Tesis sobre el tema "Qualité-diversité"
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Souidène, Wided. "Exploitation de la diversité informationnelle en restauration autodidacte et évaluation de qualité". Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132015.
Texto completoTobelem-Zanin, Christine. "Qualité de la vie et diversité des villes françaises de plus de 50. 000 habitants". Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010517.
Texto completoMany authors had the quality of life as subject of their studies. Now and then it is necessary to take stock on this question and to try to propose a new definition of the concept. We have done such work in the first part of our research, trying to explain or to found a clear difference between life quality and well-being. In the second part, using for the most part, the economic studies and statistic national institute data, we have tried to create some materials and socials indicators of French urban life quality. We have find that is impossible to establish a single classification of the biggest French cities (more than 50 000 inhabitants) on a single basis of life quality. We have proposed a few classifications after different quantitative and qualitative analysis. The third part of this research is based on a local view of life quality that propose different municipalities to theirs inhabitants. The local council of four big cities have been inquired and, besides, we have done a prospective work on the analysis of the answers to a questionnaire of a biggest sample of municipalities
Porlier, Mélody. "Structure de population et diversité génétique de l'hirondelle bicolore (Tachycineta bicolor) le long d'un gradient de qualité d'habitat". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4803.
Texto completoRenouf, Vincent. "Description et caractérisation de la diversité microbienne durant l'élaboration du vin : interactions et équilibres, relations avec la qualité du vin". Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000340/.
Texto completoOn the grape, a large variety of micro-organisms coexist in an organized system including the principal species useful for winemaking. After pressing, interactions ensure alcoholic fermentation and fermentations. After sulphiting, the evolution of residual species suggests that interactions persist. Their understanding is necessary and needs a global view of the microbial diversity. Each technological operation and fermentative process influences this diversity. The system is gradually simplified because the wine becomes more and more deprived and toxic. Among the most resistant species, there are O. Oeni and B. Bruxellensis. Strains collections have been constituted for these species. The instraspecific diversity is shown by phenotypic and genetics studies in the first one. The variability in volatile phenols production, which spoils wine, is shown in the second
Tasset, Elise. "Services écosystémiques rendus par les prairies de marais et les prairies mésophiles : diversité floristique, qualité fourragère et stock de carbone". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC288/document.
Texto completoPermanent grasslands are recognized for the many agronomic and environmental services they provide. However, they are still plowed or threatened to be in favor of more productive cultures, or abandoned in the case of wet grasslands, where the conditions of exploitation are subjected to many constraints. Reconciling production and environmental objectives in order to maintain extensive agricultural activities is therefore essential in permanent grasslands. In this context, multi-service studies have been carried out in the wet grasslands of the Regional Natural Park (PNR) of the Cotentin and Bessin marshes (Normandy, France) as well as in a set of mesophilous grasslandsofcontrasting pedoclimatic conditions located in Normandy, Lorraine and Auvergne. The study focused on 3 categories of Ecosystem Services (ES) as defined by the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: floristic and functional diversity as support services, quality and forage production as supply services and stocks of organic carbon and soluble carbon soil contents as regulatory services. In order to analyzethe role of plant community functioning in the ES determinism, the measurement of leaf functional traits was carried out at the species and/or the plant community scales. Part of this work focuses particularly on the relationships between plant communities functioning and forage quality, and soil moisture conditions impact on micronutrient contents of species in wet grasslands. The results showed that, depending on the functional group, SLA or LDMC were good proxies for the digestibility of wet grassland forages. Dicots have higher micronutrient contents than Monocots. Our results show that flooding influences the elemental composition of flood-intolerant species more than adapted species and does not affect biomass production. In general, the plant community functioning does not explain all the relationship between ESs. Forage quality is linked to the plant community functioning as well as thefloristic and functional diversity but only forwet grasslands. In mesophilic grasslands, the history of management or the landscape structure could be important drivers. In addition, our results show that organic C stocks in the soil of wet and mesophilic grasslands are closely related to soil nature. ESs indicators have brought together 4 distinct groups of wet grasslands according to soil nature and management practices (mowing or grazing). Overall, the ESs packages offered by wet grasslands are better balanced than those provided by mesophilic grasslands, the latter being indistinguishable from another according to the geographical location. Extensively managed grasslands provide better environmental services than intensively managed grasslands and equivalent forage quality
Alencar, Figueiredo Lucio Flavio. "Analyse fonctionnelle de la diversité agronomique chez le sorgho (Sorghum bicolor ssp. Bicolor) : analyse de la diversité des séquences et de la variabilité au niveau de gènes clés pour la qualité du grain". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20253.
Texto completoMuret, Arnaud. "La qualité en recherche : la construction d'une norme Française". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001249.
Texto completoKhalfaoui, Liece. "Diversité culturelle et innovation organisationnelle en contexte de coopération internationale : le cas d’un Plan de Contrôle Qualité dans un projet international d’infrastructure de transport". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0011.
Texto completoInternational project development teams confront complex technical and organizational situations. The objective of the projects differs from the ordinary production by the uniqueness of the outcome and the inevitable unexpected events which require the resolution of emerging problems during the realization process. The search for solutions leads to innovations. The international context of projects adds cultural diversity to the diversity of the professions and profiles of the members, which means that the actors do not share the same references to give meaning to the situations they live in. For some researchers, cultural diversity within a team promotes creativity and innovation. For others, diversity raises difficulties that slow down the diffusion and realization of innovations. It is only the instrument to construct strategic artificial borders that protect the profits of the actors. This doctoral research is not intended to decide between the various theses but proposes, on the basis of an empirical work in an international context, elements of explanation to the relations between the differences of cultures on one hand, and the ability to generate and spread an organizational innovation on the other hand. This research is based on a single multicultural case study “the Quality Control Plan” in an international transport infrastructure project carried out by a consortium made up of Algerian, French and Italian firms. Our study reveals that examining cultural constructs in relation to power relations, and the articulation of national cultures with professional cultures, is crucial to understand the mechanisms explaining the links between cultural diversity and organizational innovation. Neither the cultures in presence, nor the power relationships are sufficient to explain the dynamics of an organizational innovation process; it is the articulation of these dimensions that plays into the interactions. Our managerial contribution is accentuated by taking into account the socio-cultural contexts of international projects, and reinforcing the formal and legal framework in these inter-organizational linkages
Van, Halder Inge. "Conservation des communautés de papillons de jour dans les paysages forestiers hétérogènes : effets de la qualité, de la diversité et de la fragmentation des habitats". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0001/document.
Texto completoWhile the area of plantation forests continues to increase worldwide, their contribution to theconservation of biodiversity is still controversial. The aim of this thesis is to identify key habitat andlandscape factors that drive butterfly diversity in mosaic landscapes dominated by pine plantations.Butterfly communities were sampled at edges and interiors of five successional stages of pine stands,in firebreaks, riparian forests and in deciduous woodlands varying in fragment size and isolation.Biological and ecological traits of butterflies were related to habitat patch attributes and tolandscape composition and configuration.The results highlighted the critical importance of semi-natural habitats for butterfly conservation inpine plantation mosaics, i.e. deciduous woodlands, firebreaks and edges. Riparian forests wereespecially rich in forest butterfly species, harboring specialized species with both narrow habitat andthermal ranges. Firebreaks had twice as many species as other habitat types and were ofconservation value for several threatened butterfly species. Our results also showed that pine standswere not ‘free of butterflies'. Habitat quality, particularly the presence of host plants, was the mostimportant driver of butterfly community composition. Landscape composition and configuration alsoinfluenced butterfly diversity. Many species used more than one distinct habitat type, suggestingthat resource complementation and supplementation are important mechanisms of butterflydiversity persistence in pine plantation mosaics
Gratecap, Jean-Baptiste. "Agriculture biologique et qualité des eaux dans des aires d’alimentation de captage : diversité des postures techniques d’agriculteurs conventionnels et biologiques et pressions nitrate et pesticide induites". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGPT0059/document.
Texto completoMany problems with nitrate and pesticide contamination from agriculture exist in European drinking water catchments. In France, a new mitigation approach aims at preventing water quality degradation in explicitly targeting agricultural non-point source pollutions associated with leaching of nitrates and pesticides. This work aims at assessing the opportunity to develop organic farming in water catchment areas in order to reduce nitrate and pesticide leaching from root zone. The objective was to analyze both i) feasibility of conversions to organic farming on farms concerned by water preservation and ii) the potential impacts of these conversions in terms of nitrate and pesticide leaching reduction.To explore the potential contribution of organic farming in water catchment areas, we develop an innovative typology approach to characterize farmers’ conceptions and strategies related to cropping systems’ organization on the farm territory. Our method was tested in two French water catchment areas characterized by diversified production systems, where semi-structured interviews were carried out with conventional and organic farmers. Resulting typologies of farmers were used to assess leaching risks variability related with current cropping systems and to identify potential similarities between conventional and organic farmers’ conceptions. Nitrate and pesticide leaching risks for cropping systems were assessed and spatialized by using four agro-environmental indicators. Our results show major variations for all indicators at both study sites, for example N-surpluses which range from -105 to 192 kg N ha-1 year-1. These variations are deeply related with diversity of farmers’ conceptions summarized in typologies. To assess proximity of conventional farmers to organic farming, we used typologies to compare conceptions related to organization of cropping systems between conventional and organic farmers. By analyzing specificities of organic farmers’ conceptions, we determined three main criteria of proximity to organic farming; these criteria were then used to identify various degrees of proximity to organic farming among conventional farmers in the catchment areas.To assess potential contribution of organic farming to water preservation in catchment areas, we firstly compared nitrate leaching risks between conventional and organic cropping systems. Our results reveal low leaching risks from organic systems, characterized by reduced N-surpluses and lower bare soils frequencies in autumn. According to these results, massive development of organic farming should decrease nitrate leaching in our two water catchment areas. However, analysis of similarities between conventional and organic farmers’ conceptions shows that a majority of farmers are characterized by a low level of proximity to organic farming. Moreover, the farmers who show strongest similarities with organic farmers’ conceptions are already those with low leaching risks cropping systems. To significantly lower nitrate leaching risks, conversions should concern conventional farmers with low degree of proximity to organic farming
Ayour, Jamal. "Contribution à l'étude de la diversité génétique et recherche des paramètres physicochimiques et biochimiques indicateurs de la qualité au cours de la maturation des fruits d'abricots frais et après transformation". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0704.
Texto completoThe problematic of this thesis is based on the characterization of the quality of apricotsand their aptitude for industrial processing. Three main axes guided this study. The first oneconsisted initially of a global morphometric characterization of Moroccan apricot clonesmaintened in experimental station of INRA of Marrakech and followed by the analysis ofgenetic diversity. 92 accessions, from different geographical regions, were genotyped using21 microsatellite markers. Indeed, the analyzed collection was characterized by a highpolymorphism and a reduced genetic diversity. A total of 120 alleles were identified with anaverage of 5.71 alleles per locus. All the statistical evidence (hierarchical analysis, PCA andstructural analysis) show that the genetic structure of Moroccan apricot can be subdivided intotwo populations : a major population made up of most accessions of genetic groups (authenticpopulation linked in particular to the Delpatriarca variety) and a second less diversifiedpopulation related to all reference varieties, including the Canino variety. The observedvariability between the 92 genotypes could be an asset to improve the apricot cultivation andto allow a sustainable development in the space and the time of the fruit by the selection ofnew genotypes of apricots. Finally, the observed genetic variability was used in the selectionof new apricot clones for phenotypic analysis. The second axis focused on the study ofbiochemical markers that allow to understand and evaluate the quality of selected apricots,namely : the change of organic acids and soluble sugars in relation to the sensory quality, thedevelopment of pigments and color change, the evolution of phenolic compounds in relationto antioxidant activity and loss of texture according to the cell wall biochemistry. Indeed,good physicochemical and biochemical properties have been reported for the ten chosenclones (Maximum values reported for some bioactif compounds : Vitamin C = 0.15 g / kg, β-carotene = 149.251 μg / kg, provitamin A = 0.028 mg / kg), as well as the qualitative traitsassociated with the maturation season and the genotype, is certainly a valuable genetic sourceto extend the apricot season and to supply stalls and industry. The third axis was on theimplication of the texture of the fruit in the industrial processing of apricot. We analyzed thevarietal ability of apricots for industrial processing by analyzing their textural propertiesbefore and after processing. And to better understand the variability of apricot texture, westudied the impact of heat treatment depending on the stage of fruit harvesting on a widerange of French cultivars. In the end, five apricots varieties were chosen as the mostappropriate for the industrial process
Tortajada, Sébastien. "De l'étude du fonctionnement des réseaux trophiques planctoniques des marais de Charente Maritime vers la recherche d'indicateurs". Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808599.
Texto completoPlassart, Pierre. "Pertinence des indicateurs microbiens dans l'évaluation de l'état des sols agricoles". Rouen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ROUES048.
Texto completoMost soils worlwide undergo modifications caused by human activities. For numerous agricultural soils, the intensive practices, as well as the chronical spreading of chemical inputs, lead to a decrease in these soils fertilkity. Yet, while these soils are in danger, only a few relevant soil status evaluation tools exist. The biological component has been neglected for a long time, though soil accomodates a high diversity level of organisms involved in biogeochemical cycles. Among these organisms, microorganisms are likely to be potential bioindicators of soil status. Thus, the aim of this work consists in identifying biological variables describing bacterial diversity that would be sensitive to soil status. Bacterial community structure (abundance, genetic and functionnal diversity) was assessed as a whole, but also through the analysis of Pseudomonas populations, a bacterial genus widely found in soils and sensitive to environmental disturbances. The experimental approach, from the field plot level to the microcosm level, consisted in the confrontation of the impacts of (1) soil copper contamination (agronomical dose x100), (2) natural disturbances (spatial and climatic), and (3) human caused disturbances (agricultural practices) on bacterial communities. The first part of this work was performed in situ on typical silty Haute-Normandie soils managed as grasslands and cultures, in order to define the natural spatial and temporal variation limits of different bacterial descriptors. Besides, this first part enabled the understanding each variable's sensitivity, and validated the different methodological approaches. Thus, the measured variables can be organized in two categories: those which rely on microorganisms cultivation would reflect recent soil disturbances, while those based on molecular approaches would reflect the agricultural history of field plots. In the second part, the impact of a copper contamination on the previously described variables was studied in microcosms. Results showed that variations in the bacterial community structure caused by a single copper contamination were minor, when compared with variations caused by season or agricultural practices. In the same time, a comparative analysis was performed between sieved soil and intact soil microcosms. This revealed that soil status can influence bacterial communities response to a copper contamination; indeed, soil physical disturbance (sieving) induced a transient response of bacterial communities to the copper contamination. This work lead to (1) building, for an agricultural silty soil, a microbiological reference system, which includes spatial and temporal fluctuations of the measured variables, (2) determining for each variable its sensitivity to natural and human impacts, and identifying the limits and complementarities of the cellular and molecular approaches, (3) organizing into a herarchy factors determining the genetic and functionnal sructure of bacterial communities, (4) validating the relevance of using the Pseudomonas genus in the evaluation of the impact of copper on soils
Gull, Ammar Ali. "Gender-diverse boards and financial statements quality : the role of female directors’ attributes". Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA2001/document.
Texto completoThis thesis proposes to study to what extent board gender diversity influence the quality of financial statements. Specifically, this thesis explores the relation between gender-diverse boards and financial statements quality by highlighting the value relevance of female directors‟ attributes for enhancing the quality of financial statements.This thesis focuses on a large sample of French firms belonging to the CAC-All shares index listed on Euronext Paris over the period 2001 to 2010. We find, after controlling for endogeneity and other board, firm and industry specific factors, that board gender diversityis positively associated with the quality of financial statements. Further, our findings provide evidence of significant influence of female directors‟ attributes on the relation between gender-diverse boards and financial statements quality. With regard to female directors‟ attributes, we find concrete evidence to suggest that audit committee memberships, financial expertise and experience of women have substantial impact on the quality of financial statements. Taken together, these results testify the effective monitoring skills of gender-diverse boards and the value relevance of female directors‟ attributes for ensuring the quality of financial statements. Finally, an important implication of thesis is that the decision to appoint women on corporate boards should be more based on their statutory and demographic attributes than blind implementation of gender quotas
Ranc, Nicolas. "Analyse du polymorphisme moléculaire de gènes de composantes de la qualité des fruits dans les ressources génétiques sauvages et cultivées de tomate : recherche d'associations gènes/QTL". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NSAM0001/document.
Texto completoIn Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), breeding for fruit quality is difficult due to the multiplicity and complexity of the traits. QTL mapping has allowed the genetic characterization of these traits. One of the challenges is now to identify the genes underlying these QTLs. Following this aim, we used linkage-disequilibrium (LD) mapping. To avoid hazardous associations between traits and polymorphisms, the genetic structure has to be taken into account for LD mapping. Cultivated tomato showed low genetic diversity reducing mapping resolution. Cherry type tomato genome is described to be admixture between cultivated tomato and its wild ancestor. Such admixture may increase resolution of association mapping. We used a core collection focused on cherry type accessions to validate a candidate gene for a fruit locule-number QTL. We found that two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were highly associated with the trait. These two SNP evolved differently from the rest of the chromosome 2. They underwent a balanced selection which testifies a selection for fruit morphology diversity by human. Association mapping, focused on whole chromosome 2, allowed us to assess the extent of linkage disequilibrium over genetic and physical distances. Associations of polymorphisms with phenotypes were detected with structured association methods. We thus showed efficiency of genome admixture to overcome the low-resolution limitation of association mapping for an inbred crop. We validated previously identified QTLs and found associations with new QTLs and new candidate genes. An evolutionary model including bottleneck and gene flow between wild and domesticated forms is also presented
Lepoittevin, Camille. "Génétique d’association chez le pin maritime (Pinus pinaster Ait.) pour la croissance et les composantes de la qualité du bois". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13923/document.
Texto completoDuring the last four decades, the optimization of silvicultural and tree breeding methods has contributed to improve growth and wood homogeneity of maritime pine. In order to provide the different actors of the forestry wood-chain with high quality raw material, the genetic determinism and chemical components of wood quality are being studied in the frame of a multidisciplinary research program. First, nine transcription factors putatively involved in wood formation have been sequenced in the Aquitaine population, and their nucleotide diversity pattern studied. Since these genes potentially play important roles in the adaptation of trees to their environment, their patterns have been compared to those expected under neutral evolution. Strong departures from neutrality were observed, with high levels of linkage disequilibrium and an excess of intermediate frequency variants for three of them (HDZ31, LIM2 and MYB1), which could be linked to population size changes that affected the whole genome, and to balancing selection effects at one of them (MYB1). Secondly, the genitors of the Aquitaine breeding population were genotyped for 384 markers and evaluated for growth and wood chemical properties. Significant associations were detected for two markers, one in a HD-Zip transcription factor (HDZ31) with growth, and the other in a gene coding for a fasciclin protein with cellulose content. The consistency of evolutionary and molecular genetics opens encouraging perspectives for understanding the genetic architecture of wood formation in this species. However, the low number of associations detected raises several theoretical and methodological issues which are discussed for the perspective of improving future experimental designs
Verine, Alexandre. "Quality and Diversity in Generative Models through the lens of f-divergences". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPSLD011.
Texto completoGenerative modeling have become an essential tool in machine learning for generating realistic samples from complex data distributions. Despite significant advancements in models such as Generative Adversarial Networks , Variational Autoencoders, Normalizing Flows, and Diffusion models, challenges persist in achieving a balance between sample quality and sample diversity. Precision and recall have emerged as crucial metrics for assessing the quality and diversity of generative models. Precision measures how many generated samples are coherent with the real data distribution, reflecting sample quality. Recall evaluates how many samples from the real data distribution can be generated, indicating sample diversity. This thesis addresses the fundamental problem of characterizing, tuning, and improving Precision and recall in generative models. The first major contribution of this work is the unification of precision and recall definitions within the framework of f-divergences. By expressing the most popular metrics and their derivatives as f-divergences, we establish a cohesive and comprehensive evaluation system for generative models. This theoretical formulation allows for a clearer understanding and more precise measurement of model performance in terms of quality and diversity. Building upon this theoretical foundation, the thesis introduces a novel method for estimating the f-divergence in a tractable manner, facilitating its use as an objective function in the training of generative models. This approach enables the optimization of a specific trade-off between precision and recall, addressing a critical gap in the current literature where models often fail to achieve an optimal balance due to computational constraints. Furthermore, the thesis proposes an optimal rejection sampling method that enhances both precision and recall. This method is shown to be optimal in terms of any f-divergence, providing a robust technique for refining the outputs of pre-trained generative models. The rejection sampling algorithm is designed to operate under limited computational budgets, making it practical for real-world applications. The experimental validation of the proposed methods is conducted on a variety of datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR-10, Fashion MNIST, CelebA, FFHQ, and ImageNet. Using both Normalizing Flows, Generative Adversarial Networks and Diffusion Models, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches in tuning the balance between quality and diversity of generated samples, and then in improving the quality. The results highlight the superiority of our methods compared to traditional metrics and existing techniques
Provencher, Jérémie y Jérémie Provencher. "La participation sociale en contexte de mixité sociale". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28279.
Texto completoLa présente étude traite des enjeux de la participation sociale liés au contexte de mixité sociale. L'objectif général est de décrire et de découvrir les facteurs et obstacles qui favorisent ou freinent la participation sociale des personnes vivant dans une habitation collective de mixité sociale. La stratégie de recherche est qualitative et l'étude de cas a été choisie pour tenir compte des concepts de participation sociale et de mixité sociale. Ainsi, la recherche a été réalisée auprès de l'organisme à but non lucratif (OBNL) Habitations Vivre Chez Soi. Les données du projet ont été recueillies auprès de huit personnes lors d'entrevues semi-dirigées, deux périodes d'observation participante ainsi que l'analyse de vingt documents écrits. Le portrait ainsi obtenu de la participation sociale a démontré que les facteurs et les obstacles sont à la fois de l'ordre individuel, interpersonnel, organisationnel et environnemental. De plus, l'analyse des résultats indique que certaines caractéristiques propres au phénomène de la mixité sociale ont un impact sur l'engagement des participants. À partir des constats empiriques mis en parallèle avec la théorie, le chercheur a identifié quelques pistes d'action pour les organisateurs communautaires ainsi que pour les décideurs qui gèrent ou aménagent un milieu d'habitation en mixité sociale afin de mobiliser et de maintenir la participation.
Paolo, Giuseppe. "Learning in Sparse Rewards setting through Quality Diversity algorithms". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS400.
Texto completoEmbodied agents, both natural and artificial, can learn to interact with the environment they are in through a process of trial and error. This process can be formalized through the Reinforcement Learning framework, in which the agent performs an action in the environment and observes its outcome through an observation and a reward signal. It is the reward signal that tells the agent how good the performed action is with respect to the task. This means that the more often a reward is given, the easier it is to improve on the current solution. When this is not the case, and the reward is given sparingly, the agent finds itself in a situation of sparse rewards. This requires a big focus on exploration, that is on testing different things, in order to discover which action, or set of actions leads to the reward. RL agents usually struggle with this. Exploration is the focus of Quality-Diversity methods, a family of evolutionary algorithms that searches for a set of policies whose behaviors are as different as possible, while also improving on their performances. In this thesis, we approach the problem of sparse rewards with these algorithms, and in particular with Novelty Search. This is a method that, contrary to many other Quality-Diversity approaches, does not improve on the performances of the discovered rewards, but only on their diversity. Thanks to this it can quickly explore the whole space of possible policies behaviors. The first part of the thesis focuses on autonomously learning a representation of the search space in which the algorithm evaluates the discovered policies. In this regard, we propose the Task Agnostic eXploration of Outcome spaces through Novelty and Surprise (TAXONS) algorithm. This method learns a low-dimensional representation of the search space in situations in which it is not easy to hand-design said representation. TAXONS has proven effective in three different environments but still requires information on when to capture the observation used to learn the search space. This limitation is addressed by performing a study on multiple ways to encode into the search space information about the whole trajectory of observations generated during a policy evaluation. Among the studied methods, we analyze in particular the mathematical transform called signature and its relevance to build trajectory-level representations. The manuscript continues with the study of a complementary problem to the one addressed by TAXONS: how to focus on the most interesting parts of the search space. Novelty Search is limited by the fact that all information about any reward discovered during the exploration process is ignored. In our second contribution, we introduce the Sparse Reward Exploration via Novelty Search and Emitters (SERENE) algorithm. This method separates the exploration of the search space from the exploitation of the reward through a two-alternating-steps approach. The exploration is performed through Novelty Search, but whenever a reward is discovered, it is exploited by instances of reward-based methods - called emitters - that perform local optimization of the reward. Experiments on different environments show how SERENE can quickly obtain high rewarding solutions without hindering the exploration performances of the method. In our third and final contribution, we combine the two ideas presented with TAXONS and SERENE into a single approach: SERENE augmented TAXONS (STAX). This algorithm can autonomously learn a low-dimensional representation of the search space while quickly optimizing any discovered reward through emitters. Experiments conducted on various environments show how the method can i) learn a representation allowing the discovery of all rewards and ii) quickly [...]
El, Malki Redouane. "Architecture génétique des caractères cibles pour la culture du peuplier en taillis à courte rotation". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859626.
Texto completoGréard, Camille. "La détection des variants alléliques comme voie d'amélioration génétique des plantes fourragères : exemple de la luzerne". Thesis, Poitiers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019POIT2261.
Texto completoLucerne (Medicago sativa) is an autotetraploid forage legume, whose breeding could beneficiate from allele mining. This strategy is based on the natural diversity and consists in seeking alleles with a potential effect on the phenotype. The interest of this approach was evaluated by studying five genes of agronomic interest: CAD1 and CCoaOMT (digestibility), CONSTANS-like (forage yield), NHX1 (salt tolerance) and WXP1 (drought tolerance). The diversity of these five genes was evaluated by sequencing 387 genotypes of cultivated accessions and 20 genotypes of wild accessions. The results confirmed a bottleneck during lucerne domestication and selection. CONSTANS-like and WXP1 were very variable whereas CAD1, CCoaOMT and NHX1 contained very few variants. Variants with a potential strong impact on the phenotype were identified in conserved parts of protein sequence within the Faboideae. The impact on phenotype was studied for two mutations of the CONSTANS-like gene: constans-634, causing a premature stop codon and constans-4111, located in a conserved region of the gene. Genotypes carrying one to three doses of the mutations (AAAB, AABB and ABBB) were polycrossed in order to obtain offsprings with every allele combination (AAAA, AAAB, AABB, ABBB and BBBB). KASPar markers were developed to determine the mutation doses in offspring progeny. No homozygous genotype was found for constans-634 in the 1505 offspring progeny. This mutation induced a premature flowering of three days for the genotypes carrying three doses of the mutation. The mutation constans-4111 induced an additive effect on stem height and the homozygous genotypes without the variant where on average 11.8 cm shorter than homozygous genotypes carrying three or four doses of the variant. The application of allele mining strategy in plant schemes of heterozygous autotetraploid species was discussed
Mrad, Fida. "Décomposition de résidus de culture et de matériaux biosourcés : impact sur les communautés microbiennes des sols agricoles et les fonctions associées". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR109/document.
Texto completoWaste management is a major problem worldwide. In agriculture, the return of crop residues to the soil is a common practice and represents an interesting opportunity to maintain soil fertility and / or to store carbon. The decomposition of plant materials in soils is influenced by several factors (such as microbial composition, plant material’s nature and quality), and soil microorganisms are its main actors. Moreover, other ways of valorization of non-harvested plant materials are possible, such as their transformation for non-food applications. In the building industry, the interest in using biobased materials (for thermal insulation) is growing and encouraged by the public authorities in construction or renovation projects. However, to our knowledge, the issue of management of these materials end-of-life is not yet addressed, after deconstructing the buildings. In order to better understand different crop residues (wheat straw, rapeseed straw and sunflower stems) decomposition in agricultural soils, we have combined different biochemical / physicochemical characterizations such as biochemical fractionation, thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy, with microbial dynamics monitoring (abundance, diversity, function), supplemented by carbon and nitrogen mineralization measures during 3 months incubation in microcosms. Crop residues mineralization is mainly governed by initially different microbiodiversities (derived from permanent grassland or conventional cropping system), and to a lesser extent by their biochemical quality. However, microbial dynamics are influenced by both, types of soils and nature of inputs. As for the sunflower stem coproducts (pith and bark), C mineralization is mainly dictated by their initial quality. Concerning the manufacturing process of a sunflower pith biobased material, it seems to favor its mineralization in soil. The return of this type of material to soil could thus constitute an interesting means of managing its end-of-life
Groga, Noël. "Structure, fonctionnement et dynamique du phytoplancton dans le lac de Taabo (Côte d'Ivoire)". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/6981/1/Groga.pdf.
Texto completoGaier, Adam. "Accelerating Evolutionary Design Exploration with Predictive and Generative Models". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0087.
Texto completoOptimization plays an essential role in industrial design, but is not limited to minimization of a simple function, such as cost or strength. These tools are also used in conceptual phases, to better understand what is possible. To support this exploration we focus on Quality Diversity (QD) algorithms, which produce sets of varied, high performing solutions. These techniques often require the evaluation of millions of solutions -- making them impractical in design cases. In this thesis we propose methods to radically improve the data-efficiency of QD with machine learning, enabling its application to design. In our first contribution, we develop a method of modeling the performance of evolved neural networks used for control and design. The structures of these networks grow and change, making them difficult to model -- but with a new method we are able to estimate their performance based on their heredity, improving data-efficiency by several times. In our second contribution we combine model-based optimization with MAP-Elites, a QD algorithm. A model of performance is created from known designs, and MAP-Elites creates a new set of designs using this approximation. A subset of these designs are the evaluated to improve the model, and the process repeats. We show that this approach improves the efficiency of MAP-Elites by orders of magnitude. Our third contribution integrates generative models into MAP-Elites to learn domain specific encodings. A variational autoencoder is trained on the solutions produced by MAP-Elites, capturing the common “recipe” for high performance. This learned encoding can then be reused by other algorithms for rapid optimization, including MAP-Elites. Throughout this thesis, though the focus of our vision is design, we examine applications in other fields, such as robotics. These advances are not exclusive to design, but serve as foundational work on the integration of QD and machine learning
Zhong, Jacques. "Prise en compte de la variabilité de morphologie de l’opérateur dans des tâches de montage simulées en réalité virtuelle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0080.
Texto completoIn industry, musculoskeletal disorders are a major health issue affecting the well-being and the productivity of workers. An ergonomist aims at identifying risk factors in order to implement corrective measures that improve working conditions. Among those risk factors, the morphology of a worker has a decisive impact on the development of musculoskeletal disorders, and must be taken into account during ergonomic assessment. In this context, the objective of the thesis is to develop tools to account for the morphology of workers when designing workstation activities. In particular, virtual human simulation tools are commonly used to reduce prototyping costs by detecting design flaws as early as possible. Simulations can model different humans and their behaviors and can quickly provide comprehensive and quantitative risk analysis. However, a simulation tool must model physical phenomenon precisely enough for the results to be interpretable. In particular, the generated postures and movements must be adapted to the activity and the human morphology. Moreover, such a tool needs to be accessible to non-specialist users with minimal learning time. An emerging approach in ergonomics used in this work consists in simulating humans in a physics simulation using a whole-body controller. This approach is able to generate dynamically-consistent motions and efforts in real-time. Moreover, the approach is generic and can be applied to different human morphologies and workstation scenarios. In a first contribution, the problem of puppeteering a physics-based virtual human is studied. The simulation enforces physical constraints, making it more difficult to puppeteer the virtual human. To address this issue, we develop a virtual reality interface, with the user immersed in the virtual workstation of the worker. With this approach, the user is able to interact more naturally with virtual humans of different morphologies, and more easily visualize the postures and internal efforts involved. In a second contribution, the problem of generating morphology-specific behaviors for a large population of humans is studied. We propose an approach utilizing a multi-task black-box algorithm based on quality-diversity optimization, to efficiently optimize the parameterization of whole-body controllers for the studied population. On a screw driving scenario, the approach generates unique behaviors for each morphology, optimized in terms of performance and ergonomics. In addition, the approach produces a suitability map that gives a global visualization of whether or not a workstation is suitable for the target population.The presented approaches open up new ideas to explore, such as directly optimizing workstations based on the human morphology, or studying morphology-related behavioral variability
Javed, Fahim. "Auditor Gender and Audit Quality in a Joint Audit Setting". Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://cyberdoc-int.univ-lemans.fr/Theses/2020/2020LEMA2003.pdf.
Texto completoIn the context of rapidly increasing interest of regulators, legislators and academic research in the identity of audit engagement partners, this dissertation explores French mandatory joint audit environment where firms preparing consolidated financial statements are jointly audited by two independent audit firms. The composition of joint audit partners may include same gender audit partners (two male, two female) or gender-diverse audit partners (one male and one female). This dissertation aims to examine whether gender-diverse audit partners provide higher audit quality compared with same gender audit partners. We argue that gender-diverse engagement partners are more likely to promote effective monitoring and collaborative behavior with regard to audit process and may positively influence audit quality. We investigate the issue of audit quality by examining input- and output-based measures, namely, audit fees and discretionary accruals. We use data on French listed firms and apply appropriate econometrical procedures to alleviate concerns about endogeneity issues. The empirical findings show that gender-diverse audit partners charge 11% audit fee premium and their clients exhibit lower levels of absolute and signed discretionary accruals. Collectively, we provide considerable evidence that gender-diverse audit partners produce higher-quality audits. In the aftermath of gender quota legislation, the current dissertation also examines whether gender profile of audit clients affect the selection/assignment of gender-diverse audit partners. Contrary to the gender similarity (homophily) argument—based on comprehensive analyses of client-partner gender alignments—we provide compelling evidence that that female directors appointed to monitoring positions on the board, compared to female inside directors, tend to select higher quality “auditor pairs” (i.e., gender-diverse engagement partners)
Pauzé, Elise. "La qualité de l’alimentation et l’accès alimentaire des ménages vulnérables habitant dans une zone d’intervention d’agriculture de santé publique en Haïti". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32432.
Texto completoAnne, Timothée. "L'optimisation multi-tâche et ses applications à la robotique : d'abord résoudre, ensuite généraliser". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0045.
Texto completoGranting artificial agents, such as robots, the capability to learn how to solve complex tasks and adapt is a central quest in artificial intelligence research. Today, reinforcement learning is favored, but it is neither straightforward to implement nor consistently effective. In this thesis, we explore an alternative policy learning concept divided into two stages: solving a set of sub-problems and generalization. More formally, the first stage reformulates the general problem into a multi-task problem to obtain a dataset of high-performing solutions. The second stage applies supervised learning to this dataset to train a general policy. We first evaluate the viability of this concept in learning fall avoidance reflexes with a real humanoid robot. It enables learning behaviors in simulation that prevent falling in more than 75% % of cases, and these behaviors are robust enough to function on the real robot. We then develop a multi-task multi-behavior quality-diversity algorithm, Multi-Task Multi-Behavior MAP-Elites, to improve the sample efficiency of the first resolution stage. We demonstrate its application in fall avoidance reflex learning, where it performs better than a deep reinforcement learning algorithm and also enables generalization to more realistic environments. Finally, we propose to go from a discrete resolution stage to a continuous resolution stage. To do so, we reformulate the multi-task black-box optimization problem as a parametric optimization problem and propose a method to solve it: Parametric-Task MAP-Elites. Parametric-Task MAP-Elites solves a new task at each iteration, asymptotically covering the task space. After consuming its evaluation budget, Parametric-Task MAP-Elites distills the solutions found into a policy to generalize to the entire continuous space. Multi-task optimization is an underexploited method that has demonstrated in this thesis its ability to solve some robotics problems more straightforwardly and effectively than deep reinforcement learning
Di, pasquale Garance. "Influence de l'alimentation pollinique sur la santé de l'abeille domestique, Apis mellifera L". Thesis, Avignon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AVIG0664/document.
Texto completoNutrition is the set of processes by which a living organism transforms food for its functions. Studying nutrition allows to understanding the relationship between food intake and health of the individual. All organs for extracting energy are the digestive system, which converts sugars into glucose, fats into fatty acids, and proteins into amino acids. The objective of this study is to determine the possible influence of pollen nutrition on the honeybee health, Apis mellifera L. To ensure that nutrition, the bee is subservient to floral resources. Of pollen collected from the flowering plants, the body draws fats (or lipids), vitamins and proteins. Access to these resources is variable in quality, quantity, and diversity depending on the time and the environment. Problems of mortality and weakening of colonies are observed for some twenty years, and one of the suspected causes is the lack of availability and low nutritional value of pollen resources in agricultural areas. We therefore tested under controlled conditions the effects of quantity, quality and diversity of pollen on nurse worker physiology and on their immunity, as well as their survival. Nutrition plays a vital role in the prevention of many diseases, the effects of pollen diet were determined in the presence or absence of a biotic stressor, Nosema ceranae, whose prevalence in the colonies is very high. It is an invasive microsporidia that develops in the intestine of its host, causing various sublethal and lethal effects. Since the nutritional value of a food depends on its composition but also its digestibility, a third part focuses on the possible influence of the stressor on bee ability digestion of the proteins provided by the pollen.Our results provide knowledge on the impact of pollen depletion that may undergo the colonies in an intensive agricultural landscape. Indeed, bees starved to roughly 60%, as can be observed between two cultures massive flowering undergo disturbances at individual level (disturbances of nurse worker physiological development, reduced survival), which may make them less efficient and more susceptible to stress from the environment. In addition, we demonstrated that the nutritional value of pollen influences the Nosema ceranae‘s bee tolerance. The pollen quality is determined by the total chemical composition (proteins, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, sugars, etc ...), not only by its content of essential amino acids or proteins. Our study also demonstrated the negative effect of a diet based on maize pollen on hypopharyngeal glands development, the vitellogenin gene expression, and the bee survival. In view of the high presence of this culture in intensive agriculture areas and high exploitation by foragers, our results are discussed in terms of their impact on the proposed settlements. In these environments, the diversity of pollen resources by providing pollen of quality compensates nutritional poverty of other pollens. In our conditions, we can observe the gain of power of a polyfloral pollen in Nosema infested bees. Agro-ecological measures working to regularize, in time, the pollen contributions to the colonies, and to provide them with food diversity thus participate in building their capacity to fight against stress in the environment
Receveur, Aurore. "Ecologie spatiale du micronecton : distribution, diversité et importance dans la structuration de l'écosystème pélagique du Pacifique sud-ouest". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0401.
Texto completoThe New Caledonian pelagic ecosystem in the southwest Pacific contains a high diversity of predators, such as seabirds and cetaceans. The recent creation of the Natural Park of the Coral Sea created a need for solid information on the functioning of this remarkable ecosystem, particularly on the dynamics of the micronecton (organisms between 1 and 20 cm constituting food of top predators) and its central role in food webs, especially since is the most poorly understood. In this context, this PhD showed a strong influence of environment on its spatial and seasonal distribution with on average more micronekton in the south than in the north, and more in winter than in summer. The species composing the micronecton are riche in crustaceans in the north and in cephalopods and fish in the south. The micronecton abundance would tend to decrease under the influence of climate change. Finally, we showed that the spatial distribution of this group influenced the presence of six groups of predators: yellowfin tuna, albacore tuna, dolphin, dolphin, shearwater and red-footed body
Liu, Yang. "L'influence de la méiofaune sur le fonctionnement du biofilm lotique en relation avec la qualité de l'eau". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30197/document.
Texto completoThe role of meiofauna on the functioning of riverine biofilms was examined by studying their potential effect on nitrogen consumption capacity of biofilms in four experiments (Chapters 2 and 3: epilithic phototrophic biofilms; Chapters 4 and 5: heterotrophic biofilms of hyporheic zone). Biofilms are subjected to (1) different levels of densities (meiofauna) and nutrient enrichment or (2) different levels of diversity (biofilm/meiofauna/macrofauna). A part of the microcosms of each level of diversity was exposed to the effect of an herbicide, diuron. Overall, biofilm-associated meiofauna in microcosms was dominated by rotifers. Results in phototrophic biofilms showed that the response of rotifers to short-term nutrient enrichment was significant increases in their density and biomass. In addition, N-NO3 uptake rates appeared significantly higher in microcosms with highest meiofauna densities. This positive effect of meiofauna on biofilm N-NO3 uptake was also found in hyporheic biofilm microcosms, but not under the effect of diuron. Therefore, this thesis highlights that meiofauna can have a significant role in nitrogen consumption processes by lotic biofilms. In addition, the results strongly suggest that invertebrates interact with microorganisms involved in the reduction processes of nitrogen concentrations in the phototrophic biofilm as well as the hyporheic biofilm. Finally, the herbicide exposure resulted in a significant modification of N-NO3 uptake rate in hyporheic microcosms. However, the comparison of the average N- NO3 uptake rate between treatments exposed to herbicide and those unexposed, showed that the presence of invertebrates (meiofauna + macrofauna) significantly reduced the effect of diuron on these processes. This study highlights the potentially important role of microorganism-invertebrate interactions (1) in the nitrogen cycle of biofilms and thus functions related to their contribution to the "self-purification" process in streams, and (2) in resilient capacity of the hyporheic ecosystem to chemical perturbations
Sausse, Christophe. "L'assolement influence-t-il la qualité des paysages agricoles pour les oiseaux nicheurs ? Estimations à partir de bases de données nationales". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLA009.
Texto completoThe management of crop mosaic could improve the quality of agricultural landscapes for birds, and more generally for biodiversity. Knowledge is available at the field (crop suitability) and national scales (trend analysis), but few at the landscape scale. We therefore linked the French Breeding Bird Survey on about 500 landscapes of 400 hectares, with a high-resolution multi-years land use database. Response models linking birds to crop mosaics were set, based on the variations between separate landscapes (synchronic models), and the variations of landscapes from one year to the other (diachronic models). We found that the information on crop suitability did not allow for prediction at the landscape scale and that the synchronic responses were stronger than diachronic ones, sometimes opposite. We deduced a disjunction between the landscape quality for birds and the immediate effect of its attractiveness under crop influence. Synchronic responses were modest, and varied with the landscape and geographical contexts. They were more pronounced in complex landscapes with grass and hedges, and for farmland birds compared to the whole bird community. We found that the responses to crop diversity were positive or neutral. The interest of the models taking into account explicitly the interactions between crops allows us to suggest that the crop suitability is not invariable but depends on the crop combination. The signals detected by this study were low and should be interpreted as trends that do not allow advice in specific situations. However, the results challenge some simple models used to perform biodiversity assessments on territories or agri-food and feed chains
Chanteloup, Pierre. "Patrons d'organisation des traits aériens et racinaires en prairies humides : liens avec la production primaire (quantité et qualité)". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861449.
Texto completoDjossinou, Diane. "Alimentation et nutrition des femmes avant et pendant la grossesse au Sud-Bénin : qualité et facteurs d'influence". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG060.
Texto completoDietary pattern is an important and modifiable lifestyle that can influence individual health and well-being. For women, it is one of the main determinants of her nutritional statut, of embryo and fetal development. It is essential that women have a quality diet in order to reduce the prevalence of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, before conception and throughout pregnancy. This is important and worrying, because it’s now a consensus that maternal nutrition influences the health of the child not only in the short term but also in the long term. In developing countries, studies are increasingly focusing on the assessment of the quality of the diet and the nutritional status of women during pregnancy, but very few follow up them from preconception to delivery.The present study, which has recruited 897 women before pregnancy, of whom 234 have been followed up to delivery, had aimed to assess the quality of the diet and the changes in women's diets before and during pregnancy. This assessment was made through the study of dietary diversity and the level of coverage of nutrient requirements in Abomey-Calavi and Sô-Ava dostricts in southern Benin. Dietary diversity score and his influencing factors, the energy and nutrient intakes, and the level of satisfaction of the recommended dietary allowences were compared before and during pregnancy.At inclusion, women entered in the first phase of follow up called "primary cohort" and once they were pregnant, they were considered to second phase called "secondary cohort". Women were included after a negative pregnancy test. They were received a 24-hours recall questionnaire at baseline and one at each trimester of pregnancy. Womens’ dietary diversity scores (WDDS) were calculated using the 10 food groups defined by FAO. Food composition table compiled, recipe table elaborated and a recipe catalog (with average quantification of each ingredient) allowed to determine their nutritional intakes in Benin. In addition to energy and macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids), a total of 8 minerals (iron, calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and copper) and 10 vitamins (C, D, E, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9 and B12) were explored. Mixed-effect linear and logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis.The results showed that at preconception the mean WDDS was low (4.3±1.1 food groups) and the diet was mainly composed of cereals, oils, vegetables, and fish. This mean WDDS did not change during pregnancy and was equally low at all trimesters. Parity and household wealth index were positively associated with the WDDS before and during pregnancy. Women had lower intakes of vitamins D, B1, B3, B9 and B12 during pregnancy compare to preconceptional period (p<0.05). More than 50% of women had adequate vitamin intake only for vitamin D and B12. The lowest proportions (less than 10%) were observed for vitamin B1, B2, B3, B5 and B9. The median intake of magnesium, vitamin C, D and B12 achieved the RDA before pregnancy, because of large consumption of peanut, fermented seed of nere, of potatoes, chilli peper, pineapple, citrus fruits and mangos, of fish species rich in vitamin D such as catfish or salomon, of horse mackerel, crab and oysters. Higher than 50% of women were reached RDA for macronutrients, sodium, vitamin D and B12 before pregnancy. But during pregnancy, lower than 50% were cover recommended intake excepted for carbohydrate sodium and vitamin B12. Additional qualitative researches on determinants of women's food consumption before and during pregnancy in Benin are necessary. Actions should be carried out to provide Benin with a national food and recipes composition table. Women should be informed on the importance of nutrients and the food sources of these nutrients
Sylvestre, Julie. "L'efficacité du leadership authentique sur la qualité de la relation leader-membre dans un contexte de diversité culturelle". Mémoire, 2010. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2987/1/M11327.pdf.
Texto completoRenouf, Vincent. "Description et caractérisation de la diversité microbienne durant l'élaboration du vin : Interactions et équilibres – Relation avec la qualité du Vin". Phd thesis, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7490/1/renouf1.pdf.
Texto completoPonce, Martínez Xochitl. "Qualité nutritionnelle de l'alimentation en fonction du niveau socio-économique : étude chez des hommes de Oaxaca, Mexique". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17211.
Texto completoSebai, Ines. "Sécurité alimentaire et diversité alimentaire des ménages en Haïti". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21594.
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