicago, USA). In that process, Addams inspired the first generation of occupational therapists, especially Eleanor Clarke Slagle. Thus, in the article by Rodolfo Morrisonseeks to highlight the contribution of Jane Addams to the development of Occupational Therapy through an in-depth bibliographic review, from primary sources. The next article presents the results of a study of the features of biographical and prosopographic materials about famous mathematicians and natural scientists, published in one of the most authoritative journals “Bulletin of Experimental Physics and Elementary Mathematics”, which was published in Kyiv and Odesa during 1886–1917. In fact, the journal was an unofficial periodical printed branch of the Mathematical Department of the Novorossiysk Society of Naturalists. The aim of the next research is to study the policy efforts conducted by the Indonesian government since the beginning of independence in 1945 to present, in advancing science and technology and innovation. A content analysis approach is employed to identify each stipulated regulation in Indonesia in the form of Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential Regulations, Presidential Decrees, and Presidential Instructions. There are 78 regulations in the field of science and technology and innovation that are analyzed. The results of the analysis are described based on the emergence of regulations and institutional implications generated as part of the ecosystem. In the article by Ihor Annienkov, based on the problem-chronological, comparative-historical, historiographical, and source-research methods, as well as the method of actualization, identifies the extent of borrowing foreign design and technological solutions in the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic for projecting electrical machines in the second half of the 1930s, as well as the reasons for the absence of unambiguous information in historiography regarding the existence of this phenomenon in the republic at this chronological stage. The publication provides a general assessment of the quality of scientific support for the processes of creating electrical machines, establishes the ways of fulfilling the scientific-technical borrowings that were studiedand the dynamics of their development, analyzes their role in the growth of the technical level of products of the Ukrainian electrical machine-building branch. In the article by Mykola Ruban and Andrii Fomin, attempts to investigate the historical circumstances of the mastering and development of the industrial production of rolling stock in Ukraine from 1991 to 2021. In the course of the scientific development of the proposed research, materials from mass-circulation newspapers, industry publications of railway transport, as well as technical studies of employees of manufacturing plants were used. The next discusses the conditions and prerequisites for choosing the location of the plant; considers the stage of the establishment (foundation) of the plant; examines the stage of plant construction and equipping it with technological facilities in detail; analyzes the development and establishment of the plant between 1897 and 1914. A brief analysis of locomotive designs produced by the Kharkiv Locomotive Plant from 1897 to 1914 has been made. The article shows the significance of Consultative Congresses of Traction Engineers for the development of railway machinery both at Kharkiv Locomotive Plant and for the entire railway industry. The purpose of next study is to highlight the peculiarities of the development of the Russian aviation industry during the First World War. The focus is on analyzing production programs and matching their quantitative and qualitative parameters to war requirements. Production plans of leading Russian aviation factories as well as qualitative and quantitative parameters of products have been analyzed in the article.

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Штепа, А. В. y Р. А. Мельников. "The state of crime and the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat it in the 1920s in the Kaluga province". Historical bulletin 7, n.º 3 (6 de mayo de 2024): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.58224/2658-5685-2024-7-3-100-107.

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первая половина 1920-х гг. характеризуется завершением гражданской войны и интервенции, проведением новой экономической политики молодым советским государством. В это время общество переживает общий экономический упадок, нарушено функционирование железных дорог, сельское хозяйство в глубоком кризисе. Все это приводит к увеличению преступности, которая носит как индивидуальный, так и групповой, организованный характер. Население Калужской губернии с лихвой познало, что такое напряженная криминогенная обстановка. Действенным инструментом по борьбе с преступными деяниями выступала рабоче-крестьянская милиция, следившая за порядком непосредственно на улицах, а также её составная часть – уголовный розыск, который благодаря оперативным методам работы помогал предотвратить многие преступления и раскрыть уже совершенные. В это сложное во всех аспектах время происходит образование более крупного государства – СССР. Постреволюционный хаос сменяется централизацией и усилением государственного аппарата, что в свою очередь отражается, как на общественной жизни в целом, так и на правоохранительных органах в частности. Появляется полноценное кодифицированное законодательство. В представленной статье целью является анализ состояния преступности и отображение деятельности правоохранительных органов по борьбе с ней в 1920-е годы в Калужской губернии на основании привлечения корпуса нормативно-правовых, статистических и делопроизводственных материалов. Среди задач исследования – определение характера преступности; изучение видов совершенных преступлений; отображение результативности работы правоохранительных органов Калужской губернии в исследуемый период. Авторы приходят к выводу, что по мере усовершенствования правоохранительной системы в целом и приобретения необходимого опыта сотрудниками Калужской губернской милиции, а также совершенствования оперативных методов работы уголовного розыска, повышалась эффективность противодействию преступности в регионе. the first half of the 1920s was characterized by the end of the civil war and intervention, and the implementation of a new economic policy by the young Soviet state. At this time, society is experiencing a general economic decline, the functioning of railways is disrupted, and agriculture is in deep crisis. All this leads to an increase in crime, which is both individual and group, organized in nature. The population of Kaluga province has more than learned what a tense criminal situation is. An effective tool for combating criminal acts was the workers' and peasants' militia, which monitored order directly on the streets, as well as its component - the criminal investigation department, which, thanks to operational methods of work, helped to prevent many crimes and uncover those already committed. At this difficult time in all aspects, the formation of a larger state – the USSR - is taking place. Post-revolutionary chaos is being replaced by centralization and strengthening of the state apparatus, which in turn affects both public life in general and law enforcement agencies in particular. A full-fledged codified legislation is emerging. The purpose of the presented article is to analyze the state of crime and display the activities of law enforcement agencies to combat it in the 1920s in the Kaluga province based on the involvement of a corpus of regulatory, statistical and office materials. Among the objectives of the study is to determine the nature of crime; the study of the types of crimes committed; the display of the effectiveness of the work of law enforcement agencies of the Kaluga province in the period under study. The authors conclude that with the improvement of the law enforcement system as a whole and the acquisition of the necessary experience by employees of the Kaluga provincial police, as well as the improvement of operational methods of criminal investigation, the effectiveness of combating crime in the region increased.

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49

Varsan, Evhen. "Features of organization of medico-legal expert researches in the cases of the mass injuring of victims in the salon of bus". Forensic-medical examination, n.º 1 (29 de mayo de 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24061/2707-8728.1.2017.7.

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The article deals with certain medico-legal aspects of trauma in the salon of bus as one of the types of road traffic accidents with a large number of dead and injured. Are shown the typical causes of such incidents and the nature of the victims injury. Was developed and proposed a modern approach to optimization of expert research in case of appearance a large number of victims in the bus. Circumstances of injury in case of personal injury people in the bus are very diverse:− rollover of the bus when transporting a large number of people while driving;− bus falling from height;− a massive collision with a fixed roadside objects; − collision with other vehicles; among the latter is the most fatal bus collision with a moving train.Naturally, in these cases, the massive injuries have affected depends on the intensity of injury to passengers in the bus, and the mechanism of damage is determined by the specific form of an accident involving a bus. In such cases, the experts faced, usually with mechanical trauma inside the cabin, and mixed types of injuries passengers (e.g. in case of fire). For in-car trauma characterized by formation damage from the following mechanisms:− shock bodies on the inner part of the interior (interior);− injuries from the shards of broken glass.Basically, the nature of injury is determined by the structural features of the bus, the presence of foreign objects, the location of the victims. If the vehicle rolls over, the occupants people are numerous additional impact. Formed characteristic for the driver damage to the hands, fractures of the sternum fractures of the hips, legs and feet. For passengers is characteristic fractures of the lower limbs, bruised head wounds, fractures and dislocations of the cervical spine when using the seat belts − stripe-like bruises and abrasions ofthe chest and abdomen, broken ribs, collarbone, sternum, in the projection of the belts. Shards of broken glass caused by the multiple linear abrasions and (or) surface or deep cut wounds mainly in the face and upper extremities. In the case of deformation of the bus body can be compression of the bodies are formed by damage to several areas, primarily the chest, abdomen, extremities, accompanied by multiple bilateral rib fractures, ruptures of internal organs. If in the future there is a fire or explosion of the vehicle, the nature of thedamage detected on the bodies will correspond to the combined injury.In cases of injuries in the bus to work with the bodies of the victims begins at the scene. Thus, the Protocol of inspection of the scene and of the corpse in the first place should reflect the data about the mutual position of bodies and (or) their fragments relative to the vehicle and other parts, the distance between them; the condition of clothing, odors from it, the presence of different overlays, damage; contamination of the skin; localization and nature of the injuries on the bodies, the presence of deformations of its individualparts; the presence of traces of biological origin on the vehicle in comparison with the nature of the deformation (damage) of the body.Be sure to note the results of the inspection of the road where there was a traffic accident, a bus traces of blood, and fragments of various things, etc. Despite the small percentage of bus injured in world General statistics of fatal injuries, it presents certain difficulties in planning, organization, execution and coordination of forensic work on multi-step liquidation of medical consequences of the accident, usually associated with a large number of victims, gross impact of factors affecting on the bodies of the victims, the need to quickly address some specific issues: establishing at autopsy pathological symptoms that indicate the status of the health of drivers in the period priorto the tragic event; the existence of facts pointing to the use of intoxicating and medicinal substances that depress the nervous system and many others), early identification of all victims. According to the results of the analysis made it impossible to offer modern, optimal, evidence-informed, and until only itremains to be reliable in practice the system approach to the organizational model of forensic activities, while ensuring the interests of the investigation of an accident involving a bus and a large number of victims:1. The preliminary stage of organization expert services. It can conditionally enough be divided into 2 phases:− advance (pre-) phase;− the immediate phase.To the basic questions of the early phases include: early development, coordination and approval of the optimal legislative and other regulatory framework; preliminary methodological, administrative and organizational, theoretical-practical, logistical, software and applied training; exercise reasonable estimates of projected short and long term needs and costs with regard to the peculiarities specified by the tragic events; creation, storage, use and replenishment of the trust reserves, logistical and financial resources areinviolable, is intended solely for use in such emergencies. It also includes the creation, maintenance and continuous improvement of a Single centralized situation center on a temporary or permanent basis, with a good system of departmental and interdepartmental cooperation, primarily containing a - operational information-Supervisory and analytical center for the collection, processing, storage, information exchange and joint action with the threat, occurrence and prevention of emergencies with a large number of victims.Immediately with the receipt of the news of the accident involving a bus and a large number of victims for forensic services begin immediate phase, the main elements of which include:− prompt notification and collection of employees and expert institutions;− an emergency conference call to discuss the organizational, theoretical and practical questions and short specialized trainingon occupational safety, including use of personal protective equipment depending on the nature of the accident and actions are potentially dangerous to health and life of employees and expert institutions factors.All plans of measures are necessarily coordinated and agreed with appropriate representatives of structures of fast reaction, especially when conducting urgent investigative actions in the emergency areas, primarily the inspection of the scene. 2. The inspection of the crime scene it is advisable to start with a preliminary review («intelligence»), which finally determined the necessity of application of those or other technical means, and the number of specialists who will participate in the inspection.The static phase of scene examination with the participation of forensic doctors is accompanied by clear mapping; mapping, photo - and video fixing of vehicle, various objects; it is noted the exact relative positions of the bus (its parts) and discovered the corpses, fragments of human remains and other biological material. During dynamic examination of the scene produce a detailed external examination of the human remains, their fragments, biological material, perform primary medical sorting, their careful packaging,clear detailed marking. Then performed the proper loading, transportation and unloading. In case of need in a temporary Deposit of biological material, can be used in railway wagons refrigerators, refrigerated trailers, mobile camera with a refrigeration unit, and in the absence or lack of volume for the total number of remains and the biomaterial deploys heat-resistant boxes, fit the space with the use of outdoor mobile air conditioning systems, large amounts of ice obtained from specialized industrial ice makers, etc., which is especially important for braking processes of rotting corpses, their fragments and biomaterial in the warm season.3. After the initial registration and a secondary sort examine corpses, their fragments and biological material collection for postmortem identification of significant information, determine the cause of death, nature, mechanism and prescription of formation damage and address other special issues. At this stage also produce the identification of fragmented body parts and (or) tissues that or another body. In expert identification work on the fragments of human remains or biological material, preference is given to genetic research providing highly accurate results. Depending on the extent of influence of damaging factors on the bodies of the victims and their degree of preservation, only after the completion of the necessary is judicial-medical research with a full range of fence material for additional research, producing restoration of the exterior, embalming, sanitary and cosmetic processing of human remains and give them to relatives (relatives, authorized representatives, etc.) for burial. 4. Issued the final results of examinations; establishes data that may be useful for later investigative and judicial actions aimed at gathering and verification of evidence in a criminal case.5. The penultimate stage consists of conducting sanitary-and-hygienic, treatment-and-prophylactic, rehabilitation (including a full psychological) of interventions for physical and mental health of employees and expert institutions involved in this work.6. After the conclusion of the criminal proceedings in general, with the official opening of data access, it is advisable to analyze the material, and publish the relevant data in the scientific literature, with the goal of widespread study and use of gained experience.CONCLUSIONS.1. Research platform forensic activities in cases of accidents involving buses and a large number of victims to date have not been developed.2. The effectiveness of forensic medical groups in this situation is in direct proportion to the degree of readiness for quick response and timely quality completion of tasks.3. Based on this, very urgent is the development of modern optimal evidence-based systemic approach to the organizational model of forensic activities in the presence of a large number of injured persons in the bus; the solution to this problem and sent the above recommendations.4. The recommendations, in principle, can be applied not only in cases of injuries in the bus, but also to similar situations in which there is a massive injury and loss of life.5. It is necessary to continue scientific and practical research aimed at improving this algorithm works experts.

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Xu, Haoran. "Rails and responsibilities: Perspectives of railroad police officers in China". Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice 18 (1 de enero de 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/police/paae017.

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Abstract In policing practices, railway policing has an essential role to ensure the public security of extensive railway network. However, limited attention has been given to understanding the perspectives of police officers involved in this specialized field. This study aims to fill this gap by exploring the perspectives of railway police officers. Through in-depth interviews with 31 railway police officers from different regions, this research examines their experiences, challenges, and perceptions regarding their roles and responsibilities. The findings reveal that conflicts of interest within the railway police department pose potential risks to its internal cohesion. These officers used different strategies for response to violent attacks in ordinary and high-speed trains, highlighted instances of avoidance of duties due to internal conflicts, suggesting deficiencies in the evaluation mechanism employed. This study not only contributes to our understanding of railway policing in China but also provides insights for global railway policing and criminal investigation coordination.

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