Tesis sobre el tema "Radar à synthèse d'ouverture (SAR)"
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El, Zaart Ali. "Statistical inference and distribution selection for SAR image analysis : a mixture-based approach". Thèse, Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2001. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5001.
Texto completoTria, Mohamed. "Imagerie Radar à Synthèse d'Ouverture (RSO) Par Analyse En Ondelettes Continues Multidimensionnelles". Phd thesis, Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011181.
Texto completoThe thesis work was about the " Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging by using the multidimensional continuous wavelet analysis ". This work consisted in establishing time-frequency methods in the SAR domain. The principle of the SAR imaging consists in irradiating a ground zone with electromagnetic waves emitted by the radar antenna. This zone contains several reflectors belonging to one or several targets. While the airborne is moving on its flight path, the antenna emits periodically impulses which reach the whole targets located on the irradiated zone. A non-negligible part of each impulse is reflected by the target and received by the radar. The whole collected data will be used to form a high resolution image of the illuminated zone thanks to an algorithm of image reconstruction. The classical imaging methods assume that the reflectors are isotropic (they behaves the same way regardless the aspect under wich they are viewed) and white (they have the same properties within the emitted bandwidth). Unfortunately, new capacities in SAR imaging (large bandwidth, large angular excursions of analysis) makes these assumptions obsolete. The purpose of the thesis work consisted in developing a time-frequency method based on the use of continuous wavelets allowing to highlight the anisotropic and coloration effects of the irradiated points. This kind of analysis is based on the concept of hyperimage which allows to associate to each pixel an energetic response which is a function of the aspect and the frequency. The algorithm allowing to implant the continuous wavelet transform is based on the Fourier transform. Hence, this algorithm is not expensive in terms of time calculation by using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). .
Lê, Thu Trang. "Extraction d'informations de changement à partir des séries temporelles d'images radar à synthèse d'ouverture". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAA020/document.
Texto completoA large number of successfully launched and operated Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites has regularly provided multitemporal SAR and polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) images with high and very high spatial resolution over immense areas of the Earth surface. SAR system is appropriate for monitoring tasks thanks to the advantage of operating in all-time and all-weather conditions. With multitemporal data, both spatial and temporal information can simultaneously be exploited to improve the results of researche works. Change detection of specific features within a certain time interval has to deal with a complex processing of SAR data and the so-called speckle which affects the backscattered signal as multiplicative noise.The aim of this thesis is to provide a methodology for simplifying the analysis of multitemporal SAR data. Such methodology can benefit from the advantages of repetitive SAR acquisitions and be able to process different kinds of SAR data (i.e. single, multipolarization SAR, etc.) for various applications. In this thesis, we first propose a general framework based on a spatio-temporal information matrix called emph{Change Detection Matrix} (CDM). This matrix contains temporal neighborhoods which are adaptive to changed and unchanged areas thanks to similarity cross tests. Then, the proposed method is used to perform three different tasks:1) multitemporal change detection with different kinds of changes, which allows the combination of multitemporal pair-wise change maps to improve the performance of change detection result;2) analysis of change dynamics in the observed area, which allows the investigation of temporal evolution of objects of interest;3) nonlocal temporal mean filtering of SAR/PolSAR image time series, which allows us to avoid smoothing change information in the time series during the filtering process.In order to illustrate the relevancy of the proposed method, the experimental works of the thesis is performed on four datasets over two test-sites: Chamonix Mont-Blanc, France and Merapi volcano, Indonesia, with different types of changes (i.e., seasonal evolution, glaciers, volcanic eruption, etc.). Observations of these test-sites are performed on four SAR images time series from single polarization to full polarization, from medium to high, very high spatial resolution: Sentinel-1, ALOS-PALSAR, RADARSAT-2 and TerraSAR-X time series
Moureaux, Jean-Marie. "Quantification vectorielle algebrique pour la compression d'images. Application a l'imagerie radar a synthese d'ouverture (sar)". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4799.
Texto completoQuin, Guillaume. "Etude des séries temporelles en imagerie satellitaire SAR pour la détection automatique de changements". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0003/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis presents the MIMOSA (Method for generalIzed Means Ordered Series Analysis) change detection methood. This new technique can automatically detect changes between SAR image pairs or within time series. Indeed, thanks to the temporeal means, the number of involved images doesn’t matters because only two different means are compared to detect the changes (for example, the geometric and quadratic means). Thus, large data volumes can be processed easily, since the useful information is condensed within the temporal means. The only change detection parameter is the false alarm rate that will be MIMOSA method are very good compared to other methods. Several tests have been performed in order to quantify the robustness of the method facing the most common problems, like image misregistration or radiometric calibration errors. A graphical user interface has also been developed for MIMOSA, including many useful tools to prepare and process SAR data, but also several analyse tools
Taylor, Abigael. "Traitements SAR multivoies pour la détection de cibles mobiles". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN048/document.
Texto completoAirborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides high-resolution images, by compensating a phase shift linked to the platform movement. However, this processing is not suited for imaging moving target, for they introduce an additional phase shift, depending on their velocity and acceleration. By using a multichannel SAR system, it is possible to correctly process moving targets. Such a processing is closely related to Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) principles. Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides high-resolution images, by compensating a phase shift linked to the platform movement. However, this processing is not suited for imaging moving target, for they introduce an additional phase shift, depending on their velocity and acceleration. By using a multichannel SAR system, it is possible to correctly process moving targets. Such a processing is closely related to Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) principles
Quin, Guillaume. "Etude des séries temporelles en imagerie satellitaire SAR pour la détection automatique de changements". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0003.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis presents the MIMOSA (Method for generalIzed Means Ordered Series Analysis) change detection methood. This new technique can automatically detect changes between SAR image pairs or within time series. Indeed, thanks to the temporeal means, the number of involved images doesn’t matters because only two different means are compared to detect the changes (for example, the geometric and quadratic means). Thus, large data volumes can be processed easily, since the useful information is condensed within the temporal means. The only change detection parameter is the false alarm rate that will be MIMOSA method are very good compared to other methods. Several tests have been performed in order to quantify the robustness of the method facing the most common problems, like image misregistration or radiometric calibration errors. A graphical user interface has also been developed for MIMOSA, including many useful tools to prepare and process SAR data, but also several analyse tools
Zhao, Weiying. "Multitemporal SAR images denoising and change detection : applications to Sentinel-1 data". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLT003/document.
Texto completoThe inherent speckle which is attached to any coherent imaging system affects the analysis and interpretation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. To take advantage of well-registered multi-temporal SAR images, we improve the adaptive nonlocal temporal filter with state-of-the-art adaptive denoising methods and propose a patch based adaptive temporal filter. To address the bias problem of the denoising results, we propose a fast and efficient multitemporal despeckling method. The key idea of the proposed approach is the use of the ratio image, provided by the ratio between an image and the temporal mean of the stack. This ratio image is easier to denoise than a single image thanks to its improved stationarity. Besides, temporally stable thin structures are well-preserved thanks to the multi-temporal mean. Without reference image, we propose to use a patch-based auto-covariance residual evaluation method to examine the residual image and look for possible remaining structural contents. With speckle reduction images, we propose to use simplified generalized likelihood ratio method to detect the change area, change magnitude and change times in long series of well-registered images. Based on spectral clustering, we apply the simplified generalized likelihood ratio to detect the time series change types. Then, jet colormap and HSV colorization may be used to vividly visualize the detection results. These methods have been successfully applied to monitor farmland area, urban area, harbor region, and flooding area changes
Allain, Sophie. "Caractérisation d'un sol nu à partir de données SAR polarimétriques. Etude multi-fréquentielle et multi-résolutions". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012010.
Texto completoDes relations quantitatives entre la rugosité et l'humidité du sol et des descripteurs polarimétriques sont déterminées au moyen d'un modèle de diffusion utilisant la méthode de l'équation intégrale. Deux algorithmes d'inversion multi-fréquentiels sont développés pour l'extraction des paramètres physiques d'une surface et sont appliqués sur des mesures SAR polarimétriques acquises au laboratoire européen JRC.
La réponse électromagnétique d'une surface rugueuse dépend aussi de la taille de la cellule de résolution radar. La relation entre la résolution SAR et les caractéristiques polarimétriques d'une surface est établie en partageant son spectre en deux composantes. Un nouveau modèle de diffusion prenant en compte la résolution est ainsi présenté et validé sur des données multi-résolutions polarimétriques.
Çakir, Ziyadin. "Analyse des déformations de surface associées aux séismes d'Izmit et de Dücze de 1999 (Turquie) en utilisant l'interférométrie radar à synthèse d'ouverture (InSAR)". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GLOB0002.
Texto completoRiché, Vishal. "Étude et réalisation d'un système d'imagerie SAR exploitant des signaux et configurations de communication numérique". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870035.
Texto completoLedo, Gonçalves Ramos Fernanda. "Apport de l'interférométrie radar satellitaire pour le suivi des évolutions environnementales en Amazonie, Brésil". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069825.
Texto completoPoisson, Jean-Baptiste. "Reconstruction de trajectoires de cibles mobiles en imagerie RSO aéroportée". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0084/document.
Texto completoCircular SAR imagery brings a lot of information concerning the illuminated scenes and the moving targets. Objects may be seen from any angle, and the continuity of the illumination allows generating a lot of successive images from the same scene. In the scope of this thesis, we develop a moving target trajectory reconstruction methodology using circular SAR imagery, and we study the performances of this methodology. We have first measured the apparent coordinates of the moving targets on SAR images, and also the defocusing parameter of the targets. This enables us to obtain information concerning target movement, especially the velocity and the acceleration. We then used these measurements to develop a non-linear system that makes the link between the apparent trajectories of the moving targets and the real ones. We have shown, by a mathematical and numerical analysis of the robustness, that only a model of moving target with constant velocity enables us to obtain accurate trajectory reconstructions from a sufficient angular span. Then, we have studied the azimuth resolution influence on the reconstruction accuracy. In order to achieve this, we have theoretically estimated the measurement accuracy and the corresponding reconstruction accuracy. We have highlighted the existence of an optimal azimuth resolution, depending on the target radiometry and on the validity of the two target models. Finally, we have validated the method on two real data sets on X-Band acquired by SETHI and RAMSES NG, the ONERA radar systems, and confirmed the theoretical analyses of its performances
Chatzitheodoridi, Maria-Elisavet. "Processing Optimization for Continuous Phase Modulation-based Joint Radar-Communication System : Application on Imaging Radar". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPAST022.
Texto completoDue to the continuous growth of electromagnetic applications, the spectrum gets more and more congested. A possible solution to this problem is the creation of joint radar-communication systems, because they can alleviate the spectrum occupancy by using the same bandwidth to perform both applications. In this thesis, a joint Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)-Communication system based on a communication waveform is considered. To do so, among all the existing codes, we chose Continuous Phase Modulated codes (CPM), and more specifically a sub-family called Phase Frequency Shift-Keying codes (CPFSK). Their properties, in particular the spectral occupation, are first studied and compared to other well-known communication codes. However, these waveforms present degraded compression qualities when compared to the usual chirp used for radars. More specifically, the sidelobes generated from the Matched Filter compression are higher, and thus deteriorate the resulting SAR image. The mismatched filter that minimizes the sidelobe level is proposed along with a fast algorithm that provides the filters for all the transmitted signals during an acceptable computational cost. This mismatched filter is further improved so that it can deal with unknown parameters. More precisely, if unknown Doppler shift or off-grid delay values are applied to the received signal, then an improved mismatched filter is provided. Such a problem can be extended to other radar applications. Once the range compression method choice is established, an evaluation of the results is proposed. On the one hand, re-synthesized SAR images are generated, reconstructed from real chirp-based data, using CPM codes and mismatched filters, and different comparison tools to ensure their performance.On the other hand, real data are acquired in an ISAR framework, in order to validate our system in a realistic context. Finally, we can provide a positive answer to the question: can we create a joint SAR-communication system that transmits information and provides an image of good radar quality?
Schreiber, Floriane. "Estimation des conditions océanographiques par inversion de données issues d'un radar imageur non calibré". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0016.
Texto completoMany empirical models describing sea clutter statistical distribution exist but they do not directly depend on the sea sate. They are not suitable to perform inversion. To model the statistical distribution of the backscattered intensity, we use a two-scale model (TSM) which is linked to the sea state via the mss (mean square slope). This model allows to retrieve the NRCS but does not perfectly describes the sea clutter distribution simultaneously in the two direct polarization channels. This is due to an overestimation of the Bragg polarization ratio (PR)
Gelas, Colette. "Inversion de données PolSAR en bande P pour l'estimation de la biomasse forestière". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30282.
Texto completoThis thesis took place during the preparation phase of the BIOMASS ESA (European Space Agency) mission, which plans to exploit for the first time ever a P-band (435 MHz) spaceborne SAR, with the aim at mapping forest biomass and height worldwide for the period 2023-2028. The use of the P-band comes from its unique sensitivity to forest biomass, in relation to its ability to penetrate through dense media like tropical forests. The BIOMASS mission is based on the use of three imaging modes: Polarimetry (PolSAR), Interferometry (PolInSAR) and Tomography (TomoSAR), and aims at delivering forest biomass and height maps every 7 months at a resolution of 4 ha, as well as maps of severe disturbances at 0.5 ha. The thesis has been organised around the development of a processing chain made of several modules in order to map forest biomass from P-band PolSAR images, and for a wide range of forest types and observation conditions. The two main modules consist in the development of a PolSAR indicator related to forest biomass and in a Bayesian method built on likelihood functions derived from a predictive electromagnetic model (MIPERS-4D). A first study focused on the comparison between various PolSAR based indicators adapted to forest biomass estimation on several test sites. In particular, this thesis emphasises the possibility of minimising the effects of topography with the joint use of digital elevation models (DEM) which give an approximation of terrain slopes and with the fully polarimetric covariance matrix from which it is also possible to extract topographic information like the azimuthal component of terrain slopes. In order to improve the link between backscatter coefficients and biomass, the minimisation of speckle effects has also been studied in the specific framework of BIOMASS acquisitions plan, meaning the adaptation of state-of-the-art filtering techniques for polarimetric SLC time series data. This work results in the development of a multi-channel filter adapted to PolSAR time series, which has been demonstrated on the TropiSAR data acquired at the Paracou test site, and described in the paper "Multi-temporal speckle filtering of polarimetric P-band SAR data over dense tropical forests in French Guiana: application to the BIOMASS mission", published in the journal Remote Sensing, in which a new indicator to quantify filtering performances has been also highlighted, in connection with the capacity of P-band PolSAR data to characterise the azimuthal slopes. These works contribute to develop an inversion method accounting for the challenging constraints of spatial and temporal generalisations for the future BIOMASS acquisitions at global scale. The developed method proposes the combination of the so-called t0 indicator derived from PolSAR data in order to optimise the relationship with forest biomass, with a Bayesian method minimising the dispersion effects thanks to likelihood functions derived from the MIPERS-4D model. The observation conditions related to the temporal or spatial variability can be thereby accounted for, and application of the method to the P-band airborne SAR data acquired during the BIOMASS mission preparation phases shows its great interest to avoid the direct propagation of dispersive factors into biomass. These contributions enabled to adapt and improve the processing chain, and paved to way to further prospects of new insights such as the method generalisation with PolInSAR and TomoSAR indicators, in order to achieve a more thorough exploitation of the upcoming BIOMASS data
Poisson, Jean-Baptiste. "Reconstruction de trajectoires de cibles mobiles en imagerie RSO aéroportée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENST0084.
Texto completoCircular SAR imagery brings a lot of information concerning the illuminated scenes and the moving targets. Objects may be seen from any angle, and the continuity of the illumination allows generating a lot of successive images from the same scene. In the scope of this thesis, we develop a moving target trajectory reconstruction methodology using circular SAR imagery, and we study the performances of this methodology. We have first measured the apparent coordinates of the moving targets on SAR images, and also the defocusing parameter of the targets. This enables us to obtain information concerning target movement, especially the velocity and the acceleration. We then used these measurements to develop a non-linear system that makes the link between the apparent trajectories of the moving targets and the real ones. We have shown, by a mathematical and numerical analysis of the robustness, that only a model of moving target with constant velocity enables us to obtain accurate trajectory reconstructions from a sufficient angular span. Then, we have studied the azimuth resolution influence on the reconstruction accuracy. In order to achieve this, we have theoretically estimated the measurement accuracy and the corresponding reconstruction accuracy. We have highlighted the existence of an optimal azimuth resolution, depending on the target radiometry and on the validity of the two target models. Finally, we have validated the method on two real data sets on X-Band acquired by SETHI and RAMSES NG, the ONERA radar systems, and confirmed the theoretical analyses of its performances
Duro, Javier. "Development of new methodologies for the detection, measurement and on going monitoring of ground deformation using spaceborne SAR data". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00638089.
Texto completoPastoré, Laurette. "Imagerie radar par synthèse d'ouverture en basse fréquence". Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100026.
Texto completoCompared to optical imaging, radar advantages are : it is sensitive to weather and lightening conditions, range resolution does not depend on distance to target and polarimetric measure can provide information about electrical properties of the reflector. Synthetic aperture imagery makes us of aircraft motion to built a synthetic antenna, enhancing image cross range resolution. The ONERA radar RAMSES was recently upgraded with low frequency bands (P-Band). These frequencies penetrate through the ground and through forest canopy. However, it raises specific problems which this dissertation deals with : algorithm validity, calibration methods and image analysis. The wider synthetic antenna exceeds the classical Range Doppler Algorithm limitations. The Range Migration Algorithm used revealed as a good solution to this problem. The calibration process proposed takes into account the fluctuations of aircraft attitude and canonical traget response along the synthetic antenna. The calibrated images analysis enables foliage attenuation measure and features a significant under foliage penetration and a strong dependence on the incidence angle and polarisation. A change detection procedure was developed in order to extend this analysis to complex under cover targets detection (commodity trucks). Foliage penetration was also demonstrated using an original technique : SAR imaging on the vertical plane. Theoretical study about ground propagation predicts attenuation which strongly depends on incidence angle, on polarisation, and, most of all, on moist content. Radar stereo-vision evidence revealed that buried structures are indeed visible on our P band images
Hervet, Éric. "Appariement d'images Radar à Synthèse d'Ouverture en conditions radargrammétriques". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT007H.
Texto completoGiret, Rébecca. "Imagerie radar par synthèse d'ouverture pour la gestion du trafic autoroutier". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922039.
Texto completoTrebossen, Hervé. "Apport des images RADAR à synthèse d'ouverture à la cartographie marine". Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0140.
Texto completoMore half of the carriage of goods throughout the world is done by sea. One of the means allowing to ensure the safety of the ships and consequently to avoid accidental pollution, is to put at provision of the sailors of the sea charts of quality, in conformity with the modern means of navigation (navigation by GPS). Unfortunately, currently, these documents of navigation are old on a number of coastal zones. The SHOM who is in charge in France of the establishment and of the diffusion of nautical information, uses, in certain cases, to bring up to date its cards more quickly, of the images of remote sensing coming from the optical satellites SPOT. In zones with strong nebulosity, the acquisition of such data is very random, the images of the satellites with Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) bring the advantage of not being disturbed by the cloud cover. Present study is borned of collaboration between SHOM and UMLV, its main goal is to develop a method to use SAR images in order to facilitate nautical chart reactualisation. First chapter of this work presents, on each various site which "will be auscultated" through images radar with synthesis of opening, great characteristics of the medium, the data base images and cards then interest of the site for marine cartography. The five coastal sites presented are partly in humid tropical area (French Guiana, Cameroon, Gabon), in polar zone (Terre-Adélie) and last in arid inter-tropical area (Mauritania). Second chapter relates to the radiometric and geometrical processing implemented for the use of the images radar. Radiometric processing will comprise mainly the use of known algorithms for filtering of the speckle on amplitude images, generating coherence images with complex SAR data and extracting automatically information from SAR data. With regard to the geometrical processing, we chose to develop a tool in order to georeference our ERS images database. This tool requires to know satellite orbitography, geoid height on study site and internal satellite geometry. Validation of this tool will be based on ground control points acquisition and on comparison between ERS images acquired in ascending and descending pass. SAR data analysis will be done on topics interesting nautical charts updating: shallow waters close to coast, on inter-tidal zone, and finally, on terrestrial part, coastal vegetation and anthropic zones. Other remote sensing data (optical and different SAR data) could be used, according to availabilities, to enrich our matter. Last, fourth chapter is devoted with re-actualisations of nautical charts in which we participated. We propose new cartographic products including recent SAR images and older data from nautical charts, to compensate lack of traditional maps up to date and likely to integrated evolutions observed study sites
Guglielmi-Giraudo, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude de méthodes super-résolvantes appliquées au radar à synthèse d'ouverture". Toulouse, INPT, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPT081H.
Texto completoOnana, Vincent de Paul. "Système d'aide à l'extraction automatique d'informations géographiques dans les images radar à synthèse d'ouverture". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0127.
Texto completoVasile, Gabriel. "Imagerie radar à synthèse d'ouverture interférométrique et polarimétrique : application au suivi des glaciers alpins". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS019.
Texto completoIn this PhD thesis, two main axes have been investigated. The first methodological part of this thesis proposes a particular focus on speckle filtering of POL-InSAR multivariate data and its implication on parameter estimation. The objective of speckle filtering is to retrieve the radiometric and spatial scene information from the observed speckled SAR measurement. Three main directions for gaining in stationarity/ergodicity have been investigated : signal adaptive neighbourhoods, non-adaptive/adaptive estimators and compensation of deterministic components in the interferometric phase signal. This thesis proposes a novel strategy for filtering multivariate SAR images, namely the use of adaptive neighbourhoods obtained by multivariate region growing techniques. According to this algorithm, named IDAN, all the available intensity images of the polarimetric or/and interferometric components are fused in the region growing process to ensure the validity of the stationarity/ergodicity assumptions. A novel method for estimating local frequencies in SAR interferograms is proposed. These algorithms have been tested both on several high resolution airborne data sets, and on low resolution spaceborne tandem ERS SAR images. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to Alpine glacier monitoring by SAR remote sensing. This part tackles the problem of processing multivariate SAR data over the Chamonix Mont-Blanc test site. The first application presented consists in measuring the 3D displacement field of an Alpine glacier by D-InSAR. The analysis of several tandem ERS interferograms between July 1995 and April 1996 shows that it is possible to measure temperate glacier surface velocity fields from October to April in 1-day C-band interferograms with approximately 20-meter ground sampling. The second application is represented by the first POL-InSAR analysis of multiband high resolution airborne SAR data acquired by the ESAR system in October 2006
Le, Tourneau François-Michel. "Etude des paysages du littoral amazonien à partir d'images de radar à synthèse d'ouverture". Marne-la-Vallée, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MARN0042.
Texto completoMavrocordatos, Constantin. "Étude et réalisation d'un calculateur temps réel pour un radar à synthèse d'ouverture aéroporté". Toulouse, ENSAE, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ESAE0011.
Texto completoSoccorsi, Matteo. "Estimation des paramètres et modélisation des données radar à synthèse d'ouverture à haute résolution". Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00561766.
Texto completoThe thesis is approaching this problematic by statistical modeling and Bayesian inference for complex SAR image analysis. The Tikhonov regularization method is applied for image restoration because it allows to reformulate the ill-posed image estimation problem into a well-posed problem by the selection of a convex function. It allows to use the required image and prior models and to find the Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimate solution, exploiting the connection to the Bayesian framework. Furthermore it allows the optimization to be performed on complex-valued data and to include the system impulse response which has to be included to correctly model the SAR image. The use of the Rate Distortion for model selection is possible because of the connection between the mutual information and the Occam factor which permits the model selection in the first level of Bayesian inference. The model selection is applied in order to optimize the parameters of the Model Based Despeckling (MBD) algorithm for image denoising and feature extraction : the optimal average analyzing window and the optimal average model order. The method is a global approach and suits in case of large data sets because of its simplicity and fastness. The Rate Distortion based model selection is appropriate for the design of image information mining systems. The Tikhonov regularization shows to be a powerfulmethod for the regularization of complex-valued images. It is recommended in applications where the phase is required, e. G. Interferometry, target analysis, because it provides an estimation of the image reflectivity while preserving the phase of the signal
Mallepeyre, Vincent. "Conception d'un simulateur radar à synthèse d'ouverture ultra large bande pour la détection de mines". Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0045.
Texto completoThis work consists in validating the concept of target detection through the ground thanks to Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) using ultra short transient pulses covering a very broad spectrum (100 MHz-1 GHz). This study results from a collaboration between the IRCOM (Research Institute in Optical and Microwave Communications) and the CELAR (Armament Electronic Centre in Bruz (35) France). A SAR Ultra Wide Band (UWB) radar demonstrator, named PULSAR, was built and tested on the CELAR site. The object of this thesis is to describe the numerical tools that had to be adapted to deal with the specific problem of mine detection, laid or buried, in grounds of different characteristics, thanks to a SAR UWB radar. A good consistency was obtained between the responses determined theoretically and those measured for targets positioned on the surface
Veyssière, Gaëlle. "Apport des mesures du radar à synthèse d'ouverture de Sentinel-1 pour l'étude des propriétés du manteau neigeux". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0025/document.
Texto completoMonitoring snowpack properties in moutainous areas is directly related to major socio-economic issues. Among these issues, avalanche prediction works through a range of tools based on meteorological and snow observations and modeling. In this thesis, co-funded by the CNES and Météo-France, we evaluated the contribution of Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing observations to study the snowpack properties and the quality of the simulations for assimilation in a snowpack model. As a first step, we evaluated the SAFRAN-ISBA/Crocus- MEMLS modeling chain against pre-processed Sentinel-1 data for 3 winter seasons from 2014 to 2017 over an area of 2310 km2 in the Northern French Alps. We have shown that SAR data are relevant for monitoring snowpack evolution and demonstrated the ability of the modeling chain to reproduce observed signal variations despite strong negative bias in wet snow conditions. We focused on wet snow products derived from Sentinel-1 SAR observations in synergy with snow absence/presence products derived from visible Sentinel-2 observations. This study was conducted on the winter season 2017-2018, which was remarkable for its snow and avalanche conditions. Such combined products make it possible to follow the spatio-temporal variability of mountain wet snow and dry snow at high elevation. This work opens the way for the assimilation of SAR remote sensing data into the Crocus snowpack model as well as greater exploitation of this data in the context of avalanche snow monitoring and prediction for a variety of purposes
Ciuc, Mihai. "Traitement d'images multicomposantes : application à l'imagerie couleur et radar". Chambéry, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CHAMS007.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with multicomponent image processing. A multicomponent image pixel is characterized by a few components, which may be of different nature. More precisely, this thesis extends the adaptive-neighborhood principle to multicomponent images. This principle, so far investigated for the case of gray-level images, consists in determining, for each pixel, a variable-sized, variable-shaped neighborhood, which ) serves as spatial support for the computation of the final value at that current pixel. We exemplify the application of the principle to multicomponent images in the context of various applications covering the field of color (filtering, enhancement) and radar (multitemporal SAR image filtering, coherence filtering in complex interferograms) imagery. Moreover, we show that, for each of the studied applications, the adaptive-neighborhood-based operators lead to better results than those obtained by standard operators, by both subjective and objective criteria
Mesnager, Gilles. "Évaluation de méthodes spectrales pour le traitement à bord de données issues d'un radar à synthèse d'ouverture". Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT060H.
Texto completoImbo, Patrick. "Apport de la diversité de polarisation dans le cadre de Radars à Synthèse d'Ouverture spatiaux". Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT015H.
Texto completoPeyregne, Rémi. "Caractérisation des cibles mobiles (MTI) et compensation autofocus de mouvements dans un radar de cartographie à ouverture de synthèse (SAR)". Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0023.
Texto completoMvogo, Ngono Joseph. "Compression des images de radar à synthèse d'ouverture dans le cadre de leur utilisation dans les systèmes d'information géographique". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MARN0130.
Texto completoBruniquel, Jérôme. "Contribution de données multi-temporelles à l'amélioration radiométrique et à l'utilisation d'images de radars à synthèse d'ouverture". Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30159.
Texto completoBelgued, Youssef. "Amélioration de la qualité géométrique des images spatiales radar : méthodes de localisation et restitution du relief par radargrammétrie". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT019H.
Texto completoLi, Huimin. "Global observations of ocean surface winds and waves using spaceborne synthetic aperture radar measurements". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0138/document.
Texto completoSpaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been demonstrated invaluable in observing the global ocean winds and waves. SAR images acquired by multiple sensors are employed, including Sentinel-1(S-1), Envisat/ASAR, Gaofen-3 and Radarsat-2. This thesis reviews the commonly used SAR parameters (NRCS and azimuth cutoff) in the first part. A series of calibration steps are required to obtain a proper NRCS and assessment of NRCS is carried out for S-1wave mode (WV). It turns out that WV is poorly calibrated and is thus re-calibrated to obtain accurate NRCS. Azimuth cut off is demonstrated to be complementary to NRCS and can account for the sea state impact on the wind retrieval. Based on the available fully polarimetric SAR products, azimuth cut off is found to vary greatly with polarizations. The present SAR mapping transformation is sufficient to interpret the co-polarized azimuth cut off, while not for the cross-polarization. With the limitations of SAR imaging in mind, a new parameter is proposed and defined based on the SAR image cross-spectra, termed as MACS. The imaginary part of MACS is found to be a signed quantity relative to the wind direction. Given this dependence, an independent wind retrieval algorithm is expected to benefit. The magnitude of MACS is able to aid for estimate of modulation function of SAR mapping. In addition, MACS also gives promising results regarding the global wave studies. The global signatures of MACS at various wave lengths are well representative of the winds distributions, spatially and seasonally. MACS of long waves shows greater values over the storm tracks while the shorter waves are mostly within the trader winds. These results are expected to help evaluate the model outputs and complement further studies of the global wave spectral climate. Data continuity in the coming 10 years shall extend the study towards longer duration
Ogor, Benoit. "Etude comparative de méthodes de filtrage de speckle et de segmentation en imagerie radar à synthèse d'ouverture : application à la région des polders du Mont-St-Michel". Rennes, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAR0015.
Texto completoBujor, Florentin. "Extraction - fusion d'informations en imagerie radar multi-temporelle". Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS023.
Texto completoThe work presented in this thesis is articulated around three axis : two methodological axis, information extraction and fusion in multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, and one more thematic axis, the application of the proposed methods for change detection and for detection of geographical stable objects. The "extraction-fusion" strategy allows the use of multi-temporal SAR data in the operational context of deforestation monitoring or geographical map updating, in regions where satellite optical imagery meets bad weather conditions. The attributes developed in the information extraction axis bring an original contribution to the multi-temporal SAR image analysis. Based on the existing parameters for the single-date images, the attributes are extended to the multi-temporl case to exploit either the information redundancy for the detection improvement of the stable structures, or the radiometry modificatins to detect the changes occured between acquisistions. The second methodological axis consists in fusing the extracted information in the form of attributes by an original method designed for the special context of spce-borne remote sensing. The collaboration with geophysicists led us to develop an interactive fusion method which integrates the expert knowledge of the researched zones and about the behavior of the attributes. A symbolic fuzzy fusion system allows to reach this objective through a graphical user interface (GUI) built in IDL, the programming language of ENVI, a widespread software in the remote sensing community. In addition to the functionalities of interactive adjustment of the membership functions, the developed GUI incorporates a set of functionalities which make it user-friendly for operators belonging to the application fields
Picard, Ghislain. "Modélisation radar des couverts végétaux : applications à la télédétection de couverts forestiers et agricoles". Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30159.
Texto completoSouyris, Jean-Claude. "Etude polarimétrique de dièdres droits et de dièdres à arête elliptique ou hélicoi͏̈dale. Application à la calibration de radars à synthèse d'ouverture et à l'analyse discriminante de cibles canoniques". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30179.
Texto completoBarrachina, Jose Agustin. "Complex-valued neural networks for radar applications". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG094.
Texto completoRadar signal and SAR image processing generally require complex-valued representations and operations, e.g., Fourier, wavelet transforms, Wiener, matched filters, etc. However, the vast majority of architectures for deep learning are currently based on real-valued operations, which restrict their ability to learn from complex-valued features. Despite the emergence of Complex-Valued Neural Networks (CVNNs), their application on radar and SAR still lacks study on their relevance and efficiency. And the comparison against an equivalent Real-Valued Neural Network (RVNN) is usually biased.In this thesis, we propose to investigate the merits of CVNNs for classifying complex-valued data. We show that CVNNs achieve better performance than their real-valued counterpart for classifying non-circular Gaussian data. We also define a criterion of equivalence between feed-forward fully connected and convolutional CVNNs and RVNNs in terms of trainable parameters while keeping a similar architecture. We statistically compare the performance of equivalent Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), and Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNNs) for polarimetric SAR image segmentation. SAR image splitting and balancing classes are also studied to avoid learning biases. In parallel, we also proposed an open-source toolbox to facilitate the implementation of CVNNs and the comparison with real-equivalent networks
Rondeau-Genesse, Gabriel. "Suivi de l'eau liquide dans la neige par images radar en bande C et par modélisation fine du manteau neigeux". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8140.
Texto completoRoukounakis, Nikolaos. "Application d'un modèle météorologique à haute résolution à la correction troposphérique d'observations interférométriques de radar à synthèse d'ouverture (InSAR) dans la région de l'ouest du golfe de Corinthe, Grèce". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEE042.
Texto completoSpace geodesy techniques (SAR interferometry and GNSS) have recently emerged as an important tool for mapping regional surface deformations due to tectonic movements. A limiting factor to this technique is the effect of the troposphere, as horizontal and vertical surface velocities are of the order of a few mm yr⁻¹, and high accuracy (to mm level) is essential. The troposphere introduces a path delay in the microwave signal, which, in the case of GNSS Precise Point Positioning (PPP), can nowadays be successfully removed with the use of specialized mapping functions. Moreover, tropospheric stratification and short wavelength spatial turbulences produce an additive noise to the low amplitude ground deformations calculated by the (multitemporal) InSAR methodology. InSAR atmospheric phase delay corrections are much more challenging, as opposed to GNSS PPP, due to the single pass geometry and the gridded nature of the acquired data. Several methods have been proposed, including Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) zenithal delay estimations, satellite multispectral imagery analysis, and empirical phase/topography estimations. These methods have their limitations, as they rely either on local data assimilation, which is rarely available, or on empirical estimations which are difficult in situations where deformation and topography are correlated. Thus, the precise knowledge of the tropospheric parameters along the propagation medium is extremely useful for the estimation and minimization of atmospheric phase delay, so that the remaining signal represents the deformation mostly due to tectonic or other geophysical processes. In this context, the current PhD Thesis aims to investigate the extent to which a high-resolution weather model, such as WRF, can produce detailed tropospheric delay maps of the required accuracy, by coupling its output (in terms of Zenith Total Delay or ZTD) with the vertical delay component in GNSS measurements. The model initially is operated with varying parameterization in order to demonstrate the best possible configuration for our study, with GNSS measurements providing a benchmark of real atmospheric conditions. In the next phase, the two datasets (predicted and observed) are compared and statistically evaluated for a period of one year, in order to investigate the extent to which meteorological parameters that affect ZTD, can be simulated accurately by the model under different weather conditions. Finally, a novel methodology is tested, in which ZTD maps produced from WRF and validated with GNSS measurements in the first phase of the experiment are used as a correction method to eliminate the tropospheric effect from selected InSAR interferograms. Results show that a high-resolution weather model which is fine-tuned at the local scale can provide a valuable tool for the tropospheric correction of InSAR remote sensing data
Danilo, Céline. "Évaluation des courants de surface océanique au moyen d'un radar à ouverture synthétique". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560597.
Texto completoZine, Sonia. "Contribution de la télédétection satellitale radar pour le suivi des paramètres de surface d'une zone sahélienne agro-pastorale". Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009644.
Texto completoTrouvé, Nicolas. "Comparaison des outils optique et radar en polarimétrie bistatique". Phd thesis, Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/68/47/57/PDF/these.pdf.
Texto completoThe polarimetric information is fundamentally similar for the micro-wave (radar), infrared and visible (optics) domains. However, measurement instruments vary considerably and therefore all the developed tools (calibration, geometric conventions, noise filtering) differ between the different communities. These differences are illustrated in particular by the following : the acquisition geometry, typically bistatic in optics and mainly monostatic in radar ; the nature of the measure, coherent for the radar (intensity and phase) and incoherent for optics ; the processing. This thesis attempts to compare the use of these tools in these two worlds to improve our understanding and use of polarimetry. A calibration method inspired by optics was first adapted to the case of bistatic radar. Then the impact of bistatic geometries and choice of reference polarimetric bases were analyzed, first for simple targets and then for depolarizing targets. That leads us to choose the diffusion plane as reference plane for conducting polarimetric analysis on bistatic radar images. Then we focus on the estimation of the covariance matrix in radar and on the statistical pre-processing. We propose here an original polarimetric segmentation scheme and a new family of polarimetric detectors. Finally, we discuss the different polarimetric decompositions, and various applications : characterization of depolarizing optical media (biological tissues) or radar (forest), help for 3D rendering
Gao, Qi. "Estimation des ressources en eau sur les surfaces continentales par télédétection micro-onde multi-capteurs". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30137.
Texto completoThe estimation of the water resources of the continental surfaces at a regional and global scale is fundamental for good water resources management. This estimation covers a wide range of topics and fields, including the characterisation of soils and water resources at the basin scale, hydrological modelling and flood prediction and mapping. In this context, the characterisation of the states of the continental surface, to obtain better input parameters for hydrological models, is essential to improve the precision in the simulation of flows, droughts, and floods. The estimation of the water content in the system, including the different water bodies and the free water in the soil, is especially necessary for a precise description of the hydrological processes and, in general, of the water cycle on the continental surfaces. To better characterise hydrological processes, human interventions cannot be neglected. Humans influence the water cycle, mainly through irrigation and the construction of reservoirs, which must be correctly quantified. The objective of the thesis is the improvement of the remote estimation of water resources, including the quantification of human factors, using several sensors recently launched, taking advantage of recent developments in remote sensing technology. With the arrival of the Sentinel constellations (Sentinel-1, 2, 3), we have better tools to estimate water resources, including human impacts, with greater precision and coverage. This thesis consists mainly of two parts where human interventions in the water cycle are considered: irrigation cartography (as an application of soil moisture), and the forcing of reservoirs in hydrological simulations (as an application of altimetry). Firstly, soil moisture is estimated from the statistical analysis of Sentinel-1 SAR data. Two methodologies are developed to obtain soil moisture with a spatial resolution of 100 m based on the interpretation of Sentinel-1 data collected with the VV polarization (vertical-vertical), which is combined with optical data of Sentinel-2 for the analysis of the effects of vegetation. Secondly, irrigation is mapped under various meteorological conditions, including high spatial and temporal resolution
Harant, Olivier. "Méthodes statistiques en télédétection RSO polarimétrique haute résolution pour la modélisation et le suivi temporel des glaciers". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863648.
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