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1
Castagnetti, Cristina, Elisa Bassoli, Loris Vincenzi y Francesco Mancini. "Dynamic Assessment of Masonry Towers Based on Terrestrial Radar Interferometer and Accelerometers". Sensors 19, n.º 6 (16 de marzo de 2019): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061319.
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This paper discusses the performance of a terrestrial radar interferometer for the structural monitoring of ancient masonry towers. High-speed radar interferometry is an innovative and powerful remote sensing technique for the dynamic monitoring of large structures since it is contactless, non-destructive, and able to measure fast displacements on the order of tenths of millimeters. This methodology was tested on a masonry tower of great historical interest, the Saint Prospero bell tower (Northern Italy). To evaluate the quality of the results, data collected from the interferometer were compared and validated with those provided by two types of accelerometer-based measuring systems directly installed on the tower. Dynamic tests were conducted in operational conditions as well as during a bell concert. The first aimed at characterizing the dynamic behavior of the tower, while the second allowed to evaluate the bell swinging effects. Results showed a good agreement among the different measuring systems and demonstrated the potential of the radar interferometry for the dynamic monitoring of structures, with special focus on the need for an accurate design of the geometric aspects of the surveys.
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Gao, Jay y Yansui Liu. "Applications of remote sensing, GIS and GPS in glaciology: a review". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 25, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2001): 520–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330102500404.
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Remote sensing has served as an efficient method of gathering data about glaciers since its emergence. The recent advent of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) has created an effective means by which the acquired data are analysed for the effective monitoring and mapping of temporal dynamics of glaciers. A large number of researchers have taken advantage of remote sensing, GIS and GPS in their studies of glaciers. These applications are comprehensively reviewed in this paper. This review shows that glacial features identifiable from aerial photographs and satellite imagery include spatial extent, transient snowline, equilibrium line elevation, accumulation and ablation zones, and differentiation of ice/snow. Digital image processing (e.g., image enhancement, spectral ratioing and automatic classification) improves the ease and accuracy of mapping these parameters. The traditional visible light/infrared remote sensing of two-dimensional glacier distribution has been extended to three-dimensional volume estimation and dynamic monitoring using radar imagery and GPS. Longitudinal variations in glacial extent have been detected from multi-temporal images in GIS. However, the detected variations have neither been explored nor modelled from environmental and topographic variables. GPS has been utilized independent of remote sensing and GIS to determine glacier ice velocity and to obtain information about glacier surfaces. Therefore, the potential afforded by the integration of nonconventional remote sensing (e.g., SAR interferometry) with GIS and GPS still remains to be realized in glaciology. The emergence of new satellite images will make remote sensing of glaciology more predictive, more global and towards longer terms.
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Ponzo, Felice Carlo, Chiara Iacovino, Rocco Ditommaso, Manuela Bonano, Riccardo Lanari, Francesco Soldovieri, Vincenzo Cuomo, Francesca Bozzano, Paolo Ciampi y Matteo Rompato. "Transport Infrastructure SHM Using Integrated SAR Data and On-Site Vibrational Acquisitions: “Ponte Della Musica–Armando Trovajoli” Case Study". Applied Sciences 11, n.º 14 (15 de julio de 2021): 6504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146504.
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This work presents the first results obtained by applying in situ and remote-sensing methodologies to monitor the Ponte della Musica-Armando Trovajoli located in Rome, within the activities of the WP6 “Structural Health Monitoring and Satellite Data” 2019-21 Reluis Project. In particular, the use of remote-sensing Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Interferometry (DInSAR) measurements provided a spatial map of the displacement of the investigated infrastructure and the corresponding time-series, with the aim of monitoring deformation phenomena, focusing on the local scale analysis, which produces suitable results for urban monitoring and damage assessment. The DInSAR results have been integrated with the identification of the dynamic characteristics of the bridge, performed through an experimental campaign of ambient vibration measurements carried out in October 2020 and with the local-scale definition of the engineering geological setting of the foundation soil. The subsoil of the bridge is constituted by more than 50 m of recent alluvial deposits resting on Pliocene stiff clay acting as a geological bedrock. A substantially stable behavior of the bridge structural elements has been observed based on the analysis of both satellite and velocimetric data. This case represents a good example about how the integration of in situ sensors with remotely sensed data and the exploitation of a detailed knowledge regarding the on-site conditions represent a key factor for a sustainable structural and infrastructural monitoring and can support the planning both of maintenance and safety management.
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Karamvasis, K. y V. Karathanassi. "DEFORMATION EFFECTS OF DAMS ON COASTAL REGIONS USING SENTINEL-1 IW TOPS TIME SERIES: THE WEST LESVOS, GREECE CASE". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W2 (16 de noviembre de 2017): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w2-91-2017.
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Coastal zones are vulnerable to erosion and loss by level sea rise. Subsidence caused by the reduction of fluvial sediments in coastal zones found close to dams, is another important deformation factor. Quantification of the deformation rate of coastal region is essential for natural and anthropogenic activities. The study utilizes Interferometric SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques and exploits the archive of Sentinel-1 TOPS data for the period 2014–2016. The freely available, wide ground coverage (250 × 170 km) and small temporal resolution Sentinel-1 TOPS datasets are promising for coastal applications. Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) methodologies are considered state-of-the-art remote sensing approaches for land deformation monitoring. The selected PSI method is the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) multitemporal InSAR technique. The study area of this study is the coastal zone of west region of Lesvos Island, Greece. The main characteristic of the area is the reduction of the fluvial sediment supply from the coastal drainage basins due to construction of dams and the abstraction of riverine sediments. The study demonstrates the potentials of the SBAS method for measuring and mapping the dynamic changes in coastal topography in terms of subsidence rates and discusses its advantages and limitations. The results show that natural and rural environments appear to have diverse ground deformation patterns.
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Martínez Marín, Rubén, Eleanor Sillerico, Pablo Ezquerro, Miguel Marchamalo, Gerardo Herrera y Javier Duro. "Monitoring ground subsidence in urban environments: M-30 tunnels under Madrid City (Spain)". Ingeniería e Investigación 35, n.º 2 (5 de agosto de 2015): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v35n2.46614.
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Big cities improvement usually requires the construction of large underground infrastructures, in order to ensure proper communication and optimize urban use. Monitoring ground subsidences is therefore one of the main challenges in changing urban environments. The "Madrid Río" project (2003-2008) is an effort to reclaim the riverfront land and improve the busy M-30 beltway that involved the construction of 7.93 km of tunnels underneath the southern center of Madrid City. This paper presents a remote-sensing approach to monitor ground subsidences induced by tunneling excavation. The Persistent Scatterers Interferometry technique (PSI) was used to estimate subsidence and displacement time series from Synthetic Aperture Radar images, acquired between August 2003 and April 2008 from ENVISAT. Remote sensed results were compared to traditional extensometric measures, fitting adequately for selected sectors. Spatial analysis of displacements allowed evaluating impacts of tunneling on surrounding buildings and facilities, highlighting critical areas. The availability of a spatial distribution of displacements in a time series allowed analyzing longitudinal, cross-sectional and temporal dynamics. The main limitations during this work were the heterogeneous spatial distribution of Persistent Scatterers, the absence of measurement points in work areas, the threshold for velocity detection and low temporal resolution of ENVISAT images. Nevertheless, these limitations of DInSAR for monitoring infrastructures are overcome by actual satellites, being a complementary technique with an exceptional added value and temporal analysis capability.
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Tampuu, Tauri, Jaan Praks, Rivo Uiboupin y Ain Kull. "Long Term Interferometric Temporal Coherence and DInSAR Phase in Northern Peatlands". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 10 (14 de mayo de 2020): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12101566.
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Peatlands of northern temperate and cold climates are significant pools of stored carbon. Understanding seasonal dynamics of peatland surface height and volume, often referred to as mire breathing or oscillation, is the key to improve spatial models of material flow and gas exchange. The monitoring of this type of dynamics over large areas is only feasible by remote sensing instruments. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) to characterize seasonal dynamics of peatland surface height and water table (WT) over open raised bog areas in Endla mire complex in central Estonia, characteristic for northern temperate bogs. Our results show that InSAR temporal coherence, sufficient for differential InSAR (DInSAR), is preserved in the open bog over more than six months of temporal baseline. Moreover, the coherence which is lost in a dry summer, make a recovery in autumn correlate with WT dynamics. The relationship between the coherence from a single master image and the corresponding WT difference is described by the second degree polynomial regression model (Root Mean Squared Error RMSE = 0.041 for coherence magnitude). It is also demonstrated that DInSAR phase is connected to bog surface dynamics and reveals differences between bogs and for ecotopes within a bog. These findings suggest that InSAR long term temporal coherence could be used to describe seasonal bog WT dynamics and differentiate between mire types and ecotopes within a bog. Moreover, DInSAR analysis has the potential to characterize seasonal mire surface oscillation which may be important for assessing the capacity of water storage or restoration success in northern temperate bogs.
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Gentile, Carmelo y Antonella Saisi. "Dynamic Testing of Masonry Towers Using the Microwave Interferometry". Key Engineering Materials 628 (agosto de 2014): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.628.198.
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Microwave remote sensing is the most recent experimental methodology suitable to the non-contact measurement of deflections on large structures, in static or dynamic conditions. After a brief description of the radar measurement system, the paper addresses the application of microwave remote sensing in ambient vibration testing of two historic masonry towers.
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Madumarova G.,, Suleimenova D.,, Pentayev T., Baydauletova G., Miletenco N. y Tumazhanova S. "MONITORING OF DISPLACEMENTS OF OBJECTS OF TERRESTRIAL SURFACES BY INTERFEROMETRY METHOD". NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 5, n.º 443 (15 de octubre de 2020): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.110.
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Geomechanical monitoring is a system of observations of the state of the geological environment, the processes of displacement of rocks and the earth's surface, geomechanical and hydrodynamic processes in a rock mass, interpretation of the results of observations, the formation of judgments about the state of the rock mass as a whole and the forecast of parameters of stable slopes. To determine the displacement of the earth's crust of the Akbakay field, the technology of terrestrial radar interferometry was used. Which is used by only a few research institutes and organizations in the world. In satellite radar interferometry, the promptness to obtain an actual spatial information about the Earth's surface is an important requirement for modern Earth remote sensing data, along with high spatial resolution, as well as geometric accuracy. The operational efficiency is one of the main advantages of radar systems for remote sensing of the Earth or a system of instruments synthesized by radar. Geomechanical monitoring and research on geodynamic polygons reveal wide opportunities for studying vertical movements of the earth's crust. In this work, the most important point is the scanning of the terrain and objects around the scanner standing point, i.e. Scanning special marks with the maximum resolution, which allows you to get a cloud of points.
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Dedkova, Valeriya V. y Alexander V. Komissarov. "ANALYSIS OF METHODS AND MEANS OF CONTROL OF MAIN PIPELINES’ PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES". Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, n.º 4 (2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-4-77-84.
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The purpose of research is to justify methods and means of remote sensing for monitoring of technical state of various types of main pipelines’ protective structures. An analysis of accidents at main pipelines based on the data of the Federal Service for Ecological, Technological and Nuclear Supervision, as well as the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation is given. The analysis revealed that all protective structures are divided into 2 types - engineering and earth structures. The essence of main methods of active remote sensing is described: radar imaging, radar interferometry, aerial, mobile and ground laser scanning. Accuracy characteristics are given. Justification of monitoring methods application for various types of engineering structures is performed.
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Hu, Zhengquan, Yu Liu, Xiaowei Niu y Guoping Lei. "Deformation information extraction method based on differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry". Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 39, n.º 4 (21 de octubre de 2020): 5311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-189016.
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As aerospace technology, computer technology, network communication technology and information technology become more and more perfect, a variety of sensors for measurement and remote sensing are constantly emerging, and the ability to acquire remote sensing data is also continuously enhanced. Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) technology greatly expands the function and application field of imaging radar. Differential InSAR (DInSAR) developed based on InSAR technology has the advantages of high precision and all-weather compared with traditional measurement methods. However, DInSAR-based deformation monitoring is susceptible to spatiotemporal coherence, orbital errors, atmospheric delays, and elevation errors. Since phase noise is the main error of InSAR, to determine the appropriate filtering parameters, an iterative adaptive filtering method for interferogram is proposed. For the limitation of conventional DInSAR, to improve the accuracy of deformation monitoring as much as possible, this paper proposes a deformation modeling based on ridge estimation and regularization as a constraint condition, and introduces a variance component estimation to optimize the deformation results. The simulation experiment of the iterative adaptive filtering method and the deformation modeling proposed in this paper shows that the deformation information extraction method based on differential synthetic aperture radar has high precision and feasibility.
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D’Aranno, P., A. Di Benedetto, M. Fiani y M. Marsella. "REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES FOR LINEAR INFRASTRUCTURE MONITORING". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (4 de mayo de 2019): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-461-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The need for a continuous evaluation of the state of preservation of civil infrastructures during their lifetime is increasingly requiring advanced monitoring technologies. The improvement of spatial and temporal resolution of the measurements is now one of the most significant achievement, especially for large infrastructures. Monitoring actions are necessary to maintain safety conditions by controlling the evolution of deformation patterns or detecting significant instabilities. Remote sensing technique such as Differential Interferometry by Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) allows identifying environmental vulnerability and potential damages on large road infrastructures thus contributing to plan and optimize maintenance actions. DInSAR data allow to highlight instability processes and to quantify mean deformation velocities and displacement time series. This information can be analysed considering geotechnical and structural characteristics and adopted to evaluate possible safety condition improvement and damage mitigation. Using proximal remote sensing techniques, such as Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), it is possible to analyse the pavement conditions on 3D models derived from a dense point cloud acquired by Mobile Laser Scanner (MLS). By combining the DInSAR and LiDAR datasets a great improvement is expected in the capability to promptly identifying critical situations and understanding potential risks affecting extended road infrastructures. The principal aim of this paper is to provide a general overview of the most innovative remote sensing techniques for infrastructure safety condition assessments. Furthermore, a methodological approach to define a reliable procedure for data processing and integration is applied on a test area located in the municipality of Rome.</p>
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Romeo, Saverio, Antonio Cosentino, Francesco Giani, Giandomenico Mastrantoni y Paolo Mazzanti. "Combining Ground Based Remote Sensing Tools for Rockfalls Assessment and Monitoring: The Poggio Baldi Landslide Natural Laboratory". Sensors 21, n.º 8 (8 de abril de 2021): 2632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082632.
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Nowadays the use of remote monitoring sensors is a standard practice in landslide characterization and monitoring. In the last decades, technologies such as LiDAR, terrestrial and satellite SAR interferometry (InSAR) and photogrammetry demonstrated a great potential for rock slope assessment while limited studies and applications are still available for ArcSAR Interferometry, Gigapixel imaging and Acoustic sensing. Taking advantage of the facilities located at the Poggio Baldi Landslide Natural Laboratory, an intensive monitoring campaign was carried out on May 2019 using simultaneously the HYDRA-G ArcSAR for radar monitoring, the Gigapan robotic system equipped with a DSLR camera for photo-monitoring purposes and the DUO Smart Noise Monitor for acoustic measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of each monitoring sensor and to investigate the ongoing gravitational processes at the Poggio Baldi landslide. Analysis of multi-temporal Gigapixel-images revealed the occurrence of 84 failures of various sizes between 14–17 May 2019. This allowed us to understand the short-term evolution of the rock cliff that is characterized by several impulsive rockfall events and continuous debris production. Radar displacement maps revealed a constant movement of the debris talus at the toe of the main rock scarp, while acoustic records proved the capability of this technique to identify rockfall events as well as their spectral content in a narrow range of frequencies between 200 Hz to 1000 Hz. This work demonstrates the great potential of the combined use of a variety of remote sensors to achieve high spatial and temporal resolution data in the field of landslide characterization and monitoring.
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Cigna, Francesca, Deodato Tapete y Zhong Lu. "Remote Sensing of Volcanic Processes and Risk". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 16 (10 de agosto de 2020): 2567. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12162567.
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Remote sensing data and methods are increasingly being embedded into assessments of volcanic processes and risk. This happens thanks to their capability to provide a spectrum of observation and measurement opportunities to accurately sense the dynamics, magnitude, frequency, and impacts of volcanic activity in the ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS), infrared (IR), and microwave domains. Launched in mid-2018, the Special Issue “Remote Sensing of Volcanic Processes and Risk” of Remote Sensing gathers 19 research papers on the use of satellite, aerial, and ground-based remote sensing to detect thermal features and anomalies, investigate lava and pyroclastic flows, predict the flow path of lahars, measure gas emissions and plumes, and estimate ground deformation. The strong multi-disciplinary character of the approaches employed for volcano monitoring and the combination of a variety of sensor types, platforms, and methods that come out from the papers testify the current scientific and technology trends toward multi-data and multi-sensor monitoring solutions. The research advances presented in the published papers are achieved thanks to a wealth of data including but not limited to the following: thermal IR from satellite missions (e.g., MODIS, VIIRS, AVHRR, Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, ASTER, TET-1) and ground-based stations (e.g., FLIR cameras); digital elevation/surface models from airborne sensors (e.g., Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), or 3D laser scans) and satellite imagery (e.g., tri-stereo Pléiades, SPOT-6/7, PlanetScope); airborne hyperspectral surveys; geophysics (e.g., ground-penetrating radar, electromagnetic induction, magnetic survey); ground-based acoustic infrasound; ground-based scanning UV spectrometers; and ground-based and satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging (e.g., TerraSAR-X, Sentinel-1, Radarsat-2). Data processing approaches and methods include change detection, offset tracking, Interferometric SAR (InSAR), photogrammetry, hotspots and anomalies detection, neural networks, numerical modeling, inversion modeling, wavelet transforms, and image segmentation. Some authors also share codes for automated data analysis and demonstrate methods for post-processing standard products that are made available for end users, and which are expected to stimulate the research community to exploit them in other volcanological application contexts. The geographic breath is global, with case studies in Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Guatemala, Mexico, Hawai’i, Alaska, Kamchatka, Japan, Indonesia, Vanuatu, Réunion Island, Ethiopia, Canary Islands, Greece, Italy, and Iceland. The added value of the published research lies on the demonstration of the benefits that these remote sensing technologies have brought to knowledge of volcanoes that pose risk to local communities; back-analysis and critical revision of recent volcanic eruptions and unrest periods; and improvement of modeling and prediction methods. Therefore, this Special Issue provides not only a collection of forefront research in remote sensing applied to volcanology, but also a selection of case studies proving the societal impact that this scientific discipline can potentially generate on volcanic hazard and risk management.
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Murdzek, Radosław, Hubert Malik y Andrzej Leśniak. "The use of the DInSAR method in the monitoring of road damage caused by mining activities". E3S Web of Conferences 36 (2018): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183602005.
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This paper reviews existing remote sensing methods of road damage detection and demonstrates the possibility of using DInSAR (Differential Interferometry SAR) method to identify endangered road sections. In this study two radar images collected by Sentinel-1 satellite have been used. Images were acquired with 24 days interval in 2015. The analysis allowed to estimate the scale of the post-mining deformation that occurred in Upper Silesia and to indicate areas where road infrastructure is particularly vulnerable to damage.
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Anderson, Stuart. "Remote Sensing of the Polar Ice Zones with HF Radar". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 21 (31 de octubre de 2021): 4398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214398.
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Radars operating in the HF band are widely used for over-the-horizon remote sensing of ocean surface conditions, ionospheric studies and the monitoring of ship and aircraft traffic. Several hundreds of such radars are in operation, yet only a handful of experiments have been conducted to assess the prospect of utilizing this technology for the remote sensing of sea ice. Even then, the measurements carried out have addressed only the most basic questions: is there ice present, and can we measure its drift? Recently the theory that describes HF scattering from the dynamic sea surface was extended to handle situations where an ice cover is present. With this new tool, it becomes feasible to interpret the corresponding radar echoes in terms of the structural, mechanical, and electrical properties of the ice field. In this paper we look briefly at ice sensing from space-borne sensors before showing how the persistent and synoptic wide area surveillance capabilities of HF radar offer an alternative. The dispersion relations of different forms of sea ice are examined and used in a modified implementation of the electromagnetic scattering theory employed in HF radar oceanography to compute the corresponding radar signatures. Previous and present-day HF radar deployments at high latitudes are reviewed, noting the physical and technical challenges that confront the implementation of an operational HF radar in its ice monitoring capability.
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Solari, Lorenzo, Matteo Del Soldato, Federico Raspini, Anna Barra, Silvia Bianchini, Pierluigi Confuorto, Nicola Casagli y Michele Crosetto. "Review of Satellite Interferometry for Landslide Detection in Italy". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 8 (24 de abril de 2020): 1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12081351.
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Landslides recurrently impact the Italian territory, producing huge economic losses and casualties. Because of this, there is a large demand for monitoring tools to support landslide management strategies. Among the variety of remote sensing techniques, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has become one of the most widely applied for landslide studies. This work reviews a variety of InSAR-related applications for landslide studies in Italy. More than 250 papers were analyzed in this review. The first application dates back to 1999. The average production of InSAR-related papers for landslide studies is around 12 per year, with a peak of 37 papers in 2015. Almost 70% of the papers are written by authors in academia. InSAR is used (i) for landslide back analysis (3% of the papers); (ii) for landslide characterization (40% of the papers); (iii) as input for landslide models (7% of the papers); (iv) to update landslide inventories (15% of the papers); (v) for landslide mapping (32% of the papers), and (vi) for monitoring (3% of the papers). Sixty-eight percent of the authors validated the satellite results with ground information or other remote sensing data. Although well-known limitations exist, this bibliographic overview confirms that InSAR is a consolidated tool for many landslide-related applications.
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Burnol, André, Michael Foumelis, Sébastien Gourdier, Jacques Deparis y Daniel Raucoules. "Monitoring of Expansive Clays over Drought-Rewetting Cycles Using Satellite Remote Sensing". Atmosphere 12, n.º 10 (28 de septiembre de 2021): 1262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12101262.
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New capabilities for measuring and monitoring are needed to prevent the shrink-swell risk caused by drought-rewetting cycles. A clayey soil in the Loire Valley at Chaingy (France) has been instrumented with two extensometers and several soil moisture sensors. Here we show by direct comparison between remote and in situ data that the vertical ground displacements due to clay expansion are well-captured by the Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (MT-InSAR) technique. In addition to the one-year period, two sub-annual periods that reflect both average ground shrinking and swelling timeframes are unraveled by a wavelet-based analysis. Moreover, the relative phase difference between the vertical displacement and surface soil moisture show local variations that are interpreted in terms of depth and thickness of the clay layer, as visualized by an electrical resistivity tomography. With regard to future works, a similar treatment relying fully on remote sensing observations may be scaled up to map larger areas in order to better assess the shrink-swell risk.
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Miao, Zhao, Panpan Tang y Yong Zhang. "Recognition of Red-Bed Landslides over Eastern Sichuan through Remote Sensing and Field Investigations". Geofluids 2022 (6 de abril de 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9385352.
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Red-bed soft rock, characterized by the gentle slope, low intensity, and weak weathering resistance, is widely distributed over the Eastern Sichuan Province, China, threatening many lives of people, economy development, and urbanization progress. In this study, Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (MTInSAR) techniques and detailed field investigations were carried out to detect the potential red-bed landslides. The strategies of small baselines, phase optimization, and atmospheric delay removal were proved to be effective in improving the deformation results. Finally, dozens of slow-moving slopes were found and attributed to frequent human activities, and the applicability of various monitoring tools and the comparisons of their results were discussed. This research is aimed at proving the applicability of remote sensing measures in the monitoring of landslides, increasing the efficiency of this method, and helping the hazard prevention in Southwest China.
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Dong, Xiujun, Tao Yin, Keren Dai, Saied Pirasteh, Guanchen Zhuo, Zhiyu Li, Bing Yu y Qiang Xu. "Identifying Potential Landslides on Giant Niexia Slope (China) Based on Integrated Multi-Remote Sensing Technologies". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 24 (14 de diciembre de 2022): 6328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246328.
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The Niexia slope, located in Danba County, Sichuan Province, China, with steep slope terrain and dense vegetation coverage, has a height difference of about 3002 m. A traditional manual survey cannot be performed here, and single remote sensing technology is not comprehensive enough to identify potential landslides on such high and steep slopes. In this paper, an integrated approach with multi-remote sensing techniques was proposed to identify potential landslides of the Niexia slope, which combined Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and optical remote sensing technologies. InSAR technology was used to monitor the small displacements of the whole slope, and three potential landslides on Niexia slope were identified. The maximum cumulative displacement reached up to 11.9 cm over 1 year. Subsequently, high-resolution optical remote sensing images acquired by remote sensing satellites and a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) without vegetation influence obtained by LiDAR were used to finely interpret the sign of landslide micro-geomorphology and to determine the potential landslide geometry boundaries. As a result, four and nine potential landslides with landslide micro-geomorphic features were identified, respectively. Finally, the identification results of the three techniques were fused and analyzed to assess the potential landslides on the Niexia slope. We compared the results from multi-remote sensing technologies, showing that the three techniques have advantages and disadvantages in terms of monitoring objects, monitoring range, and monitoring accuracy. The integrated use of these three technologies can identify and monitor potential landslides more comprehensively, which could play an important role in the future.
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Heumann, Benjamin W. "Satellite remote sensing of mangrove forests: Recent advances and future opportunities". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 35, n.º 1 (febrero de 2011): 87–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133310385371.
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Mangroves are salt tolerant woody plants that form highly productive intertidal ecosystems in tropical and subtropical regions. Despite the established importance of mangroves to the coastal environment, including fisheries, deforestation continues to be a major threat due to pressures for wood and forest products, land conversion to aquaculture, and coastal urban development. Over the past 15 years, remote sensing has played a crucial role in mapping and understanding changes in the areal extent and spatial pattern of mangrove forests related to natural disasters and anthropogenic forces. This paper reviews recent advancements in remote-sensed data and techniques and describes future opportunities for integration or fusion of these data and techniques for large-scale monitoring in mangroves as a consequence of anthropogenic and climatic forces. While traditional pixel-based classification of Landsat, SPOT, and ASTER imagery has been widely applied for mapping mangrove forest, more recent types of imagery such as very high resolution (VHR), Polarmetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR), hyperspectral, and LiDAR systems and the development of techniques such as Object Based Image Analysis (OBIA), spatial image analysis (e.g. image texture), Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR), and machine-learning algorithms have demonstrated the potential for reliable and detailed characterization of mangrove forests including species, leaf area, canopy height, and stand biomass. Future opportunities include the application of existing sensors such as the hyperspectral HYPERION, the application of existing methods from terrestrial forest remote sensing, investigation of new sensors such as ALOS PRISM and PALSAR, and overcoming challenges to the global monitoring of mangrove forests such as wide-scale data availability, robust and consistent methods, and capacity-building with scientists and organizations in developing countries.
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Balzter, H. "Forest mapping and monitoring with interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 25, n.º 2 (junio de 2001): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913330102500201.
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A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an active sensor transmitting pulses of polarized electromagnetic waves and receiving the backscattered radiation. SAR sensors at different wavelengths and with different polarimetric capabilities are being used in remote sensing of the earth. The value of an analysis of backscattered energy alone is limited due to ambiguities in the possible ecological factor configurations causing the signal. From two SAR images taken from similar viewing positions with a short time-lag, interference between the two waves can be observed. By subtracting the two phases of the signals, it is feasible to eliminate the random contribution of the scatterers to the phase. The interferometric correlation and the interferometric phase contain additional information on the three-dimensional structure of the scattering elements in the imaged area. A brief review of SAR sensors is given, followed by an outline of the physical foundations of SAR interferometry and the practical data-processing steps involved. An overview of applications of InSAR to forest mapping and monitoring is given, covering tree-bole volume and biomass, forest types and land cover, fire scars, forest thermal state and forest canopy height.
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Sabbà, Maria Francesca, Michela Lerna, Mariella Diaferio y Dora Foti. "Satellite Data for Structural Monitoring of Historical Building: The Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome". WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 1284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.117.
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The Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry is a remote sensing technique to acquire deformation velocity and displacement time-series of large territorial areas. The aim of this work is to develop operational methodologies that allow to assess the structures conservation state by integrating information from traditional monitoring systems with the remote sensing application, in order to monitor permanently structures and infrastructure with a historical relevance and developing specific maintenance programs. It is verified that this processing technique is an adequate tool, even in real-time, to monitor any damage or potential critical issues in the case of exceptional events such as earthquakes or landslides. The case study is the Temple of Minerva Medica in Rome, a masonry building characterized by an important historical-artistic value. The data-analysis shows as the use of satellite monitoring can be a valid tool for the structural safety, allowing to identify a vulnerability map of archaeological sites and historical buildings. The data interferometric processing was carried out using a Graphic Information System (GIS) software.
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Mantovani, Matteo, Giulia Bossi, Gianluca Marcato, Luca Schenato, Giacomo Tedesco, Giacomo Titti y Alessandro Pasuto. "New Perspectives in Landslide Displacement Detection Using Sentinel-1 Datasets". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 18 (13 de septiembre de 2019): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11182135.
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Space-borne radar interferometry is a fundamental tool to detect and measure a variety of ground surface deformations, either human induced or originated by natural processes. Latest development of radar remote sensing imaging techniques and the increasing number of space missions, specifically designed for interferometry analyses, led to the development of new and more effective approaches, commonly referred to as Advanced DInSAR (A-DInSAR) or Time Series Radar Interferometry (TS-InSAR). Nevertheless, even if these methods were proved to be suitable for the study of a large majority of ground surface dynamic phenomena, their application to landslides detection is still problematic. One of the main limiting factors is related to the rate of displacement of the unstable slopes: landslides evolving too fast decorrelate the radar signal making the interferometric phase useless. This is the reason why A-DInSAR techniques have been successfully applied exclusively to measure very slow landslides (few centimetres per year). This study demonstrates how the C-band data collected since 2014 by the Sentinel-1 (S1) mission and properly designed interferometric approaches can pull down this restriction allowing to measure rate of displacements ten times higher than previously done, thus providing new perspectives in landslides detection. The analysis was carried out on a test site located in the Cortina d’Ampezzo valley (Eastern Italian Alps), which is affected by several earth flows characterized by different size and kinematics.
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Wang, Jijun, Xiao Zhou, Songlin Yu, Bingzhen Li y Yan Li. "Analysis and correction of meteorological disturbance observed by ground radars in complex environment". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 10 (4 de octubre de 2021): e0258168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258168.
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Ground radar interferometry technology, as a new tool for active remote sensing, has been widely used in the detection of a variety of targets, including landslides, bridges, mines, and dams. This technique usually employs a continuous observation mode with no space baseline. The detection accuracy is mainly affected by meteorological disturbances and noise in the observation environment. In a complex observation environment, meteorological disturbances can lead to phase errors of 10 mm or more, and the effects are different in the range and azimuth directions; this can seriously affect the accuracy of the measurement. In this paper, we analyze the spatial distribution of the phase of meteorological disturbances based on radar monitoring experiments in a complex environment, and propose a correction method that reduces the atmospheric disturbance phase to less than 0.6 mm and effectively improves radar observation accuracy.
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Romshoo, Shakil Ahmad. "Radar remote sensing for monitoring of dynamic ecosystem processes related to biogeochemical exchanges in tropical peatlands". Visual Geosciences 9, n.º 1 (29 de noviembre de 2003): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10069-003-0015-9.
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Crosetto, M., L. Solari, A. Barra, O. Monserrat, M. Cuevas-González, R. Palamà, Y. Wassie et al. "ANALYSIS OF THE PRODUCTS OF THE COPERNICUS GROUND MOTION SERVICE". International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2022 (30 de mayo de 2022): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2022-257-2022.
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Abstract. Radar interferometry has progressed very much in the last two decades. It is now a powerful remote sensing techniques to monitor ground motion. The technique has undergone an important development in terms of processing and data analysis algorithms. This has been accompanied by an important increase of the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data acquisition capability by spaceborne sensors. A step forward was the launch of the Copernicus Sentinel-1 constellation. This has made the development of A-DInSAR (Advanced Differential Interferometric SAR) ground deformation services technically feasible. The paper is focused on the most important ground motion initiative ever conceived: the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS). This service is part of the Copernicus Land Monitoring Service managed by the European Environment Agency. EGMS involves the ground deformation monitoring at European scale. The service will deliver the first product in May 2022. In this paper we describe some preliminary examples of deformation products coming from the EGMS.
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Wang, Yong, Wen Wang, Mu Zhou, Aihu Ren y Zengshan Tian. "Remote Monitoring of Human Vital Signs Based on 77-GHz mm-Wave FMCW Radar". Sensors 20, n.º 10 (25 de mayo de 2020): 2999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102999.
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In recent years, non-contact radar detection technology has been able to achieve long-term and long-range detection for the breathing and heartbeat signals. Compared with contact-based detection methods, it brings a more comfortable and a faster experience to the human body, and it has gradually received attention in the field of radar sensing. Therefore, this paper extends the application of millimeter-wave radar to the field of health care. The millimeter-wave radar first transmits the frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and collects the echo signals of the human body. Then, the phase information of the intermediate frequency (IF) signals including the breathing and heartbeat signals are extracted, and the Direct Current (DC) offset of the phase information is corrected using the circle center dynamic tracking algorithm. The extended differential and cross-multiply (DACM) is further applied for phase unwrapping. We propose two algorithms, namely the compressive sensing based on orthogonal matching pursuit (CS-OMP) algorithm and rigrsure adaptive soft threshold noise reduction based on discrete wavelet transform (RA-DWT) algorithm, to separate and reconstruct the breathing and heartbeat signals. Then, a frequency-domain fast Fourier transform and a time-domain autocorrelation estimation algorithm are proposed to calculate the respiratory and heartbeat rates. The proposed algorithms are compared with the contact-based detection ones. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms effectively suppress the noise and harmonic interference, and the accuracies of the proposed algorithms for both respiratory rate and heartbeat rate reach about 93%.
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Baumann-Ouyang, Andreas, Jemil Avers Butt, David Salido-Monzú y Andreas Wieser. "MIMO-SAR Interferometric Measurements for Structural Monitoring: Accuracy and Limitations". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 21 (25 de octubre de 2021): 4290. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214290.
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Terrestrial Radar Interferometry (TRI) is a measurement technique capable of measuring displacements with high temporal resolution at high accuracy. Current implementations of TRI use large and/or movable antennas for generating two-dimensional displacement maps. Multiple Input Multiple Output Synthetic Aperture Radar (MIMO-SAR) systems are an emerging alternative. As they have no moving parts, they are more easily deployable and cost-effective. These features suggest the potential usage of MIMO-SAR interferometry for structural health monitoring (SHM) supplementing classical geodetic and mechanical measurement systems. The effects impacting the performance of MIMO-SAR systems are, however, not yet sufficiently well understood for practical applications. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of a MIMO-SAR system originally devised for automotive sensing, and assess its capabilities for deformation monitoring. The acquisitions generated for these investigations feature a 180∘ Field-of-View (FOV), distances of up to 60 m and a temporal sampling rate of up to 400 Hz. Experiments include static and dynamic setups carried out in a lab-environment and under more challenging meteorological conditions featuring sunshine, fog, and cloud-cover. The experiments highlight the capabilities and limitations of the radar, while allowing quantification of the measurement uncertainties, whose sources and impacts we discuss. We demonstrate that, under sufficiently stable meteorological conditions with humidity variations smaller than 1%, displacements as low as 25 μm can be detected reliably. Detecting displacements occurring over longer time frames is limited by the uncertainty induced by changes in the refractive index.
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Ramirez, Ryan, Seung-Rae Lee y Tae-Hyuk Kwon. "Long-Term Remote Monitoring of Ground Deformation Using Sentinel-1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR): Applications and Insights into Geotechnical Engineering Practices". Applied Sciences 10, n.º 21 (23 de octubre de 2020): 7447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217447.
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Development of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology and the dedicated suite of processing tools have aided the evolution of remote sensing techniques for various Earth Observation (EO) applications. Interferometric SAR (InSAR) is a relatively new geodetic technique which provides high-speed and reliable geographic, geologic, and hazards information allowing the prognosis of future environmental and urban planning. In this study, we explored the applicability of two differential interferometry techniques, conventional and advanced differential InSAR (A-DInSAR), for topographic mapping and long-term geotechnical monitoring by exploiting satellite data, particularly Sentinel-1 SAR data, which is publicly shared. We specifically used the open-source tools of SeNtinel Application Platform (SNAP) and Stanford Method for Persistent Scatterers (StaMPS) for interferometric data processing to implement A-DInSAR. This study presents various applications, which include generation of a digital elevation model (DEM), mapping of seismically induced displacement and associated damages, and detection and long-term monitoring of tunneling-induced ground deformation and rainfall-induced landslide. Geometric and temporal decorrelations posed challenges and limitations in the successful implementation of Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry specifically in vegetated areas. The presented results proved the validity and reliability of the exploited SAR data and InSAR techniques for addressing geotechnical engineering related problems.
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López-Vinielles, Juan, José A. Fernández-Merodo, Pablo Ezquerro, Juan C. García-Davalillo, Roberto Sarro, Cristina Reyes-Carmona, Anna Barra et al. "Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 10 (20 de mayo de 2021): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13102008.
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Slope failures pose a substantial threat to mining activity due to their destructive potential and high probability of occurrence on steep slopes close to limit equilibrium conditions, which are often found both in open pits and in waste and tailing disposal facilities. The development of slope monitoring and modeling programs usually entails the exploitation of in situ and remote sensing data, together with the application of numerical modeling, and it plays an important role in the definition of prevention and mitigation measures aimed at minimizing the impact of slope failures in mining areas. In this paper, a new methodology is presented; one that combines satellite radar interferometry and 2D finite element modeling for slope stability analysis at a regional scale, and applied within slope unit polygons. Although the literature includes many studies applying radar interferometry and modeling for slope stability analysis, the addition of slope units as input data for radar interferometry and modeling purposes has, to our knowledge, not previously been reported. A former mining area in southeast Spain was studied, and the method proved useful for detecting and characterizing a large number of unstable slopes. Out of the 1959 slope units used for the spatial analysis of the radar interferometry data, 43 were unstable, with varying values of safety factor and landslide size. Out of the 43 active slope units, 21 exhibited line of sight velocities greater than the maximum error obtained through validation analysis (2.5 cm/year). Finally, this work discusses the possibility of using the results of the proposed approach to devise a proxy for landslide hazard. The proposed methodology can help to provide non-expert final users with intelligible, clear, and easily comparable information to analyze slope instabilities in different settings, and not limited to mining areas.
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Li, Ying. "Monitoring and Mathematical Model Analysis of Dynamic Changes in Land Resources Based on SAR Sensor Image". Journal of Sensors 2021 (9 de septiembre de 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1661825.
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The monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes in land resources can detect the changes of land aimed at a single-band or multiband remote sensing image of multiple phases in a given region or target with image processing methods and can also extract the change information and realize remote sensing monitoring through the comprehensive analysis of multiphase remote sensing images. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image change monitoring technology, with the advantages of high resolution, high precision, real-time service, and rapid imaging, can achieve qualitative or quantitative analysis of targets and is gradually widely used in quarterly monitoring, emergency monitoring, postbatch verification, law-enforcement inspection and land inspection, and other remote sensing data acquisitions and analyses. Therefore, on the basis of summarizing the research results of previous research works, this paper expounded the current situation and significance of the researches on the monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes in land resources; elaborated the development background, current situation, and future challenges of SAR sensor data; introduced the methods and principles of band setting, polarization mode, geometric correction, and image filtering; proposed the status target identification of land resources; explored the dynamic information discovery of land resources; conducted the dynamic change monitoring of land resources based on SAR sensor data; analyzed the basis and characteristics of SAR sensor data; performed the generalization and optimization of land resource information; demonstrated the dynamic change analysis of land resources based on SAR sensor data; compared the acceptance ability and accuracy of SAR sensor data; and discussed the discovery and extraction of dynamic information of land resources. The results show that the SAR sensor data can monitor the characteristics of scattering points in land resource observation scenes and can obtain the change information of ground object by distance component and band component, so that the SAR system can make two-dimensional imaging of land resources directly in front of the receiving platform. Thus, the SAR data obtained by multisystem parameters shows great application potential in land resource monitoring, which provides the possibility of decoupling to remove land resources and surface roughness and thus provides possible solutions for land resource analysis in complex environment. The results of this paper provide a reference for the follow-up studies on the monitoring and analysis of dynamic changes in land resources based on SAR sensor data.
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Mazza, Davide, Antonio Cosentino, Saverio Romeo, Paolo Mazzanti, Francesco M. Guadagno y Paola Revellino. "Remote Sensing Monitoring of the Pietrafitta Earth Flows in Southern Italy: An Integrated Approach Based on Multi-Sensor Data". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 4 (19 de febrero de 2023): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15041138.
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Earth flows are complex gravitational events characterised by a heterogeneous displacement pattern in terms of scale, style, and orientation. As a result, their monitoring, for both knowledge and emergency purposes, represents a relevant challenge in the field of engineering geology. This paper aims to assess the capabilities, peculiarities, and limitations of different remote sensing monitoring techniques through their application to the Pietrafitta earth flow (Southern Italy). The research compared and combined data collected during the main landslide reactivations by different ground-based remote sensors such as Robotic Total Station (R-TS), Terrestrial Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (T-InSAR), and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), with data being derived by satellite-based Digital Image Correlation (DIC) analysis. The comparison between R-TS and T-InSAR measurements showed that, despite their different spatial and temporal resolutions, the observed deformation trends remain approximately coherent. On the other hand, DIC analysis was able to detect a kinematic process, such as the expansion of the landslide channel, which was not detected by the other techniques used. The results suggest that, when faced with complex events, the use of a single monitoring technique may not be enough to fully observe and understand the processes taking place. Therefore, the limitations of each different technique alone can be solved by a multi-sensor monitoring approach.
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Piroton, Valentine, Romy Schlögel, Christian Barbier y Hans-Balder Havenith. "Monitoring the Recent Activity of Landslides in the Mailuu-Suu Valley (Kyrgyzstan) Using Radar and Optical Remote Sensing Techniques". Geosciences 10, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2020): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050164.
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Central Asian mountain regions are prone to multiple types of natural hazards, often causing damage due to the impact of mass movements. In spring 2017, Kyrgyzstan suffered significant losses from a massive landslide activation event, during which also two of the largest deep-seated mass movements of the former mining area of Mailuu-Suu—the Koytash and Tektonik landslides—were reactivated. This study consists of the use of optical and radar satellite data to highlight deformation zones and identify displacements prior to the collapse of Koytash and to the more superficial deformation on Tektonik. Especially for the first one, the comparison of Digital Elevation Models of 2011 and 2017 (respectively, satellite and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery-based) highlights areas of depletion and accumulation, in the scarp and near the toe, respectively. The Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry analysis identified slow displacements during the months preceding the reactivation in April 2017, indicating the long-term sliding activity of Koytash and Tektonik. This was confirmed by the computation of deformation time series, showing a positive velocity anomaly on the upper part of both landslides. Furthermore, the analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index revealed land cover changes associated with the sliding process between June 2016 and October 2017. In addition, in situ data from a local meteorological station highlighted the important contribution of precipitation as a trigger of the collapse. The multidirectional approach used in this study demonstrated the efficiency of applying multiple remote sensing techniques, combined with a meteorological analysis, to identify triggering factors and monitor the activity of landslides.
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Negrel, J., P. Kosuth y N. Bercher. "Estimating river discharge from earth observation measurement of river surface hydraulic variables". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, n.º 5 (8 de octubre de 2010): 7839–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-7839-2010.
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Abstract. River discharge is a key variable to quantify the water cycle, its fluxes and stocks at different scales, from local scale for the efficient management of water resource to global scale for the monitoring of climate change. Therefore, developing Earth observation (EO) techniques for the measurement or estimation of river discharge is a major challenge. A key question deals with the possibility of deriving river discharge values from EO surface variables (width, level, slope, velocity the only one accessible through EO) without any in situ measurement. Based on a literature study and original developments, the possibilities of estimating water surface variables using remote-sensing techniques have been explored, mainly RADAR altimetry as well as across-track and along-track interferometry.
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Rignot, Eric, Guillaume Buscarlet, Beáta Csathó, Sivaprasad Gogineni, William Krabill y Marjorie Schmeltz. "Mass balance of the northeast sector of the Greenland ice sheet: a remote-sensing perspective". Journal of Glaciology 46, n.º 153 (2000): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756500781832972.
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AbstractSynthetic-aperture radar interferometry data and airborne ice-sounding radar (ISR) data are employed to obtain modern estimates of the inland ice production from Nioghalvfjerdsbræ (NB) and Zachariae Isstrøm (ZI), the two largest glaciers draining the northeast sector of the Greenland ice sheet. Ice fluxes are measured at the grounding line (14.2 ±1 km3 ice a−1 for NB and 10.8 ±1 km3 ice a−1 for ZI) with an ice thickness deduced from ice-shelf hydrostatic equilibrium, and along an ISR profile collected upstream of the grounding line (14.3 ± 0.7 km3 ice a−1 for NB and 11.6 ± 0.6 km3 ice a−1 for ZI). Balance fluxes calculated from a map of snow accumulation and model predictions of surface melt are 11.9 ± 2 km3 ice a−1 for NB and 10.0 ± 2 km3 ice a−1 for ZI at the grounding line, and 12.2 and 10.3 km3 ice a−1, respectively, at the ISR line. The two glaciers therefore exhibit a negative mass balance equivalent to 14% of their balance flux, with a ±12% uncertainty. Independently, we detect a retreat of the grounding line of NB between 1992 and 1996 which is larger at the glacier center (920 ± 250 m) than on the sides (240 ± 50 m). The corresponding ice-thinning rates (2 ± 1 m a−1 at the glacier center and 0.6 ± 0.3 m a−1 on the sides) are too large to be accommodated by temporal changes in ablation or accumulation, and must be due to dynamic thinning.
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Sousa, Joaquim J., Guang Liu, Jinghui Fan, Zbigniew Perski, Stefan Steger, Shibiao Bai, Lianhuan Wei et al. "Geohazards Monitoring and Assessment Using Multi-Source Earth Observation Techniques". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 21 (24 de octubre de 2021): 4269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13214269.
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Geological disasters are responsible for the loss of human lives and for significant economic and financial damage every year. Considering that these disasters may occur anywhere—both in remote and/or in highly populated areas—and anytime, continuously monitoring areas known to be more prone to geohazards can help to determine preventive or alert actions to safeguard human life, property and businesses. Remote sensing technology—especially satellite-based—can be of help due to its high spatial and temporal coverage. Indeed, data acquired from the most recent satellite missions is considered suitable for a detailed reconstruction of past events but also to continuously monitor sensitive areas on the lookout for potential geohazards. This work aims to apply different techniques and methods for extensive exploitation and analysis of remote sensing data, with special emphasis given to landslide hazard, risk management and disaster prevention. Multi-temporal SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry, SAR tomography, high-resolution image matching and data modelling are used to map out landslides and other geohazards and to also monitor possible hazardous geological activity, addressing different study areas: (i) surface deformation of mountain slopes and glaciers; (ii) land surface displacement; and (iii) subsidence, landslides and ground fissure. Results from both the processing and analysis of a dataset of earth observation (EO) multi-source data support the conclusion that geohazards can be identified, studied and monitored in an effective way using new techniques applied to multi-source EO data. As future work, the aim is threefold: extend this study to sensitive areas located in different countries; monitor structures that have strategic, cultural and/or economical relevance; and resort to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to be able to analyse the huge amount of data generated by satellite missions and extract useful information in due course.
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Kelly, R. E. J. "Estimation of the ELA on Hardangerjøkulen, Norway, during the 1995/96 winter season using repeat-pass SAR coherence". Annals of Glaciology 34 (2002): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817518.
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AbstractThis paper demonstrates the utility of European Remote-sensing Satellite (ERS) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry for monitoring the transient snow-line (TSL) on Hardangerjøkulen ice cap, southern Norway, during the 1995/96 winter. The study shows how coherence information (an interferometry product) over the ice cap can be used to locate the TSL after the summer melt season. Spatial variations in coherence over the ice cap between successive ERS tandem-phase passes from summer to winter are related to surface and volume snow stability and surface ice stability. Temporal differences of coherence images between winter and summer are investigated using histogram analysis. A histogram threshold is found for the 1995/96 winter that can be used to identify the location of the TSL and then estimate the equilibrium-line altitude (ELA). The result shows good agreement (0.5%) with the field-estimated ELA from the Norwegian Water and Energy Administration. Themethod appears to be straightforward for this ice cap and it is envisaged that it could be a useful complementary method on other ice caps where repeat-pass SAR data are available.
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Argyrou, Argyro y Athos Agapiou. "A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing for Archaeological Research". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 23 (26 de noviembre de 2022): 6000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14236000.
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The documentation and protection of archaeological and cultural heritage (ACH) using remote sensing, a non-destructive tool, is increasingly popular for experts around the world, as it allows rapid searching and mapping at multiple scales, rapid analysis of multi-source data sets, and dynamic monitoring of ACH sites and their environments. The exploitation of remote sensing data and their products have seen an increased use in recent years in the fields of archaeological science and cultural heritage. Different spatial and spectral analysis datasets have been applied to distinguish archaeological remains and detect changes in the landscape over time, and, in the last decade, archaeologists have adopted more thoroughly automated object detection approaches for potential sites. These approaches included, among others, object detection methods, such as those of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms, as well as convolutional neural networks (CNN) and deep learning (DL) models using aerial and satellite images, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing (ASRS), multispectral, hyperspectral images, and active methods (synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and light detection and ranging radar (LiDAR)). Researchers also refer to the potential for archaeologists to explore such artificial intelligence (AI) approaches in various ways, such as identifying archaeological features and classifying them. Here, we present a review study related to the contributions of remote sensing (RS) and artificial intelligence in archaeology. However, a main question remains open in the field of research: the rate of positive contribution of remote sensing and artificial intelligence techniques in archaeological research. The scope of this study is to summarize the state of the art related to AI and RS for archaeological research and provide some further insights into the existing literature.
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Bakon, Matus, Richard Czikhardt, Juraj Papco, Jan Barlak, Martin Rovnak, Peter Adamisin y Daniele Perissin. "remotIO: A Sentinel-1 Multi-Temporal InSAR Infrastructure Monitoring Service with Automatic Updates and Data Mining Capabilities". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 11 (11 de junio de 2020): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111892.
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Multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MT-InSAR) is nowadays a well-developed remote sensing technique for monitoring of Earth’s surface deformation. The availability of regular and open Copernicus Sentinel-1 satellite data with enhanced spatiotemporal coverage has recently stimulated several initiatives for development of new monitoring services which can help to respond to emergencies faster and apply resilience measures more accurately as compared to conventional ground-based techniques. In this paper, the alpha version of the remotIO (Retrieval of Motions and Potential Deformation Threats) system is presented. It is currently able to provide continuous and autonomous updates of MT-InSAR results and post-processing methodology over sites with active deformation hazards to ease the interpretation and facilitate decision-supporting tools for on-time situational awareness. Our post-processing approach implemented in remotIO’s web application has proven to be useful in filtering the resultant deformation maps and in pinpointing problematic zones with potential ground deformation threats also over low-coherent areas.
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Caporossi, Paolo, Paolo Mazzanti y Francesca Bozzano. "Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Analysis of the 3 December 2013 Montescaglioso Landslide (Basilicata, Southern Italy): Results from a Multi-Dataset Investigation". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, n.º 9 (8 de septiembre de 2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7090372.
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Image correlation remote sensing monitoring techniques are becoming key tools for providing effective qualitative and quantitative information suitable for natural hazard assessments, specifically for landslide investigation and monitoring. In recent years, these techniques have been successfully integrated and shown to be complementary and competitive with more standard remote sensing techniques, such as satellite or terrestrial Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry. The objective of this article is to apply the proposed in-depth calibration and validation analysis, referred to as the Digital Image Correlation technique, to measure landslide displacement. The availability of a multi-dataset for the 3 December 2013 Montescaglioso landslide, characterized by different types of imagery, such as LANDSAT 8 OLI (Operational Land Imager) and TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor), high-resolution airborne optical orthophotos, Digital Terrain Models and COSMO-SkyMed Synthetic Aperture Radar, allows for the retrieval of the actual landslide displacement field at values ranging from a few meters (2–3 m in the north-eastern sector of the landslide) to 20–21 m (local peaks on the central body of the landslide). Furthermore, comprehensive sensitivity analyses and statistics-based processing approaches are used to identify the role of the background noise that affects the whole dataset. This noise has a directly proportional relationship to the different geometric and temporal resolutions of the processed imagery. Moreover, the accuracy of the environmental-instrumental background noise evaluation allowed the actual displacement measurements to be correctly calibrated and validated, thereby leading to a better definition of the threshold values of the maximum Digital Image Correlation sub-pixel accuracy and reliability (ranging from 1/10 to 8/10 pixel) for each processed dataset.
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Kopeć, Anna, Paweł Trybała, Dariusz Głąbicki, Anna Buczyńska, Karolina Owczarz, Natalia Bugajska, Patrycja Kozińska, Monika Chojwa y Agata Gattner. "Application of Remote Sensing, GIS and Machine Learning with Geographically Weighted Regression in Assessing the Impact of Hard Coal Mining on the Natural Environment". Sustainability 12, n.º 22 (10 de noviembre de 2020): 9338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229338.
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Mining operations cause negative changes in the environment. Therefore, such areas require constant monitoring, which can benefit from remote sensing data. In this article, research was carried out on the environmental impact of underground hard coal mining in the Bogdanka mine, located in the southeastern Poland. For this purpose, spectral indexes, satellite radar interferometry, Geographic Information System (GIS) tools and machine learning algorithms were utilized. Based on optical, radar, geological, hydrological and meteorological data, a spatial model was developed to determine the statistical significance of the selected factors’ individual impact on the occurrence of wetlands. Obtained results show that Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) change, terrain height, groundwater level and terrain displacement had a considerable influence on the occurrence of wetlands in the research area. Moreover, the machine learning model developed using the Random Forest algorithm allowed for an efficient determination of potential flooding zones based on a set of spatial variables, correctly detecting 76% area of wetlands. Finally, the GWR (Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) modelling enabled identification of local anomalies of selected factors’ influence on the occurrence of wetlands, which in turn helped to understand the causes of wetland formation.
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Yang, C. H., Y. Pang y U. Soergel. "Monitoring of Building Construction by 4D Change Detection Using Multi-temporal SAR Images". ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-1/W1 (30 de mayo de 2017): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-1-w1-35-2017.
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Monitoring urban changes is important for city management, urban planning, updating of cadastral map, etc. In contrast to conventional field surveys, which are usually expensive and slow, remote sensing techniques are fast and cost-effective alternatives. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors provide radar images captured rapidly over vast areas at fine spatiotemporal resolution. In addition, the active microwave sensors are capable of day-and-night vision and independent of weather conditions. These advantages make multi-temporal SAR images suitable for scene monitoring. Persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) detects and analyses PS points, which are characterized by strong, stable, and coherent radar signals throughout a SAR image sequence and can be regarded as substructures of buildings in built-up cities. Attributes of PS points, for example, deformation velocities, are derived and used for further analysis. Based on PSI, a 4D change detection technique has been developed to detect disappearance and emergence of PS points (3D) at specific times (1D). In this paper, we apply this 4D technique to the centre of Berlin, Germany, to investigate its feasibility and application for construction monitoring. The aims of the three case studies are to monitor construction progress, business districts, and single buildings, respectively. The disappearing and emerging substructures of the buildings are successfully recognized along with their occurrence times. The changed substructures are then clustered into single construction segments based on DBSCAN clustering and α-shape outlining for object-based analysis. Compared with the ground truth, these spatiotemporal results have proven able to provide more detailed information for construction monitoring.
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Martino, S. y P. Mazzanti. "Integrating geomechanical surveys and remote sensing for sea cliff slope stability analysis: the Mt. Pucci case study (Italy)". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, n.º 4 (11 de abril de 2014): 831–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-831-2014.
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Abstract. An integrated approach to the geomechanical characterization of coastal sea cliffs was applied at Mt. Pucci (Gargano promontory, Southern Italy) by performing field-based geomechanical investigations and remote geostructural investigations via a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). The consistency of the integrated techniques allowed to achieve a comprehensive and affordable characterization of the main joint sets on the sea cliff slope. The observed joint sets were considered to evaluate the proneness of the slope to rock failures by attributing safety factor (SF) values to the topple- and wedge-prone rock blocks under three combined or independent triggering conditions: (a) hydrostatic water pressures within the joints, (b) seismic action, and (c) strength reduction due to weathering of the joint surfaces. The combined action of weathering and water pressures within the joints was also considered, resulting in a significant decrease in the stability. Furthermore, remote survey analyses via InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Ground Based Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (GBInSAR) were performed to evaluate the role of the surveyed joint sets in inducing instabilities in the Mt. Pucci sea cliff. The results from the remote surveys: (i) GBInSAR monitoring revealed permanent displacements coupled to cyclic daily displacements, these last ones detected in certain sectors of the cliff wall; (ii) the thermal images allowed us to identify anomalies that correspond well to the main joints and to the slope material released due to recent collapses.
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Amitrano, Donato, Raffaella Guida, Domenico Dell’Aglio, Gerardo Di Martino, Diego Di Martire, Antonio Iodice, Mario Costantini, Fabio Malvarosa y Federico Minati. "Long-Term Satellite Monitoring of the Slumgullion Landslide Using Space-Borne Synthetic Aperture Radar Sub-Pixel Offset Tracking". Remote Sensing 11, n.º 3 (12 de febrero de 2019): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030369.
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Kinematic characterization of a landslide at large, small, and detailed scale is today still rare and challenging, especially for long periods, due to the difficulty in implementing demanding ground surveys with adequate spatiotemporal coverage. In this work, the suitability of space-borne synthetic aperture radar sub-pixel offset tracking for the long-term monitoring of the Slumgullion landslide in Colorado (US) is investigated. This landslide is classified as a debris slide and has so far been monitored through ground surveys and, more recently, airborne remote sensing, while satellite images are scarcely exploited. The peculiarity of this landslide is that it is subject to displacements of several meters per year. Therefore, it cannot be monitored with traditional synthetic aperture radar differential interferometry, as this technique has limitations related to the loss of interferometric coherence and to the maximum observable displacement gradient/rate. In order to overcome these limitations, space-borne synthetic aperture radar sub-pixel offset tracking is applied to pairs of images acquired with a time span of one year between August 2011 and August 2013. The obtained results are compared with those available in the literature, both at landslide scale, retrieved through field surveys, and at point scale, using airborne synthetic aperture radar imaging and GPS. The comparison showed full congruence with the past literature. A consistency check covering the full observation period is also implemented to confirm the reliability of the technique, which results in a cheap and effective methodology for the long-term monitoring of large landslide-induced movements.
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Richter, Nicole y Jean-Luc Froger. "The role of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar in Detecting, Mapping, Monitoring, and Modelling the Volcanic Activity of Piton de la Fournaise, La Réunion: A Review". Remote Sensing 12, n.º 6 (22 de marzo de 2020): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12061019.
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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing plays a significant role in volcano monitoring despite the measurements’ non real-time nature. The technique’s capability of imaging the spatial extent of ground motion has especially helped to shed light on the location, shape, and dynamics of subsurface magmatic storage and transport as well as the overall state of activity of volcanoes worldwide. A variety of different deformation phenomena are observed at exceptionally active and frequently erupting volcanoes, like Piton de la Fournaise on La Réunion Island. Those offer a powerful means of investigating related geophysical source processes and offer new insights into an active volcano’s edifice architecture, stability, and eruptive behavior. Since 1998, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been playing an increasingly important role in developing our present understanding of the Piton de la Fournaise volcanic system. We here collect the most significant scientific results, identify limitations, and summarize the lessons learned from exploring the rich Piton de la Fournaise SAR data archive over the past ~20 years. For instance, the technique has delivered first evidence of the previously long suspected mobility of the volcano’s unsupported eastern flank, and it is especially useful for detecting displacements related to eruptions that occur far away from the central cone, where Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) stations are sparse. However, superimposed deformation processes, dense vegetation along the volcano’s lower eastern flank, and turbulent atmospheric phase contributions make Piton de la Fournaise a challenging target for applying InSAR. Multitemporal InSAR approaches that have the potential to overcome some of these limitations suffer from frequent eruptions that cause the replacement of scatterers. With increasing data acquisition rates, multisensor complementarity, and advanced processing techniques that resourcefully handle large data repositories, InSAR is progressively evolving into a near-real-time, complementary, operational volcano monitoring tool. We therefore emphasize the importance of InSAR at highly active and well-monitored volcanoes such as Mount Etna, Italy, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i, and Piton de la Fournaise, La Réunion.
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Sun, Tong, Wuqun Cheng, Mohamed Abdelkareem y Nasir Al-Arifi. "Mapping Prospective Areas of Water Resources and Monitoring Land Use/Land Cover Changes in an Arid Region Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques". Water 14, n.º 15 (6 de agosto de 2022): 2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152435.
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Groundwater is a vital water resource for economic, agricultural, and domestic purposes in arid regions. To reduce water scarcity in arid regions, recently, remote sensing and GIS techniques have been successfully applied to predict areas with prospective water resources. Thus, this study attempted to spatially reveal groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) and to conduct change detection on the desert fringes of Wadi Asyuti, a defunct tributary of Egypt’s Nile basin in eastern Sahara. Eleven influential groundwater factors generated from remote sensing imagery, and geological, hydrological, and climatic conditions were combined after giving a weight to each factor through a GIS-based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) coupled with the weighted overlay technique (WOT). The results revealed six distinctive zones with scores ranging from very low (10.59%) to excellent (3.03%). Thirty-three productive groundwater wells, Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence change detection (CCD), a land use map derived from Sentinel-2, and the delineated flooding zone derived from Landsat-8 data were used to validate the delineated zones. The GWPZs indicated that 48% of the collected wells can be classified as consistent to excellent. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and image classification were applied to the multi-temporal Landsat series and Sentinel-2 along with the InSAR CCD data derived from Sentinel-1 images to reveal dramatic changes in land use/land cover (LU/LC) in terms of agricultural and other anthropogenic activities in the structurally downstream area, which is the most promising area for future developments. Overall, the integration of radar and multispectral data through the GIS technique has the ability to provide valuable information about water resources in arid regions. Thus, the tested model is a promising technique, and such information is extremely significant for the guidance of planners and decision makers in the area of sustainable development.
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Theron, Andre y Jeanine Engelbrecht. "The Role of Earth Observation, with a Focus on SAR Interferometry, for Sinkhole Hazard Assessment". Remote Sensing 10, n.º 10 (20 de septiembre de 2018): 1506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10101506.
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Sinkholes are global phenomena with significant consequences on the natural- and built environment. Significant efforts have been devoted to the assessment of sinkhole hazards to predict the spatial and temporal occurrence of future sinkholes as well as to detect small-scale deformation prior to collapse. Sinkhole hazard maps are created by considering the distribution of past sinkholes in conjunction with their geomorphic features, controlling conditions and triggering mechanisms. Quantitative risk assessment then involves the statistical analysis of sinkhole events in relation to these conditions with the aim of identifying high risk areas. Remote sensing techniques contribute to the field of sinkhole hazard assessment by providing tools for the population of sinkhole inventories and lend themselves to the monitoring of precursory deformation prior to sinkhole development. In this paper, we outline the background to sinkhole formation and sinkhole hazard assessment. We provide a review of earth observation techniques, both for the compilation of sinkhole inventories as well as the monitoring of precursors to sinkhole development. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches and conclude by highlighting the potential role of radar interferometry in the early detection of sinkhole-induced instability resulting in a potential decrease in the risk to human lives and infrastructure by enabling proactive remediation.
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D’Aranno, Peppe J. V., Alessandro Di Benedetto, Margherita Fiani, Maria Marsella, Ilaria Moriero y José Antonio Palenzuela Baena. "An Application of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) Technique for Infrastructure Monitoring". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 6 (10 de marzo de 2021): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13061052.
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In the absence of systematic structural monitoring to support adequate maintenance standards, many existing infrastructures may reach unacceptable quality levels during their life cycle, resulting in significant damage and even potential failure. The metropolitan area of the Gulf of Salerno (Italy), served by a complex multimodal transport network connecting the port area to the roads and railways surrounding the urban area, represents an important industrial and commercial hub at the local and international scale. This particular scenario, developed in a complex morphological and geological context, has led to the interference and overlapping of the transport network (highway, railway, main and secondary roads) that run through the piedmont area north of the port. Given the relevance of the area, our research aims to highlight the capabilities of the persistent scatterer interferometry (PSI) technique, belonging to the group of differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), to extract space–temporal series of displacements on ground points or artifacts with millimeter accuracy useful to understand ongoing deformation processes. By using archived data from the European Space Agency missions, i.e., ERS1/2 (European remote-sensing satellite) and ENVISAT (environmental satellite), and the most recent data from COSMO-SkyMed constellations, it was possible to collect a 28-year dataset that was used to spatially analyze displacement patterns at a site-specific scale to check the stability of viaducts and embankments, and on a larger scale to understand the activity of the surrounding slopes. Despite the different resolution and subsequently the ground density, the analysis of the different datasets showed a spatiotemporal consistency in the displacement patterns that concerned two subareas showing significant annual velocity trends, one northeast of the city and the second in the port area. The analysis presented in this paper highlights how a complex geologic area, combining slope movements and various fault systems, could be a major concern for the stability of the overlying infrastructure and also the role that a PSI analysis can play in remotely monitoring their behavior over long periods of time.
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Rahmoune, Rachid, Mohammed Sulaimani, Jan Stammeijer, Saif Azri, Roeland van Gilst, Abir Mahruqi, Rawya Aghbari y Abdesslam Belghache. "Multitemporal SAR interferometry for monitoring of ground deformations caused by hydrocarbon production in an arid environment: Case studies from the Sultanate of Oman". Leading Edge 40, n.º 1 (enero de 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle40010045.1.
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Time-lapse interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) remote sensing methods of surface deformation have proven their use in desert environments. The data are acquired frequently without the need to send personnel or equipment into the field. The quality and accuracy of the data is very high. The spatial resolution of the data is excellent and matches that of surface seismic data. These characteristics make the data well suited for a variety of time-lapse monitoring tasks. In this study, we describe the accuracy of the InSAR technique relative to other measurements such as the global positioning system and precise leveling (acquired at known stable locations). We illustrate two case studies of differing natures. In one case, gas production leads to reservoir compaction, which is tracked as surface subsidence with time using frequent InSAR data. The results are used to map zones of increased deformation and identify areas with localized changes. These insights are being used to influence decisions on new wells and well interventions, to provide support for management of facility integrity, and to advise building code and material selection that can withstand the expected rate of deformation. The second case of a shallow steam flood illustrates the use of InSAR data to identify areas of surface uplift following thermal expansion of the reservoir. These data are also used to support the monitoring of the steam chamber growth and confinement in the reservoir. The information from InSAR will become more valuable for reservoir management when the steam chamber matures and conventional downhole data acquisition consequently becomes challenging. In summary, oil and gas fields located in arid environments lend themselves well to remote sensing using the InSAR technique because (1) they are sizeable (from tens to hundreds of square kilometers); (2) they are free from vegetation, snow cover, and most atmospheric distortions, although cloud and pollution can affect the data quality; and (3) they benefit from highly repeatable long-term regular monitoring.
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Sun, Xiaolin, Xi Chen, Liao Yang, Weisheng Wang, Xixuan Zhou, Lili Wang y Yuan Yao. "Using InSAR and PolSAR to Assess Ground Displacement and Building Damage after a Seismic Event: Case Study of the 2021 Baicheng Earthquake". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 13 (23 de junio de 2022): 3009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133009.
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During unexpected earthquake catastrophes, timely identification of damaged areas is critical for disaster management. On the 24 March 2021, Baicheng county was afflicted by a Mw 5.3 earthquake. The disaster resulted in three deaths and many human injuries. As an active remote sensing technology independent of light and weather, the increasingly accessible Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an attractive data for assessing building damage. This paper aims to use Sentinel-1A radar images to rapidly assess seismic damage in the early phases after the disaster. A simple and robust method is used to complete the task of surface displacement analysis and building disaster monitoring. In order to obtain the coseismic deformation field, differential interferometry, filtering and phase unwrapping are performed on images before and after the earthquake. In order to detect the damage area of buildings, the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) techniques are used. A simple and fast method combining coherent change detection and polarimetric decomposition is proposed, and the complete workflow is introduced in detail. In our experiment, we compare the detection results with the ground survey data using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) after the earthquake to verify the performance of the proposed method. The results indicate that the experiment can accurately obtain the coseismic deformation field and identify the damaged and undamaged areas of the buildings. The correct identification accuracy of collapsed and severely damaged areas is 86%, and that of slightly damaged and undamaged areas is 84%. Therefore, the proposed method is extremely effective in monitoring seismic-affected areas and immediately assessing post-earthquake building damage. It provides a considerable prospect for the application of SAR technology.