Bibliografías temáticas / Radiation – Safety measures

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Radiation – Safety measures"

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Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021
Última modificación: 27 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Radiation – Safety measures"

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Nair, Sajeesh S., Saral Kumar Gupta, N. S. Shine, K. T. Thomas, P. R. Bijumon, Stanly George, Sarath S. Nair y Anu K. George. "Evaluating the Cumulative Effects of Fundamental Radiation Safety Measures on Health Professionals in Cath Lab". Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 17, n.º 19 (14 de mayo de 2024): 1961–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v17i19.881.

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Objectives: The significant rise in modern cath lab units has led to a proportionate increase in cath lab procedures and subsequent radiation environment may elevate the occupational radiation exposure to staff. This study aimed to assess the collective impact of fundamental radiation safety devices in the cath lab on decreasing occupational radiation exposure to staff. Methods: This study was conducted in our cath lab room, equipped with a Siemens Artis cath lab unit. Measurements were performed using RaySafe X2 detectors and Thermo Luminescent Dosimeters (TLDs). Dose assessments were conducted without safety measures and then found a considerable reduction of dose by adding basic radiation safety measures. Findings: The use of lead aprons resulted in a substantial reduction( 92%) in radiation dose. The effect of time and distance versus dose was plotted. The impact of lead flaps and the use of a ceiling suspension shield quantify reductions in scattered doses. The cumulative impact of each safety measure was calculated, and the outcome indicates a 99% reduction in dose. The importance of utilizing all available protective measures when working with radiation cannot be overstated. It is essential for maximizing safety, minimizing risks, and fostering a culture of safety within radiation environments like cath labs. Novelty: This is a thorough assessment of different radiation protection strategies in the specific setting of a Cath lab. It not only evaluates individual measures but also considers their combined impact and the calculation based on the exit dose from the patient. Keywords: Cardiologist, Radiation Dose, Interventional Radiology, Radiation protection, Cath lab
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Prasanth Dhanapal, T., Noble Joy Manayanipuram y Anuja Anna Cherian. "Radiation Safety: Endodontic Perspective". Conservative Dentistry and Endodontic Journal 2, n.º 1 (2017): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10048-0017.

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ABSTRACT Endodontists belong to the category of specialist dentists who depend much on dental radiography. Starting from the stage of disease diagnosis, radiography is of much importance in different stages of endodontic therapy, and further on radiographic evaluation is a tool for assessment of endodontic treatment. There is a heavy dependency on dental radiography in some form or other in the speciality of endodontics. As is the case with any ionizing radiation, radiation hazard is a phenomenon that matters a lot to this group of dental professionals. There needs to be a change in our attitude toward radiation safety measures, as many of our professional colleagues are seen much not to be bothered about the cumulative outcomes of radiation hazard, which can create havoc in our professional and personal lives. This article outlines the potential hazards that can happen by routine radiographic utilization in endodontic setup and tries to highlight the measures that need to be taken to mitigate the negative effects. How to cite this article Manayanipuram NJ, Dhanapal P, George L, Charlie KM, Cherian AA. Radiation Safety: Endodontic Perspective. Cons Dent Endod J 2017;2(1):8-11.
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Kim, Hyun Suk, Heejeong Jeong, Hyungbin Moon y Sang Hyun Park. "Analytic Hierarchy Process for Prioritizing Radiation Safety Measures in Medical Institutions". Journal of Radiation Protection and Research 49, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2024): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14407/jrpr.2023.00654.

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Background: This study aimed to prioritize policy measures to improve radiation safety management in medical institutions using the analytic hierarchy process.Materials and Methods: It adopted three policy options—engineering, education, and enforcement—to categorize safety management measures, the so-called Harvey’s 3Es. Then, the radiation safety management measures obtained from the current system and other studies were organized into action plan categories. Using the derived model, this study surveyed 33 stakeholders of radiation safety management in medical institutions and analyzed the importance of each measure.Results and Discussion: As a result, these stakeholders generally identified enforcement as the most important factor for improving the safety management system. The study also found that radiation safety officers and medical physicists perceived different measures as important, indicating clear differences in opinions among stakeholders, especially in improving quality assurance in radiation therapy. Hence, the process of coordination and consensus is likely to be critical in improving the radiation safety management system.Conclusion: Stakeholders in the medical field consider enforcement as the most critical factor in improving their safety management systems. Specifically, the most crucial among the six specific action plans was the “reinforcement of the organization and workforce for safety management,” with a relative importance of 25.7%
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Kumar, Suresh, Qudsia Rasool, Muhammad Nazir Awan, Naheed Fatima, Imaran Sikandar y Muhammad Haroon Anwar. "Assessment of Physician Knowledge, Attitude and Safety Practice Towards Radiation Safety". Annals of Punjab Medical College 17, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2023): 382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.29054/apmc/2023.1003.

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Background: Radiations plays an important role in various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures within health facilities, but its use poses inherent risks to both healthcare professionals and patients. Understanding the knowledge, attitude, and safety practices of physicians in relation to radiation safety is paramount for ensuring the well-being of all stakeholders involved. Physicians, as key decision-makers in medical procedures involving radiation, need to be well-informed about the associated risks and safety measures. Objective: To determine the physician knowledge, attitude and safety practice towards radiation safety. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Settings: Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad Pakistan. Duration: March 2020 to February 2021. Methods: All the physician relevant to exposure to ionizing radiation, such as radiology, nuclear medicine, interventional cardiology, and oncology, having minimum one year or more experience in radiological field of either age and gender were included. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire, specifically designed to evaluate participants' understanding of radiation safety principles, their attitudes towards adherence to safety protocols, and their day-to-day practices in radiological procedures. The collected data was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods SPSS version 26. Results: Majority of participants experience medical radiation exposure less than once per week (42.1%), with a significant portion having exposure more than three times per week (40.8%). 90.8% of participants have never undergone a radiation protection course, despite 73.7% expressing willingness to participate in such a course if provided by their institution. 52.7% strongly disagreed that radiation significantly affects childbearing, while 39.5% believe they are safe within 1 meter of radiation exposure. On a positive note, 86.8% of participants correctly identified the ALARA principle for radiation protection. Regarding the implementation of safety protocols, only 28.9% were more likely to wear a lead apron, and 22.4% never wore it. Conclusion: Health care professionals lacks adequate knowledge, training and attitude regarding radiation safety protocols. Lack of adequate knowledge and training leads to poor utilization of radiation safety equipment and it is a source of health hazard for both medical professionals and the patients.
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Maguire, Erin y Alison Spurr. "Implementation of Ultraviolet Radiation Safety Measures for Outdoor Workers". Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 21, n.º 2 (9 de diciembre de 2016): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475416683389.

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) poses a major risk for outdoor workers, putting them at greater risk for skin cancer. In the general population, the incidence of both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers is increasing. It is estimated that 90% of skin cancers in Canada are directly attributable to UVR exposure, making this cancer largely preventable with the appropriate precautions. A scoping review was conducted on the barriers and facilitators to UVR safety in outdoor workers to elucidate why these precautions are not in use currently. We discuss these results according to the Hierarchy of Controls as a means to outline effective and feasible prevention strategies for outdoor workers. In doing so, this review may be used to inform the design of future workplace interventions for UVR safety in outdoor workers to decrease the risk of skin cancer in this vulnerable population.
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Xia, P., N. Yu, M. D. Kolar, A. R. Godley, S. T. Chao, R. D. Tendulkar y J. H. Suh. "Quantitative Measures Improve Safety, Quality, and Efficiency in Radiation Therapy". International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 96, n.º 2 (octubre de 2016): S232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.577.

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Soison, Jeewarit y Manint Usawachintachit. "Radiation safety and protection in urology". Insight Urology 43, n.º 2 (25 de diciembre de 2022): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52786/isu.a.60.

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Urologists are inevitably exposed to ionizing radiation for the length of their professional career due to medical practices in their field. However, awareness with regard to safe practices and the use of protective gear are frequently inadequate. Several studies have confirmed the potential long-term adverse effects of radiation exposure upon patients and medical personnel. All urologists, therefore, need a thorough understanding of radiation physics, and the adverse effects, safety issues, and protective measures associated with the medical practices. This understanding will serve as a foundation for the optimal utilization of radiation and the safety of patients and medical personnel.
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Goula, Aspasia, Athanasios Chatzis, Maria-Aggeliki Stamouli, Martha Kelesi, Evridiki Kaba y Emmanouil Brilakis. "Assessment of Health Professionals’ Attitudes on Radiation Protection Measures". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 24 (19 de diciembre de 2021): 13380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413380.

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(1) Background: Health professionals’ knowledge, beliefs and perceptions concerning radiation protection may affect their behaviour during surgery and consequently influence the quality of health services. This study highlights the health professionals’ average knowledge level and captures the beliefs, perceptions, and behaviours in a large public Greek hospital. (2) Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, including health professionals working in operating rooms. One hundred thirty-two staff members participated by responding to an original questionnaire. The sample consisted of nurses, radiographers and medical doctors of various specialties involved daily in surgical procedures where ionizing radiation is required. The survey was conducted from March to June 2021, and the response rate was 97%. (3) Results: The level of overall knowledge of health professionals regarding radiation protection safety was not satisfactory. Females and employees with a lower level of education had more misconceptions about radiation and radiation protection. Employees of younger ages and with less previous experience were more likely to have negative emotions towards radiation exposure. Finally, employees with fewer children tended to express physical complaints caused by their negative emotions due to radiation exposure. (4) Conclusions: Health professionals’ lack of basic and specialized knowledge concerning radiation protection safety had a negative impact on the provision of health services. The continuing training of the staff seemed to be the only solution to reverse this trend. The training should highlight how radiation exposure can be minimized, safeguarding health professionals’ trust and sense of security by significantly improving their working environment.
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Rahman, Herdani, Joko Harjanto, Rheiner Nicholaus Mawar, Adi Sutrisno y Haekal Ilmi. "BEST PRACTICE PERAN TIM PETUGAS PROTEKSI RADIASI (PPR) DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KESELAMATAN RADIASI DI MANDAYA ROYAL HOSPITAL PURI". Prosiding Seminar Si-INTAN 3, n.º 1 (25 de octubre de 2023): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53862/ssi.v3.092023.023.

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Utilizing ionizing radiation sources at Mandaya Royal Hospital Puri requires strict implementation of radiation protection measures. The principles of radiation protection must be applied meticulously, considering the potential effects. The hospital has a team of radiation protection officers (RPO) comprising radiographers and medical physicists responsible for ensuring radiation safety and implementing radiation protection measures. The RPO team has conducted various radiation protection activities between January and July 2023, including monitoring radiation worker doses, optimizing patient radiation doses, conducting internal and external quality control, checking radiation protection equipment, monitoring supporting equipment related to radiation safety, socializing radiation protection across all hospital departments, and testing room radiation exposure. The RPO team has been executing their 2023 program, adhering to the best practices. The hospital management plays a crucial role in carrying out radiation protection activities, and their support and commitment are vital to the practical and sustainable implementation of the RPO team's activities. Keywords: Radiation protection officers (RPO), radiation safety culture, radiation dose, radiation protection.
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Jha, Prashant Kumar, Rajdeep Thidwar y Piyush Yadav. "Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness about Basics of Radiation and Safety Measures among Allied Health Science Professionals Including Radiographers and Students of Radiology and Imaging Technology: University Based Study". International Journal of Research and Review 9, n.º 7 (20 de julio de 2022): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220728.

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Aim & Objective-This study has been undertaken to assess the knowledge and awareness about basics of radiation and safety measures in diagnostic radiology among allied health professionals including, Radiographers, and students of Radiology and imaging technology. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire based survey was performed to collect data of knowledge about the radiation awareness and safety measures using in diagnostic radiology, among allied health professionals including radiographers, and students of Radiology and imaging technology. Result- Knowledge about principle of radiation protection was very disappointing, because 30.60% of the participants know the basic principle of radiation protection (Justification, Optimization, and Dose Limit). 43.40% participants said that, ALARA is the basic principle of radiation protection while 26% participants said that, TDS (Time, Distance and Shielding) is the basic principle of radiation protection. Discussion-Majority of participants needs to improve their knowledge about the radiation awareness and safety measure. Keywords: Radiation, Safety, Protection, Radiation awareness.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Radiation – Safety measures"

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吳楚儀 y Chor-yi Ng. "Radiation hazards of building materials". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1991. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3121051X.

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Aldridge, Jesse Philmore. "The role of health physicists in contemporary radiological emergency response". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19434.

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Campos, Carlos Austerlitz. "Choice of personnel dosimeter location to assess the effective dose equivalent for various photon irradiations". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12916.

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Veinot, Kenneth Guy. "An angular dependent neutron effective-dose-equivalent dosimeter". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17595.

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Griffis, Neale Jeff. "Performance evaluation of the Dosicard electronic personal dosimeter". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16991.

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Johnston, Glen Harvey George. "Evaluation of radiation and dust hazards associated with mineral sand processing". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1988. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/35942/1/35942_Johnston_1988.pdf.

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Possible health hazards have been investigated in a mineral sand processing plant to determine the risks to workers contributed by four principal sources: (i) External gamma radiation ii) Inhaled radioactivity in airborne dust particles (iii) Inhaled activity from airborne radon and radon daughter isotopes (iv) Respirable free silica Gamma radiation surveys of the plant working environs using a portable survey meter indicated possible exposure rates ranging from 70 nSv h-1 to a maximum of 50 μsv h- 1 (near a large pile of monazite sand). The average exposure rate was 400 nSv h-1 • Assuming 100% worker occupancy time under this average rate, then a possible gamma radiation dose of 1 mSv could be received in one working year (2000 hours exposure). Airborne dust sampling in the dry mill of the process plant comprising samples obtained from a portable personal air sampler, stationary high volume samples and cascade impactor samples indicated an average gross alpha-activity or concentration range of 0.02 to 0.16 Bq m-3 (average = .07 Bq m-3 ), with an average activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 3.2μm and an activity ratio of 2.4(± 0.4) activity air concentration value average thorium/uranium 1. The average alpha is about 12% of the recommended derived air concentration limit. Airborne radon-222 gas released from mineral sand products as detected using solid state nuclear track detectors (CR- 9 plastic). Gas concentrations in the dry mill were found to range from 30 to 220 Bq m~ (average= 35 ± 15 Bq m-3 ). Compared to an equilibrium equivalent recommended limit of 1500 Bq m-3 (International Commission on Radiological Protection), the average radon-222 concentration is some 2% of the limit. X-ray diffraction measurements on eleven (11) samples of respirable dust revealed four (4) samples having quartz concentrations exceeding the recommended limits. The average percent quartz content in the plant was determined to (by mass) of airborne dust be (22 + 7)%, with an average quartz mass concentration of 0.8 ± 0.5 mg m-3 • This may be compared with a mass concentration limit of 0.93 mg m-3 > which places the average quartz concentration at 86 % of the limit. Respirable dust in the plant is the chief source of hazard from both a radiological and non-radiological standpoint. General recommendations for reduction of risk include: (i) Reduction of dust from the working environment (possibly enclosing and ventilating dust producing machinery); (ii) Wearing of efficient respiratory protection apparatus by workers; (iii)Reduction of worker occupancy time in dust affected areas.
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Fulcher, TJ. "The development of an interlock and control system for a clinical proton therapy system". Thesis, Cape Technikon, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1483.

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Thesis (Masters Diploma (Technology))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1995
The development of a 200 MeV clinical proton therapy facility at the National Accelerator Centre required an interlock and control system to supervise the delivery of radiation to a patient. The interlock and control system is responsible for ensunng that nobody enters the treatment vault during an irradiation, the extraction of the beamstop devices 'from the beam-line to allow the irradiation of the patient and the insertion of those beam-stop devices when an error condition is detected. Because of its nature, the interlock and control system should be designed so that in the event of an error condition being detected, it should fail to a safe state. This is achieved by modelling the interlock and control system with an appropriate modeling method. This thesis describes a graphical modelling method called Petri-nets, which was used to model the system, and the software developed from the model.
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Tenkate, Thomas D. "Ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36715/1/36715_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a by-product of the welding process and is emitted by the arc formed between the electrode and the base metal. Exposure to UVR can produce acute and chronic effects on the eyes and skin, including photokeratitis and erythema (acute), and pterygium and skin cancer (chronic). The measurement of UVR can be used to determine the level of hazard posed by a particular source. The personal UVR exposure levels of a group of welders and nearby workers was estimated using a photosensitive polymer film, polysulphone. The polysulphone film was attached to eye protection, the workers clothing and also placed throughout the workarea. The estimated ocular exposures of all subjects were found to exceed the eight-hour maximum permissible exposure limit. As the main UVR protective measure for welders is a welding helmet, the degree of protection afforded by a range of helmets was investigated in a laboratory experiment. Radiation was found to be reflected off the filter and toward the eye after entering through: (1) an opening between the edge of the shield and the side of the face, and (2) an opening between the top lip of the shield and the top of the head. The results of this study suggest that welders require ocular protection in addition to welding helmets, and that all exposed skin surfaces of workers in a welding environment should also be protected.
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Elmukhtar, Yasir Mohamed. "Knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5037.

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Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent)
The level of knowledge and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety will have a direct impact on patient exposure to radiation. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety in government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study using an administered structured questionnaire was carried out. The questionnaire consisted of 13 questions that included the demographic data of dentists, basic knowledge regarding radiation safety, knowledge of methods of dose reduction and the attitude of dentists regarding radiation safety. One hundred and sixty seven dental practitioners participated in the study. Results: The response rate was 90%. The majority were female, 59%, in the age group younger than 29 years with clinical experience less than 10 years. Only fifteen of the respondents identified themselves as specialist. Half of the respondents did not know that the thyroid gland is the most radiosensitive organ in the head and neck region. Forty four percent believed that the dose for panoramic radiography was higher than that for full mouth periapical radiographs. Forty percent had no idea that a relationship exists between the length of the x-ray cone and the amount of the dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the long cone is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Forty seven percent of the respondents had no idea that there is a relationship between the speed of the film and the amount of dose and 44% who knew that the relationship existed, failed to explain that the fast film is more effective for reducing the patient dose. Sixty six percent had no idea that a relationship exists between collimation of the x-ray tube and patient dose. Forty six percent who knew the relationship existed, failed to explain that rectangular collimation is more effective for dose reduction. Seventy two percent of the dentists did not know what a safe distance from the radiation source was. Forty seven percent did not use film holders when taking periapical radiographs. Conclusions: This study clearly illustrates that there is a lack of knowledge regarding radiation safety in dentists in the government dental clinics in Khartoum, Sudan. Therefore there is a need to increase their knowledge regarding methods of radiation dose reduction (to patient) as well as improving their attitude regarding the radiation safety.
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Salikin, Md Saion. "An improved system of damage limitation for better risk control in radiological protection near environmental level". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13372.

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In radiological protection, models are used to assess radiation risk by means of extrapolation from high dose and dose rate to low dose and dose rate. In this thesis five main biophysical models of radiation action have been evaluated, appraised and inter-compared. The five models are lethal and potentially lethal (LPL) by Curtis, pairwise lesion interaction (PLI) by Harder, cellular track structure (CTS) by Katz, hit size effectiveness (HSE) by Bond and Varma and track core (TC) by Watt. Each model has been developed based on certain underlying mechanisms or phenomena, to permit interpretation and prediction on the induction of a specified biological endpoint such as cell reproductive death, chromosome aberrations and mutations. Biological systems of interest are, for example, mammalian cells containing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Evidence is mounting that double strand breaks in the DNA are the critical lesions for various biological end points. To proceed with this work the TC model has been chosen. Cancer induction by ionising radiation is the stochastic effect of prime concern in radiological protection. Cancer induction cannot be avoided entirely but its frequency of occurrence may be reduced to acceptable level by lowering the amount of radiation received. The methods of assessment developed by ICRP, in terms of the cancer risk coefficients, are presented in this thesis. In the conventional (legal) system of dosimetry, radiation is quantified by the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue. Quality factors, superseded by radiation weighting factors, are needed to account for the quality dependence on radiation type. As an alternative, a new dosimetry system is proposed here which is based on the mean free path for primary ionisation along particle tracks and the integral fluence generated by the radiation field, whether directly or indirectly ionising radiation. From the study of cellular data, the mean free path for primary ionisation along particle tracks (lambda) emerges as a parameter which best unifies biological damage data. Radiation effect is found to depend, not on the energy transferred but to depend mainly on the frequency and spatial correlation of interactions. Maximum effect occurs when lambda is equal to lambda0 (2 nanometre, nm). The term 'Absolute Biological Effectiveness' (ABE) is introduced as a parameter which indicates the probability to induce a specified effect, per unit incident fluence. In this endeavour, only direct effects are considered in deriving ABE values for various radiations. However other factors such as indirect effects, inter-track action, repair processes and radiation rate, can be incorporated later if required, in the derivation of ABE. ABE values for photons up to 60Co i.e 1253 keV and neutrons up to 105 keV, have been calculated and presented in this thesis. An attempt has been made to re-express the cancer risk coefficients, derived by ICRP, in the new dosimetry system, in terms of the ABE (Absolute Biological Effectiveness). The hypothesis put forward in this thesis is that the induction of a specified biological-end-point in a biological system due to ionising radiations, is determined not by the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass (dose), but rather by the number of events (ionizations) spatially correlated, along the primary radiation track. Based on this hypothesis, a new unified dosimetry system, independent of radiation type, is proposed. Suggestions are made for possible measuring instruments which have the equivalent response characteristics, namely maximum efficiency of detection for the mean free path Success in devising such types of instrument would ensure the practicability of the new dosimetry system, in operational radiological protection.
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Libros sobre el tema "Radiation – Safety measures"

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International Atomic Energy Agency. Division of Public Information., ed. Radiation safety. [Vienna, Austria]: International Atomic Energy Agency, Division of Public Information, 1996.

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Floyd-Burks, Cassandra. Radiation safety. Carrollton, Tex: Trinity Healthforce Learning, 2007.

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Radiation protection. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1994.

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Kathren, Ronald L. Radiation protection. Bristol: Hilger, in collaboration with the Hospital Physicists' Association, 1985.

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University of Prince Edward Island. Radiation safety manual. Charlottetown: University of Prince Edward Island, 1987.

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Radiation alert: A consumer's guide to radiation. Toronto, Ontario: Doubleday, 1985.

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Agency, International Atomic Energy, ed. Training courses on radiation protection. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1988.

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Barth, Daniel D., Mark R. Barth y Patricia Dellwo. Fundamentals of radiation safety. New York, NY: Insight Media, 2006.

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International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group. The safe management of sources of radiation: Principles and strategies : INSAG-11, a report. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1999.

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Radiation protection of workers in mines: A report of Committee 4 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection .... Oxford: Published for the International Commission on Radiological Protection by Pergamon, 1986.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Radiation – Safety measures"

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Diffey, B. L. "Ultraviolet Radiation Safety". En Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures, 255–97. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9363-7_14.

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Diffey, B. L. "Ultraviolet Radiation Safety". En Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures, 349–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7897-4_17.

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Taylor, D. M. "Radiation Protection in Radionuclide Investigations". En Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures, 235–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9363-7_13.

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Taylor, D. M. "Radiation Protection in Radionuclide Investigations". En Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures, 327–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7897-4_16.

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Moseley, H. "Hazards of Using Microwaves and Radiofrequency Radiation". En Handbook of Laboratory Health and Safety Measures, 397–426. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7897-4_18.

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Grupen, Claus. "Practical Safety Measures1". En Introduction to Radiation Protection, 119–42. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02586-0_8.

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Singh, Hariqbal. "Chapter-25 Radiation Safety Measures". En Jaypee Gold Standard Mini Atlas Series� Computed Tomography, 369–78. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11455_25.

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Singh, Hariqbal. "Chapter-07 Radiation Safety Measures". En Cross Sectional Imaging Made Easy�, 91–98. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11705_7.

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Hariqbal, Singh. "Chapter-48 Radiation Safety Measures". En Manual of Practical Physiology and MCQs Book, 433–38. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/12632_48.

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Hariqbal, Singh. "Chapter-48 Radiation Safety Measures". En Practical Atlas of Computed Tomography, 433–38. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11232_48.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Radiation – Safety measures"

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Sander, Oliver, Falco Bapp, Timo Sandmann, Viet Vu Duy, Steffen Bahr y Jurgen Becker. "Architectural measures against radiation effects in multicore SoC for safety critical applications". En 2014 IEEE 57th International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2014.6908502.

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Kliaus, V. V. y A. U. Nikalayenka. "RADIATION-HYGENIC MAINTENANCE OF THE SAFETY OF THE BELARUSIAN NPP FOR THE POPULATION". En SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-265-268.

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In connection with the implementation of the first nuclear power program in the Republic of Belarus and the commissioning of the Belarusian NPP, it became necessary to develop and improve the legal framework in the field of ensuring radiation safety in accordance with international requirements and recommendations and assess the impact of a nuclear power plant on public health. This article presents the results of radiation-hygienic monitoring carried out in 2017-2020 before the commissioning of the Belarusian NPP. The article also presents the results of dose assessment for the population of the Republic of Belarus from gaseous releases and liquid discharges of radioactive substances into the environment from the Belarusian NPP, both during its normal operation and during possible radiation accidents. The results of the assessment showed that the exposure doses to the public during the normal operation of the Belarusian NPP are more than two times lower than the regulatory established value of dose constraint, recommendations were given for taking protective measures for the public in case of potential accidents.
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Salgado, M. M., J. C. Beni´tez, R. Pernas y N. Gonza´lez. "Radiation Safety Requirements for Radioactive Waste Management in the Framework of a Quality Management System". En The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7220.

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The Center for Radiation Protection and Hygiene (CPHR) is the institution responsible for the management of radioactive wastes generated from nuclear applications in medicine, industry and research in Cuba. Radioactive Waste Management Service is provided at a national level and it includes the collection and transportation of radioactive wastes to the Centralized Waste Management Facilities, where they are characterized, segregated, treated, conditioned and stored. A Quality Management System, according to the ISO 9001 Standard has been implemented for the RWM Service at CPHR. The Management System includes the radiation safety requirements established for RWM in national regulations and in the License’s conditions. The role of the Regulatory Body and the Radiation Protection Officer in the Quality Management System, the authorization of practices, training and personal qualification, record keeping, inspections of the Regulatory Body and internal inspection of the Radiation Protection Officer, among other aspects, are described in this paper. The Quality Management System has shown to be an efficient tool to demonstrate that adequate measures are in place to ensure the safety in radioactive waste management activities and their continual improvement.
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Andreev, Vyacheslav, Maria Berberova, Oleg Zolotarev, Vladislav Chuenko, Egor Karpushin, Andrey Suvorov, Alena Fedoseeva, Grigoriy Fiksakov y A. Abramova. "Development of models, algorithms and software for solving the risk as-sessment problems at NPPs in case of beyond-design accidents". En International Conference "Computing for Physics and Technology - CPT2020". ANO «Scientific and Research Center for Information in Physics and Technique», 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/conferencearticle_5fd755c08ed1f6.56308654.

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This project is aimed at developing models, algorithms and a software package for measures to improve safety and reduce risk in the design of new and operation of existing nuclear power plants. The principal novelty of the project is the development of a methodological apparatus for assessing radiation risk at nuclear power plants during the most dangerous (beyond design basis) accidents involving the emission of thermal neutron sources with a low flux density. Nuclear reactors based on the use of fission energy of heavy nuclei are powerful sources of gamma radiation and neutrons. The project is aimed at computer modeling and the development of new methods, algorithms and a software package for solving the problems of assessing safety and risk at nuclear power plants in the most dangerous (beyond design basis) accidents with the emission of thermal neutron sources with a low flux density. To implement the project, it is necessary to develop a methodological approach to solving the problems of assessing the doses of external and internal radiation and assessing the damage to the population living around nuclear power plants during the most dangerous (beyond design basis) accidents with the emission of thermal neutron sources with a low flux density; make cal-culations for the population, given its age composition. Based on these decisions, measures will be proposed to reduce the risk and improve the safety of nuclear power plants.
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Ismailova, A. A. y N. A. Nurbaeva. "Forecasting the radiation background in the territories of Kazakhstan located near the uranium mining industries". En VIII Vserossijskaja konferencija s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem «Mediko-fiziologicheskie problemy jekologii cheloveka». Publishing center of Ulyanovsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34014/mpphe.2021-99-102.

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A significant part of the territory of Kazakhstan is characterized by a high natural background radiation of soils and rocks, the spread of natural ground and underground waters with high concentrations of radionuclides in the regions of uranium, thorium and rare metal ore provinces and regions. Therefore, conducting high-quality radio monitoring of the state of the environment using modern information systems will make it possible to predict the background radiation in a timely manner and outline measures to reduce environmental risks to the health of the nation as a whole. Key words: radioecology, monitoring, life safety, radionuclides, national health.
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Sasovets, Violeta. "International experience of social protection of persons affected by radiation exposure". En Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.191.

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Background: The study of the international experience of social protection of persons affected by radiation exposure is important for the development of social policy and ensuring the protection of the rights of this category of people. Unfortunately, radiation exposure can cause serious illnesses and health damage, and the restoration of health and social rehabilitation of such people requires significant efforts and resources. In this context, the study of international experience can help identify best practices and approaches to social protection of victims of radiation exposure in different countries. In addition, such research can contribute to increasing attention to the problem of radiation protection and protection of the rights of victims of radiation exposure at the international level and attracting additional resources for their social protection. Purpose: Аnalysis of information on how different countries of the world provide social protection for persons affected by radiation exposure. The study is aimed at identifying best practices and opportunities for improving social protection for this category of people in countries where this issue needs to be addressed. Methods: The theoretical research method consisted in the analysis of documents used to study works on international programs of social protection affected by radiation exposure. For a better understanding of the problem, an empirical method was used, namely, a study was conducted on the analysis of the effectiveness of social policy measures - "State social guarantees in the social security of victims of the consequences of radiation exposure." Results: Comprehensive social protection programs for radiation victims are an important element in ensuring the safety and well-being of the population affected by radiation. The development and implementation of such programs aims to provide adequate medical, financial and social support for victims and their families, which helps to improve their quality of life and social integration. International experience shows that countries that develop and implement such programs provide effective support to victims and reduce the impact of radiation on their health and social life. Conclusion: In general, the international experience of social protection of persons affected by radiation exposure emphasizes the importance of addressing the long-term consequences of radiation exposure and ensuring that victims receive the necessary support and resources to rebuild their lives. To ensure effective social protection, it is necessary to coordinate the efforts of international and national bodies, develop and implement effective strategies and measures to ensure social protection, and pay due attention to informing the population about radiation risks and measures to prevent them. Keywords: social protection, social security, social program, radiation exposure.
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Dominguez, Rodrigo, Joan Toro, Enrique Calderón, Sebastian Amaro y Claudio Acuña. "Exposure to non–ionizing radiation of solar origin: Measurements in Patagonia". En 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003066.

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This article aim is to measure the exposure to non-ionic radiation of solar origin in Patagonia, in order to provide information that to date almost does not exist and serve as a basis for future research on the subject. The measurements were made in the XI Region Aysén , Chile; more specifically in the town of Chile Chico. A UVR meter was used. The measurements were made during the months of September and October, the measures were made each day, with 1-hour intervals. The data were compiled and tabulated to be later analyzed and presented in this study. The URV averages are presented considering those days with the highest temperatures and the general average for the months of September and October. The highest measurement obtained was 3,7 mW/cm^2 and it was at 12 p.m. on October 10. The highest measurements were recorded between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., which is consistent with studies conducted on the subject. The Sun safety at work questionnaire, Solar UV Radiation Risk Assessment for Outdoor Workers: Operational review, was also applied to workers in the area, managing to evaluate 4 jobs positions, three of these job positions received an overall medium risk level and the fourth received a high risk level. Further studies are needed in Patagonia in order to establish more precise standards to reduce the risks associated with exposure to non-ionizing radiation of solar origin.
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Kaliberda, I. V., L. P. Soloviev, P. G. Medvedev, V. P. Slutsker y R. Havel. "Basic Provisions of NPP Safety Assurance in the Period of Extended Time of Russia NPP Units". En 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49279.

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This paper presents an overview of Russian regulatory basis for extension of the service life of NPP units in Russia. The regulatory documents are being developed in the frames of Russian National IAEA Project. Russian regulatory approaches are in compliance with international practice, Russian principles of nuclear and radiation safety regulation conform the present Russian reality. The paper presents information about new Safety Rules and Guides. Problematic issues concerning improvement of Russian regulatory basis are presented and analyzed. Additional period of the NPP unit operation is defined by the period of operation of its critical equipment. If critical equipment has a very short additional period of operation, modernization and reconstruction of the equipment is required for extension of the NPP service life. Aspects of probabilistic safety analysis are discussed, taking into account effects of modernization. The paper also presents effective technical and administrative measures of ensuring safety during additional period of NPP units operation in Russia.
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Ninos, Georgios, Vasiliki Kefala, Foteini Biskanaki, Dimitrios Chaniotis, Niki Tertipi, Eleni Sfyri, Eleni Andreou y Efstathios Rallis. "Development of a proposed Laser Safety Protocol (LSP) for the prevention of eye and skin hazards in Biomedical Laser facilities". En 1st Conference of the Hellenic Scientific Society of Aesthetics. PHARMAKON-Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.61873/kevf7219.

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Usage of LASER radiation applications is very widespread in numerous specific areas of Biomedical Sciences with proven clinical and treatment results. Furthermore, the apparatus used in Biomedical applications are classified in highest power and danger categories (class 3B or 4). Thus, establishing and keeping necessary laser safety measures is crucial for the assurance of health, safety, ergonomics conditions and specially for the prevention of eye and skin hazards, both for biomedical scientists and patients in health and care units of any scale. To our knowledge, the existing protocols in relevant literature, are quite limited and depict only the basic Laser Safety guidelines. The subject of this study is the development of a complete and detailed Laser Safety Protocol to be implemented in all biomedical facilities. The novelty of the proposed LSP is that it is formulated both in extended verbal instructions and, principally, in a “matrix form”, well defined procedure.
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Borodkin, Gennady I., Inna V. Kaliberda y Nikolay N. Khrennikov. "Analysis of Justification for Extension of Operation of Russian NPP With VVER in Aspect of Pressure Vessel Radiation Embrittlement". En 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49539.

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The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) is one of the most key components of equipment of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) with VVER type reactors. The issue of the plant lifetime extension is actual especially in aspect of RPV embrittlement. An analysis of influence of RPV embrittlement on the evaluation of RPV lifetime and by means of that on an opportunity of operation extension beyond the design life within the framework of the license renewal is presented. The Regulatory Standards Base, existing in Russia and guiding a process of justification of RPV lifetime, is surveyed. SEC NRS, realizing a scientific and engineering support of The Federal Nuclear and Radiation Safety Authority of Russia (Gosatomnadzor of Russia), takes part in such Regulatory Standard development. The role of SEC NRS in this process has been shown. Besides, the activity of SEC NRS in analysis of justification of RPV service lifetime prolongation by expertise of the utility documentation within the framework of license process is demonstrated. Different measures aimed at the management of RPV steel degradation and thus providing the prolongation of RPV operation of the first generation of VVER-440 are considered. Among such measures the thermal annealing and regulation of radiation load of pressure vessels are reviewed. A special attention is drawn to a task of RPV embrittlement prediction in the extended operation period. SEC NRS approach to the analysis of efficiency of such measures and their influence on justification of RPV lifetime is demonstrated. The conservative approach based on safety margins concept is the key aspect in the analysis. The results of expert analysis performed in SEC NRS particularly towards the application of the first generation of VVER-440 reactors are presented. On the basis of such analyses, the priority issues, solution of which considerably increases a confidence of justification of VVER-440 and VVER-1000 RPV lifetime, are assigned. Evaluation of RPV surveillance specimen and template programs is presented. The topicality of RPV weld metal embrittlement tests of specimens, obtained from templates cut out from operated reactors and trepans of RPV of shut-down VVER (for example, Greifswald NPP) is discussed. The results of such tests are indispensable both for replenishing database with reliable experimental data, and for justifications of RPV service life prolongation.
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Informes sobre el tema "Radiation – Safety measures"

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DiDomizio, Matthew y Jonathan Butta. Measurement of Heat Transfer and Fire Damage Patterns on Walls for Fire Model Validation. UL Research Institutes, julio de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/hnkr9109.

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Fire models are presently employed by fire investigators to make predictions of fire dynamics within structures. Predictions include the evolution of gas temperatures and velocities, smoke movement, fire growth and spread, and thermal exposures to surrounding objects, such as walls. Heat flux varies spatially over exposed walls based on the complex thermal interactions within the fire environment, and is the driving factor for thermally induced fire damage. A fire model predicts the temperature and heat transfer through walls based on field predictions, such as radiative and convective heat flux, and is also subject to the boundary condition represen-tation, which is at the discretion of model practitioners. At the time of writing, Fire Dynamics Simulator can represent in-depth heat transfer through walls, and transverse heat transfer is in a preliminary development stage. Critically, limited suitable data exists for validation of heat trans-fer through walls exposed to fires. Mass loss and discoloration fire effects are directly related to the heat transfer and thermal decomposition of walls, therefore it is crucial that the representation of transverse heat transfer in walls in fire models be validated to ensure that fire investigators can produce accurate simulations and reconstructions with these tools. The purpose of this study was to conduct a series of experiments to obtain data that addresses three validation spaces: 1) thermal exposure to walls from fires; 2) heat transfer within walls exposed to fires; and 3) fire damage patterns arising on walls exposed to fires. Fire Safety Research Institute, part of UL Research Institutes, in collaboration with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives Fire Research Laboratory, led this novel research endeavor. Experiments were performed on three types of walls to address the needs in this validation space: 1. Steel sheet (304 stainless steel, 0.793 mm thick, coated in high-emissivity high-temperature paint on both sides). This wall type was used to support the heat flux validation objective. By combining measurements of gas temperatures near the wall with surface temperatures obtained using infrared thermography, estimates of the incident heat flux to the wall were produced. 2. Calcium silicate board (BNZ Marinite I, 12.7 mm thick). This wall type was used to support the heat transfer validation objective. Since calcium silicate board is a noncombustible material with well-characterized thermophysical properties at elevated temperatures, measurements of surface temperature may be used to validate transverse heat transfer in a fire model without the need to account for a decomposition mechanism. 3. Gypsum wallboard (USG Sheetrock Ultralight, 12.7 mm thick, coated in white latex paint on the exposed side). This wall type was used to support the fire damage patterns validation objective. Two types of fire effects were considered: 1) discoloration and charring of the painted paper facing of the gypsum wallboard; and 2) mass loss of the gypsum wallboard (which is related to the calcination of the core material). In addition to temperature and heat flux measurements, high resolution photographs of fire patterns were recorded, and mass loss over the entirety of the wall was measured by cutting the wall into smaller samples and measuring the mass of each individual sample. A total of 63 experiments were conducted, encompassing seven fire sources and three wall types (each combination conducted in triplicate). Fire sources included a natural gas burner, gasoline and heptane pools, wood cribs, and upholstered furniture. A methodology was developed for obtaining estimates of field heat flux to a wall using a large plate heat flux sensor. This included a numerical optimization scheme to account for convection heat transfer. These data characterized the incident heat flux received by calcium silicate board and gypsum wallboard in subsequent experiments. Fire damage patterns on the gypsum wallboard, attributed to discoloration and mass loss fire effects, were measured. It was found that heat flux and mass loss fields were similar for a given fire type, but the relationship between these measurements was not consistent across all fire types. Therefore, it was concluded that cumulative heat flux does not adequately describe the mass loss fire effect. Fire damage patterns attributed to the discoloration fire effect were defined as the line of demarcation separating charred and uncharred regions of the wall. It was found that the average values of cumulative heat flux and mass loss ratio coinciding with the fire damage patterns were 10.41 ± 1.51 MJ m−2 and 14.86 ± 2.08 %, respectively. These damage metrics may have utility in predicting char delineation damage patterns in gypsum wallboard using a fire model, with the mass loss ratio metric being overall the best fit over all exposures considered. The dataset produced in this study has been published to a public repository, and may be accessed from the following URL: <https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10543089>.
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