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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "R-curve"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de febrero de 2022

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1

Ghadirdokht, A. y M. Heidari-Rarani. "Delamination R-curve behavior of curved composite laminates". Composites Part B: Engineering 175 (octubre de 2019): 107139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107139.

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2

Sarkar, Debasish, Bikramjit Basu, Min Cheol Chu y Seong Jai Cho. "R-curve behavior of Ti3SiC2". Ceramics International 33, n.º 5 (julio de 2007): 789–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.01.002.

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3

Wolfenden, A., HS Pearson y DE McCabe. "R-Curve Round-Robin Program for ASTM Recommended Practice for R-Curve Determination (E 561)". Journal of Testing and Evaluation 14, n.º 4 (1986): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte11261j.

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4

Farnsworth, David L. "Axes for symmetric convex curves". Mathematical Gazette 102, n.º 553 (8 de febrero de 2018): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2018.4.

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Curves are given in polar coordinates (r, θ)by equations of the form r = f (θ), where for f (θ) > 0 all θ. Consider curves which are symmetric about the origin O, so that, f(θ + π) = f (θ) for all θ. For such a curve, its interior is the set {(r, θ) : 0 ≤ r ≤ f (θ)}. Further, assume that the curve is convex. Recall that a closed curve is convex if a line segment between any two of its points has no points exterior to the curve [1], [2, pp. 198-203]. We call these curves M-curves, because the curves are fundamental objects in Minkowski geometry, where they are called Minkowski circles or simply circles [3, 4]. That application is briefly discussed in the Section 4 but is not required for our purposes.Examples of M-curves are displayed in Figures 1 to 6. In order to express these curves as functions in rectangular coordinates, we need axes.

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5

Jiang, Zhengwen, Shui Wan, Thomas Keller, Zhi Fang y Anastasios P. Vassilopoulos. "Influence of curved delamination front on R-curve of DCB specimen". Composite Structures 227 (noviembre de 2019): 111311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111311.

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6

Bujalance, E., G. Gromadzki y M. Izquierdo. "On real forms of a complex algebraic curve". Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society 70, n.º 1 (febrero de 2001): 134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446788700002329.

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AbstractTwo projective nonsingular complex algebraic curves X and Y defined over the field R of real numbers can be isomorphic while their sets X(R) and Y(R) of R-rational points could be even non homeomorphic. This leads to the count of the number of real forms of a complex algebraic curve X, that is, those nonisomorphic real algebraic curves whose complexifications are isomorphic to X. In this paper we compute, as a function of genus, the maximum number of such real forms that a complex algebraic curve admits.

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7

Rödiger, Stefan, Alexander Böhm y Ingolf Schimke. "Surface Melting Curve Analysis with R". R Journal 5, n.º 2 (2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/rj-2013-024.

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8

Srinivasan, S. y R. O. Scattergood. "R-curve measurements in PSZ ceramics". Journal of Materials Research 5, n.º 7 (julio de 1990): 1490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1990.1490.

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An indentation-bend failure-stress method was used for measurement of R-curves in a series of PSZ ceramics with varying peak toughness. Dilatational transformation-stress constraints are included in the residual-stress driving force contribution to the applied stress intensity factor. A power-law fit to the form of the R-curve simplifies the analysis. While the resulting curves show the expected form, measured toughness values are high relative to the expected peak toughness. Limitations and the range of applicability of the indentation-bend technique are discussed.

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9

Rosa, V., K. A. Fukushima, M. Borba, H. N. Yoshimura y P. F. Cesar. "R-curve behavior of dental porcelains". Dental Materials 27 (enero de 2011): e72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.568.

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10

Vekinis, G., M. F. Ashby y P. W. R. Beaumont. "R-curve behaviour of Al2O3 ceramics". Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 38, n.º 6 (junio de 1990): 1151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(90)90188-m.

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11

Akatsu, Takashi, Minoru Suzuki, Yasuhiro Tanabe y Eiichi Yasuda. "Effects of whisker content and dimensions on the R-curve behavior of an alumina matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers". Journal of Materials Research 16, n.º 7 (julio de 2001): 1919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2001.0263.

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A study was made of the effects of whisker content and dimensions on the R-curve behavior of an alumina matrix composite reinforced with silicon carbide whiskers. Experiments showed that the rising R-curve behavior is strongly enhanced by the increase in the volume fraction and the size of whiskers. Simulation based on a model of crack face whisker bridgings was made to elucidate the effects on the R-curve of the composite. The validity of the simulation was confirmed by good agreement between the experimental and the calculated R-curves. In addition to the R-curve, the distribution of crack closure stresses as well as crack tip opening displacements was also calculated, which directly reflects crack face whisker bridging processes in the composite. Then the dependence of whisker content and dimensions on the R-curve was analytically discussed taking the bridging processes into account.

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12

Sumpter, J. D. G. "An alternative view of R curve testing". Engineering Fracture Mechanics 64, n.º 2 (septiembre de 1999): 161–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(99)00074-0.

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13

Fischer, H., W. Rentzsch y R. Marx. "R-Curve Behavior of Dental Ceramic Materials". Journal of Dental Research 81, n.º 8 (agosto de 2002): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910208100809.

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14

Yoon, Young Sik, Sang Woong Na, Jaehyung Lee, Myeong-Woo Cho, Eun-Sang Lee y Won-Seung Cho. "R-Curve Behavior of Si3N4-BN Composites". Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87, n.º 7 (julio de 2004): 1374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07740.x.

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15

Lutz, Ekkehard H. y Mototsugu Sakai. "R-Curve and Compliance Change upon Renotching". Journal of the American Ceramic Society 76, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1993): 3113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb06616.x.

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16

Olsson, Marten y Antonios E. Giannakopoulos. "R-CURVE MODEL OF CERTAIN CERAMIC COMPOSITES". Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures 16, n.º 5 (mayo de 1993): 539–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00765.x.

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17

Mekky, Waleed y Patrick S. Nicholson. "R-curve modeling for Ni/Al2O3 laminates". Composites Part B: Engineering 38, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2006.05.001.

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18

Kim, Y. W., M. Mitomo y N. Hirosaki. "R-curve behaviour of sintered silicon nitride". Journal of Materials Science 30, n.º 16 (agosto de 1995): 4043–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00360707.

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19

Yu, Hang-Hai, Shou-Ren Wang y Li-Ying Yang. "R-Curve Behavior of Si3N4/BNNT Composites". Applied Composite Materials 20, n.º 5 (26 de febrero de 2013): 947–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10443-013-9311-1.

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20

Fett, T. y D. Munz. "Evaluation of R-curve effects in ceramics". Journal of Materials Science 28, n.º 3 (1993): 742–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01151251.

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21

Henning, W., M. Calvo y F. Osterstock. "R-curve behaviour of metallic glass ribbons". Journal of Materials Science 20, n.º 5 (mayo de 1985): 1889–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00555298.

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22

Suo, Z., G. Bao y B. Fan. "Delamination R-curve phenomena due to damage". Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 40, n.º 1 (enero de 1992): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-5096(92)90198-b.

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23

Knutsen, Andreas Leopold, Margherita Lelli-Chiesa y Giovanni Mongardi. "Severi varieties and Brill–Noether theory of curves on abelian surfaces". Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik (Crelles Journal) 2019, n.º 749 (1 de abril de 2019): 161–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/crelle-2016-0029.

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Abstract Severi varieties and Brill–Noether theory of curves on K3 surfaces are well understood. Yet, quite little is known for curves on abelian surfaces. Given a general abelian surface S with polarization L of type {(1,n)} , we prove nonemptiness and regularity of the Severi variety parametrizing δ-nodal curves in the linear system {|L|} for {0\leq\delta\leq n-1=p-2} (here p is the arithmetic genus of any curve in {|L|} ). We also show that a general genus g curve having as nodal model a hyperplane section of some {(1,n)} -polarized abelian surface admits only finitely many such models up to translation; moreover, any such model lies on finitely many {(1,n)} -polarized abelian surfaces. Under certain assumptions, a conjecture of Dedieu and Sernesi is proved concerning the possibility of deforming a genus g curve in S equigenerically to a nodal curve. The rest of the paper deals with the Brill–Noether theory of curves in {|L|} . It turns out that a general curve in {|L|} is Brill–Noether general. However, as soon as the Brill–Noether number is negative and some other inequalities are satisfied, the locus {|L|^{r}_{d}} of smooth curves in {|L|} possessing a {g^{r}_{d}} is nonempty and has a component of the expected dimension. As an application, we obtain the existence of a component of the Brill–Noether locus {{\mathcal{M}}^{r}_{p,d}} having the expected codimension in the moduli space of curves {{\mathcal{M}}_{p}} . For {r=1} , the results are generalized to nodal curves.

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24

Zhu, Xian-Kui y Brian N. Leis. "Application of Constraint Corrected J-R Curves to Fracture Analysis of Pipelines". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 128, n.º 4 (6 de diciembre de 2005): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2349571.

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Fracture properties of an API X80 pipeline steel have been developed using a set of single edge notched bend (SENB) and single edge notched tension (SENT) specimens with shallow and deep cracks to generate different crack-tip constraint levels. The test data show that the J-R curves for the X80 pipeline steel are strongly constraint dependent. To facilitate transfer of the experimental J-R curves to those for actual cracked components, like flawed pipeline, constraint corrected J-R curves are developed. The two-parameter J-A2 formulation is adopted to quantify constraint effect on the crack-tip fields and the J-R curves. The constraint parameter A2 is extracted by matching the J-A2 solution with finite element results for a specific crack configuration. A constraint corrected J-R curve is then formulated as a function of the constraint parameter A2 and crack extension Δa. A general method and procedure to transfer the experimentalJ-R curves from laboratory to actual cracked components are proposed. Using the test data of J-R curves for the SENB specimens, a mathematical expression representing a family of the J-R curves is constructed for the X80. It is shown that the predicted J-R curves developed in this paper agree well with experimental data for both SENB and SENT specimens. To demonstrate its application in assessing flaw instability, a pipeline with an axial surface crack is considered. For a crack depth of 50% of the wall thickness, the predicted J-R curve is found to be higher than that for the SENB specimen with the same crack length to width ratio. From this predicted J-R curve and crack driving force obtained by finite element analysis, the failure pressures of the pipeline at the crack initiation and instability are determined and discussed.

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25

Szutkowska, Magdalena y Marek Boniecki. "Crack Growth Resistance of Carbide Reinforced Composite Ceramics Based on Alumina". Key Engineering Materials 409 (marzo de 2009): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.231.

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The relationship of KR versus crack length c (R curve) for Al2O3-30wt.% Ti(C,N).and for comparison alumina ceramics has been examined. The R-curve has been evaluated using pronounced long-crack formed during the three point bending (3PB) of the double edge notched beam. A combination of in situ microscopic crack growth observation and mechanical testing enabled measurement of crack growth resistance curves. The special device consisting of light microscope coupled with CCD camera, was fitted to Zwick 1446 testing machine. These observations reveal the existence of flat R-curve for Al2O3-30wt.% Ti(CN) and increasing R-curve for pure alumina. A study of slow-crack-growth (SCG) in tested materials was carried. The load-relaxation technique was used for observation at slow-crack-growth. The crack length was evaluated by linear-elastic analysis from the compliance of single-edge-notched specimen in three-point bending test. Parameters of stable crack growth n and logA, work-of fracture (WOF), stress intensity factor at the moment of crack initiation KI0 and maximum values of stress intensity factor KImax were determined. Mechanism of grain bridging responsible for occurrence of R-curve was observed by SEM and TEM.

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26

Petersen, Jonas y Mads T. Frandsen. "A method for discriminating between dark matter models and MOND modified inertia via galactic rotation curves". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 496, n.º 2 (3 de junio de 2020): 1077–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1541.

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ABSTRACT Dark matter (DM) and modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) models of rotationally supported galaxies lead to curves with different geometries in (gN, gtot)-space (g2-space). Here, gtot is the total acceleration and gN is the acceleration as obtained from the baryonic matter via Newtonian dynamics. In MOND modified inertia (MI) models, the curves in g2-space are closed with zero area and so curve segments at radii r ≥ rN (large radii) and r < rN (small radii) coincide, where rN is the radius where gN is greatest. In DM models with cored density profiles where gtot is also zero at the Galactic Centre, the curves are again closed, but the area of the closed curves are in general non-zero because the curve segments at radii r ≥ rN and r < rN do not coincide. Finally in DM models with cuspy density profiles such as the NFW profile where gtot is formally non-zero at the galactic origin the curves are open, and again the curve segments at radii r ≥ rN and r < rN do not coincide. We develop a test of whether data at small and large radii coincide and investigate rotation curves from the SPARC data base in order to discriminate between the above geometries. Due to loosely quantified systematic uncertainties, we do not underline the result of the test, but instead conclude that the test illustrates the relevance of this type of analysis and demonstrate the ability to discriminate between the considered DM and MI models in this way.

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27

Li, Dongyun, Guanjun Qiao y Zhihao Jin. "R-curve behavior of laminated SiC/BN ceramics". Ceramics International 30, n.º 2 (enero de 2004): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-8842(03)00091-9.

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28

Steinbrech, R. W., A. Reichl y W. Schaarwachter. "R-Curve Behavior of Long Cracks in Alumina". Journal of the American Ceramic Society 73, n.º 7 (julio de 1990): 2009–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1990.tb05260.x.

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29

Kounga Njiwa, A. B., E. Aulbach, J. Rodel, S. L. Turner, T. P. Comyn y A. J. Bell. "Ferroelasticity and R-Curve Behavior in BiFeO3-PbTiO3". Journal of the American Ceramic Society 89, n.º 5 (mayo de 2006): 1761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00968.x.

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30

Munz, Dietrich. "What Can We Learn from R-Curve Measurements?" Journal of the American Ceramic Society 90, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01447.x.

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31

Gong, Jianghong y Zhenduo Guan. "Crack-location-dependent R-curve behavior in Si3N4". Journal of the European Ceramic Society 20, n.º 9 (agosto de 2000): 1339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(00)00019-4.

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32

Rauchs, G., T. Fett y D. Munz. "R-curve behaviour of 9Ce-TZP zirconia ceramics". Engineering Fracture Mechanics 69, n.º 3 (febrero de 2002): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(01)00073-x.

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33

Drugan, Gregory, Weiyong He y Micah W. Warren. "Legendrian curve shortening flow in $\mathbb{R}^3$". Communications in Analysis and Geometry 26, n.º 4 (2018): 759–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cag.2018.v26.n4.a4.

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34

Ouyang, Chengsheng y Surendra P. Shah. "Geometry-Dependent R-Curve for Quasi-Brittle Materials". Journal of the American Ceramic Society 74, n.º 11 (noviembre de 1991): 2831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb06851.x.

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35

Ameli, A., M. Papini, J. A. Schroeder y J. K. Spelt. "Fracture R-curve characterization of toughened epoxy adhesives". Engineering Fracture Mechanics 77, n.º 3 (febrero de 2010): 521–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2009.10.009.

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36

Gubeljak, Nenad, Mirco D. Chapetti, Jožef Predan y John D. Landes. "CTOD-R curve construction from surface displacement measurements". Engineering Fracture Mechanics 78, n.º 11 (julio de 2011): 2286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.05.002.

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37

Gopalakrishnan, Karthik y John J. Mecholsky. "Mixed-mode fracture in an R-curve material". Engineering Fracture Mechanics 79 (enero de 2012): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.11.019.

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38

Swain, M. V. "R-curve behaviour in a polycrystalline alumina material". Journal of Materials Science Letters 5, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1986): 1313–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01729403.

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39

Karimkashi, Shervin y Majid Amidpour. "Total site energy improvement using R-curve concept". Energy 40, n.º 1 (abril de 2012): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.01.067.

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40

Fett, T., D. Munz y G. Thun. "Fracture Toughness Testing on Bars Under Opposite Cylinder Loading". Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2004): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1639003.

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Bars loaded by opposite concentrated forces via rollers are appropriate test specimens for the determination of the fracture toughness, KIc, and the crack resistance curve (R-curve) of ceramic materials. In this paper stress solutions for the proposed test specimens are provided, as well as the stress intensity factor and the T-stress solutions. As practical applications, R-curves are determined for a soft PZT ceramic and several alumina ceramics.

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41

Zhao, J., J. Tang y H. C. Wu. "A Reliability Assessment Method in Strain-Based Fatigue Life Analysis". Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 120, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 1998): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2841893.

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For the purpose of fatigue reliability assessment based on strain-life analysis, a family of reliability-defined ε-Nf curves, called R-ε-Nf curves, is constructed by considering the interference model of fatigue strain capacity and applied strain history. The main effort of this work is to define reliability factors which are used to modify the conventional ε-Nf curve into a family of R-ε-Nf curves. A major contribution of this paper is to define two “unique” reliability factors, one for elastic-strain-life relation and the other for plastic-strain-life relation, for a certain reliability by using an empirical ε-Nf curve.

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42

Ferrandino, Francis J. "Relating the Progeny Production Curve to the Speed of an Epidemic". Phytopathology® 103, n.º 3 (marzo de 2013): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-04-12-0093-r.

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The dependence of the initial infection rate, r, on the basic reproductive number, R0, and the temporal moments of the progeny production curve are examined. A solution to the linearized Kermack-McKendrick equation is presented and used to analyze a variety of theoretical models of pathogen reproduction. The solution yields a relation between r and the basic reproductive number, R0; the mean time between pathogen generations, μ; and the standard deviation about this mean, σ. A transformation using the dimensionless variables rμ and rσ is introduced, which maps the solution onto a one-dimensional curve. An approximation for the value of r in terms of R0 and the first four temporal moments of the reproductive curve is derived. This allows direct comparison of epidemics resulting from theoretical models with those generated using experimentally obtained reproduction curves. For epidemics characterized by a value of rμ < 5, the value of r is well determined (<2%) by this fourth-order expansion regardless of the functional form of the reproduction curve.

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43

Ciampa, Donato y Saverio Olita. "The Use of Bloss Curve in The Exit Lanes of Road Intersections". Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, n.º 1 (17 de marzo de 2020): 76–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.462.

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The paper proposes the use of the Bloss curve (also known as biparametric or bi-hyperclothoid) as a braking curve in the exit lanes of road intersections. The main international standards continue using the clohoid as the principal transitional geometric element, even though the limits of its use in driving regimes with non-uniform speeds are known. The proposal to use the Bloss curve is aimed at overcoming these limitations and opening a debate on the possible need to codify, even in the international standards, the use of more suitable alternative braking curves. In this context, a kinematic study was conducted by comparing the main parameters of the motion (lateral jerk, lateral acceleration, steering speed) between the Bloss curve and more traditional curves, such as clothoid and Generalized Cornu Spirals (GCS). Nine case studies were conducted, each case was characterized considering the type of transition curve used (clothoid, GCS and Bloss curve) and radius R of the exit curve (R = 60 m, 80 m, 100 m). The numerical values assumed by the kinematic variables along the transition curves were “locally” calculated, i.e. “pointby- point”, to take into account the non-uniform motion regime. The results obtained, limited to the cases studied, show that the Bloss curve better meets the kinematic conditions of the vehicle motion in non-uniform driving regimes. Therefore, the Bloss curve can be considered as a braking curve in the design of road intersections and be a candidate for further investigation to assess any additional benefits in terms of comfort, driving safety and visual perception of the geometric element.

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44

Bakker, Benjamin. "A CLASSIFICATION OF LAGRANGIAN PLANES IN HOLOMORPHIC SYMPLECTIC VARIETIES". Journal of the Institute of Mathematics of Jussieu 16, n.º 4 (9 de septiembre de 2015): 859–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474748015000328.

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Classically, an indecomposable class $R$ in the cone of effective curves on a K3 surface $X$ is representable by a smooth rational curve if and only if $R^{2}=-2$. We prove a higher-dimensional generalization conjectured by Hassett and Tschinkel: for a holomorphic symplectic variety $M$ deformation equivalent to a Hilbert scheme of $n$ points on a K3 surface, an extremal curve class $R\in H_{2}(M,\mathbb{Z})$ in the Mori cone is the line in a Lagrangian $n$-plane $\mathbb{P}^{n}\subset M$ if and only if certain intersection-theoretic criteria are met. In particular, any such class satisfies $(R,R)=-\frac{n+3}{2}$, and the primitive such classes are all contained in a single monodromy orbit.

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45

KAVATHEKAR, PARITOSH A., BRUCE A. CRAIG, ALAN M. FRIEDMAN, CHRIS BAILEY-KELLOGG y DEVIN J. BALKCOM. "CHARACTERIZING THE SPACE OF INTERATOMIC DISTANCE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS CONSISTENT WITH SOLUTION SCATTERING DATA". Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 08, n.º 02 (abril de 2010): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720010004781.

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Scattering of neutrons and X-rays from molecules in solution offers alternative approaches to the study of a wide range of macromolecular structures in their solution state without crystallization. We study one part of the problem of elucidating three-dimensional structure from solution scattering data, determining the distribution of interatomic distances, P(r), where r is the distance between two atoms in the protein molecule. This problem is known to be ill-conditioned: for a single observed diffraction pattern, there may be many consistent distance distribution functions, and there is a risk of overfitting the observed scattering data. We propose a new approach to avoiding this problem: accepting the validity of multiple alternative P(r) curves rather than seeking a single "best." We place linear constraints to ensure that a computed P(r) is consistent with the experimental data. The constraints enforce smoothness in the P(r) curve, ensure that the P(r) curve is a probability distribution, and allow for experimental error. We use these constraints to precisely describe the space of all consistent P(r) curves as a polytope of histogram values or Fourier coefficients. We develop a linear programming approach to sampling the space of consistent, realistic P(r) curves. On both experimental and simulated scattering data, our approach efficiently generates ensembles of such curves that display substantial diversity.

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Karimi, F., A. Ranjbaran y P. Amirian. "Effect of R, µ and T on the Fragility Curves for Two Spans Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges". Journal of Applied Engineering Sciences 9, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jaes-2019-0020.

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Abstract Fragility curves are useful tools for evaluating the probability of structural damage due to earthquakes as a function of ground motion indices. The force reduction factor (R) is one of the seismic design parameters that determine the nonlinear performance of building structures during strong earthquakes. R factor itself is mostly a function of displacement ductility (µ), natural period of a structure, and soil conditions. A statistical method (Path Analysis) is proposed for the first time to determine the effect of R, µ and T on the column fragility curve parameters of typical box girder, two spans reinforced concrete highway bridge class. An analytical approach was adopted to develop the fragility curves based on numerical simulation. The R, µ and fundamental period T have been used to characterize different bridge configurations. The total, direct, and indirect effects of the variables as having significant effect on fragility curve parameters were identified.

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47

Langmead, Christopher J. "Screening for Positive Allosteric Modulators: Assessment of Modulator Concentration-Response Curves as a Screening Paradigm". Journal of Biomolecular Screening 12, n.º 5 (agosto de 2007): 668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057107301854.

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Targeting allosteric binding sites represents a powerful mechanism for selectively modulating receptor function. The advent of functional assays as the screening method of choice is leading to an increase in the number of allosteric modulators identified. These include positive allosteric modulators that can increase the affinity of the orthosteric agonist and potentiate the evoked response. A common method for screening for positive allosteric modulators is to examine a concentration-response (C/R) curve to the putative modulator in the presence of a single, low concentration of agonist. The study reported here has used data simulations for positive allosteric modulators according to the allosteric ternary complex model to generate modulator C/R curves. The results are then compared to the mechanistic parameters used to simulate the data. It is clear from the simulations that the potency of a positive modulator C/R curve in a screening assay is the product of both its affinity and positive cooperativity. However, it is often difficult to tell which parameter dominates the response; not knowing the actual affinity or cooperativity of a ligand may have consequences for receptor selectivity. Further modeling demonstrates that the use and choice of single agonist concentration, as well as changes in the agonist curve Hill slope, can have significant effects on the modulator C/R curve. Finally, the quantitative relationship between modulator C/R curves and the allosteric ternary complex model is explored. These simulations emphasize the importance of careful interpretation of screening data and of conducting full mechanism of action studies for positive allosteric modulators. ( Journal of Biomolecular Screening 2007:668-676)

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48

Nuraida, Ida, Hamdan Sugilar, Rahayu Kariadinata, Juariah Juariah y Nunung Sobarningsih. "Solving the heart curve with geogebra". MATEC Web of Conferences 197 (2018): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819701001.

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Heart symbols are used as expressions of love. There are several mathematical explanations that can produce a curve in the shape of a heart symbol, the most famous of which is cardioid. Graphs that look exotic like cardioid and limacon can be solved using polar coordinates. Polar equations r = a ± b cos θ and r = a ± b sin θ, with a and b positive are called limacon curves, for the special case a = b is called the cardiod. Computer technology is an alternative that can be used to help this. One of the computer programs that can be utilized as a medium of mathematics learning especially in drawing the heart curve is GeoGebra. GeoGebra is a dynamic mathematical software that combines geometry, algebra, and calculus. GeoGebra program serves as a learning medium that provides a visual experience to students in interacting with the concept of polar coordinates in solving the problem of the heart curve.

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49

Coureau, J. L., S. Morel, P. J. Gustafsson y C. Lespine. "Influence of the fracture softening behaviour of wood on load-COD curve and R-curve". Materials and Structures 40, n.º 1 (16 de junio de 2006): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9122-z.

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Terng, Chuu-Lian. "The geometric airy curve flow on $\mathbb{R}^n$". Surveys in Differential Geometry 23, n.º 1 (2018): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/sdg.2018.v23.n1.a7.

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