Tesis: "Radio e regime"

1

El-Moghazi, Mohamed Ali Ali. "Exploring the interaction between the international radio spectrum management regime and national radio spectrum management policies". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2015. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26562.

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Soto, Carrillo Gerardo. "Legal Regime of the Transfer of Securities on the Radio Spectrum: The Secondary Market". Derecho & Sociedad, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118845.

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This paper describes the regulation of radio spectrum transfer for public telecommunications services, as part of the secondary market for spectrum. The legal framework and administrative precedents issued by competent authorities are analyzed.
El presente trabajo describe la regulación de la transferencia de espectro radioeléctrico en el ámbito de los servicios públicos de telecomunicaciones, como parte del mercado secundario de espectro. Se analiza el marco legal y los precedentes administrativos que han emitido las autoridades encargadas de la materia.

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3

PESRUELLE, BRUNO. "Evaporation par radio-frequence et condensation de bose-einstein d'un gaz d'alcalins en regime de champ fort". Paris 11, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA112042.

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Nous presentons un nouvel outil destine a atteindre la condensation de bose-einstein par refroidissement evaporatif d'atomes alcalins confines dans un potentiel magnetique. Notre approche repose sur l'utilisation de materiaux ferromagnetiques pour generer le potentiel de piegeage. Elle nous permet d'obtenir un confinement efficace avec une puissance electrique faible (100 w). Apres une experience preliminaire qui nous a permis de valider l'utilisation d'un electroaimant a coeur de fer pur pour le piegeage magnetique d'atomes neutres, nous avons developpe un electroaimant de seconde generation que nous avons utilise pour etudier le refroidissement evaporatif d'un gaz de rubidium 87. Ce dispositif a pour particularite de pieger les atomes dans un champ magnetique eleve, de l'ordre de 100 gauss. A cause de la valeur elevee du champ magnetique, l'effet zeeman quadratique n'est plus negligeable et les transitions radio-frequence entre sous-niveaux zeeman adjacents ne sont plus resonnantes au meme point. Cette propriete a des consequences dramatiques sur le refroidissement evaporatif dans l'etat f = 2 et conduit a une interruption de l'evaporation. Une experience d'evaporation a frequence fixe nous a permis de mettre en evidence l'influence de cet effet. Nous avons egalement observe que le refroidissement d'un gaz piege dans f = m = 2 ne permet pas de diminuer la temperature en dessous de 50 k. En revanche, le processus d'evaporation n'est pas affecte pour l'etat hyperfin inferieur f = 1 et nous avons pu atteindre la condensation de bose-einstein en refroidissant le gaz en dessous de 150 nk.

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4

Byrne, Robert P. "Learning drivers : rural electrification regime building in Kenya and Tanzania". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/6963/.

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Rural electrification has been a long-standing objective in many developing countries. For decades, the assumption and practice has been to build centralised generating capacity and transmit the electricity over national grids. More recently, interest has grown in using PV (photovoltaic) technology as a solution to the problem of rural electrification. A private household market for PV has been developing in Kenya since 1984 and now has more than 200,000 systems installed, sold through this private market. Consequently, it is widely hailed as a success story among developing countries. Until recently, Tanzania had almost no household PV market, despite interest from a number of actors, including some of those who have been involved in enabling the rapid growth of the market in Kenya. However, sales of PV began to grow quite rapidly from the early 2000s and the trend appears to be gaining pace, with an estimated 285 kWp sold in 2007, having risen by 57% in one year. At the time of the research, there were two large donor-funded PV projects underway in the country. The research attempts to explain the dynamics of the two PV niches over the past 25 years using strategic niche management as its theoretical framework. It finds that the Kenyan niche has benefited more from donor support than is usually acknowledged. The thesis also makes theoretical and methodological contributions. It offers a way to connect first and second-order learning to expectations and visions concepts; dimensions expectations and visions; and presents a tool for systematic investigation of socio-technical trajectory developments. The thesis also suggests a number of ways in which the strategic niche management framework could be enhanced. These include stronger theorising about learning, and the incorporation of power, politics and risk into the theory.

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5

Vural, Mehmet. "Achievable Coding Rates For Awgn And Block Fading Channels In The Finite Blocklength Regime". Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612348/index.pdf.

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In practice, a communication system works with finite blocklength codes because of the delay constraints and the information-theoretic bounds which are proposed for finite blocklength systems can be exploited to determine the performance of a designed system. In this thesis, achievable rates for given average error probabilities are considered for finite blocklength systems. Although classical bounds can be used to upper bound the error probability, these bounds require the optimization of auxiliary variables. In this work, a bound which is called the dependence testing (DT) bound that is free of any auxiliary variables is exploited. The DT bound is evaluated by introducing a normal approximation to the information density. Simulations carried out both for the Gaussian and discrete input alphabets show the proposed approximation enables very good prediction of the achievable rates. The proposed approximation is also used to calculate the average error probability for block fading channels. Simulations performed for Rayleigh block fading channels demonstrate that the total blocklength of the system in addition to the number of fading blocks should be accounted for especially when the number of fading blocks is large. A power allocation problem in block fading channels when the channel state information is available to the transmitting side is investigated in the final part of this work. The DT bound is optimized for a given channel state vector by allocating different power levels to each fading block by exploiting short-term power allocation. A simple power allocation algorithm is proposed which comes out with very similar results compared with the analytically computed values.

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6

Pinheiro, Giovani Gonçalves. "Projeto minerva: rádio educativo no contexto da ditadura militar". Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2016. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3366.

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The Minerva Project was a distance learning project of the Brazilian Ministry of Education (MEC) which used radio as its main medium. It began in the second half of 1970, remaining until the early 1990s and it was intended to offer supplementary training for adults. The program, half an hour in length, was aired on a mandatory basis, from Monday to Friday on a national radio chain. The program was complemented by a magazine sent by the post office to the radiopostos - places where students, along with a monitor, had access to the radio receiver. The project was implemented by the Brazilian government during the military regime; however, during this research, a public collection of documents of Paraná State was discovered, which suggested a "Communist infiltration” in the radio program produced by MEC. Thus, the interest became to understand the Minerva Project, its origins, organization and forms of educational activities, seeking to capture the political-ideological struggle undertaken in that context. The primary sources used in the analysis (the State of Paraná's public collection documents) came from literature by Pinto (2013; 2014), Ferraretto (2010; 2014; 2016), Aggarwal (2007). In addition, an interview with one of the coordinators of the Project, Professor Marlene Blois (2015), contributed to the analysis. In conclusion, due to the censorship of the military regime in place at the time, and the content of the radio program being pre-recorded, there was no possibility of an ideological transmission.
O Projeto Minerva foi um programa de ensino a distância do Ministério da Educação que utilizou como ferramenta principal o rádio. Teve seu início no segundo semestre de 1970, o qual permaneceu até o começo dos anos 1990 e almejava oferecer formação supletiva para adultos, tendo duração de meia hora; era veiculado, em caráter obrigatório, de 2ª a 6ª feira, em cadeia nacional de rádio. Contava, ainda, com o apoio de fascículos enviados pelos Correios para os radiopostos – lugares onde os alunos, juntamente com um monitor, tinham acesso ao aparelho receptor. O Projeto foi implantado pelo governo brasileiro durante o Regime Militar, no entanto, nesta pesquisa, atenta-se para documentos do acervo público do Estado do Paraná, liberados em 2013, os quais direcionaram para uma possibilidade de “infiltração de comunistas no programa da rádio MEC, Projeto Minerva da Educação”. Assim, o interesse voltou-se para, primeiro, compreender o Projeto Minerva, sua origem, organização e forma de atuação educativa, buscando captar a luta política-ideológica empreendida naquele contexto. Para tal, a pesquisa bibliográfica utilizou-se de autores como Pinto (2013; 2014), Ferraretto (2010; 2014; 2016), Aggarwal (2007), além de entrevista com uma das coordenadoras do Projeto, a Professora Marlene Blois (2015), e análise de fontes primárias (documentos do acervo público do Estado do Paraná). Diante dessas considerações, concluiu-se que a própria censura do Regime e o fato de o conteúdo dos programas de rádio serem pré-gravados impossibilitaria qualquer possibilidade de transmissão de ideologia que fosse contrária ao estabelecido pelos militares. O encerramento do projeto coincidiu com o fim do Regime Militar

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7

Oliver, Matthew. "Density, temperature and magnetic field measurements in low density plasmas". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:df217453-1e10-4684-beb7-83c1bcecf285.

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Low density plasmas are found throughout the known universe. Therefore, accurate diagnostic methods have implications for our understanding of a variety of topics, ranging from star formation to the semi conductor industry. Low density plasmas are ubiquitous in the material processing industry. However, measurements of the electron temperature and density, two of the most fundamental plasma properties, are not straightforward. In the laboratory, we create a low density, radio frequency, helium plasma with a bi-Maxwellian electron distribution, similar to those found in the semiconductor processing industry. We use optical emission spectroscopy to perform a non invasive measurement of the plasma conditions. We compare this to measurements obtained using a Langmuir probe, a commonly used invasive diagnostic. The optical emission spectroscopy is found to be insensitive to electron density but good agreement is found between the two techniques for values of the temperature of the hot electron component of the bi-Maxwellian. Plasmas created with high-intensity lasers are able to recreate conditions similar to those found during astrophysical events. This development has led to these condi- tions being explored in laboratories around the world. An experiment was performed at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Didcot, UK, investigating the properties of supersonic turbulent jets. For the first time a magneto-optic probe was used to measure the magnetic field in a low-density supersonic turbulent plasma. The results were compared to measurements taken using a magnetic-induction probe. Good agreement was found between measurements of the magnetic field strength within the plasma; however, the magnetic power spectra differ. We attribute this to the dif- ference in integration length between the two measurements. Statistical properties of the velocity field are inferred from the magnetic field measurements, which compare favourably to astrophysical observations and hydrodynamic simulations.

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8

Aburas, Akram. "Operating System Based Perceptual Evaluation of Call Quality in Radio Telecommunications Networks. Development of call quality assessment at mobile terminals using the Symbian operating system, comparison with traditional approaches and proposals for a tariff regime relating call charging to perceived speech quality". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5479.

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Call quality has been crucial from the inception of telecommunication networks. Operators need to monitor call quality from the end-user's perspective, in order to retain subscribers and reduce subscriber 'churn'. Operators worry not only about call quality and interconnect revenue loss, but also about network connectivity issues in areas where mobile network gateways are prevalent. Bandwidth quality as experienced by the end-user is equally important in helping operators to reduce churn. The parameters that network operators use to improve call quality are mainly from the end-user's perspective. These parameters are usually ASR (answer seizure ratio), PDD (postdial delay), NER (network efficiency ratio), the number of calls for which these parameters have been analyzed and successful calls. Operators use these parameters to evaluate and optimize the network to meet their quality requirements. Analysis of speech quality is a major arena for research. Traditionally, users' perception of speech quality has been measured offline using subjective listening tests. Such tests are, however, slow, tedious and costly. An alternative method is therefore needed; one that can be automatically computed on the subscriber's handset, be available to the operator as well as to subscribers and, at the same time, provide results that are comparable with conventional subjective scores. QMeter® 'a set of tools for signal and bandwidth measurement that have been developed bearing in mind all the parameters that influence call and bandwidth quality experienced by the end-user' addresses these issues and, additionally, facilitates dynamic tariff propositions which enhance the credibility of the operator. This research focuses on call quality parameters from the end-user's perspective. The call parameters used in the research are signal strength, successful call rate, normal drop call rate, and hand-over drop rate. Signal strength is measured for every five milliseconds of an active call and average signal strength is calculated for each successful call. The successful call rate, normal drop rate and hand-over drop rate are used to achieve a measurement of the overall call quality. Call quality with respect to bundles of 10 calls is proposed. An attempt is made to visualize these parameters for better understanding of where the quality is bad, good and excellent. This will help operators, as well as user groups, to measure quality and coverage. Operators boast about their bandwidth but in reality, to know the locations where speed has to be improved, they need a tool that can effectively measure speed from the end-user's perspective. BM (bandwidth meter), a tool developed as a part of this research, measures the average speed of data sessions and stores the information for analysis at different locations. To address issues of quality in the subscriber segment, this research proposes the varying of tariffs based on call and bandwidth quality. Call charging based on call quality as perceived by the end-user is proposed, both to satisfy subscribers and help operators to improve customer satisfaction and increase average revenue per user. Tariff redemption procedures are put forward for bundles of 10 calls and 10 data sessions. In addition to the varying of tariffs, quality escalation processes are proposed. Deploying such tools on selected or random samples of users will result in substantial improvement in user loyalty which, in turn, will bring operational and economic advantages.

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9

Rajroop, Jenelle. "Radio-frequency atomic magnetometers : an analysis of interrogation regimes". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10050803/.

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An atomic magnetometer is a sensor which is used to measure a magnetic field through its interaction with the atomic sample. Significant research into atomic magnetometry has led to the development of very sensitive atomic sensors capable of matching the sensitivity of the most sensitive magnetometers, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Because SQUIDS require cryogenics to operate, atomic magnetometers provide a sensitive, yet low-cost alternative. They have found use in many areas such as medicine, security, explosives detection and fundamental physics research. One of the primary factors influencing sensitivity is the detuning of the probe beam from the resonant transitions of the atomic ground state. A caesium room temperature radio-frequency (rf) magnetometer is constructed and used to investigate the influence of the probe beam detuning on the magnetometer signal of the F = 3 and F = 4 ground states. The results of probing near and far from resonance revealed an off-resonant regime and two absorptive regimes. In the off-resonant regime, the atomic spins are unperturbed by the probe beam; it is a quantum non-demolition (QND) interaction. The two absorptive regimes, found when the probe beam is in the vicinity of either the 62S1 2 F = 3 → 6 2P3 2 F 0 = 2,3,4 or the 62S1 2 F = 4 → 6 2P3 2 F 0 = 3,4,5 transitions, is characterised as a non-QND interaction in which the probe beam influences the measurement. The sensitivity of the rf magnetometer is determined to be ≈ 1.98 fT/ √ Hz. In addition, the exploration of the relationship between the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and probe beam detuning revealed that the SNR is constant with detuning but the larger the detuning, the higher the probe beam power needs to be to reach the optimum SNR.

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10

Hultell, Johan. "Cooperative and non-cooperative wireless access : Resource and infrastructure sharing regimes". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kommunikationssystem, CoS, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-9680.

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Future wireless networks will combine multiple radio technologies and subsystems, possibly managed by competing network providers. For such systems it may be advantageous to let the end nodes (terminals) make some or all of the resource management decisions. In addition to reducing complexity and costs, increasing redundancy, and facilitating more timely decisions; distributed resource sharing regimes can decouple the individual subsystems. Decoupled subsystems could be desirable both because competing operators can be business-wise separated and because it allows new technologies to be added (removed) in a modular fashion. However, distributed regimes can also lead to “selfish” wireless nodes who only try to maximize their own performance. The first part of this dissertation studies if selfish nodes can make efficient use of wireless resources, using multiaccess and network layers as examples. The related problems are formulated as noncooperative games between nodes. To maintain tractability nodes are confined to simple strategies that neither account for future payoffs nor allow for coordination. Yet, it is demonstrated that selfish nodes can achieve comparable performance to traditional protocols. These results should be interpreted as an argument in favor of distributed regimes. The second part of this dissertation evaluates the effects of multi-provider network architectures where users can roam freely across all networks. From a supply side perspective the benefits are improved path gain statistics and the fact that different networks may have non-overlapping busy hours. Several network configurations are analyzed and it is shown that cooperation between symmetric providers can yield significant capacity gains for both downlink and uplink; even if the providers have nearly collocated sites. When the providers have different site densities the gains from cooperation are reduced and the provider with a sparse network always gains more from cooperating. This suggests that initially, voluntary cooperation may be limited to some special cases. Lastly, the architecture is analyzed in a context where the providers compete for users on a per session basis by offering access at different prices. Although such architectures currently only exist in a few special cases, they could emerge in domestic markets where the costs to switch and search for new networks are low. Based on a game theoretic formulation it is shown that a competitive market for wireless access can be advantageous for both users and providers. The results presented suggest that the advantages of cooperation of competing providers occur in more than just a few cases.
QC 20100812

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11

Martins, Ricardo David de Castro. "Money multiplier in a fixed exchange regime framework". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16836.

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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e Financeira
Este estudo apresenta uma nova abordagem empírica sobre o processo de multiplicador monetário, usando dados monetários mensais de Angola desde janeiro de 2012 até junho de 2018. O uso de um modelo ARDL permite testar a relação de longo prazo tanto do multiplicador monetário como da relação entre as reservas e os depósitos e considerar os ajustes de curto prazo a choques monetários. A análise foca principalmente o nível de concentração do sistema bancário, o grau de liquidez do passivo dos bancos e a taxa de juros como determinantes dos índices de longo prazo. Outros factores específicos do país, como o spread da taxa de câmbio e o rácio de incumprimentos, foram incluídos na análise, para considerar os desafios macroeconómicos de Angola. Concluiu-se que, de acordo com a teoria monetária, tanto a taxa de juros quanto o nível de concentração do sistema bancário afetam os índices de longo prazo. No entanto, a não significância estatística da liquidez das responsabilidades dos bancos permite uma recomendação política para a política monetária de Angola.
This study provides a new empirical approach about the money multiplier process, using monthly monetary data from Angola since January 2012 until June 2018. The use of an ARDL model allows to test the long run relationship of both the money multiplier and the reserve to deposit ratio and consider the short-term adjustments from monetary shocks. The analysis focuses mainly on the level of concentration of the banking system, the degree of liquidity of banks' liabilities and the interest rate as determinants of the long-term ratios. Other country specific factors such as the foreign exchange rate spread and the non-performing loans ratio have been included to the analysis, to consider Angola's macroeconomic challenges. It was concluded that according to monetary theory, both the interest rate and the level of concentration of the banking system affect the long-term ratios. However, the non-statistical significance of banks' liabilities liquidity opens a policy recommendation for Angola's monetary policy.
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12

Mohapatra, Chinmoy Krushna. "Computational Study of Internal Two Phase Flow in Effervescent Atomizer in Annular Flow Regime". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470741568.

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13

Jha, Rajan. "Elevation based classification of streams and establishment of regime equations for predicting bankfull channel geometry". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51801.

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Since past more than hundred years, fluvial geomorphologists all across the globe have been trying to understand the basic phenomena and processes that control the behavioral patterns of streams. A large number of stream classification systems has been proposed till date, but none of them have been accepted universally. Lately, a large amount of efforts have been made to develop bankfull relations for estimating channel geometry that can be employed for stream restoration practices. Focusing on these two objectives, in this study a new stream classification system based on elevation above mean sea level has been developed and later using elevation as one of the independent and nondimensionalising parameters, universal and regional regime equations in dimensionless forms have been developed for predicting channel geometry at bankfull conditions. To accomplish the first objective, 873 field measurement values describing the hydraulic geometry and morphology of streams mainly from Canada, UK and USA were compiled and statistically analyzed. Based on similar mode values of three dimensionless channel variables (aspect ratio, sinuosity and channel slope), several fine elevations ranges were merged to produce the final five elevation ranges. These final five zones formed the basis of the new elevation based classification system and were identified with their unique modal values of dimensionless variables. Performing joint probability distributions on each of these zones, trends in the behavior of channel variables while moving from lowland to upland were observed. For the completion of second objective, 405 data points out of initial 873 points were selected and employed for the development of bankfull relations by using bankfull discharge and watershed variables as the input variables. Regression equations developed for width and depth established bankfull discharge as the only required input variable whereas all other watershed variables were proved out to be relatively insignificant. Channel slope equation did not show any dependence on bankfull discharge and was observed to be influenced only by drainage area and valley slope factors. Later when bankfull discharge was replaced by annual average rainfall as the new input variable, watershed parameters (drainage area, forest cover, urban cover etc.) became significant in bankfull width and depth regression equations. This suggested that bankfull discharge in itself encompasses the effects of all the watershed variables and associated processes and thus is sufficient for estimating channel dimensions. Indeed, bankfull discharge based regression equation demonstrated its strong dependence on watershed and rainfall variables.
Master of Science

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14

Sokolov, Roman. "Convection in ethanol-water mixtures in the large negative separation ratio and non-Boussinesq regimes /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3167815.

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Roxo, Alexandre Manuel Delgado. "Efeito do rácio triptofano:lisina em regimes de baixa proteína no crescimento de suínos entre os 20-40 kg de peso vivo". Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8211.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária
The effect of different standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios, in diets with low crude protein on the zootechnical performances of pigs between 20 and 40 kg, was studied using 120 pigs in a five week trial. The 120 pigs were allotted to four experimental diets, 30 animals per diet and placed in cages in groups of 3 pigs per cage. Diet 1 was the control diet, with a level of 16,5% crude protein and standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio of 20,7%; diets 2, 3 and 4 were diets with a low crude protein level (14,5%) and the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratios were 17,4%, 20,5% and 23,5%, respectively. The average daily feed intake and the average daily gain decreased in pigs fed diet 2 compared to pigs fed diet 1 (P=0,0432; P=0,0187, respectively). The average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were not significantly different between diets 1 and 3 and between diets 3 and 4. These results suggest that it is possible to reduce the level of crude protein in two percentage points, as long as balance is maintained in the standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio at 20,5%

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16

Desmurs, Jean-François. "Recherche et cartographie VLBI des masers OH dans les régions de formation d'étoiles massives : observations interférométriques millimétriques de Lynds 1551". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10255.

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Les travaux presentes dans cette these portent essentiellement sur l'etude des regions de formation d'etoiles massives. Pour cela nous avons etudie l'emission maser des deux transitions principales du premier etat excite du radical hydroxyl (a 6031 et 6035 mhz). Nous avons conduit un releve sur toutes les regions hii ayant une forte luminosite dans l'infrarouge lointain, plus quelques autres sources connues pour leur emission maser dans l'etat fondamental de oh. Sur les 256 sources de notre catalogue, 15 nouvelles sources furent decouvertes en emission et 3 en absorption. Nous avons pu mesurer l'intensite du champ magnetique de ces regions par l'intermediaire de l'effet zeeman qui d'une maniere globale semble en accord avec le sens de rotation de la galaxie. Nous avons etudie 6 de ces sources grace par la technique vlbi. Nous avons obtenu des franges d'interference pour toutes les sources et cartographie w3(oh). Les cartes laissent apparaitre une structure complexe et certains points d'emission maser apparaissent resolus. Notre resolution de 5 milliarcsecondes nous a permis de deduire sans ambiguite possible des paires zeeman qui montrent un champ magnetique variant entre 1 et 10 milligauss. Nous avons egalement observe avec l'interferometre du plateau de bure une etoile de faible masse en formation, l1551, obtenant ainsi la premiere carte millimetrique ayant une resolution inferieure a l'arc seconde. Nous calculons une masse a partir de nos observations de c170 mais surtout cela nous a permis de quantifier la qualite du site de l'interferometre en nous permettant d'en estimer le seeing.

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17

Ribeiro, Diogo Alexandre Carreira. "Efeito do rácio valina:lisina em regimes de baixa proteína no crescimento de suínos entre os 12-30 kg de peso vivo". Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/9231.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária
The effect of different digestive ileal standart of valine:lysine ratios on low crude protein content, on the zootecnic performances of 12 to 30 kg piglets was studied using 180 piglets, on a 4 week trial. Those 180 piglets were distributed on 5 different experimental diets, with 36 animals each and installed on a 3 piglets per cage. The diets were elaborated with a 15, 5% crude protein content with a digestive ileal standart of valine:lysine ratio of 60, 65, 70, 75 and 80%, diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. The average daily gain was higher on the piglets with a 70% ratio (diet 3), comparatively with diets 2, 4 and 5 (P=0, 0597). The final weight, average daily intake and feed convertion ratio were not significantly different a mong diets. These results show that the best digestive ileal standart ratio of valine:lysine is the 70% for piglests with live weight of 12 to 30 kg

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18

Yoon, Jin Ho. "Interactions among unit price, fixed-ratio value, and dosing regimen in determining effects of repeated cocaine administration". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000830.

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19

Birowo, Mario Antonius. "Community radio and grassroots democracy: a case study of three villages in Yogyakarta Region, Indonesia". Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1846.

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It has been argued that the most important factor in creating participation for people at grassroots level is accessibility to the media, both as receivers and producers of content (see Rodriguez, 2000; Fraser & Estrada, 2001, 2002; Tabing, 2002; and Dagron, 2001, 2004). In recent years, community radio stations have been mushrooming in Indonesia as a consequence of the democratisation of the media system in post-Soeharto Indonesia. In Indonesia community radio is used by the civil society at grassroots level to empower people who have little opportunity to voice their interests. The characteristics of community radio - size, proximity and openness to participation - provide both forms of access. By providing a forum for capacity building, community radio enhances people’s participation in the decision making process and in the preservation of local cultures in their villages. In fact, at village level the empowerment of people is central to the role of community radio; thus, people in Timbulharjo, Minomartani and Wiladeg have had the opportunity to express their interests. Community radio stations encourage diversity, challenging the tendency of commercial radio to erase cultural differences through their conceptualising of audiences as markets. In this way, community radio accommodates the interests of marginal social groups and draws them into the public sphere.This thesis is about the way in which the Indonesian people’s movement creates grassroots democracy by using community radio as a tool for participating in social communication processes at village level, in particular in Yogyakarta Special Region. The main question is ʻhow do people at grassroots level use community radio in the democratic transition in Indonesia?’ Multiple case studies were used in order to build a comprehensive picture of the use of community radio in Indonesia as a tool for promoting participation in local contexts. To discuss its findings this thesis uses participatory communication and public sphere theories. This thesis also considers the civic role of community radio in its responses to earthquake disaster in several regions in Indonesia, where people used the medium of radio to create solidarity to help affected people.

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20

TROSTDORF, CARLA R. "Estudo da variabilidade sazonal na emissao do isopreno na regiao amazonica". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11175.

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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

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21

Freitas, Fabrício Loureiro de Carvalho. "A incorporação de companhia controlada : regime e efeitos do artigo 264 da lei das S.A". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/150199.

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Esta dissertação estuda os mecanismos disponibilizados pelo artigo 264 da Lei das Sociedades Anônimas para proteção adicional dos interesses e dos direitos dos acionistas minoritários na incorporação de companhia controlada. Para tanto, são abordados os dispositivos legais, os posicionamentos doutrinários e as interpretações da jurisprudência administrativa e judicial sobre o assunto no Brasil. O primeiro capítulo do estudo analisa o conceito e a natureza jurídica da incorporação, a substituição de ações e de direitos dos acionistas na operação, o procedimento de incorporação, e a relação de controle existente entre as companhias incorporadora e incorporada. O segundo capítulo analisa a evolução histórica das disposições do artigo 264, partindo do Projeto de Lei que lhe deu origem até o texto do dispositivo atualmente vigente. O terceiro capítulo analisa a proteção adicional oferecida ao acionista minoritário pelo caput do artigo 264, atrelada à relação de substituição de ações adotada na operação. O quarto capítulo analisa a proteção adicional conferida ao acionista minoritário pelo §3º do artigo 264, vinculada ao direito de recesso na operação. Ao final, a conclusão arremata as principais discussões identificadas ao longo do estudo.
This thesis studies the mechanisms provided by Article 264 of the Brazilian Corporations Law for additional protection of the interests and rights of minority shareholders in the merger of a subsidiary corporation into its parent corporation. To this end, we discuss the legal provisions, the legal literature and the interpretations of administrative and judicial case law on the subject in Brazil. The first chapter of the study analyzes the concept and the legal nature of a merger, the substitution of shares and rights of the shareholders in the transaction, the merger procedure, and the control relationship that exists between the parent corporation and its subsidiary. The second chapter analyzes the historical development of the provisions of Article 264, from the bill from which it originated to the text of the provision currently in force. The third chapter analyzes the additional protection granted to minority shareholders by the chapeau of Article 264, regarding the share exchange ratio adopted in the transaction. The fourth chapter analyzes the additional protection afforded to minority shareholders by paragraph 3 of Article 264, relating to the right to withdraw from the transaction. Finally, the conclusion finalizes the main discussions identified throughout the study.

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22

Solís, Huertas Paola. "Radio shipiba en la amazonía peruana : tensiones entre identidad y ciudadanía". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8307.

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La intención de esta investigación es aproximarse a las valoraciones en los discursos de los comunicadores radiales shipibos respecto de la relación entre identidad y ciudadanía. Para llegar a esto, es favorable entender el contexto en el cual se insertan estas valoraciones. Esto es, conocer cómo se producen los medios de comunicación usados por los shipibos. Por otro lado, conocer a los individuos que participan del proceso de producción de los programas radiales también ayuda a los objetivos de esta investigación. Así como, conocer las tensiones que se han originado a partir del uso de la radio por el pueblo shipibo lo cual también da un contexto mayor para poder entender las opiniones e inquietudes emitidas por los comunicadores shipibos en sus programas.
Tesis

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23

Velpula, Praveen Kumar. "High aspect ratio sub-micron structuring of transparent materials using non-diffractive ultrafast laser beams : dynamics and interaction regimes". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET4005/document.

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Cette thèse se concentre sur la contrôlabilité de l'indice de réfraction au niveau sub-micronique par changements d'indice induits par laser sur de longues dimensions i.e., avec des hauts rapports d'aspect élevés et des sections à l'échelle nanométrique. À cette fin, nous explorons les faisceaux ultracourts de Bessel non-diffractifs d'ordre zéro et les facteurs qui contribuent au confinement de l'énergie au-delà de la limite de diffraction. Le traitement par laser de matériaux transparents à l'aide de faisceaux non diffractifs offre un avantage important pour les structures sub-microniques en volume de haut rapport d'aspect à des fins applicatives en nanophotonique et en nanofluidique. Nous présentons l'effet de différentes conditions de focalisation et de paramètres laser sur la modification de la silice fondue, explorant ainsi les différents régimes d'interaction. Cette thèse aborde essentiellement des conditions modérées de focalisation car elles offrent un régime d'interaction stable sur une large gamme de paramètres laser, permettant l'ingénierie de la dispersion. La durée de l'impulsion laser s'est révélée être essentielle dans la définition du type de modification de l'indice de réfraction ou de modification structurale. Par exemple, l'usinage utilisant des impulsions laser femtosecondes entraîne une augmentation des structures d'indice de réfraction alors que les impulsions laser picosecondes engendrent une cavité uniforme i.e., des structures de faible indice. Pour acquérir un meilleur contrôle et une meilleure précision du dépôt d'énergie laser, un ensemble de mécanismes physiques responsables des dommages induits par laser dans des conditions d'excitation non-diffractives a été observé expérimentalement et examiné par des simulations indiquant le rôle essentiel de la diffusion de la lumière sur les électrons. Des mesures de microscopie pompe-sonde résolues en temps avec une résolution temporelle sub-picoseconde et spatiale sub-micronique donnent accès à l'excitation et à la relaxation dynamique instantanées. La transmission optique dynamique et le contraste de phase offrent des informations complémentaires sur la réponse électronique ou sur celle de la matrice vitreuse. La dynamique ultrarapide des porteurs libres a été particulièrement étudiée puisque le transfert d'énergie des électrons vers le réseau est la clé de transformation ultérieure du matériau. Le rôle de l'excitation instantanée pour différentes durées et énergie d'impulsion laser est exposé. Ainsi, la dynamique complète des porteurs de charge est présentée pour différents paramètres du laser. En particulier, la dynamique d'obtention de structures d'indice de réfraction positif et des cavités uniformes indique deux chemins différents de relaxation électronique et de dépôt de l'énergie: une relaxation rapide par l'intermédiaire de défauts pour les structures d'indice positif et une relaxation thermomécanique lente pour les cavités nanométriques. Enfin, en corrélant les résultats des études résolues en temps, les simulations et les résultats de photoluminescence après irradiation, nous formulons des scénarios potentiels de formation de l'indice de réfraction positif ainsi que des structures d'indice faible ou de vides uniformes
This thesis is focused on the controllability of laser-induced refractive index changes at sub-micron level over long dimensions i.e., with high aspect ratios and sections on the nanoscale. To this end, we explore non-diffractive zerothorder ultrafast Bessel beams and factors contributing to energy confinement beyond the diffraction limit. Laser processing of transparent materials using non-diffracting beams offers a strong advantage for high aspect ratio submicron structures inside the bulk in view of nanophotonics and nanouidics applications. We present the role of various focusing conditions and laser parameters on material modification in bulk fused silica and explore the different interaction regimes. This thesis tackles mostly the moderate focusing conditions as they offer a stable interaction regime backed up dispersion engineering over a large range of laser parameters. The laser pulse duration was found to be key in defining the type of laser induced refractive index or structural modification. For instance, machining using femtosecond laser pulses results in increased refractive index structures whereas picosecond laser pulses result in uniform void i.e., low index structures. To acquire better control over the laser energy deposition and precision, a range of physical mechanisms responsible for the laser induced damage in non-diffractive excitation conditions have been observed experimentally and further interrogated by simulations indicating a critical role of light scattering on carriers. Time-resolved pump-probe microscopy measurements with a sub-picosecond temporal and sub-micron spatial resolution allow access to the instantaneous excitation and relaxation dynamics. Dynamic optical transmission and phase contrast o_er complementary information of either electronic and glass matrix response. Primarily, ultrafast dynamics of free carriers was studied as the electron mediated energy transfer to the lattice is key to the subsequent material transformation. Role of instantaneous excitation at different laser pulse durations and energies is outlined. Then complete carrier dynamics is presented at different laser parameters. Particularly dynamics in conditions of positive refractive index structures and uniform voids is indicating two different paths of electronic relaxation and energy deposition: a fast defect mediated relaxation for positive index structures and slow thermomechanical relaxation for nanosize void structures. Finally, by correlating the results of time resolved studies, simulations and post-irradiated photoluminescence results, we formulate potential formation scenarios for the positive refractive index and low index or uniform void structures

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24

Brunaud, Claude. "Fistules artério-veineuses méningées pure de la dure-mère crânienne : aspects radio-cliniques : à propos de 50 observations". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11035.

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25

Zettel, Ana Paula França Vieira. "A experiência de Chile, México e Brasil sob o regime de metas de inflação : uma comparação internacional". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10108.

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Esta dissertação tem o propósito de avaliar a experiência de Brasil, Chile e México comparativamente a de Austrália, Finlândia, Suécia, Reino Unido, Nova Zelândia e Canadá sob o regime de metas inflação (IT). Dessa forma, o interesse central deste estudo é o efeito das políticas monetárias adotadas sobre produto dos países emergentes, em um contexto de excessiva volatilidade da taxa de câmbio, elevada dívida pública e baixa credibilidade das instituições. Para atingir este objetivo, optouse pela conjugação do método analítico descritivo, análise do histórico dos países sob IT, e de um exercício econométrico. A variável através do qual o desempenho econômico dos países será analisado, para fins de comprovação empírica, é a taxa de sacrifício, construída a partir da razão entre hiato do produto, medido pelo filtro HP, e o logaritmo da variação da inflação. Os resultados empíricos deste trabalho, bem como o histórico dos países, sugerem que a taxa de sacrifício dos emergentes é, em média, superior a dos industrializados. As fraquezas presentes nas economias emergentes, como falta de coordenação entre políticas monetária e fiscal, vulnerabilidade externa, que se manifesta na excessiva volatilidade e sensibilidade da taxa de câmbio a choques externos, entre outras, são as possíveis explicações para este fenômeno.
This thesis main objective is evaluate and compare the experience of Brazil, Chile and Mexico against the experience of Australia, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom, New Zealand and Canada under the inflation targeting (IT) regime. In this regard, the central interest of this study is the effect of the monetary policy adopted over the emerging countries GDP, in a context of extreme exchange rate volatility, high public debt and low institution’s credibility. To reach this goal, it was combined the analytical descriptive method with an econometrical exercise. The variable, through which the country’s economic performance was analyzed, for ends of empirical evidence, is the sacrifice rate, built from the GDP gap, measured through HP filter, and the inflation variation logarithms. The empirical results of this work, as well as the countries historical experience, suggest that emerging countries sacrifice ratio is, on average, higher than for the industrialized ones. The weaknesses found in these economies, as lack of monetary and fiscal policy coordination, external vulnerability, manifest through exchange rate volatility and high sensitivity to external shocks, among others, are the possible explanations for this phenomenon.

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26

Goldowitz, Joshua 1959. "The chloride to bromide ratio as an environmental groundwater tracer, with a field study at the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277079.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if the chloride to bromide ratio (Cl/Br) of water imported via interbasin transfer can be used to trace the mixing of imported water with native ground water. Laboratory experiments and a chemical literature review indicate that chloride's and bromide's properties should make the Cl/Br a useful environmental ground-water tracer. This study has shown that the Cl/Br can be accurately quantified at environmental levels, is not attenuated by aquifer or soil media, is chemically stable, and is present in different levels in waters from different sources. Infiltration and mixing of irrigation water from the Colorado River (Cl/Br = 1300) with native ground water (Cl/Br = 630) was investigated at the Wellton-Mohawk Irrigation and Drainage District near Yuma, Arizona. The downgradient increase in the Cl/Br is correlated with distance from the upgradient limit of irrigation (r =.83), reflecting the chemical influence of infiltrating irrigation water.

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27

Tie, Yunfeng. "Antiretroviral Regimens in HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Medical Care in the United States: Medical Monitoring Project, 2009". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/math_theses/128.

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Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for viral suppression (VS) in HIV-infected patients. However, there is a lack of nationally representative data on types of ART regimens used and their impact on VS. This thesis used self-reported interview and abstracted medical record from 2009 Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) to study ART regimen type and related health outcomes. Results showed that 88.6% of HIV-infected adults in care was prescribed ART, and about half took regimens designated as ‘preferred’ according to U.S ART guidelines. Among MMP participants prescribed ART, 62.7% achieved durable VS, 77.8% achieved recent VS, 83.5% were 100% dose-adherent, and 17.1% reported side effects. Multivariate regression analyses revealed that although ART was critical for VS, there were minor differences in health outcomes among the major ART classes in the U.S. ART guidelines or six most-commonly used regimens. This study could be potentially useful for future strategic planning of HIV care.

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28

Chami, Marwa. "Optimization in cognitive radio systems with successive interference cancellation and relaying". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CNAM1050.

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La Radio Cognitive (CR) est une technique prometteuse pour assurer une utilisation efficace du spectre. Elle permet à un utilisateur non licencié appelé utilisateur secondaire (SU) de coexister avec un utilisateur agréé appelé utilisateur primaire (PU) sans dégrader les performances du dernier. Dans un système de CR, le SU a la capacité de s'adapter à son environnement afin de détecter des trous de fréquences possibles dans le spectre et transmettre dans ces trous sous certaines contraintes de manière à augmenter le débit total. Par ailleurs, l'allocation des ressources dans les systèmes CR forme l'un des scénarios étudiés les plus courantes en particulier pour des transmissions à porteuses multiples.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème d'allocation des ressources pour un système CR à multi-utilisateur pour une transmission de liaison montante. On considère le scénario underlay où le SU est autorisé à coexister avec le PU à condition que l'interférence causé au PU soit inférieure à un seuil prédéfini. Nous appliquons deux techniques de décodage, l'annulation successive d'interférence (SIC) et le codage à superposition (SC), au SU afin de maximiser le débit secondaire.Dans une première étape, le scénario mono-utilisateur est étudié, en supposant que les informations d'état de canal sont connues parfaitement au SU. Nous évaluons la performance du système en proposant un algorithme de décodage adaptatif où le SU peut soit traiter l'interférence venant du primaire comme du bruit, ou bien appliquer le SIC ou SC. Nous étudions le problème d'allocation de puissance en tenant compte du budget de puissance et des contraintes de seuil d'interférence. Une solution générale pour le problème d'optimisation est proposé. L'analyse des simulations et les résultats théoriques montrent que l'algorithme proposé assure une augmentation sur le débit total du système.Ensuite, le scénario multi-utilisateurs secondaires est étudié, où plusieurs utilisateurs sont autorisés à exister dans la cellule secondaire. Les problème d'allocation de puissance et de sous-porteuses sont détaillés dans le but de maximiser le débit. Nous mettons en évidence les avantages de l'algorithme adaptatif dans le cas multi-utilisateur, qui comprend trois phases. La première étape comprend la sélection adaptative de la stratégie de décodage au niveau du récepteur secondaire. La deuxième étape décrit l'attribution de sous-porteuses parmi les différents utilisateurs. Enfin, la troisième étape détaille la répartition optimale du budget de puissance disponible sur les utilisateurs.Cependant, la connaissance parfaite du canal nécessite des mesures de canal parfait au niveau du récepteur et un lien de rétroaction parfaite pour envoyer ces informations à l'émetteur, ce qui peut être impossible à mettre en œuvre. Ainsi, nous étudions aussi le scénario mono-utilisateur en supposant que juste la connaissance statistique des gains de canaux primaires est disponible au SU. Nous détaillons les expressions analytiques pour les probabilités de panne et nous résolvons le problème d'optimisation non-convexe en utilisant un algorithme d'approximation séquentielle. Les simulations montrent que l'algorithme proposé est efficace et robuste.Enfin, nous proposons un nouveau modèle de système où le récepteur secondaire peut agir comme un nœud de relayage Full-Duplex (FD) afin de maximiser le débit primaire. Le scénario proposé est d'abord étudié pour un schéma de modulation à mono-porteuse dans les cas Amplify-and-Forward (AF) et Decode-and-Forward (DF). Les contraintes pour appliquer le SIC et pour le relayage sont déterminés et les nouveaux débits réalisables sont spécifiés de telle sorte que le nœud de relayage relaie si le nouveau débit atteignable est meilleur que celui obtenu sans relayage. En outre, le scénario FD avec DF est étudié avec la modulation multi-porteuse et les performances de ce modèle sont évaluées. Une amélioration importante sur le débit primaire est affiché
Cognitive Radio (CR) is a promising technique for efficient spectrum utilization. The CR technology permits an unlicensed user called Secondary User (SU) to coexist with the licensed user called Primary User (PU) without degrading his performance. In a CR system, the SU has the ability to sense and adapt to his environment in order to detect possible frequency holes in the wireless spectrum and transmit in it under some constraints so as to increase the total data rate. Besides, resource allocation in CR systems is one of the most common studied scenarios especially for multi-carrier transmissions, with the aim to maximize the system throughput.In this thesis, we investigate the resource allocation problem for an uplink multi-user underlay CR system where the SU is allowed to coexist with the PU provided that the interference caused to the PU is below a predefined threshold. We apply two decoding techniques, Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and Superposition Coding (SC), at the SU in order to maximize the secondary rate. In a first step, the single-user scenario is studied, assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) at the SU. We evaluate the performance of the system by proposing an adaptive decoding algorithm where the SU can either treat the interference as noise or perform SIC or SC. We investigate the power allocation problem taking into account the power budget and the interference threshold constraints. A general solution for the power optimization problem in an uplink underlay CR system is proposed. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves higher sum rate than classical algorithms, providing high-enough data rates for the secondary system at the expense of a very low degradation of the primary system's rate.Then, the secondary multi-user scenario is investigated, where multiple users are allowed to exist in the secondary cell. Power and subcarrier allocation problems are detailed in order to maximize the secondary rate. We highlight the benefits of the proposed multi-user adaptive algorithm which encompasses three phases. The first step includes the adaptive selection of the decoding strategy at the secondary receiver. The second step describes the subcarrier allocation among the different users. Finally, the third step details the optimal distribution of the available power budget on the users.However, perfect channel knowledge requires perfect channel measurements at the receiver and a perfect feedback link to send this channel information to the transmitter, which may be impractical to implement. Thus, we also study the single-user scenario assuming that only statistical CSI of channel gains between the primary transmitter and both primary and secondary receivers is available at the SU. We detail the analytical expressions for the outage probabilities and then we solve the non-convex optimization problem using a sequential approximation algorithm. simulations show that the proposed algorithm is efficient and robust with statistical CSI. This work can be easily extended to the multi-user case.Finally, we propose a new system model where the secondary receiver acts as a Full-Duplex (FD) relay node in order to maximize the primary rate and thus the total system rate. The proposed scenario is first studied for single-carrier modulation scheme for both Amplify-and-Forward (AF) and Decode-and-Forward (DF) relaying protocols. The constraints to apply SIC and to relay are determined and the new achievable rates are specified such that the relay node relays whenever the new achievable rate is better than the one achieved without relying. Furthermore, the performance of the DF relaying scheme in the FD mode is evaluated for multi-carrier modulation. The performance of the proposed system model is evaluated via simulations and an important improvement of the primary achievable rate and thus of the total system rate is shown

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André, Philippe. "Emission radio des etoiles pre-sequence principale du nuage rho ophiuchi : observations et interpretations". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066240.

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L'observation radiointerferometrique du nuage moleculaire rho ophiuchi a permis de detecter une dizaine de sources stellaires emettant dans le domaine radio parmi la centaine d'etoiles jeunes de ce nuage. La nature de cette emission est magnetique et produite par effet gyrosynchrotron. Des eruptions magnetiques importantes provoquent la polarisation circulaire de l'emission de l'un des objets detectes et la variabilite de l'emission de deux autres etoiles. Plus generalement, ces observations semblent selectionner une population specifique d'etoiles tres jeunes, en presence d'un champ magnetique etendu et en l'absence d'environnement circumstellaire dense

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30

Pinnock, William Jacob Amadeus. ""Your information station": A Case study of rural radio in the 21st century". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2115.

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The study examined how the introduction of high-speed internet into a rural community affected audience members' use of their local radio station. A qualitative case study was guided by uses and gratifications and niche theory. The author conducted interviews with KMMR FM audience members in Malta, Montana, to investigate how the introduction of high-speed internet impacted listener habits. Twenty participants who either listened to or produced content for KMMR FM were interviewed. The author performed a thematic analysis of different uses for the radio guided by typologies created by Rubin (1983), Palmgreen and Rayburn (1979), and Katz, Haas, and Gurevitch (1973). The results showed the internet and the radio gratify different needs for audience members: radio was used the most for local information and the internet for more specialized needs that could not be met by the radio. The findings also showed that the radio is important in fostering a sense of social cohesion within the community

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31

Quach, Minh thao. "Cross-layer framework for interference avoidance in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0489/document.

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Le plan d’attribution du spectre présente un problème de déficit de ressources dans les réseaux sans fil. En 2002, la FCC (Federal Communication Commission) a rapporté que le spectre radioélectrique était de 20% à 85% sous-utilisé. L’utilisation inefficace du spectre est un problème majeur qui doit être résolu si l’on veut que les communications radio se développent. La FCC a ensuite changé la politique de gestion du spectre pour la rendre plus souple en s’interessant à l’approche radio cognitive (CR). La radio cognitive est un type de radio intelligente qui explore l’environnement de fréquences radio, apprend et décide d’utiliser la partie inutilisée du spectre. Les principales fonctions de la CR sont la détection, la prise de décision, et le partage. Cependant, ces radios doivent respecter les infrastructures sans fil standards en minimisant leur impact sur les appareils prioritaires, également appelés systèmes primaires. La coexistence entre les systèmes CR et les systèmes primaires nécessite des processus d’observation et de gestion des interférences dédiés. Dans cette thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés à la phase d’observation du point de vue CR. La zone de chevauchement entre un émetteur CR et l’émetteur primaire (PR) est analysée et prise en compte. L’impact de cette zone est appris par simulation et présenté dans le chapitre 4. En conséquence, des interférences potentielles sont envisagées. Durant la phase d’observation, nous étudions un mécanisme permettant de mieux prévenir la perturbation sur les dispositifs PR en utilisant le Grey Model et le filtre de Kalman comme modèle de prédiction de la densité des récepteurs primaires. En complément à cette observation, nous fournissons une stratégie visant à combiner les observations obtenues en une mesure qui pourra être utilisée par le routage dans le cadre de la coexistence entre réseaux radio cognitive (CRN) et réseaux primaires. La stratégie proposée utilise la logique floue et est présentée dans le chapitre 5. Dans ce chapitre, nous étudions comment la couche réseau réagit et prend les bonnes décisions pour maximiser l’utilisation des ressources du spectre, tout en évitant les interférences avec les récepteurs primaires. Par exemple, un noeud CR peut fonctionner dans une zone de recouvrement, si les récepteurs primaires sont inactifs dans cette zone. Ainsi, nous avons proposé un mécanisme de routage basé sur le protocole de routage DYMO qui prend en compte l’impact relatif observé. Dans ce même chapitre, nous avons également présenté des scénarios pratiques illustrant l’utilité de notre proposition. L’interconnexion des noeuds CR dans le CRN est aussi un problème crucial pour la mise en place du réseau. C’est pourquoi nous présentons un processus de diffusion par balises au chapitre 6. Dans ce chapitre, nous décrivons également un dispositif pratique conçu pour des expériences en radio cognitive. Même si notre travail se rapporte à différentes couches de la pile protocolaire, le cadre général que nous avons conçu est multicouches. En effet, les composants accèdent aux différentes couches pour récupérer l’information, la traiter et réagir en conséquence. Ainsi, notre travail constitue un environnement inter-couches pour un dispositif radio cognitive local visant à minimiser les interférences et à maximiser les ressources réseau dans les réseaux radio cognitive
A fixed spectrum assignment scheme has a problem with resource deficiency in a wireless network. In 2002, the US Federal Communication Commission (FCC) reported that the radio spectrum was 20% to 85% under-utilized. The insufficient use of the spectrum is a critical issue for radio communication; as communication grows, a fixed spectrum becomes more limiting. The FCC then changed its spectrum management policy to make it more flexible by investigating the cognitive radio (CR) approach. Cognitive radio is a type of intelligent radio that explores the radio frequency environment, learns, and decides to use the unused portion of the frequency. The main functions of a CR are sensing, decision making, and sharing. However, these radios have to respect the standard wireless infrastructures by ensuring the least impact with their devices, also known as primary radios. Coexistence between CR systems and primary systems requires dedicated observation processes and interference management. In this thesis, observation from a CR point of view is presented. The overlapping area between a CR transmitter and primary radio (PR) transmitter is analysed so that it can be taken into account. The impact of this area is learnt by simulation and presented in Chapter 4. As a consequence, potential interference is envisaged. Along with observation, we investigate a proper mechanism to better prevent perturbation on PR devices using the Grey model and Kalman filter as a prediction model for predicting the density of primary receivers. In addition, we provide a strategy to combine the obtained observations into a metric that can be used in routing design in the context of coexistence between Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) and primary networks. The proposed strategy, using fuzzy logic, is presented in Chapter 5. In this chapter, we investigate how the routing layer reacts and makes the right decisions to maximise the spectrum resources, while avoiding interference with the primary receivers. For instance, a CR node can operate in an overlap region if primary receivers are inactive within this area. Also, we propose a routing mechanism based on the DYMO routing protocol that takes into account the observed relative impact. In the same chapter, we provide some practical scenarios illustrating the usefulness of our proposal. Interconnecting the CR nodes in CRNs is also a critical problem for the establishment of the network. We therefore present a beacon-based dissemination process in Chapter 6. In this chapter, we also describe a practical device designed for cognitive radio experiments. Even though our work affects different protocol layers, the designed framework is cross-layered. Indeed, the different components of the proposed framework access the various layers to retrieve information, process it, and react accordingly. Thus, our work constitutes a cross-layer framework for a local cognitive radio that aims to minimise the interference and maximise the network resources in cognitive radio networks

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32

Winchester, Jason B., Arnold G. Nelson, Laura K. Stewart y Michael H. Stone. "Testosterone to Cortisol Ratio Shows Strong Relationship with Adaptation to a Strength and Power Training Regimen in American Style Collegiate Football Player". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4518.

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VAZ, FILHO PEDRO SERICO. "PROMOÇÃO DA CIDADANIA PELAS RÁDIOS COMUNITÁRIAS DO ABCD PAULISTA, SOB DESAFIOS E ENFRENTAMENTOS POLÍTICOS". Universidade Metodista de Sao Paulo, 2016. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/1553.

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This research, entitled "Promotion of citizenship through community radios of Grande ABCD Paulista, under challenges and political confrontations," studies eleven community radios authorized by the Ministry of Communications for the Grande ABCD Paulista. In the region, five cities, of the seven existing houses there community radios, as in Diadema (radios “Navegantes” and “Nova Diadema”); in Mauá (radios “Mauá” and “Z”); in Ribeirão Pires (radio “Pérola da Serra”); in Rio Grande da Serra (radio “Esplanada”) and in São Bernardo do Campo (the radios “Lírio dos Vales”, “Nova Riacho”, “Paraty”, “Princesa” and “Represa”). The other two cities of that region, Santo André and São Caetano do Sul, community stations are not authorized to register and there is none functioning. The aim of this study is to reveal the shape of the mentioned broadcasters; the contribution they provide to the promotion of citizenship and social inclusion; their structural operational issues for survival and actions to overcome these issues. The methodology used consists of bibliographic research, desk research, interviews, visits to the radios and programming study. It was studied the history of the region; the concepts of citizenship; participation; community broadcasting and the trajectory of the broadcasters. As a result, there was a query on official institutions for knowledge of community radios operating with permission in Grande ABCD Paulista. Later, followed the search several observation visits. The interviews had semi-structured features with the broadcasters and other subjects for this job, experts on this theme. It was concluded that there are numerous difficulties that the eleven community stations from Grande ABCD Paulista face to be able to keep operating radio stations. Maintenance of troubles occurs primarily by the force of legislation responsible for such community radio segment, which prevents you from getting commercial support and sponsorship.
Esta pesquisa, intitulada “Promoção da cidadania pelas rádios comunitárias do ABCD Paulista, sob desafios e enfrentamentos políticos”, estuda 11 rádios comunitárias autorizadas pelo Ministério das Comunicações para funcionamento no Grande ABCD Paulista. Na região, cinco cidades das sete ali existentes abrigam rádios comunitárias, como Diadema (rádios “Navegantes” e “Nova Diadema”); Mauá (rádios “Mauá” e “Z”); Ribeirão Pires (rádio “Pérola da Serra”); Rio Grande da Serra (rádio “Esplanada”) e São Bernardo do Campo (rádios “Lírio dos Vales”, “Nova Riacho”, “Paraty”, “Princesa” e “Represa”). As outras duas cidades daquele território, Santo André e São Caetano do Sul, não registram emissoras comunitárias autorizadas para funcionamento. O objetivo deste estudo é o de revelar o perfil das mencionadas emissoras; a contribuição que oferecem aos processos da promoção de cidadania e inclusão social; seus problemas operacionais estruturais para sobrevivência e reações para superação. A metodologia utilizada consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, entrevistas, visitas às rádios e estudo de programação. Estudou-se o histórico da região; os conceitos de cidadania; participação; radiodifusão comunitária e a própria trajetória das emissoras. Na sequência, houve a consulta em instituições oficiais para o conhecimento das rádios comunitárias autorizadas para funcionamento no ABCD. Posteriormente, seguiu-se a pesquisa com várias visitas de observação. As entrevistas tiveram características semiestruturadas com os radialistas e demais depoentes para este trabalho, especialistas na presente temática. Concluiu-se que existem inúmeras dificuldades que as 11 emissoras comunitárias do ABCD Paulista enfrentam para conseguir manter as rádios funcionamento. A manutenção das dificuldades se dá principalmente pela força da legislação responsável por tal segmento radiofônico comunitário, que o impede de obter apoio comercial e patrocínios.

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Bagayoko, Abdoulaye. "Partage du spectre radiofréquence sous contraintes d'interférences". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CERG0500.

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Le spectre électromagnétique est une ressource naturelle dont l'usage doit être optimisé. Un grand nombre de travaux actuels visent à améliorer l'utilisation des fréquences radio en y introduisant un degré de flexibilité rendu possible par l'agilité en forme d'onde et en fréquence permise par la radio logicielle (SDR), ainsi que par les méthodes de traitement intelligent du signal (radio cognitive). Cette thèse se place dans ce contexte. Concrètement, nous considérons le problème de partage du spectre électromagnétique entre plusieurs utilisateurs sous contraintes d'interférence mutuelle. Notre objectif est de contribuer à l'évaluation du gain du partage de cette ressource rare qu'est le spectre électromagnétique. En étudiant le canal gaussien d'interférence avec l'interférence traitée comme du bruit additif gaussien aux différents récepteurs, nous avons trouvé une description géométrique et plusieurs caractérisations de la région des débits atteignables. Ensuite, considérant un cas plus réaliste où chaque utilisateur a une certaine qualité de service, nous avons trouvé une condition nécessaire et suffisante pour permettre la communication simultanée à travers le canal gaussien d'interférence pour deux utilisateurs. Dans un scénario de partage entre un utilisateur primaire ayant une plus grande priorité d'accès au spectre et un utilisateur secondaire, après avoir déterminé des bornes minimales pour le débit du primaire en fonction du schéma d'allocation de puissance de l'utilisateur secondaire, nous avons proposé une technique originale d'allocation de puissance pour l'utilisateur secondaire accédant de manière opportuniste au spectre sous contraintes de performance de coupure pour tous les utilisateurs. En particulier, cette technique d'allocation de puissance n'utilise que l'information sur l'état des canaux des liens directs allant de l'émetteur secondaire vers les autres points du réseau. Finalement, considérant des modèles de canaux plus réalistes; après avoir montré l'existence d'une zone d'exclusion autour du récepteur primaire (zone où il n'y a aucun transmetteur secondaire, dans le but de protéger l'utilisateur primaire contre les fortes interférences), nous avons caractérisé l'effet du shadowing et du path-loss sur cette zone d'exclusion du primaire
In this thesis, we address the problem of spectrum-sharing for wireless communication where multiple users attempt to access a common spectrum resource under mutual interference constraints. Our objective is to evaluate the gains of sharing by investigating different scenarios of spectrum access. Studying the Gaussian Interference Channel with interferences considered as noise, we found a geometrical description and several characteristics of the achievable rate region. Considering a more realistic scenario, with each user having a certain QoS, we found necessary and sufficient condition to be fulfilled for simultaneous communication over the two-user Gaussian Interference Channel. Furthermore, we proposed two lower bounds for a single-primary-user mean rate, depending on the secondary user power control scheme. Specially, we investigated an original power control policy, for a secondary user, under outage performance requirement for both users and partial knowledge of the channel state information. Finally, considering a spectrums-haring with a licensee or primary user and several secondary or cognitive users, we showed the existence of an exclusive region around the primary receiver and we characterized the effects of shadowing and path-loss on this exclusive region (or no-talk zone)

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Johansson, Alexandra. "Physiological stress and behavioural differences in broiler breeder hens subjected to daily and 5:2 feed restriction regimens". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129012.

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Feed restriction in the parental stock of meat producing chickens, broiler breeders, is essential in order to decrease the high growth rate that they are genetically selected for. The feed restriction does however lead to chronic hunger and stress. Stress can be measured by counting H/L ratios and the method of manually counting H/L ratios was evaluated. The method was not a good way to ensure reliable individual H/L ratios but still gives an H/L ratio indication on a group level and was therefore still used in the study. Two different feeding regimens were investigated in the study: 5:2 skip-a-day (SKIP) with two fasting days and daily feed restriction (CTRL), with chickens sampled at 9 and 12 weeks of age. There was no significant difference in body mass between the treatments at either age. SKIP chickens had significantly higher H/L ratios compared to CTRL at 12 weeks of age (P=0.020), but both treatments had H/L ratios above the reported limit of stress (0.5). The SKIP group on a feeding day significantly increased plasma glucose levels during the day (10.3 to 11.5 mmol/L, P=0.020) and had significantly higher liver mass and liver glycogen levels compared to the CTRL (P≤0.001). The SKIP group were also less fearful on fasting days and significantly less active than the CTRL (P≤0.050), regardless of age or daily feed differences. The conclusion was that both treatments were stressed but skip-a-day chickens were habituated to their regimen and did not experience worse welfare than daily fed broiler breeders.

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Faria, Gleikam lopes de Oliveira. "Contribuição de técnicas análiticas nucleares no regate da pré-história brasileira: análise de cerâmicas arqueológicas da tradição Tupigurani". CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2011. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=312.

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During the Program for Prospection and Excavation of the Archaeological Heritage from Areas Affected by the Installation of the Second Line of Pipeline Samarco, several sherds were excavated from archaeological sites with more historical value, Bota-Fora and Hiuton. These sites are located in the Brazilian State of Espírito Santo, where the Jesuitical Missions were built during the XVI century. Ceramic is a very resistant material to time and also TO the natural conditions in the surrounding areas, and IT IS CONSIDERED an important vestige in archaeometry due to its elemental composition Therefore, in this research the concentration of Al, As, Ba, Br, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, I, K, La, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, Yb, Zn, Zr were determined in the pottery fragments by neutron activation technique, using the TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1 nuclear reactor located at CDTN/CNEN. This study is the first one developed in Brazil, in which the elemental concentration values were interpreted by statistical analysis applying R package software that promotes robust methods, supported by archaeological interpretations. The results pointed out that the pottery from the sites were made by clay from different resources and the earthenware from Bota-Fora site was made by clay of different compositions pointing out different provenances. The X ray powder diffraction analyses were carried out in order to determine the mineral composition and Mössbauer spectroscopy was applied to provide information on both degree of firing and atmosphere in order to reconstruct the Indian firing strategies temperature used on pottery. Related to burning temperature, the information from the X ray powder diffraction technique found was not relevant; however, the results from Mössbauer technique pointed out that the firing should be happen in bonfire, the traditional Indian burning process, without Portuguese settler influence, the use of ovens. These conclusions may support future studies contributing for a better understanding of the Tupiguarani tradition, helping in the reconstruction of the Brazilian prehistory.
No Programa de Prospecção e Resgate do Patrimônio Arqueológico das Áreas Atingidas pela Instalação da Segunda Linha do Mineroduto Samarco, foram resgatados fragmentos de cerâmicas dos sítios arqueológicos de maior valor histórico, Bota-Fora e Hiuton. Esses sítios estão localizados no Espírito Santo, onde se estabeleceram Missões Jesuíticas no século XVI em tribos indígenas da tradição Tupiguarani. Por ser um material resistente ao tempo, às variações climáticas e normalmente conter elementos traço, a cerâmica é um testemunho arqueológico importante em arqueometria. Portanto, nesta pesquisa, os elementos Al, As, Ba, Br, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Dy, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hf, I, K, La, Mn, Na, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, Yb, Zn, Zr foram determinados nos fragmentos pela técnica de ativação neutrônica, utilizando o reator nuclear de pesquisa TRIGA MARK I IPR-R1 do CDTN/CNEN. Este trabalho foi o primeiro no Brasil em que os valores de concentração elementar foram interpretados por meio de análises estatísticas aplicando o programa R que valoriza métodos robustos, associados às interpretações dos arqueólogos. Os resultados sugerem que as cerâmicas dos dois sítios arqueológicos foram confeccionadas por matéria-prima de fonte de argila diferentes, e que os utensílios do sítio Bota-Fora foram confeccionados com matérias primas provenientes de fontes distintas. Também foram realizadas análises de difratometria de raios X para o estudo da composição mineralógica, além das análises de espectroscopia Mössbauer, ambas com o objetivo de auxiliar no entendimento de qual tecnologia de queima foi usada nas cerâmicas. Em relação à temperatura de queima alcançada, pela análise de difração de raios X não foi possível fazer inferências. Entretanto, os resultados obtidos pela técnica de espectroscopia Mössbauer indicam que a queima desses utensílios, deve ter acontecido em fogueiras, a céu aberto, não havendo influência do colonizador português que já utilizava fornos. Estas conclusões poderão auxiliar em trabalhos posteriores para um melhor entendimento da cultura da tradição Tupiguarani, auxiliando na reconstrução da Pré-história brasileira.

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Miranda, Marianna Sorozini Ferreira de. "Efeitos de regimes de sobreclareamento associados a produtos clareadores caseiros sobre o conteúdo mineral e a rugosidade do esmalte dentário humano". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7435.

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O clareamento dental se tornou um dos tratamentos estéticos mais realizados nos consultórios odontológicos, devido à simplicidade técnica e popularização através da mídia. Consiste na utilização de géis à base de peróxido de carbamida, peróxido de hidrogénio e, em uma menor escala, de perborato de sódio, com intuito de oxidar moléculas responsáveis pela pigmentação da estrutura dentária. Apesar da grande quantidade de estudos sobre o tema, não se sabe os efeitos do uso excessivo desses agentes sobre a estrutura dentária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sobre a rugosidade superficial e conteúdo mineral do esmalte dental humano submetido a regimes de sobreclareamento associados ao uso de géis clareadores caseiros: peróxido de carbamida 10% (Opalescence PF Regular 10%, Ultradent do Brasil Produtos Odontológicos Ltda., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% (DayWhite 9,5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), bem como tiras clareadoras (Oral-B WhiteStrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, Estados Unidos). Quatro fragmentos de esmalte obtidos a partir de cinco dentes foram submetidos a um diferente tratamento: Grupo I - armazenamento em saliva artificial por oito semanas; Grupo 2 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de carbamida 10% por 6 horas diárias; Grupo 3 oito semanas de tratamento com gel de peróxido de hidrogênio 9,5% com duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos; Grupo 4 oito semanas de tratamento com tiras clareadoras duas aplicações diárias de 30 minutos. A alteração no conteúdo mineral foi avaliada semanalmente em seis pontos de cada fragmento devidamente identificados através de um sistema de coordenadas (X, Y e Z) utilizando-se a técnica de fluorescência de raios X (Artax 200). Alterações na rugosidade superficial das amostras também foram avaliadas através de um rugosímetro 3D (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, Reino Unido). Apenas o grupo 3 apresentou diferenças estatísticas significativas com relação aos níveis de rugosidade (p<0,05), porém não consideradas como clinicamente significativos. Para os demais tratamentos e intervalos propostos, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05). Desse modo, não houve alterações compatíveis com um processo de desmineralização ou aumento real da rugosidade da superfície. Nas condições desse estudo in vitro os géis clareadores caseiros foram considerados seguros. São necessários novos estudos in situ e in vitro que analisem os efeitos de regimes de sobreclareamento quando em condições de somatório de desafios intra-orais.
Tooth bleaching has become one of the most performed cosmetic treatments in dental offices because of the technical simplicity and popularization through media. It is based in the use of gels containing carbamide peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium perborate to oxidize molecules responsible for pigmentation of the tooth structure. Despite the large amount of studies of the topic, the effects of overuse of these agents on tooth structure are not established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on the surface roughness and mineral content of the enamel submitted to overbleaching protocols associated with the use of home bleaching gels: 10 % carbamide peroxide (Opalescence PF 10 % Regular, Ultradent Dental Products of Brazil Ltd., Indaiatuba, São Paulo), hydrogen peroxide 9.5% (DayWhite 9.5%, Discus, LLC Culver City, EUA), as well as bleaching strips (Oral- B Whitestrips, Anderson Packaging, Rockford, USA). Four enamel fragments obtained from five teeth were subjected to different treatments: Group I - storage in artificial saliva for eight weeks; Group 2 eight-week exposure to 10% carbamide peroxide gel for 6 hours daily; Group 3 eight-week exposure to 9,5% hydrogen peroxide gel - two 30-minute application, Group 4 eight-week exposure to bleaching strips - twice daily for 30 minutes. The change in mineral content was assessed weekly with the analysis of six points in each fragment properly identified by a coordinate system (X, Y and Z) using the technique of X-ray fluorescence (Artax 200). Changes in surface roughness of the samples were also evaluated using a 3D perfilometer (FormTalysurf 60, Taylor Leicester, UK). Only group 3 showed statistically significant differences for roughness (p <0.05), but this is not considered as clinically important. For other proposed treatments and intervals, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the treatments tested in any of the proposed ranges (p > 0,05). There was no sign of demineralization process. Under these in vitro conditions, home bleaching gels were considered safe. Further in situ and in vivo studies are necessary to examine the effects of overbleaching protocols with all other intra-oral challenges.

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yasami, saeed. "Design and Evaluation of an Ultra-Low PowerLow Noise Amplifier LNA". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-50923.

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This master thesis deals with the study of ultra low power Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) for use inmedical implant device. Usually, low power consumption is required for a long battery lifetime andlonger operation. The target technology is 90nm CMOS process.First basic principle of LNA is discussed. Then based on a literature review of LNA design, theproposed LNA is presented in sub-threshold region which reduce power consumption through scalingthe supply voltage and through scaling current.The circuit implementation and simulations is presented to testify the performance of LNA .Besides thepower consumption simulated under the typical supply voltage (1V), it is also measured under someother low supply voltages (down to 0.5V) to investigate the minimum power consumption and theminimum noise figure. Evaluation results show that at a supply voltage of 1V the LNA performs a totalpower consumption of 20mW and a noise of 1dB. Proper performance is achieved with a current ofdown to 200uA and supply voltage of down to 0.45V, and a total power consumption of 200uW

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39

Burström, Annika. "Trends in mass balance indexes connected to spatial location and precipitation : Remote sensing of 111 glaciers in the Everest region". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77138.

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Studies of Himalayan glacial response to climatic forcing are few and a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the two is needed. This has been highlighted by recent controversies over future glacier change in this area. This study has therefore reviewed if there is a connection between glacier mass balance indexes and precipitation pattern in the Everest region. 111 glaciers were mapped in ArcGIS through remote sensing. Glacial total area, accumulation area as well as snowline altitudes and aspect were mapped. From this, the two mass balance indexes Accumulation Area Ratio, AAR and Area-Altitude Balance Ratios, AABR were derived. The intention was to search for patterns. In addition to this, an expedition to parts of the study area was conducted in March to April 2011. Hundreds of photographs of snow stratigraphy, debris cover ice snouts, accumulation etc were taken. The expedition also led to an understanding of the environment and of the glaciers which was helpful for the assessment of the remote sensing results. No pattern in glacier size, ELA, AAR or AABR was found that suggests a connection between mass balance and local precipitation pattern. The glaciers instead appear to be more sensitive to elevation. The largest glaciers and highest AAR and AABR are found at high - although not the highest - elevations.

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Greig, Denise J. "Health, disease, mortality and survival in wild and rehabilitated harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) in San Francisco Bay and along the central California coast". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1885.

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Conventional methods for health assessment of wild-caught and stranded seals were used to describe the disease status of harbor seals in California. Clinical chemistry, infectious disease prevalence, immune function, and contaminant data were collected to evaluate harbor seal health with data collected from three groups of seals. Wild-caught seals of all ages were sampled at two locations: San Francisco Bay (a heavily urbanized estuary) and Tomales Bay (a less developed control site). Stranded seals entered rehabilitation from a more extensive portion of the California coast which included the locations where seals were caught. Hematology reference intervals were generated to provide a baseline for health assessment among the seals. Individual variability in blood variables among seals was affected by age, sex, location, and girth. Disease surveillance focused on pathogens known to cause lesions in harbor seals, zoonoses, and those with terrestrial sources. Specific pathogens of interest were E coli, Clostridium perfringens, Vibrio spp, Campylobacter spp, Salmonella, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, avian influenza virus, Brucella, Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis neurona, and Neospora caninum, Leptospira spp, and phocine and canine distemper virus. There was evidence of exposure to all pathogens except for phocine distemper virus. Simple measures of immune response were used to evaluate the immune function of harbor seal pups in rehabilitation that had evidence of previous bacterial infection. The swelling response to a subcutaneous injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was positively associated with growth rate, possibly illustrating the energetic trade-offs between growth and immunity. Blubber contaminant concentrations (PCBs, DDTs, PBDEs, CHLDs, and HCHs) in harbor seal pups were grouped by extent of suckling and strand location. The ratio of PCB:DDT was increased in San Francisco Bay and decreased in Monterey Bay compared with other locations along the coast. Pups that weaned in the wild, lost weight and then stranded had the highest contaminant levels, equivalent to the concentrations detected in stranded adult harbor seals. Dispersal and survival were monitored by satellite telemetry in harbor seal pups released from rehabilitation and recently weaned wild-caught pups to assess the effect of condition, health, and contaminant levels on survival probability. Increased contaminant levels and decreased thyroxine (T4) were associated with decreased survival probability. Increased mass, particularly among the rehabilitated pups, was associated with increased survival probability. This study demonstrates that health and survival of harbor seals pups along the central California coast are impacted by human activities such as contaminant disposal, pathogen pollution and boat traffic, although the variability in individual health measures requires carefully designed studies to detect these effects.

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41

Ramathebane, Maseabata Venus. "A review of antiretroviral medicine cost in primary health care clinics in Lesotho / M.V. Ramathebane". Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4742.

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HIV/AIDS treatment is costly. Lesotho as a resource–limited country depends mostly on donor funding for HIV/AIDS treatment and care. Knowledge of how much was spent on treatment of HIV/AIDS was lacking. This leads to overstocking of some ART medicines resulting in expiry. Sufficient funds need to be secured for the treatment programme. The main objective of the study is to assess the cost of antiretroviral medication treatments, by specifically assessing the cost of antiretroviral regimens, antiretroviral side effects, and the cost of medicines used for prophylaxis and treatment of opportunistic infections as well as the cost of monitoring laboratory tests and dietary supplements. The study engaged both public and private ART clinics in the Maseru District in Lesotho. The study population consisted of 1 424 patients and study period was between 12 and 56 months from January 2004 to August 2008. Retrospective observational method was used. The cost for HIV/AIDS treatment comprised the cost of antiretroviral medicines and those used for their side effects, opportunistic infections (OI) prophylaxis and treatment, dietary supplements as well as monitoring laboratory tests. Prescribed daily dose (PDD) was used to calculate the cost of all the medicines used. To determine significant differences in average costs for various regimens d– values were used, while a cost/prevalence index was used to determine whether the cost was worth spending on the population or not. Cost–effectiveness ratio was also utilized in order to assess whether the cost born was worth the benefit. The main findings revealed that regimens 1a (stavudine/lamivudine/nevirapine) and 1c (zidovudine/lamivudine/nevirapine) were the least expensive (cost/prevalence index of 0.6 and 0.7 respectively). Regimens containing efavirenz were found to be more expensive than those containing nevirapine (cost/prevalence index of 1.2 and 1.7 respectively). When using d–values, there was a significant difference between the cost of regimens 1a and 1b, 1a and 1d, 1c and 1d and the information could be used for regimen switching decisions. Increase in CD4 cell count was more in stavudine–based regimens than in zidovudine–based regimens, which cost less per treatment. Cost effectiveness ratio was lower in 1a with R9.42/1cell/mm3 of CD4 cell count increase, and the highest was 1d with R31.77/1cell/mm3 of CD4 cell count increase. Therefore it was concluded that stavudine–based regimens are less costly as they have the lowest cost– effectiveness ratio in the Lesotho clinic environment.
Thesis (M.Pharm. (Pharmacy Practice))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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42

Johansson, Gustav y Fredrik Söderlund. "How to ensure that the nightmare won’t happen again : Bankernas nyckeltal, kapitalstruktur och riskreglering i ett konjunkturperspektiv". Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-3173.

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Syftet är att evaluera Baselramverkets riskreglering i en konjunkturcykel med hänsyn till Östersjöregionens storbankers systemviktiga funktion.

Studien antar främst en kvantitativ ansats i de två första delarna, nyckeltalsanalysen och buffertsimuleringen men även en kvalitativ ansats antas i den tredje delen, intervjuer.

Studien utgår från teorierna om Basel I och Basel II, nyckeltalsteori samt från tidigare forskning.

Resultatet i studien består av nyckeltalanalys och simulering av åtta, i Östersjöregionen verksamma, bankers nyckeltal och buffert under 21 år samt sex djupintervjuer med representanter för såväl banker som regulatorer.

Slutsatser

Att det inte finns något samband mellan Baselregleringens kapitaltäckning och bankernas risk eller konjunktur, att riskvägningen tenderar till att vara godtycklig och har större påverkan på buffert än Baselregleringens kapitaltäckning samt att mer transparens behövs i bankerna tyder på att Baselregleringens kapitaltäckningskrav i mycket liten utsträckning visar Östersjöregionens storbankers faktiska risk.

The purpose is to evaluate the Basel framework risk regulation in an economic cycle, in account to the systemic function of the large banks in the Baltic Sea region.

The study mainly adopts a quantitative approach in the two first parts, the key ratio analysis and the buffer simulation. A qualitative element is also implemented in the third part, interviews.

In a theoretical perspective the study is based on the Basel I and Basel II framework, key ratio theories and previously conducted research.

The result consists of key ratios analysis and buffer simulation for eight banks in the Baltic Sea region for a period of 21 years and interviews with six representatives of banks and regulatory institutions.

Conclusion

The absence of correlation between the Basel regulation capital adequacy and the bank risk nor economic cycle, that risk weighting tends to be arbitrary and have greater impact on bank buffer than capital adequacy regulation has, and that more transparency is needed in banking; suggests that the Basel capital adequacy to a small extent reflect actual risk.

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43

Mishra, Bhogendra. "LAND COVER/USE CHANGE AND CHANGE PATTERN DETECTION USING RADAR AND OPTICAL IMAGES : AN INSTANCE OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192156.

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Huaman, Denis Pavel Cabezas. "Estudo em múltiplas frequências da baixa atmosfera solar durante explosões". Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2015. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1303.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:35:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DENIS PAVEL CABEZAS HUAMAN.pdf: 1718725 bytes, checksum: b98f52c6b4dac9b37a33cc5bc62d871e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The project aims to study the disturbances (responses) of the low solar atmosphere caused by solar flares, using Hα, 30 THz (10 μm), UV/EUV, soft and hard X-rays observations, and a wide range of radio waves emissions (microwaves, millimeter, sub-millimeter). This set of multispectral data enabled us to (i) examine in detail various aspects of the phenomena, (ii) determine the origin of the radio emission during the gradual phase, and therefore (iii) understand the mechanism of the particles acceleration. The data we used for the completion of this study are based on Hα and 30 THz (10 μm) observations, made by the high cadence flare imaging system installed at OSM4 and CASLEO5 observatories, additionally data from HASTA (H-Alpha Solar Telescope for Argentina) telescope installed at OAFA6 observatory. In the sub-millimeter and millimeter domain at 212, 405 GHz and 45, 90 GHz, were from SST (Solar Sub-millimeter Telescope) and from POEMAS (POlarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun) solar radio telescopes, respectively. Complementary radio observations in the microwave range (0.2-15 GHz) from RSTN (Radio Solar Telescope Network) were considered. In addition, solar observations obtained by RHESSI (Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager), Fermi and GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) satellites in X-ray channels, and from AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly) and HMI (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager) instruments, onboard the SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory) satellite, respectively.
O trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as perturbações da baixa atmosfera solar produzidas pelas explosões solares, usando observações em Hα, 30 THz (10 μm), UV/EUV, raios X e uma ampla faixa de emissões em ondas de rádio (microondas, milimétrica, submilimétrica); com o propósito de determinar a natureza dos processos físicos envolvidos. Este conjunto de dados multiespectrais nos permitiu (i) analisar os diferentes aspectos das explosões tanto na fase impulsiva como gradual, (ii) determinar a origem da emissão em rádio durante a fase gradual, e consequentemente (iii) entender melhor os mecanismos de aceleração das partículas. Os dados em Hα e 30 THz foram fornecidos pelo sistema de aquisição de dados com alta resolução temporal, instalado nos observatórios OSM1 e CASLEO2, adicionalmente dados do telescópio HASTA (H-Alpha Solar Telescope for Argentina) instalado no observatório OAFA3. Enquanto as observações em rádio, os dados foram do rádio polarímetro POEMAS (POlarization Emission of Millimeter Activity at the Sun) nas frequências de 45 e 90 GHz, do telescópio SST (Sub-millimeter Solar Telescope) nas frequências 212 e 405 GHz, ambos instalados no CASLEO. Dados na faixa de microondas (0,2-15 GHz) obtidos pela rede RSTN (Radio Solar Telescope Network). Além disso, foram considerados observações do Sol obtidas pelos satélites RHESSI (Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager), Fermi e GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) para raios X, e dos instrumentos AIA (Atmospheric Imaging Assembly), HMI (Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager), a bordo do satélite SDO (Solar Dynamics Observatory), respectivamente.

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45

Brei, Christina [Verfasser], Johann J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauner, Johann J. [Gutachter] Hauner y Regina [Gutachter] Ensenauer. "Effect of changing the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio in the maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on child body composition and neurodevelopment: long-term results from the INFAT study / Christina Brei ; Gutachter: Johann J. Hauner, Regina Ensenauer ; Betreuer: Johann J. Hauner". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149252316/34.

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46

Casoli, Fabienne. "Nuages moléculaires, formation d'étoiles et structure spirale". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077099.

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Résultats d'observation millimétriques de **(12)CO et **(13)CO, utilisés comme traceurs des nuages moléculaires. Etude de leur structure en fonction de la présence d'une barre, de bras spiraux ou d'une interaction. Présentation de quelques cas plus ou moins actifs

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47

FEDERICO, LUCA. "L'apprendistato letterario di Raffaele La Capria". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1005664.

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Superati «novant’anni d’impazienza» e dopo un lungo periodo votato all’autocommento e all’esplorazione delle proprie intenzioni, Raffaele La Capria ha raccolto le sue opere in due Meridiani curati da Silvio Perrella. La Capria ne ha celebrato l’uscita nella prolusione inaugurale di Salerno Letteratura, poi confluita nel breve autoritratto narrativo "Introduzione a me stesso" (2014). In questa sede, l’autore è tornato su alcuni punti essenziali della sua riflessione sulla scrittura, come la relazione, reciproca e ineludibile, fra tradizione e contemporaneità. All’epilogo del «romanzo involontario» di una vita, La Capria guarda retrospettivamente alla propria esperienza come ad un’autentica educazione intellettuale. Perciò, muovendo da un’intervista inedita del 2015, riportata integralmente in appendice, la tesi ha l’obiettivo di ricostruire l’apprendistato letterario di La Capria dai primi anni Trenta, quando l’autore ancora frequentava il ginnasio, fino all’inizio dei Sessanta, quando ottenne il premio che ne avrebbe assicurato il successo. Il percorso, che riesamina l’intera bibliografia lacapriana nella sua varietà e nella sua stratificazione, si articola in una serie di fasi interdipendenti: la partecipazione indiretta alle iniziative dei GUF (intorno alle riviste «IX maggio» e «Pattuglia»); l’incursione nel giornalismo e l’impegno culturale nell’immediato dopoguerra (sulle pagine di «Latitudine» e di «SUD»); l’attività di traduttore dal francese e dall’inglese (da André Gide a T.S. Eliot); l’impiego alla RAI come autore e conduttore radiofonico (con trasmissioni dedicate a Orwell, Stevenson, Saroyan e Faulkner); la collaborazione con «Il Gatto Selvatico», la rivista dell’ENI voluta da Enrico Mattei e diretta da Attilio Bertolucci; e le vicende editoriali dei suoi primi due romanzi, “Un giorno d’impazienza” (1952) e “Ferito a morte” (1961), fino alla conquista dello Strega. La rilettura dell’opera di uno scrittore semi-autobiografico come La Capria, attraverso il costante riscontro di fonti giornalistiche, testimonianze epistolari e documenti d’archivio che avvalorano e occasionalmente smentiscono la sua versione dei fatti, diventa allora un’occasione per immergersi nella sua mitografia personale e avventurarsi in territori finora poco esplorati: come la ricostruzione del suo profilo culturale, a partire dal milieu in cui La Capria vive e opera, o l’incidenza delle letture e delle esperienze giovanili sulla sua prassi letteraria.

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48

Wu, Liang-Chu y 吳糧竹. "Legal Issues regarding Prior Permission Regime for Radio Spectrum Usage". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07304072623671691600.

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碩士
國立清華大學
科技法律研究所
100
Our government has adopted the prior permission regime for radio spectrum usage for a long time. The regime requires that users have to comply with certain requirements and technical specifications and approved by the regulator of their license applications before they use specific radio bands. The legitimacy of such a heavy regulation is generally believed that the spectrum is scarce, if two or more devices transmit message by using the same radio band at the same time and place, they will interfere with each other and can’t be used. However, the “underground radio” issue in our country exactly shows the inefficiency of this regime. In July 2010, the Council of Grand Justices delivered Constitutional Interpretation No. 678, which responded to the underground radio station operator’s petition, made the discussion of maintaining the prior permission regime or not into the constitutional level. The various spectrum sharing technologies develop rapidly today, so the prior permission regime that requires users to apply exclusive licenses before they use spectrum due to the scarcity has gradually been challenged. The spectrum policy of our country also needs to be reviewed and adjusted. On the other hand, the regulators of foreign countries have gradually thought outside the box. For example, the United States and the European Union have issued the regulatory regime for spectrum sharing. Refer to the experience of the United States and the European Union, this article will put forward the appropriate suggestion for the regulatory regime for spectrum which is able to respond to changes in technological development.

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49

SACCHETTINI, RODOLFO. "La ‘radiofonica arte invisibile’: il radiodramma italiano dalle origini alla televisione". Doctoral thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/578925.

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Barata, Catarina Sofia Marques. "A programação do Rádio Clube de Moçambique durante a Guerra Colonial". Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/37254.

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O presente estudo tem como principal objetivo perceber e analisar a programação do Rádio Clube de Moçambique durante a Guerra Colonial, e como este servia de instrumento de propaganda do Estado Novo. Devido ao seu alinhamento com o regime português e à existência de receitas angariadas pela exploração do mercado publicitário, a estação conseguiu alcançar a hegemonia da radiodifusão em Moçambique. Ao longo dos anos, esta estação radiofónica expandiu-se pelo território, a partir de Lourenço Marques, com o apoio do poder colonial. A relação era, aliás, caracterizada por uma troca de favores mútuos: ao RCM interessava que o Estado continuasse interessado em investir na estação, e, para o Governo, o RCM era uma estação preponderante para conseguir transmitir os seus feitos e ideais junto da população da colónia africana. Através da leitura da Revista Rádio Moçambique, entre outubro de 1964 e outubro de 1967, pode-se constatar que o Rádio Clube de Moçambique foi uma estação radiofónica que desempenhou uma função importante na promoção do regime colonial. Os resultados obtidos permitiram apurar ainda que o Rádio Clube de Moçambique, durante o período da Guerra Colonial, servia significativamente como um meio de entretenimento para a população branca de Moçambique, oferecendo uma programação repleta de programas musicais
This study has as main objective to understand and analyse the programming of Rádio Clube de Moçambique during the Colonial War, and how it served as a propaganda tool for the Estado Novo. Due to its alignment with the Portuguese regime and the existence of revenues raised by the exploitation of the advertising market, the station managed to achieve the hegemony of broadcasting in Mozambique. Over the years, this radio station has expanded throughout the territory, starting in Lourenço Marques, with the support of colonial power. The relationship was characterized by an exchange of mutual favours: the RCM was interested in the investment that came from the state, and the government was interested in the preponderance of the radio station in transmitting ideals and achievements to the population. By reading the magazine Rádio Moçambique, between October 1964 and October 1967, it becomes clear that Rádio Clube de Moçambique was an important radio station that played a decisive role in promoting the colonial regime. The results obtained made it also possible to conclude that this radio station served as a mean of entertainment to the white people of Mozambique, offering a program full of musical programs.

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