Tesis sobre el tema "Qualité de l'enseignement – Liban"
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Basbous, Houda. "Leadership et qualité dans l'enseignement supérieur : cas du Liban". Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT1047.
Texto completoThis study is a reflexion on the Lebaneese economy which needs a lot of improovement to be developped. We have chosen the University Management because of his importance and succes in this respect. The role of the university in the studies, the evaluations, the informations transmitted and the developpement in technology which is needed for the social progress of the economy. The individual benefit is essential for the companies and affect positively in the higher technics of « enseignement ». The study is limited to a questioner transmitted for the university leaders in Lebanon with litterature support. We also made interviews with some strangers academics partners who were visiting Lebanon. The main question was about the concept of Leadership and the quality of course inside the university
Skaff, Danielle. "Innovation et réforme de l'enseignement supérieur au Liban". Thesis, Reims, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REIME002/document.
Texto completoThe evolution of the university's mission over the years has led many countries to undertake far-reaching reforms in their higher education system to further contribute to economic and social development.Thus, it seems inevitable to take interest in the university governance in Lebanon and its contribution to the enrichment of the business environment. Hence, the main question of our research: which relevant models of governance should Lebanese private universities adopt in order to improve professional integration?Knowing that there is only one public university in Lebanon, our methodology consisted in evaluating the current governance practices of two universities, one following a Francophone system, the other Anglophone, benchmarking, conducting surveys and interviews in order to identify the best practices in governance that could contribute to the improvement of the employability.Our results show that even though universities with the Anglophone system appear to perform better than the francophone ones, however, all Lebanese universities are characterized by significant weaknesses in terms of governance arrangements.In conclusion, in a rather complex and unusual context, where politics, sectarianism and corruption reign, our study shows the inability to adopt only one adequate model of governance for all the Lebanese universities, but rather to propose a better practice of the mechanisms of governance. We have made recommendations to the concerned parties and expressed wishes to the government in order to achieve a better professional integration
Rached, Estelle. "Le devenir humain dans et pour l’incertitude : la qualité en éducation. Cas des établissements scolaires du second degré au Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0091.
Texto completoThis thesis explores education quality by introducing the concept of "a-quality," akin to the model of "a-synthesis" (Perez, 2008). The prefix "a" is suspensive, inviting us to explore educational quality by examining it at the level of its theoretical constructs. A-quality is approached in its dual aspects of micro-attention and micro-violence in Lebanon, beset by severe crises. Our thesis aims to unveil the role of the human who interacts with others and with the environment, an overlooked aspect of quality and the sole defence against societal flux. The research question that guides this study is: What humanistic a-quality aspects can define the blind spot of school quality to address the uncertainty of the Lebanese context? We hypothesize that humanistic a-quality focuses on the holistic development of educational actors, harnesses their distinctive capacities, and cultivates an eco-emergent institution to meet the challenges in an uncertain context. Our thesis employs a mixed-methods approach, following Creswell's (2014) sequential explanatory design, combining quantitative and qualitative data. The findings reveal that a-quality is perceived more in uncertain contexts by the absence of micro-violence rather than by the presence of micro-attentions. Faced with societal shifts, educational actors appear more attuned to micro-violence than micro-attention, as harmful practices leave often indelible marks on humans. Therefore, the evolving school embeds itself in its context, becoming eco-emergent, and capable of transforming obstacles into learning opportunities and growth. It empowers educational actors with life skills, mindful of their well-being within a benevolent otherness, valuing everyone’s uniqueness within a collective intelligence (De Ketele, 2020a) serving the common good and a non-uniform world (Mutuale, 2020)
Mouradian, Krikor Paul. "L'Enseignement des sciences de l'information et la formation des informateurs au Liban". Paris 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA020045.
Texto completoKhoury, Maguy. "Pédagogie de l'arabe dans l'enseignement primaire au Liban : approche théorique et pratique". Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA03A010.
Texto completoThis work aims to present the triple interactions existing between teaching, apprenticeship and linguistic and extra-linguistic environment, in the acquisition of the linguistic tool. By interaction we mean the reciprocal actions and influences which are exercised by the protagonists of the educational activity. So, this work aims to describe and explain the influences we previous ly mentionned. Also it tries to specify two kinds of phenomena: theaching's nature and its pedagogical, sociological and institutional implications in the mental process, which is developped by the subject when elaborating the language grammary. Our major preoccupation can be summerised as following: help-teachers to give a meaning to their daily experiences, then rationalize interactions between teachers and pupils; because "alimentation in energy" is still the best pedagogical way, specially for apprenticeship. In spite of criticisms, teaching remains the best way for learning; it is indispensable, specially when rationalized adequatelly wih apprenticeship. The reflexion is no more a kind of datas which we analis and understand, it's already a way to appropriate theorethical tools which must explain these datas and embrace the whole didactic area
Khacherian, Bogharian Keghouhie. "De l'enseignement à la pratique de la comptabilité : perspectives et prospective du microcosme libanais". Bordeaux 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR40066.
Texto completoDespite an increase in the demand for professional accountants in Lebanon, in recent years there has been a continuous decline in the number of high school graduates who have joined accounting programs. The present research is an attempt to identify the factors which have contributed to the observed decline based on information provided by three interested and yet distinct populations of repondents to specially designed questionnaires, namely university students, accounting faculty and practicing professionals. The research has revealed that all concerned parties are dissatisfied. Student dissatisfaction arises mainly from the perceived lengh of studies, comparative inequality in remuneration and limitation in promotion. Faculty are worried about the quality of students and the shortcomings of the programs, towards market demands and expectations, while practicing professionals are unhappy with the current situation in the profession, since recruits do not meet expectations. The research indicates that accounting programs need to be changed to satisfy student aspirations, faculty expectations and demands of professionals, which itself is a reflection of market and environment changes, and involves introduction of value-added programs, continuous updating of accounting instructors, while professionals should be keeping pace with technological developments
Sultan, Rima. "Recherches sur l'amélioration de l'expression orale en français chez les élèves de l'enseignement public libanais". Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H119.
Texto completoThis piece of research, which falls in three parts, is a descriptive analysis of the teaching of French as a second language in elementary and middle governmental schools in Lebanon. The first part of this study gives first a general historical background of the teaching of foreign language in Lebanon. Bilingualism is then dealt with showing that it exists only in schools and not as a general phenomenon. Furthermore, a critical description of the local schools books for the teaching of French is also conducted in this part. The second part is the study itself. The subjects are students whose age range between ten and fourteen years, that is, elementary and middle class students in Tripoli, Lebanon. Heaving session of students were recorded and analyzed through error and discourse analysis. Showing the common oral mistakes made by students. Error analysis showed the incompetence of oral expression which is mostly the expression of memorized sentences. Discourse analysis revealed that in the teacher-student interaction the teacher is more concerned with giving the subject than he is concerned with the needs, interests, competencies of the students, thus revealing the erroneous approach in a methodology for the teaching of French as a second language. Having reached then results, the study concludes that Lebanese students on whom the study was conducted are incapable of free oral expression and depend on memory for expression themselves. Remedies of this weakness are dealt with in the third part of the theses. The situation being as such, the third part of the study recommends some remedies for improving the oral expression of students one of which is the concept of using games in the classroom. The objective being motivation of the students, the concept of using games, suited to the needs of the students, arouses their interest, and consequently motivates them to express themselves in French, thus giving a new dimension and out look to the French language classes in Lebanese schools
Hammoud, Walid. "L'enseignement religieux au Liban et son influence sur le maintien de la cohabitation". Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES1010.
Texto completoThe main objective of this study is to provide quantitative or qualitative scientific data that focus on the quality of education practiced by religious education in Lebanon, to identify the strength and weakness that affect the religious education in the formation of the citizen who lives with the other under one roof to improve the teaching in order to maintain the coexistence between Lebanese people
Bazzi, Hassan. "Histoire de l'enseignement secondaire au Liban 1856-1970 : étude comparative des différents types d'établissments". Lille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL30004.
Texto completoThe studies accompanying this letter deal with a study of the history of secondary education in lebanon for 1856 up to 1970, that is a period of 114 years, extending over three eras :the ottoman era 1856-1920, the french era 1920-1943 and the independence era 1943-1970. Secondary education was divided into private secondary and public secondary. The former appeard before the latter in lebanon by means of missions which made known and oped to extend christian ideology (the franciscanskarmeleons - capucinians - jesuits - evangelicals. . . ) All of these established secondary schools which were considered the core of natio- nal secondary education in lebanon. The oldest secondary schools in lebanon are : ein-toura school and ein-warqa school and other them. The number of private secondary schools increased and these schools were both foreign and national so as to cover most the lebanese areas and especilly in the mount-lebanon region which was the major area of existance for lebanese christians. As for public(official)secondary education in lebanon it was weakly established and continued this way for both the ottoman and french eras, to an extent that the number of public secondary schools in
SELMAN, ABOUCHAKRA SOURIA. "Les barrieres socio-culturelles dans l'enseignement au liban. Cycle moyen 1943-1975". Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010514.
Texto completoMouradian, Krikor Paul. "L'Enseignement des sciences de l'information et la formation des informateurs au Liban". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599938d.
Texto completoKhoury, Maguy. "Pédagogie de l'arabe dans l'enseignement primaire au Liban approche théorique et pratique /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614736g.
Texto completoSelman-Abouchakra, Souria. "Les Barrières socio-culturelles dans l'enseignement au Liban cycle moyen, 1943-1975 /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376185257.
Texto completoBadran, Ilham. "L' enseignement de la géographie au Liban : analyse du nouveau curriculum et des manuels de l'enseignement secondaire". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT3006.
Texto completoIn a century during which geography witnessed tremendous changes, and as Lebanon is currently undergoing major transformations in the education system, a new curriculum is in use since 1997. This research is framed within the analysis of the curricular organization of general geography program teaching in Lebanon, as well as the objectives given to teaching this discipline at school. Studying the different aspects of planning the restructuring of the Lebanese education system, shows the existing articulation among geography programs and the objectives of educational policies for every period. The results of the study lead to proposition of needed changes in school teaching. They also explain the need for adequate training for schooling manuals' authors and geography teachers
Gilbert-Sleiman, Betty. "Unifier l'enseignement de l'histoire dans le Liban d'après-guerre : conditions et limites de l'élaboration de la nouvelle politique publique du manuel scolaire d'histoire : 1989-2001". Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32088.
Texto completoFrom 1991 and on the basis of the peace agreement of 1989, Lebanese authorities launched a reform to unify the history textbook. This work deals with the question of the conditions of state intervention and collective action in a post-war context. We focus on the micro level by determining the professional and social paths of protagonists hired for this public policy, by analysing the nature of their interactions within the reform and their relationship with the "outside". Based on a sequential development, the thesis seeks to identify the different steps of decision and to identify the adjustments of public policy. The sociology of public policy attempts to identify the cognitive frameworks within which different actors put their action. We will show the limits of state intervention when the hierarchy of priorities led to the submission of information to power and to reduce the bureaucracy in a purely instrumental and functional role
Abou, Kassm Leina. "La politique de l'enseignement supérieur public au Liban et la gouvernance de l'Université libanaise, 1991-2007". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05H097.
Texto completoIn the early twenty-first century, new forces change existing balances; they are called technological advances and globalization of markets. The public university, with its missions of training, information, research and innovation has to react to these changes; how to react? The public higher education in Lebanon is expected to meet the needs of students and society. During the last thirty years, the Lebanese University, the only public university, has suffered the consequences of war on a socio-economically and politically plan. It endures from a strong centralization of the powers of decisions which paralyses it during the periods of conflicts. How can the autonomous policy and governance of UL promote the realization of essential economic and social objectives? We made an appraisal across a diagnosis of different problems within UL and proposals based on good practices in the public universities in different countries of the world, around three axes: the academical organization, administrative management and financial policy. Our hypotheses are generally validated by an analysis supported by not structured meetings and a participant observation of ten years. The answers: a national policy, supported by a self-governance of the UL, autonomous recruitment of teachers, researchers and administrative staff, definition of training and course content, evaluation and internal control by peers. Autonomous practices based on a financing according to performances, a plan of establishment and a contract of objectives
Ismaïl, Abou-Hamdan Hanadi. "Communautés de diatomées épilithiques et de macrophytes de cours d'eau soumis à des multiples perturbations d'une plaine aride libanaise : évaluation comparative de la qualité de l'eau à l'aide des indices (SEQ-Eau, I.B.D., I.P.S., I.B.M.R.)". Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30031.
Texto completoThis is the first ecological study focusing on the diatomic and macrophytic communities in rivers of an arid plain of the Eastern Mediterranean (Lebanon) subjected to different type of disturbances (natural and anthropic). Diatoms and macrophyte inventories of the species were draw up. The specific richness of the diatomic communities is stronger than the macrophytes. The responses of the communities to the disturbances were analyzed. The results show that they are dependent on the nature and the intensity of the disturbances which act on the specific richness and the structure of these communities. The analysis carried out according to the environmental descriptors and of the space-time variation allowed the description of new specific ecological features. The water quality was calculated by various indices used in France (SEQ-Eau, IPS, IBD, IBMR) and the different values discussed
Daher, Franceline. "L'Enseignement de la langue française au Liban : analyse critique des nouveaux programmes du secondaire". Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20017.
Texto completoThe principal objective of our thesis was a analyse and a critic of the new programmes (curriculum 1997) in Lebanon and especially the French programme in the secondary. .
Bazzi, Hassan. "Histoire de l'enseignement secondaire au Liban, 1856-1970 étude comparative des différents types d'établissements /". Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611574r.
Texto completoTabchoury, Patrick. "La mise en oeuvre du changement par l'introduction de la démarche socio-économique dans les hôpitaux privés au Liban". Lyon 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO33004.
Texto completoThe notion of reforms in the hospital system is now considered the main preoccupation of the health system. From this notion, our gait consists in understanding why Lebanese private hospitals have interest to introduce a managerial change, what are their strategic practices and what tools of management to use. It seams necessary to use the tools of the socioeconomic analysis witch improve the performance of these establishments and their capacity to reconcile the steps of quality and reduction of costs. After having positioned these organizations and identified their particularities, the thesis identifies their dysfunctions. It puts in evidence threatens that discern these organizations, the effect of the type of the emotional management that governs, and the awareness of the necessity of the change
Abdul-Reda, Suzanne. "L'évolution socio-éducative de l'enseignement primaire public au Liban dans ses corrélations avec la conjoncture globale depuis le règne ottoman jusqu'en 1995". Lyon 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO20055.
Texto completoThis work studies the correlations between the educational and sociocultural evolution of the public elementary education and the multi-dimensional configurations of the Lebanese society. Its chronological field extends from the epoch where public schools were created in the Lebanese provinces at the end of the nineteenth century until the year 1995, drafting's date of this document. The analysis of the legislative actions, of the administrative organisation and of the scholastic teaching methods during this period has revealed that the elementary public school has always suffered from pedagogic lacunas, which has generated a mediocre output at a large part of ints pupils, who are in majority issued from disfavoured societies. Therefore, this educative institution has perpetuated some socioeconomical and regional inequalities in Lebanon. As well, it hasn't represented a ground enough propicious to feed the inter-communitar tolerance and solidarity in the young generations, and hasn't done its best in conformity with a lucid politico-cultural program in order to anchor a credible image of a strong state which integrates the communities. Meanwhile, it has helped to raise the sociocultural level of the disadvantaged populations and to stimulate the demand on education in the country. Therefore, we have deducted that the deficiency of the public educational system is above all linked with the sociopolitical structures and conceptions prevailing in the country, which make that the communitar confessionnal private interest outrun the interests of the state-nation, and that the central authority is as a corespondent and a hostage to the pressure groups and not the warrantor of the chances equality and of the democracy. In spite of the educational redressing projects recently set out, the scholastic realities haven't seriously been promoted. A real educational reform wouldn't be accomplished unless in parallal with a general sociopolitical mutation toward more humanism and respect of the individual's rights
Leclercq, François. "Qualité de l'enseignement et demande d'éducation élémentaire en Inde du Nord rurale". Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010011.
Texto completoBedos, Elsa. "L'enjeu de la qualité dans l'enseignement supérieur saoudien : l'instrumentation de l'action publique". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0029.
Texto completoSaudi higher education has undergone major changes since the 2000s. They led in particular to the creation of a new public institution: the National Commission for Academic Assessment and Accreditation. This reform came after Saudi Arabian higher education was defined as a public problem, following the attacks of September 11, 2001.The public action developed by this institution was built from the appropriation of notions and tools borrowed from outside Saudi Arabia, including "learning outcomes". This international appeal has led to a strengthening of the proximity of Saudi higher education with the hegemonic world (United States and Europe). The analysis of the introduction of this reform in a university - Alpha Uni - shows the impact of this public policy on this organization : the tensions and opportunities that are created, the redistribution of power between certain actors, the reorganization of certain professional relationships . This analysis provides an insight into the intricacy of instrumental reform, the process of bureaucratization and the modalities of government. The Saudi Arabian higher education reform through evaluation and accreditation sheds light on the implementation of New Public Management (NPM) in a country where this doctrine has not been developed.In a government in which forms of political and moral control are being implemented, the diffusion of the NPM, by developing a formal control over the faculty through the proliferation of writings and procedures, has contributed to loosening political control
Mekdessi, Sélim. "La relation entre le management socio-économique et la certification ISO, dans le secteur bancaire libanais". Lyon 3, 2006. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2006_in_elmekdessi_s.pdf.
Texto completoJammal, Khalil Al. "Essai de sociologie politique de l'administration de l'éducation : le cas de l'enseignement général public au Liban". Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2002/al-jammal_k.
Texto completoMalak, Youssef. "L'enseignement de la langue et de la civilisation françaises au Liban : propositions d'outils pédagogiques audiovisuels pour la formation des maîtres". Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21012.
Texto completoThe analysis which we had accomplished in the teaching status in Lebanon permitted us to see a certain number of shortcomings which scholastic institutions go through. In fact, since the civil war, teaching in Lebanon has undergone a certain crises mainly in the teaching of the French language. Preoccupied by the scholastic outcome and the efficacy of teachers, the goal of our study is to help those teachers in general - and language teachers in particular - by giving some methods so as to help surmount the teaching crises. To realize this, we have undertaken a series of fieldwork and interviews with teachers, students and parents, in order to find out the most adapted ways which can satisfy the ones and the others. Through our fieldwork, therefore, we have brought into concrete existence a televisual document whose objective is to bring toward perfection the oral comprehension and expression aspects of the French language with the Lebanese public concerned. This document comprises two video cassettes and a workbook. The first cassettes contain video sketches conceived, along with the workbook, so as to train students on oral comprehension and expression, and to trigger up their cultural sensibility through the interpretation of the televisual message. As far as the second video cassette is concerned, the contents of which illustrate the use of such televisual methods in the teaching of the French language. It is also a documentary concerning the way teachers would give their lessons by using pedagogical - audio visual means (in other words, the use of video materials) which illustrate how to use activities. Finally, the present work gives teachers necessary steps of how to use other technological means in teaching, such as cassette-recorders, slides, transparencies, and CD-ROMs
El-Soufi, Aïda. "Usages et effets des TIC dans l'enseignement-apprentissage du français langue seconde : Un exemple au Liban". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625218.
Texto completoJammal, Khalil Al Gautherin Jacqueline Amine Adnan El. "Essai de sociologie politique de l'administration de l'éducation le cas de l'enseignement général public au Liban /". Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2002. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/al-jammal_k.
Texto completoThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.
Maalouf, Maguy. "Socialisation et espace pluridimensionnel d'interactions : habitat et cadre de vie des enfants du Liban". Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/maalouf_m.
Texto completoAbdallah, Charbel. "Evaluation des émissions et de la modélisation de la qualité de l'air sur Beyrouth et le Liban". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1080.
Texto completoBecause of health and environmental problems related to air pollution in Lebanon, the number of studies investigating this matter has increased over the years to ensure a proper understanding of the situation, including measurements of air quality, studies on pollutant emissions and modeling of atmospheric concentrations using the chemistry transport model (CTM) WRF/Polyphemus. To model air quality in Lebanon, previous studies have identified several difficulties including: an overestimation of ozone concentrations by a factor of 2 in the modeling results of WRF/Polyphemus during summer 2012, a local VOC emission profile from road transport that is different from those found in developed countries. Consequently, the objectives of this thesis are: to improve the performance of Polyphemus over Lebanon by improving the boundary conditions of the simulation of, to evaluate the model for the year 2014 using new observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network, to measure emission factors from road transport in a tunnel in Beirut and compare those data to those observed in developed countries. To improve the performance of the CTM over Lebanon, this thesis compares the concentrations simulated with two different emission inventories and with different methods of estimating boundary conditions. For emissions, two inventories are compared: one that was recently set up specifically for Lebanon, and a global inventory, called EDGAR-HTAP, which combines measured emissions for developed countries and modelled emissions for the remaining countries Even though EDGAR-HTAP is commonly used in global air-quality models, significant differences in the estimation and the spatial distribution of the emissions are identified compared to the inventory specifically developed for Lebanon. In the simulations of the previous studies over Lebanon, boundary conditions were estimated using global simulations from the model MOZART-4. A regional domain over Middle East is introduced into the modeling chain to cushion the change in the horizontal resolution between the global model (≥ 1°) and the Lebanon domain (0.055°). The results from this change showed a significant improvement in the model performance over Lebanon, especially for ozone. This new modeling configuration (nested domains, Middle East and Lebanon is then used to model the year 2014 and it is evaluated using the observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network. For air-quality pollutants, the model performance is satisfactory, as using published criteria. However, weather modeling (Wind speed and Direction) should be improved, and we should take into account the impact on emissions of the demographic changes between the year for which inventory was designed (2011) and the modeled year (2014) due to the population displacement induced by the Syrian war.Concerning emission factors (EF) of road transport, we performed a measurement campaign at the Salim Slam tunnel in Beirut in 2014. The emission factors for the different pollutants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, VOC) were measured for the average traffic. Compared to other studies, the local EF are higher than those measured in developed countries even though they tend to be reduced, as a result of the changes in the fleet characteristics, compared to the values measured back in 2000
Assaf, Khoury Carméline. "Didactique du français langue étrangère/seconde : pour un renouveau méthodologique de l'enseignement/apprentissage du français au Liban". Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21025.
Texto completoIn an attempt to improve the teaching of french in Lebanon, we have tried to analyse the situation of the french language in our country (the origins of the relationship between the lebanese people and the french language, the teaching of this language in Lebanon, the definition of its status) and to carry out an enquiry with the teachers of french to study the conformity of their pedagogical practices to the status of the french language. We refer to the didactics of french as a foreign / secondary language and propose suggestions for a methodological renewal of the teaching of each of the four aptitudes, of the evaluation of the pupils and of teacher training
El, Balaa Rodrigue. "Durabilité de la filière laitière des petits ruminants au Liban : analyse et signe de qualité label "Baladi"". Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL076N/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to evaluate the sustainability of dairy small ruminant supply chain in Lebanon and to identify its weaknesses in order to suggest solutions guaranteeing its durability. The results relevant to a survey covering 129 breeders (Srour, 2006) and to three other surveys covering 15 processors, 83 distributors and 250 consumers were combined in 12 parameters representing the three facets of sustainability (environmental, social and economical). The results were used to design a labelling scheme containing solutions to sustainability problems; the latter was then validated with 16 breeders, 15 processors, 17 distributors, and 20 consumers. The breeders are responsible for the most important environmental impact of the supply chain and suffer from a high economical fragility. The processors are characterized with a shortage of investment and waste treatment policy but present the best social conditions to their employees and hold the best added value performance despite a weak growth rate. At the distributors’ level, groceries are in regression, facing large retailers in full expansion and offering better social conditions to their employees. The consumers ignore the sustainability concept and base their trust on the salesmen in buying traditional products. The application of the labelling scheme is supported by its originality, the absence of similar products and the geographical situation, but it has to take into consideration the receptiveness of the market (local and foreign) and the absence of specialized infrastructure
Coulibaly, Zouanso. "L'évolution de l'enseignement et de la formation des enseignants du primaire au Burkina Faso (1903-1935) : La qualité de l'enseignement primaire en question". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL12009.
Texto completoOur approach in this study is both critical and historical. First of all, there has been a period of limitation of the academic standards compared with the mother country until the end of the second world war. The matter was to train less qualified temporary civil servants and middle executives to back the colonial rulers up. After the creation of the union francaise in 1946, there has been a gradual setting up of the same programmes, diplomas and school structures in west africa as in france since there was a need to train more middle and senior executives for the economic development of the colonial territory. After the independance in 1960, the same school policy has been implemented by the political leaders in upper volta before it has been questioned in the 1970s. From that time, budgets have been revised downwards for all the school department, particulary for the five school masters' training centres there were only two centres left until 1985. The present time school policy aims, first of all, at expanding the primary school teaching. But the shortage of the financial ressources leads to various strategies such as the reduction of the school masters' training period from two years to one (1985-91), the unofficial engagement of teachers without training. . . So that the quality of the primary school teaching has become very worrying. Added to that, many other difficulties have to be taken into account such as the programmes and the time tables, the overnumbering of the classes, the poor equipement of the classes and of the pupils, the lack of authership of the pupils when at home,. . . All things considered, the responsibilities of the political leaders, of the teachers, of the parents and of the pupils themselves are all committed in the quality of teaching
Tremblay, Philippe. "Evaluation de la qualité de deux dispositifs scolaires - l'enseignement spécialisé de type 8 et l'inclusion dans l'enseignement ordinaire - destinés à des élèves de l'enseignement primaire ayant des difficultés-troubles d'apprentissage". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210091.
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Le premier dispositif a été mis en place dans le cadre d’une recherche-action menée en Communauté française de Belgique se proposant d’implémenter et de pérenniser un dispositif d’intégration/inclusion scolaire. Le second dispositif évalué est constitué de classes de l’enseignement spécialisé de type 8. Les deux dispositifs étudiés s’adressent à la même population, celle d’enfants ayant des troubles/difficultés d’apprentissage et orientés vers l’enseignement spécialisé de type 8.
Nous avons procédé à l’évaluation de la qualité de huit expériences d’inclusion en école primaire et de treize classes d’enseignement spécialisé de type 8. Ces expériences débutaient en 1re année (CP) dans une classe d’enseignement ordinaire (de 12 à 22 élèves) où étaient intégrés 3 à 7 élèves relevant de l’enseignement spécialisé de type 8.
Les résultats présentés reprennent les deux premières années de cette évaluation. À l’analyse de ces différentes dimensions, nous constatons que cette évaluation de la qualité des deux dispositifs comparés est nécessairement à nuancer. Au regard de l’analyse des différentes dimensions et indicateurs pris en considération dans la présente recherche, le dispositif inclusif et celui d’enseignement spécialisé de type 8 se montrent globalement comparables sur les composantes de base (population, objectifs et ressources). Toutefois, ils se différencient fondamentalement par le contexte dans lequel ils se déploient et par la configuration du travail collaboration entre professionnels (co-enseignement et co-intervention). Les résultats montrent des effets légèrement plus positifs en faveur des élèves inclus, surtout en lecture/écriture. Toutefois, la taille de notre échantillon, le caractère de la recherche (recherche-action), des indicateurs contradictoires, etc. ne nous permettent pas de généraliser nos résultats.
De plus, le modèle multidimensionnel d’évaluation de la qualité demande à être interrogé au niveau de son opérationnalisation pour rechercher une plus grande validité, fiabilité et sensibilité. Cependant, ce relativisme ne doit pas occulter le fait que si nous ne pouvons nous prononcer de manière claire envers l’un ou l’autre dispositif, la présente recherche-action a sans doute permis de mieux comprendre les deux dispositifs étudiés et l’émergence d’une configuration originale et crédible de ressources permettant l’inclusion de ces élèves en enseignement ordinaire.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Abou, Ali Imane. "L'enseignement de la photosynthèse au Liban : quelles missions éducatives ? Quelles mises en œuvre ? : contribution pour une analyse curriculaire". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00712221.
Texto completoNehme, Nada. "Évaluation de la qualité de l’eau du bassin inférieur de la rivière du Litani, Liban : approche environnementale". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0296/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this study was to evaluate water quality of the lower Litani River and assess its feasibility for multi-purpose usage as one of the solutions to the aggravated water problems in Lebanon, To identify possible sources of metals (i.e. geological and/or anthropogenic) and then to characterize the chemical behavior of these metals in water and bed sediments, water and bed load sediments were sampled at six representatives sites which are investigated over three seasons of the year 2011-2012 (i.e. rainy, mid-rainy and dry seasons), The PCA (principal component analysis) method was used to interpret the elemental concentrations in the river water. Results show that among 18 variables, which were evaluated to characterize their physic-chemistry and metals, there are only 4 (Fe, NO2-, CaCO3, Cu) that were determined the type of environmental studied; Three groups were identified and differentiated by PCA according to the seasons. The first group includes all statements made in the mid rainy season and has a dialogue rich in Fe and NO2, and low in NH4 and EC. The second group formed in dry season, and surveys show physicochemical characteristics opposite to those in the first group, the third group formed in mid rainy, and showed the low concentration of K+, PO43- and Cl-. Sediments were characterized by a set of cations exchange capacity, granulometric, diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR( The FTIR analysis shows that the amount of montomorillonite is less than kaolinite and very much less than quartz and calcite. Pearson’s correlation was also performed in this study to compare to and determine the correlation between heavy metals in the sediments. Geo-accumulation (Igeo) index, Contamination Factor (Cf), and contamination degree (Cd) were also applying to assess the level of contamination in the sites. The results shows that the concentration of Pb, Fe are high in the site S5, S6 and the value of Cr ,Ni, are high in the S6, this results suggest that special attention must be given to the issue of element re-mobilization, because a large portion of elements in sediments are likely to release back into the water column. All the sites are characterized by moderate to highly microbial polluted range. The degree of contamination was increased in dry season. However, no critical physicochemical pollution has been reported in this part of the river; except the high concentration of Fe and NO2- in all investigated sites due to the reject of wastewater and to the distribution of touristic activities in the LLRB, the Concentrations of seven heavy metals is high(Cu, Fe, Cd , Mn , Cr, Zn, Ni and Pb) for sediment is higher according to Consensus-based sediment quality guidelines of Wisconsin (Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, 2003) were applied to assess metal contamination in sediment
Moussa, Haidar Chaden. "Évaluation de la qualité de l’eau du bassin supérieur de la rivière du Litani, Liban : approche hydrogéochimique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0295/document.
Texto completoLebanon has abundant water, but its river is polluted. The Litani River is the largest one, draining from north to south in the central core of the country (Bekaa Valley) before turning west to the sea. It crosses down a rather deep valley and passes by several urban agglomerations and industrial zones, which use its water as a discharge system of their waste. This study shows the impact of the anthropic activities on the water quality of this river. Physical (pH, T°, TDS, Ec), chemical (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl?, SO2?4, NH3+, NO?3, PO2?4, K+, BOD5 and COD), heavy metals (Fe, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cr, Al, Ba, Pb, Mn) and microbiological parameters of water quality assessment and sediment for the Upper Litani River Basin was performed. They were investigated during three seasons of rainy, mid-rainy spring and wet season, during the years 2010-2013 to determine correlation between chosen chemical water parameters and bottom sediments parameters. Microbiological and physico-chemical analyses are performed in accordance International methods (e.g. European Standard Methods, WHO). In addition, Multivariate statistical methods (Hierarchical Clustering Analysis: HCA, and Principal Component Analysis: PCA) and Pearson’s correlation were applied to figure out the influence of pollutants disposal in the Lake and the River as well. Sediments were characterized by a set of chemical analyses, cations exchange capacity, mineralogical X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). To assess metal contamination in sediments, Consensus-Based Sediment Quality Guidelines of Wisconsin (CBSQG) were applied. The metals contamination in the sediments was also evaluated by contamination factor (Cf), and the results showed that the effect of seasonal variations was important in the Upper Litani River Basin and the degree of contamination was increased in dry season. All the sites are characterized by moderate to highly microbial polluted range and some site was highly polluted and contaminated
Abdallah, Charbel. "Evaluation des émissions et de la modélisation de la qualité de l'air sur Beyrouth et le Liban". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1080/document.
Texto completoBecause of health and environmental problems related to air pollution in Lebanon, the number of studies investigating this matter has increased over the years to ensure a proper understanding of the situation, including measurements of air quality, studies on pollutant emissions and modeling of atmospheric concentrations using the chemistry transport model (CTM) WRF/Polyphemus. To model air quality in Lebanon, previous studies have identified several difficulties including: an overestimation of ozone concentrations by a factor of 2 in the modeling results of WRF/Polyphemus during summer 2012, a local VOC emission profile from road transport that is different from those found in developed countries. Consequently, the objectives of this thesis are: to improve the performance of Polyphemus over Lebanon by improving the boundary conditions of the simulation of, to evaluate the model for the year 2014 using new observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network, to measure emission factors from road transport in a tunnel in Beirut and compare those data to those observed in developed countries. To improve the performance of the CTM over Lebanon, this thesis compares the concentrations simulated with two different emission inventories and with different methods of estimating boundary conditions. For emissions, two inventories are compared: one that was recently set up specifically for Lebanon, and a global inventory, called EDGAR-HTAP, which combines measured emissions for developed countries and modelled emissions for the remaining countries Even though EDGAR-HTAP is commonly used in global air-quality models, significant differences in the estimation and the spatial distribution of the emissions are identified compared to the inventory specifically developed for Lebanon. In the simulations of the previous studies over Lebanon, boundary conditions were estimated using global simulations from the model MOZART-4. A regional domain over Middle East is introduced into the modeling chain to cushion the change in the horizontal resolution between the global model (≥ 1°) and the Lebanon domain (0.055°). The results from this change showed a significant improvement in the model performance over Lebanon, especially for ozone. This new modeling configuration (nested domains, Middle East and Lebanon is then used to model the year 2014 and it is evaluated using the observations provided by the national air quality monitoring network. For air-quality pollutants, the model performance is satisfactory, as using published criteria. However, weather modeling (Wind speed and Direction) should be improved, and we should take into account the impact on emissions of the demographic changes between the year for which inventory was designed (2011) and the modeled year (2014) due to the population displacement induced by the Syrian war.Concerning emission factors (EF) of road transport, we performed a measurement campaign at the Salim Slam tunnel in Beirut in 2014. The emission factors for the different pollutants (CO, NOx, PM2.5, VOC) were measured for the average traffic. Compared to other studies, the local EF are higher than those measured in developed countries even though they tend to be reduced, as a result of the changes in the fleet characteristics, compared to the values measured back in 2000
Issa, Carine. "Régime méditerranéen traditionnel et adiposité dans un échantillon rural au Liban, et qualité nutritionnelle des plats composés". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20705.
Texto completoThe traditional Mediterranean (Med) diet has been widely documented for its benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases. Unfortunately, in Lebanon, as in other Med countries, the traditional diet is eroding toward a more westernized diet. This detrimental evolution is accompanied by an increased prevalence of obesity. However, rural areas seem to be experiencing a smoother nutrition transition. In this context, two complimentary studies were performed to document the diet characteristics of a rural sample in Lebanon and the relationship with adiposity. First, we aimed to test the hypothesis that adherence to a traditional Med diet was associated with a lower prevalence of body adiposity in this rural sample. Secondly, we aimed to determine the global nutritional quality of traditional Lebanese dishes as compared to dishes most consumed in France, based on the new concept of nutrient profiling. The findings demonstrated an inverse association between diet quality and adiposity markers (namely, Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference) when dietary quality was assessed with a new Composite Med score, including both positive components of the diet (i. E. Whole grain and cereal products, vegetables, fruit) and negative components adapted to our sample (i. E. Refined grain and cereal products, liquid sweets), along with positive key components of the Med diet (i. E. Legumes, olive oil, and fish). Results of the second part of our work showed that the mean of vegetable and unrefined starches contents combined represented more than 50% of total weight in composite dishes from Lebanon (LD) and only 25% in dishes consumed in France (FD). LD were significantly richer in vitamin C than FD and had significantly lower content in saturated fatty acids and sodium than FD. Thus, traditional Lebanese dishes were found to generally have a good nutritional quality with twice as many LD as FD belonging to the most favorable nutrient profile class. The nutrient profile perspective suggested that the rich traditional cuisine heritage of Lebanon has the potential to improve dietary diversity and healthy eating. Moreover, our results support the concept that adherence to a Mediterranean-type diet is associated with reduced general and abdominal adiposity. Overall, our work suggests that the reintroduction of traditional dietary habits in Mediterranean countries could slow down the increasing trend toward overweight and obesity, and thus prevent detrimental health consequences in populations of this region
Savina, Marie-Dominique. "Marché de la formation et qualité : le cas de l'enseignement professionnel et technique privé au Bénin". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50374-1998-231.pdf.
Texto completoAbbas, Moussa. "Production et contrôle qualité dans l'enseignement des langues : quel rôle pour l'inspecteur de français en Algérie?" Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA152.
Texto completoAfter winning the challenge of schooling, the algerian educational system has been engaged for ten years in structural and teaching method reform to improve the quality of its teaching. The statistical and qualitative analysis of the results obtained at the end of the compulsory cycle exams, with regard to the tests, programs and french textbooks, suggets that this bet isn’t yet won. In the dynamic of this transformation, french educational inspector is called to play a more decisive role in the production and the quality control of teaching.From a field survey that establishes an uncompromising survey of the conditions to exercise this function, this study proposes a new role and new ways for improving quality in this field
Badreddine, Zeynab. "Étude des décisions chronogénétiques des enseignants dans l'enseignement de la physique au collège ; une étude de cas au Liban". Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00421770.
Texto completoBaydoun, Tamara. "Regards croisés sur l'usufruit des droits sociaux : France - Liban". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0116.
Texto completoUsufruct is a right in rem allowing to use and to enjoy the property of another. Whilst previously, real estates and immovable properties were one’s most valuable assets, with time we have witnessed a shift in the market environment and the development of wealth in movables.In light of the foregoing, usufruct which was initially applicable in real estate, has been applied in other types of property such as corporate shares and stocks. Being relatively a recent development, there is an absence in the French system of adequately applicable legal texts to the usufruct of shares and stocks and accordingly it is subject to both the property law and company law. This gives rise to a number of difficulties because whereas the property law focuses on the various forms of ownership and the legal relationship with the rem, and emphasizes on proprietorship rights; the company law studies the interaction of the shareholders and other stakeholders with the company specifying their rights and duties and thus may lose sight that the usufruct is a property right. With this research I intend to explore the different mechanisms and contexts in which usufruct is used as a legal & financial tool for tax optimization and cost cutting mostly elucidated during inheritance. On the other hand, I will elaborate the way of utilizing it by a shareholder within the company.Finally, I hope that my thesis will contribute to encourage the Lebanese legislator in introducing this notion into Lebanon by developing the relevant laws and will provide an updated and thorough study of shares and stocks usufruct
Hayfa, Nina. "L'enseignement de la notion de vecteur au Liban après la réforme de 1998 : analyse anthropologique et conceptuelle sur un échantillon de manuels et d’élèves francophones". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10274.
Texto completoOur research’s object is how the Lebanese reform of 1998 modifies the teaching of “vector” and which difficulties are solved or not solved. Our problematic is defined by: what was the previous program of vector, some previous researches and the different aspects of vector’s concept. Our interviews with the didactic transposition’s actors permit to know their position about the vector’s notion and its teaching. The analyzes of two Lebanese manuals with the theory of anthropology of didactic and the theory of “champs conceptuels” permit the construction of three possible conceptions: “free vector”, “tied vector” and the “intermediaries”. In addition, we show the impact of semiotics’ registers and didactics’ variables on the conception mobilized. The three form of pupils’ experimentations show that the acquisition of the conception “free vector” permits more performance even in exercises where the conception “tied vector” is sufficient to resolve it
Abou, Raad Nawal. "LE CALCUL ALGEBRIQUE EN FRANCE ET AU LIBAN ETUDE COMPAREE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT DE LA FACTORISATION ET DES ERREURS DES ELEVEs". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063999.
Texto completoNasr, Véra. "Quelle place pour la traduction dans l'enseignement/apprentissage du FLE au niveau avancé en milieu exolingue ? , le cas du Liban". Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030137.
Texto completoThis research aims at reflecting upon the use of one's mother tongue in the learning process of a foreign language, by rehabilitating the one activity which allows a systematic use of mother tongue, translation. However, it's important not to mix up the believes that we entertain in this thesis with assumptions that were those of the traditional methodology of language teaching. We're proposing here a "new" translation, a creative one, a translation as a (re)-creation. . . No more word for word rendering, no more hindering or useless exercices. Only a spontaneous expression of the meaning. The use of bilingual dictionaries is no more enough : a wide panel of documents contributes to the understanding and to the writing processes. .
Almrtdi, Mustafa. "L' évaluation du cours d'anglais pour les étudiants des facultés d'agriculture en Libye. Etude de cas : la faculté d'agriculture à l'université d'Al-Fateh, Tripoli". Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAML010.
Texto completoThe @Libyan University students at the faculties of agriculture at Al-Fateh University, who have passed a two years ESP course, remain unable to use English effectively in their academic study. This shortcoming may be attributed to more than one factor, including : teacher performance, the learners themselves, the designated syllabus, the methods of teaching or to all these factors. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the ESP course (for the faculty of agriculture) by investigating the reasons behind the ineffectiveness of the ESP course. This evaluation process covers : the teachers performance, the learners, the designated syllabus and methods of teaching applied. This study is conducted on a sample of students and a sample of the English language teachers at the faculties of agriculture. The designated syllabus and the methodology applied in teaching are also investigated by means of class observations, and questionnaires addressing both teachers and students. The questionnaires cover the needs of the learners and their motivation, the syllabus, and the methodology
Noaman, Samar Billi. "Tourisme médical : comprendre les comportements de consommation des voyageurs et enjeux stratégiques pour le Liban". Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01E033/document.
Texto completoA substantive literature of medical tourism has been attributed to medical tourists' motivations. Academicians have studied medical tourists' experiences and resulting satisfaction level. Nevertheless, the link between these two concepts has seldom been examined in medical tourism literature. Thus, this study examines medical tourists’ motivations for medical tourism destination, the effect of those motivations on their perception of quality, satisfaction and intention to revisit. In addition, the study aims to explore the various characteristics of medical tourists which yields in classifying them into different segments. The objective is to investigate the attributes that attract medical tourists to the destination as well as possible ways to enhance their medical tourism experience and satisfaction. Empirically, the study aims to promote the medical tourism destination at business and national levels to a world-class level by addressing the motivations and perceptions of medical tourists. Theoretical foundations are drawn from push-pull theory, five steps decision-making process, in addition to theories from service perceived quality and satisfaction literature. A conceptual framework was developed to illustrate the relationship between the study variables. The motivations were classified into push and pull. Pull motivations were classified into motivations associated with the destination, medical attributes, convenience and with price. Perceived quality was classified into medical and touristic. Methodologically, the study incorporates a triangulation approach where primary data were collected from suppliers involved in medical tourism via interviews and from medical tourists via survey. Eight interviews were conducted with suppliers of medical tourism in destination of study to obtain an in-depth insight into the subject matter as well as for further verification of quantitative knowledge development. A total of 212 responses were obtained from the survey for verification of the quantitative model using Structural Equation Modeling. Other data analysis techniques were employed, primarily Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The findings provide support to some hypothesized relationships.The pull motivations associated with medical attributes affect perceived medical quality and the pull motivations associated with destination, medical attributes and convenience affect perceived touristic quality. Both medical and touristic perceived quality affect satisfaction while satisfaction affected intention to revisit. The findings as well extend the applications of the underpinned theories in explaining consumer behavior in medical tourism. The main theories include five steps decision-making process and disconfirmation service quality theory. The implications of the research extend to business level and national level. The results can help managers involved in medical tourism businesses including clinics, medical centers, hotels and travel agencies to reallocate their resources and implement the recommended practices that can improve their performance and attract additional medical tourists. On a national level, the findings are significant to key decision makers in the fields of tourism and healthcare. The outcomes and recommendations can assist in increasing the attractiveness of the destination and improving the medical tourism experience which would result in economic benefit to the destination as a whole
Ghosn, Racha. "De la conceptualisation de la compétence à sa modélisation didactique : vers une approche par compétences pour l'enseignement du français au Liban". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON30088/document.
Texto completoThe concept of competence and the approach by competence constitute a genuine preoccupation of different educatifs systems. The introduction of process teaching and learning based on competences is the core of reforming projects required by the schools to adapt to the contemporary needs. The approach by competence accentuate the skills of student to practice whatever he learned at the school in his everyday life. The essential objectif of this study is to analyze the effect of the introduction of the approach by competence on the Lebanese educatif system and the possibility to adapt this approach in the Lebanese public schools. Thus, to achieve our goal, a Curriculum based on the approach by competence compatible with the Lebanese conditions of teaching been established
Riou, Jerôme. "Étude de l'influence de l'enseignement du code alphabétique sur la qualité des apprentissages des élèves de cours préparatoire". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL024/document.
Texto completoOur doctoral research focuses on the influence of phonics instruction on first-grade students’ progress. Its purpose is to identify effective teaching practices and to contribute to the training of teachers. This research is part of a larger study conducted by Roland Goigoux, which aimed to assess the influence of reading and writing on the quality of learning.The first part of our research examines causal relationships between the characteristics of phonics instruction and students’ performances in decoding and spelling. First, we study the influence of the speed of teaching of grapheme-phoneme relationships (tempo) and of the decodable part of texts used to teach reading (rendement effectif). Our results reveal a significant influence of these two variables on the quality of learning, this influence being different according to students’ initial levels. Besides, we propose a planning of the phonics instruction based on the theoretical frequency of the grapheme-phoneme correspondences in texts written in standard French which can serve as references for the teachers. We also study the effects of the teaching time allocated to encoding tasks on reading achievement, effects which appear to be significant and positive but which vary according to the nature of the tasks and to students’ characteristics.In the second part of our dissertation, we attempt to analyze and document teaching practices of experienced first-grade teachers for training purposes. We analyze a reference situation of the teaching of reading and writing from the video recordings of thirty six collective sessions of reading. Then, we describe prototypical teaching scenarios and lay the foundations for a training intended to develop the professional skills of the teachers. Specifically, we raise the issue of the relationship between the resolution of decoding and understanding tasks and the autonomy that decoding success afforded the students. We finally present the digital platform we designed, which allows calculating the decodable part of texts used during reading instruction. This platform named Anagraph has been designed to help teachers plan the study of the grapheme-phoneme correspondences and to choose texts adapted to their teaching