Artículos de revistas: "Public research and health policies"

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Ramos-Morcillo, Antonio Jesús y María Ruzafa-Martínez. "Nursing research and public health policies. From “nursogyny” to “nursology”". Enfermería Clínica (English Edition) 27, n.º 3 (mayo de 2017): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2017.04.001.

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Warin, Thierry. "Global Research on Coronaviruses: Metadata-Based Analysis for Public Health Policies". JMIR Medical Informatics 9, n.º 11 (30 de noviembre de 2021): e31510. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/31510.

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Background Within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper suggests a data science strategy for analyzing global research on coronaviruses. The application of reproducible research principles founded on text-as-data information, open science, the dissemination of scientific data, and easy access to scientific production may aid public health in the fight against the virus. Objective The primary goal of this paper was to use global research on coronaviruses to identify critical elements that can help inform public health policy decisions. We present a data science framework to assist policy makers in implementing cutting-edge data science techniques for the purpose of developing evidence-based public health policies. Methods We used the EpiBibR (epidemiology-based bibliography for R) package to gain access to coronavirus research documents worldwide (N=121,231) and their associated metadata. To analyze these data, we first employed a theoretical framework to group the findings into three categories: conceptual, intellectual, and social. Second, we mapped the results of our analysis in these three dimensions using machine learning techniques (ie, natural language processing) and social network analysis. Results Our findings, firstly, were methodological in nature. They demonstrated the potential for the proposed data science framework to be applied to public health policies. Additionally, our findings indicated that the United States and China were the primary contributors to global coronavirus research during the study period. They also demonstrated that India and Europe were significant contributors, albeit in a secondary position. University collaborations in this domain were strong between the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, confirming the country-level findings. Conclusions Our findings argue for a data-driven approach to public health policy, particularly when efficient and relevant research is required. Text mining techniques can assist policy makers in calculating evidence-based indices and informing their decision-making process regarding specific actions necessary for effective health responses.

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Colomer-Revuelta, C., R. Peiro-Perez, R. M. Lopez-Rodriguez, I. Espiga-Lopez, I. Saiz-Martinez-Acitores y I. Soriano-Villarroel. "Policies, politics and gender research". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 61, Supplement 2 (1 de diciembre de 2007): ii2—ii3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.066225.

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Latham, Stephen R. "Between Public Opinion and Public Policy: Human Embryonic Stem-Cell Research and Path-Dependency". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, n.º 4 (2009): 800–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00451.x.

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My aim in this paper is simply to show that, in bioethics no less than in other areas of health care, policy in democracies is shaped not only by principles and values, but also — and to some extent independently — by the shape and history of particular political institutions and past policies. “Path dependency,” or what one scholar has called the “accidental logics” of already-existing institutions, condition and guide national policy choices. These institutional and historical pressures can even create substantial policy divergences between quite likeminded nations. I shall illustrate the point using some comparative data about national policies regarding research on human embryonic stem cells. The fact that gaps can develop between values and policies is readily visible to anyone who compares national stemcell research policies to the expressed attitudes of the citizens of various democratic countries regarding human embryonic stem-cell research. The role of path dependency and the accidental logics of institutional structure in creating those gaps can be illustrated by tracking down the details of the development of human embryonic stem cell policies in a few different countries.

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Widhiyanti, Hanif Nur y Anak Agung Ayu Nanda Saraswati. "LIMITATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN RESPONSE TO COVID-19: FROM PUBLIC HEALTH REGULATIONS TO DISCRIMINATORY POLICIES". Diponegoro Law Review 6, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2021): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.6.1.2021.78-95.

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A number of regulations and policies implemented by some countries regarding the limitations of freedom to manifest religion or belief have been highly debated since the Covid-19 pandemic. Many argue such policies are discriminative and inconsistent with human rights law. Thus, this paper aims at analyzing the concept of human rights in the implementation of religion manifestation during the pandemic, and investigating how states implement policies according to the international human rights legal framework. This normative research which uses comparative and conceptual approach concludes that policies established by states in general can be legitimized on several conditions, among others for public health concerns. In addition, the proportionality and the non-discrimination principles need to be applied accordingly.

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Flores, Eileen, Danielle Llaneza, Hanamori Skoblow, Lilian Azer y Patricia D’Antonio. "PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY IN AN AGING POPULATION". Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (1 de noviembre de 2022): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1504.

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Abstract In the U.S., cancer and its related issues have an impact on public health, such as increased death rates and economic burdens due to lost productivity and associated treatment costs. Along the cancer control continuum, there are ample opportunities to enact policies that can improve cancer prevention, detection, and survivorship. As the US population ages, health policies that address barriers to cancer prevention and optimal survivorship care for older adults will be key. The intersection of policy and public health has gained momentum in the last decade. Changes resulting from the Affordable Care Act and President Biden’s recently set goals (i.e. reduce age-adjusted death rates from cancer by at least 50% and improving the experience of people and their families living with and surviving cancer) for the Cancer Moonshot program have ignited the role of public health policy and its implications among the US population. As a policy intern, I had the opportunity to advocate on behalf of GSA, the nation’s largest aging organization, for research initiatives (e.g. ARPA-H) that amplify opportunities to address policies in public health. Advocating for initiatives that accelerate the government’s biomedical and health research to embrace a geroscience approach will continue to spearhead much needed opportunities to directly impact policies surrounding aging and cancer.

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Mehling, Kendra y Su Jin Jeong. "Perceptions of Public Health: The Challenges of Public Health Education Integration". Journal of Education and Development 2, n.º 2 (18 de junio de 2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/jed.v2i2.433.

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Public health seeks to protect and improve the health of communities through the promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention, and detection and control of infectious diseases. It is a population-focused science that works primarily with prevention strategies, policies implementation, service administration, and research. While this field seemingly contrasts with the field of clinical medicine—in which patients are treated on an individual level after becoming sick or injured—public health concepts regarding prevention are critical knowledge areas for any health professional. In recent years, public health courses have been incorporated into degree requirements for a variety of health-related professions; however, several studies have indicated that health professions students have negative attitudes toward these courses for a variety of reasons. Given the importance of public health as a crucial component of health profession education, it is important to understand how students’ perceptions of public health education are shaped to ensure effective integration.

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Marinaccio, Alessandro, Michela Bonafede y Marco Morabito. "Research and public health prevention policies of occupational heat exposure in Italy". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 79, n.º 3 (12 de enero de 2022): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2021-107967.

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Powell, O. W. "THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH ON HEALTH POLICIES". Community Health Studies 3, n.º 2 (12 de febrero de 2010): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.1979.tb00238.x.

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Rodrigues, Joana y Maria Velez. "Transition to the Second Child: from Health to Public Policies". Ciências e Políticas Públicas / Public Sciences & Policies 6, n.º 1 (junio de 2020): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33167/2184-0644.cpp2020.vvin1/pp.123-137.

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In Portugal there has been a decline in fertility and birth rates, and its recovery is currently related to the transition to the second child, which requires concerted action by those involved. However, the evidence illustrating this phenomenon is scattered in the literature. This article aims to outline how the transition experience inherent to the birth of a second child presents itself in national and international scientific research, and also the challenges posed to research, clinical practice and public policies. It was found that the birth of a second child emerges as a transition in parenting with implications for health and quality of life, with scant research characterizing it. Its study is recommended, as well as the operationalization of a specific professional human career. Public policies can play a relevant role in creating a favorable environment for couples to decide to have more children.

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Tavazzi, Luigi. "Observational research as a platform for evidence-based public health policies and learning health systems". European Heart Journal 38, n.º 24 (2 de abril de 2017): 1891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehx113.

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Thomas, J. A. y M. E. Greene. "Institutional Policies and Educational Programs: Animals in Research". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 13, n.º 4 (agosto de 1994): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819409140603.

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Biomedical research facilities, including academic and industrial settings, need to have established internal and external policies regarding the humane care and use of animals in pharmacologic and toxicologic experimental protocols. Compliance with regulatory and accrediting agencies (e.g., Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care) requires institutional support and necessitates recruiting and retaining a quality veterinarian staff. Resources must be available to maintain vivarium physical facilities, including experimental surgery suites, and to provide an acceptable program in occupational health to protect against zoonotic diseases. Through the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC), educational programs, compliance issues, and institutional security measures can be effectively implemented. A close communication liaison must be established between the IACUC, the veterinary staff, institutional public relations, security and the individual investigator. A coordinated policy with both internal and external components is necessary in order to satisfactorily manage the use of animals in toxicologic research.

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Parker, L. A., B. Lumbreras y I. Hernandez-Aguado. "Health information and advocacy for "Health in All Policies": a research agenda". Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 64, n.º 2 (7 de enero de 2010): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.081976.

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Gregori, Dario. "Evidences to validate public policies: a review with an international research perspective". Salud Pública de México 56 (3 de marzo de 2013): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/spm.v56s2.5180.

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Nutrition and related health issues are nowadays topics of general interest. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased with alarming speed over the past twenty years, being described by the World Health Organization as a global epidemic. An evidence-based approach to public health interventions should be based on the best available information. Given the substantial investment of society in fundamental and applied health research, and the high expectations of society for reducing the burden of illness,attention to these matters should have high priority. There’s an urgent need to foster the development of international standards, such as food labeling and profiling. Considering the complex network involved in obesity development, it is necessary to promote multiple-concurrent interventions,taking into account that by focusing on a single intervention in isolation, all other factors being constant, each individual policy change is likely to appear ineffective.

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Lyne, Katrina, Carmel Williams, Sotiris Vardoulakis, Veronica Matthews, Brad Farrant, Andrew Butt, Iain Walker et al. "A Research Translation, Implementation and Impact Strategy for the Australian Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) Research Network". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 14 (18 de julio de 2023): 6383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20146383.

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Healthy Environments And Lives (HEAL) is the Australian national research network established to support improvements to health, the Australian health system, and the environment in response to the unfolding climate crisis. The HEAL Network comprises researchers, community members and organisations, policymakers, practitioners, service providers, and other stakeholders from diverse backgrounds and sectors. HEAL seeks to protect and improve public health, reduce health inequities and inequalities, and strengthen health system sustainability and resilience in the face of environmental and climate change, all with a commitment to building on the strengths, knowledge, wisdom, and experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, culture, and communities. Supporting applied research that can inform policy and practice, and effective research translation, implementation, and impact are important goals across the HEAL Network and essential to achieve its intended outcomes. To aid translation approaches, a research translation, implementation, and impact strategy for the HEAL Network was developed. The strategy has been created to inform and guide research translation across HEAL, emphasising communication, trust, partnerships, and co-design with communities and community organisations as well as the decision-makers responsible for public policies and programs. Development of the strategy was guided by research translation theory and practice and the Health in All Policies and Environment in All Policies frameworks. As described in this paper, the strategy is underpinned by a set of principles and outlines preliminary actions which will be further expanded over the course of the HEAL Network’s activities. Through these actions, the HEAL Network is well-positioned to ensure successful research translation and implementation across its program of work.

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Gyamfi, Samuel Adu, Phinehas Asiamah, Benjamin Dompreh Darkwa y Lucky Tomdi. "Public Health Policies in the Akyem Abuakwa of Ghana (1850-1957)". Ethnologia Actualis 20, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2020): 129–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eas-2021-0014.

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Abstract Akyem Abuakwa is one of the largest states of the Akan ethnic group in Ghana. Notwithstanding its size and important contribution to Ghana’s development, historians have paid little attention in doing academic research on the health history of the people. Using a qualitative method of research, this paper does a historical study on public health policies in Akyem Abuakwa from the 1850s to 1957. We utilised documentary and non-documentary sources to discuss the various public health policies implemented in Akyem Abuakwa from the pre-colonial era to the colonial era. We examined the impact of the policies on the people of Akyem Abuakwa and the various challenges faced by the British colonial administration in their quest to implement public health policies.

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Zheliuk, Tetiana. "Current approaches to public healthcare policy implementation". Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, n.º 1(91) (1 de enero de 2019): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2019.01.037.

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The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the need to update policy vectors in the healthcare sector. The subject matter of the paper includes analyzing approaches to public healthcare policy implementation. The purpose of the research is to provide an outline of research approaches and recommendations regarding policy vectors for public healthcare; and the development of strategies for healthy lifestyles. In particular; the article considers the following matters: human health risks; best examples of implementing healthcare policies; and development of healthcare funding system. Special attention is paid to the reorientation of the healthcare system from treating diseases to preventing them and improving health. The article examines research approaches to implementing public healthcare policies. The possible combining of human-centred concept; health potential concept; and valeology is illustrated. The paper also reviews some practices used in the developed countries of taking institutional; social; psychological; and mental approaches to address the issue of healthy lifestyles. Among them; one should mention developing the Charter and strategies for a healthy lifestyle; expanding partnerships in healthcare; creating a supportive environment. It is stressed that the Charter on the promotion of a healthy lifestyle should be based on the public health policy of Ukraine.

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Lillefjell, Monica, Eva Magnus, Margunn SkJei Knudtsen, Guri Wist, Sissel Horghagen, Geir Arild Espnes, Ruca Maass y Kirsti Sarheim Anthun. "Governance for public health and health equity: The Tröndelag model for public health work". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 46, n.º 22_suppl (junio de 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494818765704.

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Background: Multi-sectoral governance of population health is linked to the realization that health is the property of many societal systems. This study aims to contribute knowledge and methods that can strengthen the capacities of municipalities regarding how to work more systematically, knowledge-based and multi-sectoral in promoting health and health equity in the population. Methods: Process evaluation was conducted, applying a mixed-methods research design, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. Results: Processes strengthening systematic and multi-sectoral development, implementation and evaluation of research-based measures to promote health, quality of life, and health equity in, for and with municipalities were revealed. A step-by-step model, that emphasizes the promotion of knowledge-based, systematic, multi-sectoral public health work, as well as joint ownership of local resources, initiatives and policies has been developed. Conclusions: Implementation of systematic, knowledge-based and multi-sectoral governance of public health measures in municipalities demand shared understanding of the challenges, updated overview of the population health and impact factors, anchoring in plans, new skills and methods for selection and implementation of measures, as well as development of trust, ownership, shared ethics and goals among those involved.

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McCambridge, Jim, Kypros Kypri, Trevor A. Sheldon, Mary Madden y Thomas F. Babor. "Advancing public health policy making through research on the political strategies of alcohol industry actors". Journal of Public Health 42, n.º 2 (9 de abril de 2019): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz031.

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Abstract Development and implementation of evidence-based policies is needed in order to ameliorate the rising toll of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Alcohol is a key cause of the mortality burden and alcohol policies are under-developed. This is due in part to the global influence of the alcohol industry. We propose that a better understanding of the methods and the effectiveness of alcohol industry influence on public health policies will support efforts to combat such influence, and advance global health. Many of the issues on the research agenda we propose will inform, and be informed by, research into the political influence of other commercial actors.

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Mattocks, Kristin M., Kristin J. Cunningham, Clinton Greenstone, David Atkins, Amy K. Rosen y Mark Upton. "Innovations in Community Care Programs, Policies, and Research". Medical Care 59, Suppl 3 (13 de mayo de 2021): S229—S231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mlr.0000000000001550.

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Jones, Catherine M., Carole Clavier y Louise Potvin. "Adapting public policy theory for public health research: A framework to understand the development of national policies on global health". Social Science & Medicine 177 (marzo de 2017): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.01.048.

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Gogoi, Nitish y S. S. Sumesh. "The Political Economy of Public Health Inequalities and Inequities in India: Complexities, Challenges, and Strategies for Inclusive Public Health Care Policy". International Journal of Health Services 52, n.º 2 (27 de enero de 2022): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207314211066748.

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This article examines the political economy of health inequalities and inequities in the public health care system in India and identifies potential areas for interventions to promote equal and equitable health care for marginalized people. Drawing on the Political Economy of Health Model of Research, this article reiterates the inadequacy of policy frameworks and programs in ensuring accessible, affordable, and quality public health care services to all. We argue that for policies to be successful, policymakers should consider the diverse social registries of class, caste, religion, gender, region, ethnicity, and age, as well as their intersections. We also argue that health care policies and programs need to be: ( a) dynamic and flexible, ( b) intersectional and backed up by sufficient grassroots research, and ( c) equitable at every stage of policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation.

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Van Dyke, Craig. "Research Policies for Schizophrenia in the Global Health Context". International Journal of Mental Health 42, n.º 1 (abril de 2013): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/imh0020-7411420104.

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Meier, Petra, Robin Purshouse, Marion Bain, Clare Bambra, Richard Bentall, Mark Birkin, John Brazier et al. "The SIPHER Consortium: Introducing the new UK hub for systems science in public health and health economic research". Wellcome Open Research 4 (12 de noviembre de 2019): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15534.1.

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The conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work and age are key drivers of health and inequalities in life chances. To maximise health and wellbeing across the whole population, we need well-coordinated action across government sectors, in areas including economic, education, welfare, labour market and housing policy. Current research struggles to offer effective decision support on the cross-sector strategic alignment of policies, and to generate evidence that gives budget holders the confidence to change the way major investment decisions are made. This open letter introduces a new research initiative in this space. The SIPHER (Systems Science in Public Health and Health Economics Research) Consortium brings together a multi-disciplinary group of scientists from across six universities, three government partners at local, regional and national level, and ten practice partner organisations. The Consortium’s vision is a shift from health policy to healthy public policy, where the wellbeing impacts of policies are a core consideration across government sectors. Researchers and policy makers will jointly tackle fundamental questions about: a) the complex causal relationships between upstream policies and wellbeing, economic and equality outcomes; b) the multi-sectoral appraisal of costs and benefits of alternative investment options; c) public values and preferences for different outcomes, and how necessary trade-offs can be negotiated; and d) creating the conditions for intelligence-led adaptive policy design that maximises progress against economic, social and health goals. Whilst our methods will be adaptable across policy topics and jurisdictions, we will initially focus on four policy areas: Inclusive Economic Growth, Adverse Childhood Experiences, Mental Wellbeing and Housing.

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Ellis, Gary B. "Office for Protection from Research Risks (OPRR)". Politics and the Life Sciences 13, n.º 2 (agosto de 1994): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0730938400018591.

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The Office for Protection from Research Risks (OPRR) has primary responsibility within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) for developing and implementing policies, procedures, and regulations for the protection of human subjects involved in research. It also has primary responsibility within the U.S. Public Health Service for developing and implementing policies and procedures for the care and use of laboratory animals. And, it has responsibility for coordinating the development and implementation of policies, procedures, and regulations for the protection of human subjects involved in research for all U.S. federal departments and agencies that conduct or support such research.

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Marí-Dell’Olmo, Marc, Ana M. Novoa, Lluís Camprubí, Andrés Peralta, Hugo Vásquez-Vera, Jordi Bosch, Jordi Amat et al. "Housing Policies and Health Inequalities". International Journal of Health Services 47, n.º 2 (28 de diciembre de 2016): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731416684292.

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A large body of literature shows the link between inadequate housing conditions and poor physical and mental health. The aim of this paper is to summarize the research on the impact of local housing policies on health inequalities, focusing on the issues of access to housing and fuel poverty as studied in the SOPHIE project. Our case studies in Spain showed that people facing housing insecurity, experienced intense levels of mental distress. We found that access to secure and adequate housing can improve the health of these populations, therefore, public policies that address housing instability and their consequences are urgently needed. Housing conditions related to fuel poverty are associated with poorer health and are unevenly distributed across Europe. We found possible positive effects of façade insulation interventions on cold-related mortality in women living in social housing; but not in men. Policies on housing energy efficiency can reduce the health consequences of fuel poverty, but need to be free to users, target the most vulnerable groups and be adaptable to their needs.

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Vindimian, Eric. "Toxicity assessment and public policies: An urgent need for research". Environmental Toxicology 25, n.º 5 (9 de septiembre de 2010): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tox.20588.

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Cunha, Carmen Maria Santos Lopes Monteiro, Andreia Cátia Jorge Silva Costa y Maria Adriana Pereira Henriques. "Community health and public health nursing". Revista Gestão & Saúde 11, n.º 2 (27 de agosto de 2020): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/gs.v11i2.29414.

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Community health and public health nursing is a relevant issue in the context of the Portuguese National Health System reforms. International organizations, such as the World Health Organization, have emphasized the importance of nurses in community and public health care, and international studies report ongoing changes in this area in many countries. Through a Systematic Literature Review, conducted in early 2019, following an Equator Network protocol, Systematic Reviews, CRD's guidance for undertaking reviews in health care, prepared by York University, we addressed the research issue: what has been published about community health and public health nurse competencies and interventions. The inclusion of articles followed PRISMA 2009 and 36 of the total number of publications were selected. The contributions refer to the expansion of nurses’ competences, events such as health fairs, nutrition, and caries assessments, performance in contexts of natural disasters, development of management skills, understanding and influencing the making of public health policies. With the ongoing public health reform taking place in Portugal, it is also a good opportunity for nursing to investigate, produce, innovate, and recreate itself.

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Kumar, Bernadette N., Esperanza Diaz, Anu E. Castaneda, Malin Ahrne, Marie L. NØrredam y Soorej J. Puthoopparambil. "Migration health research in the Nordic countries: Priorities and implications for public health". Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 50, n.º 7 (17 de octubre de 2022): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14034948221125037.

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The past 50 years have witnessed an increase in immigration to the Nordic countries from and beyond neighbouring countries in Europe. Diversity implies variations and differences in health status and health outcomes both within and across populations. Migrant health research has not been prioritized and health policies and practice, especially long-term national plans, often exclude migrants. In this article, we briefly trace the history, the groups, reasons for migration and the road to migrant health research in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark. We discuss the case for data and research including needs, basis for data collection and the methodological challenges. We provide a brief snapshot of migrant health research, identify current gaps and discuss the implications for research. We recommend a regional Nordic strategy to promote intercountry exchange, sharing and learning. Finally, we reflect on the larger picture, implications for policy and practice that could enable societal conditions to reduce avoidable health inequalities.

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Monteiro, Simone y Wilza Vieira Villela. "Forum on stigma, discrimination, and health: policies and research challenges. Introduction". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 28, n.º 1 (enero de 2012): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2012000100016.

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This introduction outlines the Forum on stigma, discrimination, and health: policies and research challenges, including four articles and a final commentary. The first article reviews the development of international research on the relationship between discrimination and health. The second analyzes the recent Brazilian research output on AIDS, stigma, and discrimination. The third article addresses conceptual and methodological aspects of the relations between discrimination and health from an epidemiological perspective. The forth examines the process of affirming sexual rights in Brazil, involving the judiciary system, public policies, and the executive and legislative branches of government, among others. The fifth paper presents comments and questions on the contents discussed in the first four articles. The reflections aim to provide conceptual and methodological contributions for research and health policies on stigma and discrimination, given the gaps identified in the international and Brazilian literature.

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Araújo, Warlen Miiller Rocha, Sarah Goes Barreto da Silva Moreira, Luana Pinheiro Da Silva, Laís Pinheiro Da Silva, Milton Jorge Lobo, Juliane Macedo Dos Santos, João Victor Manarelli Barbosa, Maria Fernanda Bandeira Da Silva, Hortência Ferreira Gurgel y Matheus Gomes Da Costa. "The Importance of Primary Care in Reducing Health Inequalities: A Focus on Public Health". Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, n.º 4 (29 de enero de 2024): e04734. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n4-073.

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Objective: This article aims to revisit and consolidate the available scientific evidence on the impact of Primary Care on reducing health inequalities. Through a critical and comprehensive analysis, the goal is to highlight effective interventions, identify gaps in current research, and provide tangible recommendations for public policies that promote a more equitable approach in delivering health services. Thus, it seeks to contribute to the ongoing dialogue on how Primary Care can serve as a vital instrument in building healthier and fairer societies. Theoretical Framework: The theory of social determinants of health, developed by Dahlgren and Whitehead, emphasizes the direct influence of social, economic, and environmental factors on population health. Primary Health Care (PHC), by addressing not only medical conditions but also social determinants, emerges as a vital instrument in reducing health inequalities. The 1978 Alma-Ata Declaration defined Primary Care as an essential component of health systems. The theory underscores the importance of accessible health services, community participation, and a comprehensive approach to health needs. Method: This study adopts an exploratory and analytical approach, aiming to comprehensively investigate the relationship between Primary Health Care (PHC) and the reduction of health inequalities. A retrospective design was adopted to analyze existing data and evidence, providing a holistic view over time. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to the cut-off date of this work. Electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were consulted using specific keywords related to PHC, health inequalities, and pertinent theories. Results and Conclusion: Case studies conducted in different geographical contexts revealed nuances in the implementation of PHC and its effects on reducing health inequalities. Communities adopting a patient-centered approach and actively involving the community demonstrated substantial improvements in health indicators, corroborating applied theories. The analysis of local and national health policies highlighted the importance of a favorable regulatory environment to strengthen Primary Care. Regions implementing policies prioritizing equitable access to primary care showed more positive results in reducing health inequalities. Implications of the Research: The results of this research provide important insights for the formulation of public health policies. Findings underscore the importance of prioritizing and strengthening Primary Health Care as a fundamental strategy in reducing health inequalities. Health policies should be directed towards supporting the implementation and expansion of PHC, considering the theories and practices indicated in the research. Originality/Value: The research integrates a variety of relevant theories, from social theories to patient-centered care models. This holistic approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the intersection between Primary Health Care and health inequalities.

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Loncarevic, Natasa, Pernille Tanggaard Andersen, Anja Leppin y Maja Bertram. "Policymakers’ Research Capacities, Engagement, and Use of Research in Public Health Policymaking". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 21 (20 de octubre de 2021): 11014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111014.

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The use of research in public health policymaking is one of the prerequisites for successfully implemented health policies which have better population health as an outcome. This policy process is influenced by the actors involved under the policy umbrella, with inter-related contextual factors and specific structural and institutional circumstances. Our study investigates how policymakers’ research capacities influence the use of research in the health policy process and identify areas where capacity-building interventions give the most meaning and impact. Furthermore, we investigate policymakers’ research engagement and use this to inform public health policy in the public sector in Denmark. We collect and report data using Seeking, Engaging with, and Evaluation Research (SEER) methodology. Policymakers are reported to have research capacity, but it is questionable how those competences have actually been used in policymaking. Decision-makers were often not aware or did not know about the existing organizational tools and systems for research engagement and use and two third of respondents had not been part of any research activities or had any collaboration with researchers. Overall, research use in public health policymaking and evaluation was limited. As a conclusion, we propose that capacity-building interventions for increasing research use and collaboration in EIPM should be context-oriented, measurable, and sustainable in developing individual and organizational competences.

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Mari, Jair de Jesus, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Naomar Almeida-Filho, Jerônimo Gerolin, Pratap Sharan y Shekhar Saxena. "Mental health research in Brazil: policies, infrastructure, financing and human resources". Revista de Saúde Pública 40, n.º 1 (febrero de 2006): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102006000100024.

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The objective of this descriptive study was to map mental health research in Brazil, providing an overview of infrastructure, financing and policies mental health research. As part of the Atlas-Research Project, a WHO initiative to map mental health research in selected low and middle-income countries, this study was carried out between 1998 and 2002. Data collection strategies included evaluation of governmental documents and sites and questionnaires sent to key professionals for providing information about the Brazilian mental health research infrastructure. In the year 2002, the total budget for Health Research was US$101 million, of which US$3.4 million (3.4) was available for Mental Health Research. The main funding sources for mental health research were found to be the São Paulo State Funding Agency (Fapesp, 53.2%) and the Ministry of Education (CAPES, 30.2%). The rate of doctors is 1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, and the rate of psychiatrists is 2.7 per 100,000 inhabitants estimated 2000 census. In 2002, there were 53 postgraduate courses directed to mental health training in Brazil (43 in psychology, six in psychiatry, three in psychobiology and one in psychiatric nursing), with 1,775 students being trained in Brazil and 67 overseas. There were nine programs including psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, psychobiology and mental health, seven of them implemented in Southern states. During the five-year period, 186 students got a doctoral degree (37 per year) and 637 articles were published in Institute for Scientic Information (ISI)-indexed journals. The investment channeled towards postgraduate and human resource education programs, by means of grants and other forms of research support, has secured the country a modest but continuous insertion in the international knowledge production in the mental health area.

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Schauer, Gillian L. "Cannabis Policy in the United States: Implications for Public Health". JNCI Monographs 2021, n.º 58 (27 de noviembre de 2021): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jncimonographs/lgab016.

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Abstract Introduction As of January 2021, a total of 36 states and the District of Columbia (DC) have legalized medical cannabis use, and 14 states and DC have legalized adult nonmedical use. This manuscript qualitatively summarizes cannabis policies across states with legal adult use marketplaces. Methods Data are from state laws and regulations, collected through January 2021, and have been verified with state officials as part of ongoing state policy tracking efforts. Results State policies differ in how cannabis products are taxed, where revenues are allocated, restrictions on the types of available products, restrictions on additives and flavors, product packaging and labeling, advertising restrictions, where cannabis can be consumed, and approaches to social equity. Conclusion Timely, accurate, and longitudinal state and local cannabis policy data are needed to understand the implications of legalization. Careful study of policy differences across and within states is warranted, as differences may affect public health and consumer safety.

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Bizarria, Fabiana Pinto de Almeida, Irlane Batista Figueredo, Sara do Nascimento Cavalcante, Eliane Jiliane Duarte da Silva y Flávia Lorenne Sampaio Barbosa. "Políticas Públicas de Saúde para a Juventude - Estudo Bibliométrico e Agenda de Pesquisa com base na Web of Science". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, n.º 10 (octubre de 2022): 3975–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-812320222710.04812022.

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Resumo A pesquisa descreve o campo de estudo sobre políticas de saúde pública para a juventude com suporte em mapas bibliométricos, na perspectiva de apresentar gaps de pesquisa. A partir do perfil exploratório-descritivo, utilizou-se o software VOSviewer, com dados extraídos em outubro de 2021, e os descritores “public”, “youth”, “health” com o conectivo “and”, que resultou em 172 artigos. Foram descritas redes de: coautorias por países; coocorrência por palavras-chave; cocitação por artigo; cocitação por referência citada; acoplamento bibliográfico; cocitação de autores. Os resultados evidenciam um campo interdisciplinar, representado por estudos da área de educação, trabalho social, direito, ciências sociais, com importante recorrência do tema saúde mental, violência, obesidade, bem como discussão sobre uso e abuso de substâncias, como por exemplo, o cigarro. Observam-se debates sobre a configuração social, definida pela ideia de comunidade, bem como sua prevalência e prevenção se apresentam no escopo desses estudos. Por fim, oito temas de agenda de pesquisa são derivados da discussão sobre o crescente movimento para a promoção da saúde como política pública, ao passo que aspectos socioeconômico-culturais se apresentam com maior ênfase, na busca de compreensão sobre impactos desse cenário para a juventude.

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Signorelli, Marcos Claudio, Angela Taft y Pedro Paulo Gomes Pereira. "Domestic violence against women, public policies and community health workers in Brazilian Primary Health Care". Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 23, n.º 1 (enero de 2018): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232018231.16562015.

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Abstract Domestic violence creates multiple harms for women's health and is a ‘wicked problem’ for health professionals and public health systems. Brazil recently approved public policies to manage and care for women victims of domestic violence. Facing these policies, this study aimed to explore how domestic violence against women is usually managed in Brazilian primary health care, by investigating a basic health unit and its family health strategy. We adopted qualitative ethnographic research methods with thematic analysis of emergent categories, interrogating data with gender theory and emergent Brazilian collective health theory. Field research was conducted in a local basic health unit and the territory for which it is responsible, in Southern Brazil. The study revealed: 1) a yawning gap between public health policies for domestic violence against women at the federal level and its practical application at local/decentralized levels, which can leave both professionals and women unsafe; 2) the key role of local community health workers, paraprofessional health promotion agents, who aim to promote dialogue between women experiencing violence, health care professionals and the health care system.

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Harootyan, Robert. "PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES OF SIGNIFICANCE IN SOCIAL RESEARCH, POLICY, AND PRACTICE". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (noviembre de 2019): S394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1455.

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Abstract This presentation will cover public policy issues of significance to the aging population, focusing on the perspective of the social research, policy and practice community and on policies that may improve physical and mental health.

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Suk, William A., Michelle L. Heacock, Brittany A. Trottier, Sara M. Amolegbe, Maureen D. Avakian, Danielle J. Carlin, Heather F. Henry, Adeline R. Lopez y Lesley A. Skalla. "Benefits of basic research from the Superfund Research Program". Reviews on Environmental Health 35, n.º 2 (25 de junio de 2020): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2019-0104.

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AbstractThe National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Hazardous Substances Basic Research and Training Program [Superfund Research Program (SRP)] funds transdisciplinary research projects spanning the biomedical and environmental sciences to address issues related to potentially hazardous substances. We used a case study approach to identify how SRP-funded basic biomedical research has had an impact on society. We examined how transdisciplinary research projects from the SRP have advanced knowledge and led to additional clinical, public health, policy, and economic benefits. SRP basic biomedical research findings have contributed to the body of knowledge and influenced a broad range of scientific disciplines. It has informed the development of policies and interventions to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants to improve public health. Research investments by the SRP have had a significant impact on science, health, and society. Documenting the benefits of these investments provides insight into how basic research is translated to real-world applications.

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Muller, Sam H. A., Ghislaine J. M. W. van Thiel, Marilena Vrana, Menno Mostert y Johannes J. M. van Delden. "Patients’ and Publics’ Preferences for Data-Intensive Health Research Governance: Survey Study". JMIR Human Factors 9, n.º 3 (7 de septiembre de 2022): e36797. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/36797.

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Background Patients and publics are generally positive about data-intensive health research. However, conditions need to be fulfilled for their support. Ensuring confidentiality, security, and privacy of patients’ health data is pivotal. Patients and publics have concerns about secondary use of data by commercial parties and the risk of data misuse, reasons for which they favor personal control of their data. Yet, the potential of public benefit highlights the potential of building trust to attenuate these perceptions of harm and risk. Nevertheless, empirical evidence on how conditions for support of data-intensive health research can be operationalized to that end remains scant. Objective This study aims to inform efforts to design governance frameworks for data-intensive health research, by gaining insight into the preferences of patients and publics for governance policies and measures. Methods We distributed a digital questionnaire among a purposive sample of patients and publics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric inferential statistics to compare group differences and explore associations between policy preferences. Results Study participants (N=987) strongly favored sharing their health data for scientific health research. Personal decision-making about which research projects health data are shared with (346/980, 35.3%), which researchers/organizations can have access (380/978, 38.9%), and the provision of information (458/981, 46.7%) were found highly important. Health data–sharing policies strengthening direct personal control, like being able to decide under which conditions health data are shared (538/969, 55.5%), were found highly important. Policies strengthening collective governance, like reliability checks (805/967, 83.2%) and security safeguards (787/976, 80.6%), were also found highly important. Further analysis revealed that participants willing to share health data, to a lesser extent, demanded policies strengthening direct personal control than participants who were reluctant to share health data. This was the case for the option to have health data deleted at any time (P<.001) and the ability to decide the conditions under which health data can be shared (P<.001). Overall, policies and measures enforcing conditions for support at the collective level of governance, like having an independent committee to evaluate requests for access to health data (P=.02), were most strongly favored. This also applied to participants who explicitly stressed that it was important to be able to decide the conditions under which health data can be shared, for instance, whether sanctions on data misuse are in place (P=.03). Conclusions This study revealed that both a positive attitude toward health data sharing and demand for personal decision-making abilities were associated with policies and measures strengthening control at the collective level of governance. We recommend pursuing the development of this type of governance policy. More importantly, further study is required to understand how governance policies and measures can contribute to the trustworthiness of data-intensive health research.

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Furtado, Gil Dutra, Grazielly Diniz Duarte, Flávio Santos Guimarães, Soraya Abrantes Pinto de Brito y Martin Lindsey Christoffersen. "PUBLIC POLICIES AND ANIMAL WELL BEING: A BIBLIOGRAPHIC REVIEW". ENVIRONMENTAL SMOKE 3, n.º 1 (12 de febrero de 2020): 040–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32435/envsmoke.202031040-047.

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The populational control of wandering animals and the well-being of animals are among the non-resolved public policies in Brazil. The lack (or non-application) of educational and punitive laws in the area are some of the reasons for implementing Federal, State, and Municipal Public Policies dealing with this issue. The aim of this literature review is to reflect on the need for developing public policies focused on the surveillance and control of zoonoses in Brazil. By deductive reasoning, associated with bibliographic revision and documental research, we studied the norms, doctrines, and philosophical currents relevant to the area. We provide a brief summary of public policies in general. Next, we approach the concept of unified health, that considers the interdependency between human health, animal health and environmental health. We analyze the judicialization of public policies so that the State and the collectivity observe their duty to guard animals and protect the fauna. In this way, they may indirectly help to protect the human being. We try to enforce the implementation of public policies centered on the protection of animals, of the environment, and of human beings deriving from the concept of unified health.

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Brisson, Julien. "A Critique of O’Byrne’s Understanding of Ethnography and the Politics of Public Health Research". Qualitative Health Research 29, n.º 5 (14 de diciembre de 2018): 739–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732318808802.

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Patrick O’Byrne criticizes the use of ethnography in public health research focused on cultural groups. His main argument is that ethnography disciplines marginalized populations that do not respect the imperative of health. In this article, I argue that O’Byrne has an erroneous understanding of ethnography and the politics of scientific research. My main argument is that a methodology itself cannot discipline individuals. I argue that if data are used as a basis to develop problematic public health policies, the issue is the policies themselves and not the methodology used to collect the data. While O’Byrne discourages researchers from conducting health research like ethnography focused on cultural groups, I argue the exact opposite. This has to do with justice and equity for marginalized communities and the obligation to tailor health services for their specific needs, which may not be the same as those of the general population.

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Smoyer, Amy B., Kim M. Blankenship y Brandis Belt. "Compensation for Incarcerated Research Participants: Diverse State Policies Suggest a New Research Agenda". American Journal of Public Health 99, n.º 10 (octubre de 2009): 1746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.148726.

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Moreira, Carla Regina, Cassia Baldini Soares, Celia Maria Sivalli Campos y Thais Helena Mourão Laranjo. "Harm reduction: trends being disputed in health policies". Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 72, suppl 3 (diciembre de 2019): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2017-0671.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the underlying harm reduction trends in Brazilian drug policies. Method: The research, qualitative in nature, used in-depth interviews with experts in the field. The recorded and transcribed material was analyzed via the content analysis method. Results: The analysis exposed the following conceptions: drug use is a disease, and its associated health practices should be treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration. These conceptions deviate to some extent from the war on drugs approach, and support the adoption of harm-reduction practices, proposed by public health. Less expressively, critical conceptions which clearly distance themselves from the prohibitionist approach and from public health may be seen, in line with the perspective of collective health, for the implementation of emancipatory harm-reduction practices. Final considerations: Harm-reduction conceptions and practices reveal the underlying conservative, liberal, and critical tendencies in Brazilian drug policies.

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Nisa, Zeb-un, Muhammad Ashraf Nadeem y Ghulam Mustafa. "Health Policies Formulation in Pakistan: An Analysis". Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies 7, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2021): 537–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v7i3.1840.

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Objective: A reviewing study of the health policy planning and formulation was initiated which explored the procedure of formulation of health policy and its implementation in Pakistan. The purpose of the study is to learn the procedure of health policy formulation and its implementation and to observe the issues in health system in Pakistan. Methodology: This study on health policy formulation was exploratory in nature. The research design was qualitative. The data was collected through secondary sources which includes research articles published in various journals and available on online sites. Moreover, data was also collected through books written on public policy by some foreign and local authors. Findings: The findings indicates that the planning and policy formation of the health sector in Pakistan is capable at the preparation level but not at the execution level. Implications: This paper recommends overcoming the health-related problems in Pakistan through formulation and implementation of sound, assertive and credible policies.

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Cabanha, Regiane Santana da Conceição Ferreira, Maria Eduarda Wanderley de Barros Silva, Erik Vinicius Barros Guedes, Ana Claudia Rodrigues da Silva, Rodrigo Euripedes da Silveira, Ana Paula Stefanelo e. Silva, Joseanne Maria Xavier de Albuquerque Silva, Paula Regina Rodrigues Salgado, Fagner Carvalho Leite y Rodrigo Daniel Zanoni. "Public health management: integrated approaches to promoting collective health". Concilium 23, n.º 17 (22 de agosto de 2023): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-1849-23m54.

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Public health management can have integrated approaches to the promotion of collective health, in a set of strategies, policies and practices used to manage health services and resources at the public level. This study aims to analyze and discuss what are the main integrated approaches made by public health management to promote public health. This is an integrative literature review, carried out between May and July 2023, in the SciELO, BVS and Google Academico databases. A total of 130 articles were found, after screening with the criteria defined by the research, only 10 studies were selected to compose the final sample. Public health is a field that deals with issues related to the health of the general population, rather than focusing only on isolated individuals, so several elements constitute the success of health management. It is concluded that the main approaches are related to education, training and health promotion, access and quality of health services, disease prevention and monitoring, research and partnerships.

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Freudenberg, Nicholas. "Public Health Advocacy to Change Corporate Practices: Implications for Health Education Practice and Research". Health Education & Behavior 32, n.º 3 (junio de 2005): 298–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1090198105275044.

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Corporate practices, such as advertising, public relations, lobbying, litigation, and sponsoring scientific research, have a significant impact on the health of the people in the United States. Recently, health professionals and advocates have created a new scope of practice that aims to modify corporate practices that harm health. This article describes how corporate policies influence health and reviews recent health campaigns aimed at changing corporate behavior in six industries selected for their central role in the U.S. economy and their influence on major causes of mortality and morbidity. These are the alcohol, automobile, food, gun, pharmaceutical, and tobacco industries. The article defines corporate disease promotion and illustrates the range of public health activities that have emerged to counter such corporate behaviors. It analyzes the role of health professionals, government, and advocacy groups in these campaigns and assesses the implications of this domain for health education practice and research.

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Vine, Michelle M., Kate Mulligan, Rachel Harris y Jennifer L. Dean. "The Impact of Health Geography on Public Health Research, Policy, and Practice in Canada". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 18 (9 de septiembre de 2023): 6735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186735.

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The link between geography and health means that the places we occupy—where we are born, where we live, where we work, and where we play—have a direct impact on our health, including our experiences of health. A subdiscipline of human geography, health geography studies the relationships between our environments and the impact of factors that operate within those environments on human health. Researchers have focused on the social and physical environments, including spatial location, patterns, causes of disease and related outcomes, and health service delivery. The work of health geographers has adopted various theories and philosophies (i.e., positivism, social interactionism, structuralism) and methods to collect and analyze data (i.e., quantitative, qualitative, spatial analysis) to examine our environments and their relationship to health. The field of public health is an organized effort to promote the health of its population and prevent disease, injury, and premature death. Public health agencies and practitioners develop programs, services, and policies to promote healthy environments to support and enable health. This commentary provides an overview of the recent landscape of health geography and makes a case for how health geography is critically important to the field of public health, including examples from the field to highlight these links in practice.

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Unger, Jennifer B., Frank J. Chaloupka, Donna Vallone, James F. Thrasher, Destiney S. Nettles, Tabitha P. Hendershot y Gary E. Swan. "PhenX: Environment measures for Tobacco Regulatory Research". Tobacco Control 29, Suppl 1 (enero de 2020): s35—s42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054469.

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ObjectiveA Working Group (WG) of tobacco regulatory science experts identified measures for the tobacco environment domain.MethodsThis article describes the methods by which measures were identified, selected, approved and placed in the PhenX Toolkit.FindingsThe WG identified 20 initial elements relevant to tobacco regulatory science and determined whether they were already in the PhenX Toolkit or whether novel or improved measures existed. In addition to the 10 complementary measures already in the Toolkit, the WG recommended 13 additional measures: aided and confirmed awareness of televised antitobacco advertising, interpersonal communication about tobacco advertising, media use, perceived effectiveness of antitobacco advertising, exposure to smoking on television and in the movies, social norms about tobacco (for adults and for youth), worksite policies, youth cigarette purchase behaviours and experiences, compliance with cigarette packaging and labelling policies, local and state tobacco control public policies, and neighbourhood-level racial/ethnic composition. Supplemental measures included youth social capital and compliance with smoke-free air laws and with point of sale and internet tobacco marketing restrictions. Gaps were identified in the areas of policy environment (public and private), communications environment, community environment and social environment (ie, the norms/acceptability of tobacco use).ConclusionsConsistent use of these tobacco environment measures will enhance rigor and reproducability of tobacco research.

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Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo. "National Institute of Public Health/School of Public Health of Mexico: contributions to social equity and knowledge-based public policies". Salud Pública de México 64, n.º 6, nov-dic (23 de noviembre de 2022): 612–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21149/14346.

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The School of Public Health of Mexico (ESPM, in Spanish), was founded on March 23, 1922, several years after the creation of the first schools of public health in the United States of America (USA), such as Johns Hopkins in 1916 and those ofHarvard, Yale, and Columbia, among others. The Escuela de Salubridad, as the ESPM was initially called, was the first of its kind in Latin America and the fifth in the world; thus, it was responsible for providing the first public health degrees inMexico to medical health officers and other higher education diplomas in the fields of hygiene and public health. Several years after its own founding, in 1987, the ESPM co-founded the National Institute of Public Health (INSP, in Spanish) which to date continues to be the organization in which the ESPM is housed. Since the ESPM merged with the INSP, research and human resources training have been considered necessary processes for initiating and strengthening structural change in the field of health at the national and regional levels. As part ofits centennial, the ESPM is committed to the continued expansion of its future perspective through the restructuring of its academic programs; this is a process in which the instilling of values, a unified curriculum based on public health, a flexible educational model and social commitment are fundamental. Key words: Public Health, Public Health School of Mexico, social equity and education.

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Cassiani, Silvia Helena De Bortoli, Alessandra Bassalobre-Garcia y Ludovic Reveiz. "Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage: identification of nursing research priorities in Latin America". Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 23, n.º 6 (20 de octubre de 2015): 1195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.1075.2667.

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Objective: To estabilish a regional list for nursing research priorities in health systems and services in the Region of the Americas based on the concepts of Universal Access to Health and Universal Health Coverage. Method: five-stage consensus process: systematic review of literature; appraisal of resulting questions and topics; ranking of the items by graduate program coordinators; discussion and ranking amongst a forum of researchers and public health leaders; and consultation with the Ministries of Health of the Pan American Health Organization's member states. Results: the resulting list of nursing research priorities consists of 276 study questions/ topics, which are sorted into 14 subcategories distributed into six major categories: 1. Policies and education of nursing human resources; 2. Structure, organization and dynamics of health systems and services; 3. Science, technology, innovation, and information systems in public health; 4. Financing of health systems and services; 5. Health policies, governance, and social control; and 6. Social studies in the health field. Conclusion: the list of nursing research priorities is expected to serve as guidance and support for nursing research on health systems and services across Latin America. Not only researchers, but also Ministries of Health, leaders in public health, and research funding agencies are encouraged to use the results of this list to help inform research-funding decisions.

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