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1
Tucker, Andrew James y n/a. "Visual space attention in three-dimensional space". Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20070301.085637.
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Current models of visual spatial attention are based on the extent to which attention can
be allocated in 2-dimensional displays. The distribution of attention in 3-dimensional
space has received little consideration. A series of experiments were devised to explore
the apparent inconsistencies in the literature pertaining to the allocation of spatial
attention in the third dimension. A review of the literature attributed these
inconsistencies to differences and limitations in the various methodologies employed, in
addition to the use of differing attentional paradigms. An initial aim of this thesis was
to develop a highly controlled novel adaptation of the conventional robust covert
orienting of visual attention task (COVAT) in depth defined by either binocular
(stereoscopic) or monocular cues. The results indicated that attentional selection in the
COVAT is not allocated within a 3-dimensional representation of space. Consequently,
an alternative measure of spatial attention in depth, the overlay interference task, was
successfully validated in a different stereoscopic depth environment and then
manipulated to further examine the allocation of attention in depth. Findings from the
overlay interference experiments indicated that attentional selection is based on a
representation that includes depth information, but only when an additional feature can
aid 3D selection. Collectively, the results suggest a dissociation between two paradigms
that are both purported to be measures of spatial attention. There appears to be a further
dissociation between 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional attentional selection in both
paradigms for different reasons. These behavioural results, combined with recent
electrophysiological evidence suggest that the temporal constraints of the 3D COVAT
paradigm result in early selection based predominantly on retinotopic spatial
coordinates prior to the complete construction of a 3-dimensional representation. Task
requirements of the 3D overlay interference paradigm, on the other hand, while not
being restricted by temporal constraints, demand that attentional selection occurs later,
after the construction of a 3-dimensional representation, but only with the guidance of a
secondary feature. Regardless of whether attentional selection occurs early or late,
however, some component of selection appears to be based on viewer-centred spatial
coordinates.
2
Parker, Margaret Ina y margaret_p@optusnet com au. "Landscape Painting: Connection, Perception and Attention". La Trobe University. Visual arts and design, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20080225.113947.
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I investigate the lived experience, the actuality of responding to land as a painter. This thesis consists of intensive investigations in the field and further exploration in the studio, resulting in a body of paintings and drawings which form the exhibition. The exegesis explores theories and ideas surrounding the work. The psychological engagement between people, land and art is of major concern. The choice of place selected to paint and the subject matter of rocks is discussed. Painters who work outside or have painted at the same site are considered for comparison with my working methods or concerns. The selective view is intimate. The format of the image and the composition are discussed in terms of proximity and space.
Consideration of the psychology of engagement with land and landscape painting, either as an observer or painter, is a major component of the research. This examination of human psychological development illuminates the origin of our sense of self and how we relate to the land on which we live. The premise of this enquiry is the idea that art and culture could reflect human psychological development. Do art objects contribute to cultural understanding of the relationship of person to environment? A phenomenological perspective is incorporated in this exploration of the interrelation of vision, perception and attention. Can the reality of experience be transferred into the art work? The deep attention to the landscape of Australian Aboriginal people serves as a cultural reference for these investigations.
This study concludes that sentient consciousness involving responsibility for land is an open, effective way of perceiving and depicting landscape. Responsibility for land can be encouraged by the development of cultural ideas based around landscape and can be the result of feeling connected to land. Art can contribute to changes in attitudes to land.
3
Tucker, Andrew James. "Visual space attention in three-dimensional space". Australasian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070301.085637/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. "March 2006". Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-173).
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Parker, Margaret Ina. "Landscape painting : connection, perception and attention /". Access full text, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au/thesis/public/adt-LTU20080225.113947/index.html.
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Thesis (M.Visual Arts) -- La Trobe University, 2006.Research. "An exegesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Visual Arts by Research, School of Visual Arts and Design, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-92). Also available via the World Wide Web.
5
Grafton, Kathryn. "Paying attention to public readers of Canadian literature : popular genre systems, publics, and canons". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27707.
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Paying Attention to Public Readers of Canadian Literature examines contemporary moments when Canadian literature has been canonized in the context of popular reading
programs. I investigate the canonical agency of public readers who participate in these programs: readers acting in a non-professional capacity who speak and write publicly
about their reading experiences. I argue that contemporary popular canons are discursive spaces whose constitution depends upon public readers. My work resists the common
critique that these reading programs and their canons produce a mass of readers who read the same work at the same time in the same way.
To demonstrate that public readers are canon-makers, I offer a genre approach to contemporary canons that draws upon literary and new rhetorical genre theory. I contend
in Chapter One that canons are discursive spaces comprised of public literary texts and public texts about literature, including those produced by readers. I study the intertextual dynamics of canons through Michael Warner’s theory of publics and Anne Freadman’s
concept of “uptake.” Canons arise from genre systems that are constituted to respond to exigencies readily recognized by many readers, motivating some to participate. I argue that public readers’ agency lies in the contingent ways they select and interpret a literary
work while taking up and instantiating a canonizing genre.
Subsequent chapters examine the genre systems of three reading programs: One Book, One Vancouver, a public book club; Canada Reads, a celebrity “book brawl”; and The Complete Booker, an online reading challenge. Chapter Two explores how a reading public and canon are called forth by organizers and participants of the One Book, One Vancouver genre system. Chapter Three analyzes public readers’ collective literary selection within the canonizing genre of the Canada Reads brawl. Chapter Four
investigates how participants in The Complete Booker genre system instantiate the canon of the Man Booker Prize in ways that construct distinct subject positions of public readers who can evaluate the Canadian Booker winners in meaningful ways for their imagined public. My conclusion proposes that paying attention to public readers offers us new insights into reading as shared practice and Canadian literature.
6
Farrow, Maree J. y maree farrow@med monash edu au. "Brain electrical activity topography in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Swinburne University of Technology, 2003. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050406.141958.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood psychiatric disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattentiveness, impulsivity and hyperactivity. Current theories of ADHD cite evidence from neuropsychological and brain imaging studies suggesting that abnormalities in the structure and function of the frontal lobes and connected brain regions are associated with impaired behavioural inhibition, constituting the primary deficit in ADHD. While most reviewers conclude that neuropsychological studies have failed to find specific deficits in various aspects of attention in ADHD, poor performance on attentional tasks, including the continuous performance task (CPT), is a common finding and previous electrophysiological studies suggest evidence of impaired attentional processing. This study aimed to investigate the cortical activity associated with attentional processes in children with and without ADHD, using steady-state probe topography (SSPT). Seventeen boys diagnosed with ADHD and seventeen age matched control boys participated. Changes in the amplitude and latency of the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) associated with correct responses to targets in the �X� and �AX� versions of the CPT were examined. At critical time points in both tasks, the control group demonstrated SSVEP changes suggesting increased activation and increased speed of neural processing. These effects occurred predominantly in medial frontal, right prefrontal, right parietal and occipital regions, suggesting enhanced activity in regions previously shown to be involved in attentional processes. The ADHD group demonstrated much smaller increases in activation and processing speed in frontal regions and predominantly reduced activation and slower processing in parieto-occipital regions. Group differences suggesting reduced activity in the ADHD group were observed in response to the presentation of both cues and targets, as well as in the intervals leading up to target presentation, especially in the cued CPT-AX. These results suggest that processing of task relevant stimuli as well as preparatory and motor processes may be associated with dysfunctional activation of brain networks of attention in ADHD, involving deficits in both frontal and parietal cortical regions. These regions may also be involved in the maintenance of information required for correct task performance and the results also suggest possible deficits in these processes in ADHD. The findings are consistent with others of reduced activation and cognitive deficits in ADHD involving these brain regions and networks, and with the idea that ADHD may be associated with a diminished ability to regulate levels of arousal and activation appropriate to task demands.
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Vallejo, Samudio Álvaro Roberto y Arévalo Martha Isabel Córdoba. "Treatments and attention". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100851.
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Sexual abuse mainly affects children of both genders and women, with serious consequences for the victims and their familial and the social environment. This article traces available literature on the actions on the part of public health systems in some countries, aimed at supporting survivors of sexual abuse. It also examines the most recommended psychological treatments for repairing the mental health of victims. Sexual abuse in developing countries should be a public safety issue, more so in Colombia, where rape of women is a weapon of war used by players in sociopolitical violence.El abuso sexual afecta fundamentalmente a niños de cualquier género y mujeres, dejando graves secuelas en las víctimas, y en su medio familiar y social. Este artículo rastrea las publicaciones disponibles en materia de acciones encaminadas al apoyo de sobrevivientes de abuso sexual, por parte de los sistemas de salud pública en algunos países, y los tratamientos de origen psicológico más recomendados para la reparación de la salud mental de las víctimas.El abuso sexual en países en desarrollo debe ser un asunto de seguridad pública, más aun en Colombia, donde la violación de mujeres es una arma de guerra usada por los actores de la violencia sociopolítica
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Dunn, Evelyn Denise. "The Impact of Congressional Attention and Policy Mood on Public Health Funding". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6552.
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Congressional appropriations for federal public health agencies are subjected to external factors throughout the congressional appropriations process, resulting in fluctuations in funding. Recent literature has focused on externals factors, such as political attention and public attitudes, that could influence government funding levels; however, the impact of these factors on federal public health funding was not addressed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between these external factors and federal public health appropriations. A quantitative study was used to examine congressional attention, policy mood, and the influence on the change in the level of federal public health appropriation during fiscal years 1947-2015. The theoretical framework for this study was based on the punctuated equilibrium theory. The population of this study included 68 years of time series data and analyzed using bivariate linear regression to determine the relationship between the independent variables of congressional hearing days and the policy mood scores and the dependent variable of federal public health appropriations. The results of the regression models indicated that congressional hearings days and policy mood scores did not have a statically significant effect on the change in the level of public health appropriations. Policy implications include informing public health officials and advocacy groups targeting public health messages to Congress that focus on increasing resources to targeted programs. Social change implications include informing health officials in planning congressional outreach and appropriations strategies, which can be used to improve the implementation of public health programs benefiting the community and promoting positive social change.
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Arvidsson, Andrea. "Meditation, attention and the brain: function, structure and attentional performance". Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-15908.
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Meditation has been practiced around the world for thousands of years and has during the past decade become increasingly popular in the Western world. Meditation can be seen as a form of mental exercise and refers to a family of complex emotional and attentional regulatory practices that involves different attentional, cognitive monitoring and awareness processes. Clinical research on meditation has demonstrated that meditation seem to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression. Recent interest in how meditation affect the human brain and body have lead to an increase in research regarding the neural correlates of meditation, structural changes induced by meditation, and the potential attentional and emotional benefits mediated by meditation. This thesis investigates expert related changes in neural activity, brain structure, and attentional performance induced by focused attention meditation (FAM) and open monitoring meditation (OMM). The research on meditation and the brain is still in its infancy but despite this, there seem to be some converging evidence of meditation’s impact on the human brain and mind. The results from the included studies in this thesis indicates that expert meditators show greater activation in some meditation related brain areas, as well as less activation in other areas when compared to novice meditators. The results also suggest that long-term meditation practice induce some structural changes in the brain and that meditation seem to enhance the practitioners’ attentional control.
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Pace, Steven. "Understanding the flow experiences of Web users /". View thesis entry in Australian Digital Theses Program, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20041208.134847/index.html.
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Teed, Jennifer. "Public school principals' level of awareness and implementation of general education accommodations for students with ADHD". Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998teedj.pdf.
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Harrison, Benjamin James y habj@unimelb edu au. "Functional imaging studies of executive-attention in humans comparing healthy subjects & patients with neuropsychiatric disorders". Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060227.101116.
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One of the major goals of cognitive neuroscience is to better understand the psychological and
neural bases of human executive-attention. Executive or supervisory attention refers to a collection
of higher-order cognitive functions whose primary contribution to behavior is to support controlled
information processing and action. The capacity to control attention is essential for our adaptive
interaction with the environment because it allows flexibility in our responses to ever changing
situational contexts and demands. Executive-attention processes therefore play a unique role in
shaping the human experience.
Use of three-dimensional functional neuroimaging has fast become the empirical standard for
investigating how executive-attention is implemented in the human brain. Most recently, emphasis
has been placed on the use of these techniques to parse discrete components of a putative neural
network relating to action-monitoring and cognitive control processes of the medial and lateral
prefrontal cortex. This work has relied heavily on the use of popular experimental paradigms such
as the Stroop task and their unique capacity to challenge such processes in humans. These tasks
have also been especially useful for conceptualizing the nature of higher-cognitive dysfunction in
complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia.
The focus of this thesis concerns a novel application of the Stroop paradigm and functional imaging
approach to examine executive-attention performance in healthy subjects and patients with
schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. On one hand, this work aimed to address
current ideas on the nature of executive-control mechanisms and how they may be compromised in
these two common psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, this work aimed to examine important
conceptual and methodological issues associated with functional imaging approaches to the study
of higher-cognition and cognitive psychopathology in humans.
In line with connectionist models of executive-attention phenomena, the first study in this thesis
investigated the effects of task practice on a larger-scale neurocognitive network associated with
performance of the Stroop task in healthy subjects. This study involved the use of a novel methodological approach to model physiological covariances or ?functional connectivity? in PET
data, which generated previously unseen and interesting insights into the neural basis of Stroop
phenomena, whilst complimenting existing ideas on the role of the anterior cingulate and lateral
prefrontal cortex in mediating executive-control functions. These findings were then extended to a
comparative study of patients with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study
largely corroborated previous reports of prefrontal executive dysfunction in schizophrenia,
although patients also showed evidence for a compensatory strengthening of connectivity in a
fronto-parietal network that accompanied task practice. This finding has important implications for
existing models of higher-cognitive dysfunction and abnormal brain integration in schizophrenia.
For patients with OCD compared to healthy subjects, performance of the Stroop task evoked a
pattern of abnormal connectivity among predominantly corticostriatal regions, including a
previously reported hyperfunction of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. While this latter result
has been linked to a specific disturbance of action-monitoring in patients with OCD, the current
study suggests that this may map onto a more extensive corticostriatal network abnormality in line
with current theoretical models of this illness.
One caveat raised in the first study of patients with schizophrenia concerned the effects of illnesschronicity
and medication on functional imaging studies of higher-cognition and prefrontal
function in schizophrenia. To address this, a second clinical study was undertaken in patients with
a first-episode of schizophrenia (diagnosis confirmed at follow-up) who were examined before and
after commencing antipsychotic treatment. Overall, the findings from this study support the idea of
trait-like disturbances of prefrontal executive function in schizophrenia; however, they also
suggested that aspects of this disturbance may be specific to the critical, early stage of illness -
implicating progressive changes with illness chronicity and/or treatment intervention. These
findings are discussed in relation to the developmental context of cognitive psychopathology in
schizophrenia.
13
Bravo-Lillo, Cristian. "Improving Computer Security Dialogs| An Exploration of Attention and Habituation". Thesis, Carnegie Mellon University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3690479.
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Computer dialogs communicate important security messages, but their excessive use has produced habituation: a strong tendency by computer users to ignore security dialogs. Unlike physical warnings, whose design and use is regulated by law and based on years of research, computer security dialogs are often designed in an arbitrary manner. We need scientific solutions to produce dialogs that users will heed and understand.
Currently, we lack an understanding of the factors that drive users’ attention to security dialogs, and how to counteract habituation. Studying computer security behavior is difficult because a) users are more likely to expose themselves to risk in a lab experiment than in daily life, b) the size of observed effects is usually very small, which makes it necessary to collect many observations, and c) it is complex to balance research interests and the ethical duty not to harm.
My thesis makes two contributions: a novel methodology to study behavioral responses to security dialogs in a realistic, ethical way with high levels of ecological validity, and a novel technique to increase and retain attention to security dialogs, even in the presence of habituation.
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Cen, Ling. "Information, market sentiment and corporate finance : the role of investors' attention /". View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?FINA%202008%20CEN.
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Weber, Darren Lee y darrenleeweber@gmail com. "EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL INDICES OF ATTENTION AND MEMORY IN POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER". Flinders University. Psychology, 2004. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20070702.080042.
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Background Previous reports of abnormal auditory N2 and P3 event-related potentials (ERPs) suggest impaired discrimination, evaluation or context updating for infrequent target stimuli in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examines each of these processes by investigating high-resolution ERP topography during target detection for visual word stimuli.
Method ERPs were recorded at 124 electrodes from 10 PTSD patients and 10 matched controls. Target detection tasks comprised blocks of equally probable red and blue words, with low probability target events. Detection of fixed target words in one color provided the basis for measurement of selective attention for color, stimulus evaluation and target detection processing. Alternative task instructions, with the same stimuli, required detection of any consecutive word repeats in an attended color, which demands working memory updating for nontarget words. Comparison of attended non-target words from each task indicates the extra activity for updating working memory representations of target attributes. Thus, specific condition comparisons provide measures of stimulus discrimination and evaluation, working memory updating and target detection.
Results PTSD patients had slower and less accurate motor responses in both tasks, with greater inaccuracy during the variable target task. There was abnormal ERP activity in PTSD at 200-300 ms in the left posterior temporal region during stimulus discrimination and target recognition. During evaluation of attended non-target words, PTSD patients demonstrate deficits in frontal and parietal regions at 400-500 ms. During working memory updating, at 400-600 ms, there was a delay in frontal activation, followed by smaller activity in parietal areas in PTSD. During target word recognition, PTSD patients demonstrate deficits in frontal activity, with greater occipital and parietal activity.
Conclusions These findings indicate impaired evaluation and integration of new information in working memory. In particular, the results suggest failure in frontal executive systems, with greater dependence on visual processing for effective target detection. The current findings are consistent with neuropsychology studies that identify deficits of attention and memory for verbal information in PTSD. This study provides insight into the temporal components of attention and working memory in PTSD. It is proposed that working memory deficits arise from disruption to synchronized activity in distributed networks engaged in working memory processes.
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Awatefe, Helen Agatha. "Childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A stress factor for African immigrant mothers". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2110.
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Children between the ages of 6-17 years suffering from childhood attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) need constant attention as they are more likely to be accident proned, hospitalized, disruptive, and educationally challenged. The constant attention required for children with ADHD may impose stress on mothers and primary caregivers, yet this stress has not been sufficiently studied. The objective of this study was to fill a gap in literature by studying the stress experienced by African immigrant mothers living in the United States who are living with and caring for a child with ADHD, and then comparing the level of stress reported by African immigrant mothers and African American mothers caring for children with and without ADHD. The study had a quantitative, case-control design, and used the parental stress index-short form (PSI-SF) and a 9-item demographic questionnaire as the survey instruments. One hundred twenty-five African immigrant and African American mothers participated in the study. Data collected from the mothers were analyzed for descriptive. ANOVA and Regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 21. The results showed that African immigrant mothers caring for a child with ADHD had significantly higher stress levels than those not caring for a child with ADHD. African American mothers also caring for a child with ADHD had significantly higher stress than African American mothers not caring for a child with ADHD. African immigrant mothers caring for a child with ADHD had significantly lower stress than African American mothers caring for a child with ADHD. These findings may initiate interventions that would help mothers provide quality care of life for themselves and for their children suffering form ADHD.
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Taylor, Shelly Ann y n/a. "Social functioning of children and adolescents with ADHD : communication functioning and social problem solving as possible underlying mechanisms". University of Otago. Department of Psychology, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090819.110407.
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Children and young people with ADHD often experience social difficulties, which are associated with poor psychological, behavioural, and academic outcomes. As yet, underlying mechanisms of poor social functioning are unknown. The social functioning of fifty-two children (M = 14.13 years) who had been diagnosed with ADHD four years previously and their matched controls were assessed using several measures: the ratings of parents/guardians and teachers, and children's self-reports; a conversation task; the Otago Social Dilemma Test. Analyses were conducted for the whole sample plus a Socially-Impaired subgroup (clinically significant social problems), and a Persistent-ADHD subgroup (continued to meet DSM-IV ADHD criteria).
First we compared the social functioning of children in the ADHD group with that of children in the control group by analysing the questionnaire responses of parents/guardians, teachers, and children's self-reports. Children in the ADHD group and Socially-Impaired sub-group were rated as experiencing more social problems and having fewer social skills than control children, across all informants. Children also estimated their own popularity, and despite experiencing social difficulties, no differences in children's popularity ratings were observed between children in the ADHD group and control group.
Given that children in the ADHD group showed social difficulties, we investigated whether these deficits were driven by children's conversation skills. Children engaged in a 15-minute conversation with an adult confederate. The frequency of conversation skills were coded and analysed. Across all groups, ADHD children asked more questions, were less likely to offer extended information in response to a question, and were more likely to make at least one unco-operative statement. The number of extended verbal responses accounted for a significant amount of the variance in participants' social skills. Overall, however, the conversations of children with and without ADHD were remarkably similar. It appears, therefore, that it may be language style that influences social difficulties.
Next we investigated a second mechanism that might account for social difficulties observed in children with ADHD; social problem solving skills. Children completed the Otago Social Dilemma Test, which involved viewing vignettes of social dilemmas and generating possible solutions to these problems. Children in the ADHD group provided poorer descriptions and showed less understanding of the problems portrayed. Although the ADHD participants were able to generate a similar number of solutions to the social problems as the children in the Control group, they made poorer decisions about what was the 'best solution'. ADHD participants' choice for best solution significantly added to a model of their social problems, even after IQ and severity of inattentive symptoms had been added.
Taken together, the present study supports research showing that children with ADHD experience social difficulties, but they may lack insight into the effect of their behaviour on their status among peers. Children's conversation and their problem solving abilities may be factors influencing poor social functioning. Interventions that focus on teaching children to recognise social cues and generate appropriate solutions to social dilemmas may be beneficial.
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Vassos, Maria Vicky y maria vassos@gmail com. "An exploration of the psychometric properties of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style and its ability to predict athletic injury". RMIT University. Health Science, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091027.094350.
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This thesis presents two studies that are concerned with evaluating the psychometric properties of the revised version of the Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS; Nideffer, 1976) - the TAIS2 (Nideffer, n.d.). The original TAIS has many psychometric weaknesses but the revised version was developed in an attempt to rectify the problems of the original. The aim of Study One was to explore the internal consistency and construct validity of the TAIS2 attention subscales. These psychometric properties were evaluated on a sample of 119 undergraduate students who completed the TAIS2 along with measures of anxiety and the
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Beck, Robert Drew. "The Speaking Cognitions and Attention Scale: An Empirically-Derived Measure of Public Speaking Anxiety". OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/221.
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Although public speaking anxiety is one of the most commonly reported causes of both clinical and non-clinical anxiety, many of the currently used questionnaire measures of public speaking anxiety do not reflect the advances made in recent decades regarding empirical methods of test construction, including item generation and determination of subscale composition. The current study administered 35 empirically-generated cognitive self-statement items related to speaking anxiety to a sample of 367 undergraduate students along with measures of public speaking anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, generalized social anxiety behaviors, and self-consciousness tendencies. Using exploratory factor analysis and item-total correlations, participant responses to the 35 self-statement items were examined, producing the 30-item Speaking Cognitions and Attention Scale (SCAS). Data indicated that in the current sample the SCAS displayed a three-factor solution, with factors composed of items reflecting positive self-statements, negative self-statements, and catastrophic self-statements. The scale also demonstrated excellent internal reliability, with alphas in the range of .90 to .97. Discriminant validity analyses supported the specificity of the measure in measuring public speaking anxiety by correlating highly with another measure of speaking anxiety, at a moderate level with measures of general social anxiety, and at a small level with a measure of self-consciousness with no theoretical relationship to speaking anxiety. Results are discussed with respect to implications of the current findings for questionnaire measurement of public speaking anxiety, needed future directions in further validation of the measure, and potential applications for treatment of public speaking anxiety.
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Bayliss, Donna. "The relationship between working memory and inhibition the influence of working memory load on the interference and negative priming effects involved in selective attention /". Access electronically, 2003. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20031126.142250/index.html.
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Wisdorf, T. Maria. "Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder knowledge and perceptions of elementary school teachers /". Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594479821&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Purnell, Melissa T. y n/a. "Sleep, alertness, performance and fatigue management in extended duration and irregular night shift workers". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20061030.085607.
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Extended duration and irregularly planned overnight shifts are becoming frequent features of current working time arrangements. However, there is great concern about the detrimental effect that these shifts are likely to have on the sleep, performance and fatigue levels of workers. To date, the empirical evidence regarding the effects of extended and irregular overnight shifts is sparse and workers have rarely been followed up longer term to assess possible changes over time. Because these types of overnight shifts are being introduced into transport settings such as aviation and shipping where safe and productive operations are paramount, there is a real imperative to examine and trial workplace-based methods aimed at counteracting night shift related fatigue and performance deficits. Taking short duration naps on the nightshift at work is one potential countermeasure that has shown promise in the laboratory but has yet to be examined in any real-world setting under conditions of extended duration or irregular night work. This thesis takes up these issues in a series of four empirical workplace-based studies.
The impact of the introduction of regularly planned 12 h day and overnight shifts was examined on three occasions via questionnaire in a group of aircraft maintenance engineers, once before the change, and twice after the change from 8 h shifts. The results showed that high levels of acute fatigue on the 12 h night shifts and high chronic fatigue levels were common, and were strongly associated with poor overall job performance, poor safety of job performance, and longer recovery times, effects that persisted over time. Of major concern was the finding that over half of the engineers reported having nodded off while driving home from their extended overnight shifts. The impact of irregularly planned 8 h overnight shifts worked by cargo handlers in a shipping container terminal was also examined via self-report questionnaire. The findings revealed significant detrimental impacts on sleep, fatigue levels and performance at work. High fatigue levels were strongly associated with poor self-rated performance output and safety of performance at work on the overnight shifts.
The primary focus of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of a scheduled 20 min nap opportunity taken in these two fully operational workplaces during the night shift on sleep, performance and alertness. Sleep was achieved by 50 to 59% of workers. Speed of performance in 24 male aircraft maintenance engineers on a vigilance task was significantly faster at the end of a 12 h overnight shift that had contained sleep during the nap compared to the control condition. There was no such effect of the nap on the performance of 22 cargo handlers working impromptu 8 h shifts in a shipping container terminal. However, the duration of sleep obtained by the 8 h workers was shorter in comparison and was likely to have been undermined by the high noise levels around the nap facility and time pressures related to the organisation of work. Actigraphy data recorded from all subjects showed that subsequent daytime sleep was not disrupted by the night shift nap opportunity. Overall, the most interesting findings were that simply being tired and presented with a sleep opportunity during the night shift did not guarantee either sleep, or recovery but that sleep, as opposed to rest, was necessary for the benefits to performance to be fully realised.
These findings have shown for the first time that management of fatigue associated with extended duration night work can be achieved in some instances by the use of a short duration nap taken in the workplace on the night shift. However, operationalizing in-situ napping on the night shift has a range of organisational influences that must be considered for the potential of such a strategy to be fully harnessed.
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Weyh, Pamela. "An Examination of Social Work Students’ Knowledge of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2004. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/734.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Social Work
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Gleeson, Margaret McDonnell. "Language learning and life processes /". View thesis View thesis, 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030514.092005/index.html.
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Thesis (M. Sc. of Soc. Ecology (Hons.))--University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1997."Submitted as partial requirement for Master of Science (Hons.) Social Ecology, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, 1997." Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-170).
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Neophytou, Koula y res cand@acu edu au. "ADHD, a Social Construct? The Experience of families who have a child diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences, 2004. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp52.29082005.
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The diagnosis of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has increased over the last few years in Australia. ADHD is currently understood largely through a medical perspective, and in that context, the treatment recommended is stimulant medication. ADHD is a mental health label given to children who exhibit challenging behaviour. These children are diagnosed according to the categories stated in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM) – IV. To date, there is no medical test children can undertake to show that they ‘have’ ADHD. This research focuses on an alternative view of ADHD. Focussing upon families’ experience of ADHD, and the medicalisation of children’s behaviour, it argues that behaviour is socially influenced and constructed. It is because insufficient attention has been given to the family experience and the social implications of ADHD, that the child is often seen as ‘the problem’. The gap in our understanding of ADHD is situated in our understanding of the broader social context. To challenge this I will explore perceptions of the ‘good child’, ‘good mothers’ and the social consequences of inappropriate behaviour. Each family was interviewed five times every three months over a two-year period. Their stories and experiences are presented in this thesis.
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Smith, Anastasia L. "School psychologists and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder : a survey of training, knowledge, practice, and attitude". Virtual Press, 1999. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1137583.
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The purpose of this study was to determine school psychologists' current level of knowledge about Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), their training and comfort level with that training, their roles and practices in assessing, diagnosing, and treating children and adolescents with ADHD, and their attitudes toward the disorder and those with it. An original survey (see Appendix B) developed for this purpose was distributed to 700 systematically selected members of the National Association of School Psychology (NASP) who were currently practicing in the public schools. A total of 406 usable surveys were returned for a final response rate of 58%.Overall school psychologists are confident in their abilities to deliver services (consultation, assessment, and intervention) to students with ADHD. Respondents underestimated the rate of comorbidity of ADHD with other psychiatric disorders but overestimated the percentage of students with ADHD who also have a learning disability. Respondents most often mentioned diagnosis or identification of the disorder as their goal for assessment of possible ADHD. However, in their rankings of specific goals, respondents ranked the development of appropriate interventions as more important than the diagnosis of the disorder. The most often used standardized tests for ADHD referrals are questionnaires (for parents, teachers, and students) and drawings. Most (57%) school psychologists agreed that they do not determine the diagnosis of ADHD, but rather refer to a medical doctor. A Specific Learning Disability is the most often used special education category for students with ADHD who qualify, followed somewhat closely by Other Health Impaired, then by Emotionally Handicapped. Only 14 percent of the school psychologists surveyed stated that every student with ADHD who did not qualify for special education was considered for accommodations under Section 504. More respondents (83%) agreed that teachers often press to have their problem students diagnosed with ADHD than agreed that parents often press (55%). The majority of respondents (74%) agreed that ADHD is overdiagnosed. However, there was disagreement as to whether stimulant medications were used more often than necessary to treat ADHD. Implications of these findings for school psychologists and for future research are discussed.Department of Educational Psychology
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Kissel, Hannah J. "Urinary Phthalates as Potential Biomarkers for Attention Deficit Disorder and Proposed Dopaminergic Pathway Interactions". University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1533402644802545.
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Brown, Megan Glenn. "Childhood Lead Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5058.
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Lead exposure during childhood is a significant global public health concern as the potential effects of exposure can result in the need for long-term treatment, diminished productivity in society, and financial strain on the health care system. There is strong evidence of a relationship between lead exposure and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, there is a gap in the current literature regarding the relationship between lead exposure and specific symptoms of ADHD and the strength of that relationship. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine and help quantify this relationship. Cohen's d was used as the standardized mean effect size measure for this study, and allowed for comparison of 2 groups on a specific measure. For the final analysis 20 studies were included that provided a comparison between lead exposure and overall ADHD, inattentive, or hyperactive/impulsive symptoms. The magnitude of the effect size of childhood lead exposure on ADHD symptoms was significant and of medium strength. There was significant variability in the research results for inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms, and it was hypothesized that this variability may be due to factors related to lead levels and covariates known to affect ADHD symptoms. Study results may contribute to positive social change by providing health care practitioners with a greater understanding of the effect of childhood lead exposure on ADHD symptoms, which they may use to achieve advancements in prevention and treatment. Improved prevention programs for lead exposure and early identification and treatment of related concerns may decrease negative outcomes, as well as the occurrence of ADHD symptoms on a population level, thus improving public health.
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Raviotta, Benjamin. "Strategies for Developing Individual Education Programs for Public School Music Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Dyslexia". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955082/.
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Strategies for Developing Individual Education Programs for Public School Music Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Dyslexia explores the need for curriculum modifications, accommodations, and remediation techniques for beginner band students with specific learning disorders (SLDs) under the umbrella of Individual Education Programs (IEPs) or 504 plans for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and/or dyslexia. ADHD and dyslexia are the most common of the neurodevelopmental disorders, often affecting a student's ability to stay focused and attentive; remain quiet and well behaved; comprehend written, visual and/or oral instruction; organize thoughts and materials; exhibit good time management; execute fine and gross motor skills; retain and recall information; decode symbols; process information quickly and correctly; maintain healthy, interpersonal relationships; and overcome anxiety. In order to provide inclusive instruction, music educators should understand how to identify these (often comorbid) conditions and the musical challenges these students might encounter, including time/pulse, notation, rhythm, posture, fingerings, and sight-reading. A guide for instrumental directors and private instrumental teachers, "How to Accommodate or Modify Musical Instruction for a Student with ADHD and/or Dyslexia" is included in this dissertation to provide useful information, multisensory techniques, and suggestions to help students with these learning disabilities achieve better success in the music classroom.
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Holland, Aneatra. "Nonprofit Leaders' Strategies in Capturing the Attention of Committed, Large Donors". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3227.
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Few U.S. nonprofit organizations meet annual operational costs. Facing government funding cuts, U.S. nonprofit leaders have had to seek other revenue streams to remain operable and ensure that the clients they serve continue to receive support. Leaders often seek out large donors but lack strategies for successfully doing so. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the strategies successful nonprofit leaders have used to capture the attention of committed, large donors in Southern California. Government failure theory and independence theory constituted the conceptual framework. The purposeful sampling method consisted of 3 nonprofit agency managers who had operated a nonprofit for at least 5 years, while securing a longstanding partnership of large, committed donors. These managers substantiated having met the criteria in having successfully gained committed large donor(s), and operating in a geographic setting with no less than 50,000 residents. Data included participant interviews and company websites. Transcribed data were analyzed by comparing meanings that formulated clusters into themes, and then triangulated across sources to bolster the trustworthiness of interpretations. From these clusters, 5 distinctive themes were identified: cultivating donors, building personal relationships with donors, promoting the mission, understanding relationship contribution, and detailing directly what the donation will accomplish. Findings impact social change by fortifying nonprofits with committed large donors, to reduce need in society, and create greater financial independence within communities.
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Price-Sharps, Jana Leigh. "Symptoms of attention deficit disorder, substance abuse, and comorbid correlates in adolescents". Scholarly Commons, 1999. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2441.
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Information regarding symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) in adolescence is much less prevalent than information about symptoms of this disorder in childhood. Comorbid conditions of ADD such as substance abuse, depression, paranoia and conduct disorder have only been marginally addressed in the literature. Furthermore, these areas, when addressed, have typically been studied in clinical populations referred to practitioners because of severe problems in the home, school or community. It is therefore likely that clinical populations may not represent the incidence of symptoms of ADD and existing comorbid conditions that might be found in non-clinical populations. The present study constituted an examination of symptoms of ADD, substance abuse, and comorbid conditions in a nonreferred adolescent population. Subjects were from a freshman class in a rural mountain area. The 118 subjects that participated in this study were given the Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Adolescent Version (MMPI-A) and the Brown ADD Scales. Subjects were chosen randomly from the first 20 subjects who evidenced elevated symptoms of ADD as indicated on the Brown ADD Scales. An additional 20 subjects who did not have elevated symptoms of ADD were randomly chosen as the control population. The comorbid constellation of symptoms addressed in this study were substance abuse, depression, paranoia and conduct disorder. The results indicated that symptoms of ADD were significantly associated with substance abuse, depression and paranoia in this non-clinical population. Of interest was that Conduct Disorder was not found to be significantly associated with ADD, in this “normal population” although it has been associated with ADD in referred clinical populations. This may point to an important difference in this regard between the general population and those referred for clinical services.
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Hester, Kealey A. "The impact of a cognitive behavioral self-control program on behaviors of children diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26654.
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Medication and psychotherapy have been used traditionally to treat the symptoms of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this research was to evaluate the use of a cognitive behavioural self-control program, Orlick's (1998) Positive-Living Skills (PLS) program on three male children ages 8 to 9-years-old with ADHD.
The PLS program teaches children skills including relaxation, focus and distraction control. A multiple case study method was administered to determine (a) whether the participants enjoyed the PLS programs; (b) the extent to which the skills were implemented by the children on a daily basis; and (c) the effectiveness of the skills in facilitating self-control behaviour management by the participants.
Results indicated that the participants learned relaxation, focus and distraction control skills to manage ADHD behaviours. Two of the three participants were able to generalize the skills to daily life, and the third participant found the skills worked for him, but that he sometimes had difficulty applying the skills independently.
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Pace, Steven y s. pace@cqu edu au. "Understanding the flow experiences of Web users". The Australian National University. Faculty of Economics and Commerce, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20041208.134847.
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This thesis presents a grounded theory of the flow experiences of Web users engaged in information-seeking activities. The term flow refers to a state of consciousness that is sometimes experienced by individuals who are deeply involved in an enjoyable activity. The experience is characterised by some common elements: a balance between the challenges of an activity and the skills required to meet those challenges; clear goals and feedback; concentration on the task at hand; a sense of control; a merging of action and awareness; a loss of self-consciousness; a distorted sense of time; and the autotelic experience.¶ Researchers have recently proposed Csikszentmihalyi's flow theory as a useful framework for understanding the enjoyment experienced by Web users, but they have struggled to operationalise key constructs such as flow and challenge in their quantitative models. This study aimed to address that problem by providing a better understanding of the nature of flow as experienced by Web users engaged in information-seeking activities. The theory that was developed during this study encompasses the following topics:¶
- the role that curiosity and time urgency play in the formation of a Web user's information-seeking goals and subsequent navigation behaviour;¶
- the challenges that Web users face when seeking information, the skills they use in meeting those challenges, and the relationship that exists between challenges and skills;¶
- the important role that focused attention plays in the flow experiences of Web users, elements that help to focus a user's attention, and elements that are distracting; and¶
- various dimensions of the flow experiences of Web users, which include a joy of discovery, a reduced awareness of factors that are irrelevant to the task at hand, a distorted sense of time, a merging of action and awareness, a sense of control, mental alertness, and telepresence.¶
The grounded theory research method that was employed in this study is a primarily inductive investigative process in which the researcher formulates a theory about a phenomenon by systematically gathering and analysing relevant data. The purpose of this research method is building theory, not testing theory. The data that was gathered for this study primarily consisted of semi-structured in-depth interviews with informants of varying gender, age, educational attainments, occupations and Web experience who could recall experiencing flow while using the Web.¶
An important distinction between this study and other investigations into the flow experiences of Web users is the way it goes beyond sheer associations to propose explanations for how and why certain events occur - explanations that are grounded in the data rather than deduced from the literature. This study is the first of its type on this subject, and as such, it provides a useful counterpoint to previous quantitative studies.
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Elliott, Thomas Alan, Edwin Amenta y Neal Caren. "Recipes for Attention: Policy Reforms, Crises, Organizational Characteristics, and the Newspaper Coverage of the LGBT Movement, 1969-2009". WILEY-BLACKWELL, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623033.
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Why do some organizations in a movement seeking social change gain extensive national newspaper coverage? To address the question, we innovate in theoretical and empirical ways. First, we elaborate a theoretical argument that builds from the political mediation theory of movement consequences and incorporates the social organization of newspaper practices. This media and political mediation model integrates political and media contexts and organizations' characteristics and actions. With this model, we hypothesize two main routes to coverage: one that includes changes in public policy and involves policy-engaged, well-resourced, and inclusive organizations and a second that combines social crises and protest organizations. Second, we appraise these arguments with the first analysis of the national coverage of all organizations in a social movement over its career: 84 lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender rights and AIDS-related organizations in the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and Wall Street Journal from 1969 to 2010. These analyses go beyond previous research that provides either snapshots of many organizations at one point in time or overtime analyses of aggregated groups of organizations or individual organizations. The results of both historical and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analyses support our media and political mediation model.
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Jenkinson, Penelope Anne. "Heritage and the public library : the influence and interpretation of heritage in the English public library from 1850 to the present, with particular attention to provision for local studies". Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267448.
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Hlazo, Mthethuvumile. "Housing backlogs in King Sabata Dalindyebo with specific attention to the housing problem at Bongweni Administrative Area in Mthatha". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020976.
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The study investigates problems affecting housing delivery in King Sabatha Dalindyebo Municipality Local Municipality. The housing development in this area is not up to standard. This situation is worse in rural areas where housing projects have been obstructed by lack of infrastructure and other essential services. This is a serious problem that this local municipality is facing; the most vulnerable are the poor, residing in these rural areas. The study has investigated this problem in King Sabatha Dalindyebo Municipality Local Municipality with specific attention to Bongweni Administrative Area in Mthatha. The investigation indicates that there are serious challenges facing housing.
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Prasad, Vibhore. "The epidemiology of injuries in epilepsy and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and young people using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) and linked data". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33216/.
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Background: Injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children and young people (CYP) throughout the world and in the UK. Detailed estimates of the risk of specific injuries, namely fractures, thermal injuries and poisonings, are not available for CYP with specific medical conditions, such as epilepsy or attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the English primary care population. To date there has been no description of the recording of ADHD by general practitioners (GPs) in English primary care according to people’s area-level social deprivation and strategic health authority (SHA) region. Objectives: 1. To define a cohort of CYP with epilepsy from the UK primary care population. 2. To estimate the risk of specific injuries, namely fractures, thermal injuries and poisonings in CYP with epilepsy compared to CYP without epilepsy. 3. To define and describe the cumulative administrative prevalence of ADHD in CYP in English primary care overall and by age, sex, SHA region, deprivation and calendar time. 4. To estimate the risk of specific injuries, namely fractures, thermal injuries and poisonings in CYP with ADHD compared to CYP without ADHD. Methods: This thesis describes work conducted using a large primary care dataset (the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD)) containing GP medical records and, for a proportion, linked hospital records from the hospital episodes statistics (HES) database. Firstly, the CPRD was used to define a cohort of CYP with epilepsy and CYP without epilepsy. The GP medical records for this cohort were used to estimate the risk of fractures, thermal injuries and poisonings, in CYP with epilepsy compared to CYP without epilepsy. The rates of injuries were estimated by age and sex. For a proportion of people in this study, the effect on estimates of using linked hospital medical records in addition to the GP medical records was evaluated. Secondly, the administrative prevalence of ADHD recorded by GPs was defined for CYP in England by identifying a cohort of CYP in the CPRD with GP medical records linked to hospital medical records. The cumulative administrative prevalence of ADHD was estimated overall and by age, sex, SHA region, deprivation and calendar time. Thirdly, the GP medical records and linked hospital medical records for the cohort of CYP with ADHD was used to estimate the risk of fractures, thermal injuries and poisonings, in CYP with ADHD compared to CYP without ADHD. The rates of injuries were estimated by age, sex and deprivation. Findings: CYP with epilepsy are at greater risk of fractures, thermal injuries and poisonings compared to CYP without epilepsy. In CYP with epilepsy the incidence of fractures is 18% higher, thermal injuries is 50% higher and poisonings 147% higher than in CYP without epilepsy, with the increased risk being restricted to medicinal poisonings. Among young adults with epilepsy, aged 19 to 24 years, the incidence rate of medicinal poisoning is four-fold that of the general population of the same age. Using GP medical records and linked hospital medical records may improve the ascertainment of injuries. For example, if hospital medical records are used in addition to GP medical records to ascertain femur fractures, a further 33% of fractures may be ascertained compared to using GP medical records alone. In comparison, if hospital medical records were used without GP medical records, 10% of femur fractures may not be ascertained. However, this increased ascertainment of injuries is unlikely to alter the estimates of risk of injuries in people with epilepsy when compared to people without epilepsy (e.g. risk of long bone fractures: using hospital and GP medical records, hazard ratio (HR)=1.25 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.07 to 1.46) vs. using GP medical records alone, HR=1.23 (95%CI 1.10 to 1.38)). The administrative prevalence of ADHD in CYP aged 3 to 17 years old in English GP medical records is 0.88% (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.87 to 0.89). The prevalence of ADHD recorded by GPs is around five times greater in males than in females. The administrative prevalence of ADHD appears to increase with age, with the lowest prevalence in 3 to 4 year-olds (0.02 (95%CI 0.02 to 0.03)) and the highest prevalence in 15 to 17 year olds (1.38 (95%CI 1.36 to 1.40)). The administrative prevalence of ADHD is twice as high in CYP from the most deprived areas compared to CYP from the least deprived areas (1.14% (95%CI 1.12 to 1.16) in the most deprived areas to 0.64% (95%CI 0.63 to 0.65) in the least deprived areas)). CYP with ADHD are at greater risk of fractures, thermal injuries and poisonings compared CYP without ADHD. In CYP with ADHD the incidence of fractures is 28% higher, thermal injuries is 104% higher and poisonings is 300% higher than in CYP without ADHD. Conclusions: CYP with epilepsy and ADHD have an increased risk of fracture, thermal injury and poisoning compared to CYP without these conditions. For both conditions the risk of poisoning is higher than the risk of fractures or thermal injuries. The administrative prevalence of ADHD is lower than estimates of community prevalence ascertained from studies not using primary care data. The prevalence of ADHD varied with deprivation, being almost twice as high in CYP from the most deprived areas compared to CYP from the least deprived areas. Future research is required to explore the circumstances surrounding injuries in CYP with and without epilepsy and ADHD. Future research is also required to explore the effect of treating epilepsy and ADHD with medication on injury risk. Research is required to explore the effect of the severity of epilepsy and ADHD on estimated risks of injuries. Future research exploring potential under-diagnosis or under-recording of diagnosis of ADHD in CYP in primary care is needed. CYP with epilepsy and ADHD and their parents should be provided with evidence-based injury prevention interventions because work in this thesis has demonstrated they are at higher risk of injury than the general population of CYP. Health care professionals working with CYP; child and adolescent mental health services; child education or care practitioners; and other agencies and organisations with an injury prevention role, should be made aware of the increased risk of injury in CYP with epilepsy and ADHD. Commissioners of health services for CYP should ensure service specifications include injury prevention training and provision for evidence-based injury prevention interventions.
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Samir, Sulaka Ronni y Carl Strand. "Cover me, I'm going public! : “The relationship between IPO and media coverage”". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-40000.
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Background: The number of IPOs has been numerous in recent years. Moreover, the returns of the IPOs managed to either be over and underpriced. IPO-firms are generally unknown before they get listed. Therefore, the media outlets play an essential role in the dissemination of information to new investors. Thus, it becomes noteworthy to investigate whether media attention could be an explanatory factor for the first-day returns and how it affects an IPO in the short-term perspective. Research Questions: i) If the amount of media coverage two months pre-IPO has any relation with the first trading day return and ii) If the amount of media coverage helps to predict the IPOs stock return volatility after a two-month period (44 trading days)? Purpose: This research will attempt to find evidence if the amount of media coverage pre- IPO may drive the demand for the IPO and the first-day return. For this purpose, it is also necessary to find the under and/or overpricing. Furthermore, a regression analysis will be applied during a two-month period after the first trading day to investigate if increasing volatility depends on the amount of media coverage. Delimitations: The sample consists of 165 IPOs in Sweden from Aktietorget and OMX Stockholm during the period 2005-2017. IPOs are initial introductions that are not unit IPOs, mergers & acquisitions, right issues, spin-offs or buy-out firms. Method: The first research question is explained by a Pearson correlation where X is the media variable and tested against the degree of under or overpricing. Furthermore, a multiple-linear regression is examined where variables market index, Retriever data and trading volume is tested against stock return. Conclusion: It has been identified that Aktietorget has been overpriced 2005-2017 by 2.9% while OMXS has been underpriced 6.8%. In summary, the study did not manage statistically to ensure that the amount of media coverage significantly influenced the stock return volatility.
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Holzgrefe, William Andrew. "Rabies in Virginia, 1989-2003: With particular attention to animals, geographic distribution, and virus variant". VCU Scholars Compass, 2004. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1225.
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Objectives: The description of the raccoon rabies epizootic in Virginia over fifteen years (1989-2003). Methods: Using simple statistical methods and a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach, and fifteen years worth of animal surveillance data, the progress of this epizootic has been charted in terms of the geographic spread of the disease, the major animal species affected by the disease and its spread, and the exposure and risk to humans and livestock animals presented by the expansion of the geographic range. Results: The resulting descriptive study illustrates the eastward expansion of the epizootic, the mushrooming of the disease in the northern region of the state, and the rates of rabid animal submissions for every health district and selected important animal species. Human exposures to rabid animals are mapped and compared to human population densities. Strong seasonal trends in human and livestock exposures to rabid animals are illustrated, with animal exposures predominating in the spring and autumn, while human exposures peak in the summer; also shown is the possible emergence of new strains of rabies virus and the possible extinction of the previously dominant strain. Conclusions: Some potentially positive developments have been found, such as substantially increasing levels of bat submissions across time, which may signify greater public awareness of the disease. Serious deficiencies in the monitoring system are discussed, centering on the accuracy and comparability of the data collected, and suggestions for improvement are offered. While several potentially interesting new areas of study are put forward, the standard approach to rabies control (pet vaccination and control, education of at-risk populations, orally vaccinating wild animals) is not found to be in need of significant modification, aside from the specifics of the approach being tailored to better meet local conditions.
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Allaire, Louise. "Le théâtre jeune public, les conditions favorables à l’expérience esthétique : trajectoires de deux créations contemporaines et interdisciplinaires destinées à l’extrémité des âges de l’enfance". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40559.
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Cette thèse est une réflexion inspirée de mon expérience personnelle. Ce texte retrace le parcours créatif de deux œuvres scéniques contemporaines destinées à des publics situés aux deux extrémités de l’enfance : les 0-3 ans et les adolescents. En s’appuyant sur la définition de l’expérience esthétique de Jean-Marie Schaeffer, une analyse scénique et dramaturgique de ces réalisations met à jour les stratégies des artistes pour capter l’attention de ces publics et leur faire vivre une expérience cognitive et affective significative. Les œuvres complexes et interdisciplinaires et la qualité de leur mise en relation avec les publics choisis sont les plus susceptibles d’offrir les conditions à une expérience esthétique mémorable. L’intensité de l’expérience dépend aussi de la condition du récepteur, de sa curiosité, de son ouverture pour accueillir l’autre, la nouveauté, l’étrange, tout ce qui diffère de ses croyances et qui va au-delà de ses connaissances immédiates. Une expérience esthétique peut modifier l’organisation des schèmes mentaux, innés ou acquis, et mettre en marche une réflexion sur soi et le monde dans lequel on vit. Schaeffer nous rappelle que l’enfance est un temps particulièrement propice à vivre une expérience esthétique qui est celle d’une relation avec un ou des objets réunis dans un cadre particulier, un moment unique qui suspend le temps dans une attention exacerbée et suscite un état de pleine conscience. Respecter l’intelligence des enfants, c’est leur donner accès à plus grand qu’eux.
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Perrin, Randy Lee. "Socioeconomic Challenges in the Household and the Prevalence of Comorbidity Among Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4552.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the most commonly diagnosed childhood neurobehavioral disorder, is increasing annually at about 5% per year. ADHD has been diagnosed in approximately 6.4 billion children in the U.S., and it is estimated that 66% of those afflicted have 1 or more comorbid conditions. Children with ADHD are often from socioeconomically challenged households. What is unclear from the literature is the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES), defined as education, employment, and income and the reporting of comorbidities with ADHD. The problem is that children with ADHD from low SES households may be reporting a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions, which can lead to misdiagnosis, improper treatment, and greater financial burden for families and the public health system. The purpose of this quantitative, descriptive, nonexperimental study was to examine the relationship between household SES and the reporting of a comorbidity (anxiety, depression, behavioral issues) in children with ADHD by analyzing secondary data from the National Survey of Children's Health (N = 99,677). Ecological systems theory guided this study which is based on the premise that individuals encounter many environments in their lives and these environments can impact health and well-being. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that parental education level, employment, and household income were significantly associated with the reporting of comorbidities for children with ADHD. This research may lead to positive social change by allowing resources to be allocated to low SES households of children with ADHD to decrease the number of children developing comorbid conditions.
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Leibe, Mary. "Creating Healthy Urban Environments: Commercial Landscaping, Preference and Public Health". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2262.
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Landscape development[1] can provide many benefits, including the reduction of stormwater runoff and the creation of habitats for wildlife. It can also provide health benefits. Researchers, such as Roger Ulrich and Rita Berto have demonstrated that views of trees and other vegetation are associated with lower blood pressure and reduced recovery times in hospitals and that environments with more natural elements may lessen mental fatigue (R. Ulrich 1984) and (Berto 2005).
As rebuilding in New Orleans continues 11 years after Hurricane Katrina, landscape development has been limited or lacking, especially in the redevelopment of commercial properties. Two prominent reasons for this deficiency are a lack of funding and, until August of 2015, the absence of a comprehensive landscape ordinance.
The purpose of the research presented here is to determine the degree to which community residents express a preference for healthier commercial environments. As part of my research, I measured community perceptions of four potential redevelopment concepts for a blighted strip shopping center utilizing attention restoration theory (ART), which postulates that certain environmental qualities contribute to reductions in mental fatigue. I found that commercial environments with the most quality landscaping[2] are those that neighborhood residents most prefer and are most conducive to better health.
Keywords: mental fatigue, attention restoration theory, perceived restoration scale, commercial landscape quantity, public health, healthy urban environment
[1] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
[2] Refer to operational definitions (pages 4-6).
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Quesada, Danielle. "A Model for the Association Between Attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder and obesity: effects of physical activity, Sedentary Behavior, Gender, and Medication". FIU Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3767.
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity both present a significant burden to the health of children and adolescents. Research suggests a possible association between ADHD and obesity. This dissertation focused on examining the association between ADHD and obesity, and the roles physical activity, sedentary behavior, gender, and medication might play in this relationship.
The first manuscript is a review of the literature examining research on the association between ADHD and obesity in children and adolescents. The search included studies that reported on the prevalence of obesity among those with ADHD, the prevalence of ADHD among those who are obese, clinical studies comparing those with ADHD versus non-ADHD, and the association if any between ADHD, obesity, physical activity, eating behavior, medication, and gender. The search resulted in 657 studies, 233 after duplicates removed and 31 after screening. The studies suggested that there is a significant association between ADHD and obesity. Further, behavioral symptoms of ADHD, such as inattention and impulsivity might contribute to decreased physical activity, increased sedentary time, and dis-regulated eating. In addition, research indicated that medication possibly moderates the relationship between ADHD and body mass index BMI via a biophysical effect on the catecholamingeric system.
The second manuscript is an original study testing a model assessing the mediating effects of ADHD on physical activity, sedentary behavior, and BMI. The study sample consisted of 3,788 adolescents ages 11-17 from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Structural equation modeling was used to test the path associations. The model fit the data well, [RMSEA]=.043; [CFI]=.937; [TLI]= .889, and [SRMR]=.025. The total effect for ADHD was 0.073 and was significant. ADHD severity plays a role in increasing BMI status, working through physical activity and sedentary behavior.
The third manuscript is another original study assessing moderating effects of gender and medication on the relationship between ADHD and BMI. The model fit the data well for gender and medication [RMSEA]=0.052; [CFI]=0.850; [TLI]=0.775; [RMSEA]=0.053; [CFI]=0.825; [TLI]=0.715. Although the total effect for ADHD on BMI was significant, medication and gender did not moderate this relationship. Also, medication did not moderate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior and ADHD severity.
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Hawkes, Teresa y Teresa Hawkes. "Effect of the Long-Term Health Practices of Tai Chi, Meditation and Aerobics on Adult Human Executive Attention: A Cross-Sectional Study". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12340.
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Meditation, Tai Chi, and moderate aerobic exercise have been shown to positively affect executive attention. We compared the executive attention efficiency and aerobic capacity of long-term Tai Chi, meditation plus exercise, aerobic fitness, and sedentary participants. We hypothesized that because meditation and Tai Chi include moderate aerobic exertion and executive attention training, these groups would show significantly greater executive attention efficiency compared to aerobic exercisers or sedentary control groups. Our results support this. Tai Chi and meditation but not aerobic fitness practitioners significantly outperformed sedentary controls on key executive measures: percent switch costs and P3b ERP switch amplitude (Tai Chi, p = .001; p = .031, respectively; meditation, p = .006; p = .003, respectively). This suggests participation in chronic health practices requiring moderate aerobic exertion and attentional focus may offset declines in aerobic, neuromotor, and executive attention capacity often seen in normal aging.
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Palmér, Sofia y Jonas Bjurman. "Rather than love, than money, than faith… give me likes! : En kvalitativ studie kring framställandet av jaget på sociala medier då det offentliga och privata möts". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för medier och journalistik (MJ), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45375.
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The aim of this study is to examine how people act and respond to the different aspects given/experienced when using social media platforms. The investigation is a qualitive study based on eight interviews with media-students aged between 23 to 25 at the Linneaus university, Sweden. The theoretical frame of the study is founded on the theory of Goffmans studies regarding the presentation of self. The investigation shows that the respondents act acordingly to the different roles as described by Goffman, althogh there´s a difference when compared to common face-to-face interaction since the option to choose which impressions to give is bigger when interacting through social media channels.
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Lafont, Alex. "Effet des messages de sécurité routière sur la détection des cyclistes par les automobilistes dans un environnement dynamique : implication des processus attentionnels et émotionnels". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH028.
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Le principal objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre comment un message de prévention peut moduler les capacités de détection d'usagers vulnérables chez un automobiliste. Un message de prévention délivre à la fois une information sur la vulnérabilité de certains usagers mais peut également générer des émotions chez la personne qui y est exposée. Cette thèse s'intéresse donc d'une part à comment l' émotion seule, mais également l'information sur la vulnérabilité de certains usagers de la route, peuvent impacter les capacités de détection des usagers vulnérables. Nous porterons une attention particulière aux cyclistes, population pour laquelle, à notre connaissance, peu de travaux existent à ce sujet. Par ailleurs, étant donné le focus porté sur les émotions dans le cadre de cette thèse, l'un des objectifs secondaire de cette thèse sera de s'intéresser à des signatures physiologiques particulières de certaines émotionsThe aim of the present project is to provide a better understanding of how safety messages can control drivers' vulnerable road user detection abilities. Safety messages provide both vulnerability information and elicit emotion with persons that are exposed to it. This thesis deals with how vulnerability information and emotions respectively affect vulnerable road user detection performances. A special focus was placed on cyclists because of the lack of studies that address cyclist detetcion issues. The project also focused on physiology, especially emotion identification through physiological patterns
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Ahmed, Wardah. "Investigating a comparison of the factors influencing teachers’ attitudes toward inclusion of learners with specific learning disorder with the reading subtype and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in public ordinary schools". University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7603.
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Magister Educationis - MEdInclusive education is practised globally as well as in South Africa and is researched widely. South Africa’s policy document, Education White Paper 6: Special Needs Education: Building an Inclusive Education and Training system was implemented in 2001. This policy is grounded in human rights and strives to promote the rights of children who have disabilities by including them in mainstream schools. The attitudes that teachers have toward the inclusion of learners with disabilities influence the success of the implementation of this policy as teachers are at the forefront of implementing it
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Emilsson, Maria. "Treatment adherence in Asthma and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Personality traits, Beliefs about medication and Illness perception". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Centrum för social och affektiv neurovetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142757.
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Adherence to medication in asthma and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is important because medication may prevent serious consequences, possibly with lifelong effects. Several factors have been identified that influence adherence to medication in these disorders, but the importance of personality traits, beliefs about medication and illness perception has been insufficiently explored. The overall aim of this thesis was to study adherence to medication in asthma and ADHD, and in particular factors associated with adherence. The participants (n=268) in Study I were recruited epidemiologically and consisted of young adults with asthma, aged 22 years (±1 year). Impulsivity and, in men Antagonism and Alexithymia were associated with low adherence among respondents with regular asthma medication (n=109). The participants (n=35) in Study II were recruited from primary care clinics and consisted of adults (mean age 53 years). In men, Neuroticism was associated with low adherence, but Conscientiousness with high adherence. Beliefs about the necessity of medication were positively associated with adherence behaviour in women. In the total sample, a positive necessity-concern differential of beliefs predicted higher adherence. The participants in Study III, IV (n=101) and V (n=99) were recruited from Child and Adolescent Psychiatric clinics and consisted of adolescents with ADHD on long-term ADHD medication. Study IV assessed the reliability and validity of Swedish translations of the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire-specific (BMQ-Specific) and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ) for use in adolescents with ADHD. Exploratory Principal Component Analysis (PCA) loadings of the BMQ-Specific items confirmed the original components, the specific-necessity and specific-concerns. The exploratory PCA for B-IPQ revealed two components; the first one, B-IPQ Consequences, captured questions regarding perceptions of the implication of having ADHD (items 1, 2, 5, 6 and 8) and the second one, B-IPQ-Control, the perceptions of the ability to manage the ADHD disorder (items 3, 4 and 7). Adherence correlated positively with BMQ-necessity-concern differential but negatively with beliefs about medication regarding concerns and side effects as well as Antagonism. Adolescents with more beliefs in the necessity, but with less concerns and side effects were less intentionally non-adherent. Adolescents with more perceptions that ADHD affected life showed less unintentional non-adherence. Negative Affectivity was associated with beliefs in the necessity of medication, but also with concern about medication and side effects. Negative Affectivity was positively associated with perceived consequences in life caused by ADHD and less control over ADHD. Hedonic Capacity was associated with less concerns about medication. In conclusion: In asthma and ADHD, adherence was associated with personality and beliefs about medications treatment. The personality traits showed numerous associations with perception about ADHD and beliefs about asthma and ADHD medication. This thesis increases our understanding of these person-related underlying factors of non-adherence, which may enable targeted actions intended to turn non-adherence into adherence as well as to identify individuals at risk for non-adherence. The Swedish translation of BMQ-Specific and B-IPQ proved to be valid and reliable, suggesting that the scales are useful in clinical work to identify risks of low adherence and to increase knowledge about how adolescents perceive ADHD.Följsamhet till läkemedelsbehandling vid astma och ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) är viktigt eftersom optimal behandling kan förebygga allvarliga och livslånga konsekvenser. Flera faktorer som påverkar följsamhetsbeteendet har tidigare identifierats exempelvis ekonomiska faktorer, men vikten av personlighetsdrag, uppfattning om läkemedel och sjukdomsuppfattning har tidigare inte undersökts tillräckligt. Det övergripande syftet för avhandlingen var att studera följsamhet till läkemedel hos personer med astma och ADHD och i synnerhet påverkande faktorer. Avhandlingen utgörs av fem delstudier. Personlighet kan beskrivas som grundläggande egenskaper som kännetecknar likheter och skillnader mellan individer, den så kallade egenskapsteorin. Personlighet kan beskrivas utifrån fem grundläggande personlighetsdrag: känslomässig instabilitet, utåtriktning, öppenhet, vänlighet och målmedvetenhet, den så kallade fem-faktor modellen. När det gäller uppfattning om läkemedel så vägs uppfattningen om nödvändigheten av läkemedelsbehandlingen för att kontrollera sjukdomen mot oron för läkemedlens negativa effekter-biverkningar. Följsamhetsbeteendet beror på vilken uppfattning som dominerar. Uppfattning om sjukdom påverkas bland annat av personens uppfattning om hur mycket sjukdomen påverkar personens liv och sjukdomens varaktighet. Resultaten av denna avhandling visar att följsamheten var högre hos tonåringar med ADHD än hos vuxna med astma. Följsamheten till astma- och ADHD-medicinering var signifikant associerad med uppfattning att läkemedel var nödvändigt såväl som personlighetsdragen, särskilt antagonism. Följsamheten var inte associerad med ålder eller kön. Med anledning av att kön är relaterad till andra faktorer bör det beaktas i utredning av följsamhet till läkemedel. Personlighetsdraget känslomässig instabilitet, var relaterat till många uppfattningar om läkemedlen och sjukdomsuppfattningar. Avhandlingen visar på sambandet mellan vissa personrelaterade faktorer och följsamhet till läkemedel, hos personer med astma och ADHD. Den svenska översättningen av frågeformulären: Uppfattning om läkemedel (BMQ-Specific) och Uppfattning om ADHD (B-IPQ) visade sig ha god kvalitet för användning i kliniska utvärderingar och forskning som involverar ungdomar med ADHD.
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Yu, Qianqian. "Three Essays in Entrepreneurial and Corporate Finance". Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107427.
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Thesis advisor: Thomas J. ChemmanurMy dissertation is comprised of three chapters. In the first chapter, I analyze the effect of top management changes on subsequent corporate innovation in venture capital-backed private firms using a hand-collected dataset. I find that top management changes are associated with significantly more and higher quality corporate innovation (as measured by their patenting activity). I show that top management changes are likely to be venture-driven and that the effect of top management changes on corporate innovation is stronger for firms where venture capitalists have greater power. An instrumental variable analysis using an exogenous shock to the supply of outside managers available for hire implies a causal effect of top management changes on corporate innovation. I establish that one mechanism through which top management changes enhance corporate innovation is through new management teams hiring more inventors for a given investment size. I also show that both top management changes and corporate innovation have a positive impact on firms' successful exits. In the second chapter, co-authored with Thomas Chemmanur and Karthik Krishnan, we hypothesize that VC-backing garners greater “investor attention” (Merton (1987)) for IPOs, allowing IPO underwriters to perform two information-related roles more efficiently during the book-building and road-show process: information dissemination, where the lead underwriter disseminates noisy information about various aspects of the IPO firm to institutional investors; and information extraction, where the lead underwriter extracts information useful in pricing the IPO firm equity from institutional investors. Using pre-IPO media coverage as a proxy, we show empirically that VC-backed firm IPOs indeed obtain greater investor attention, causally yielding them more favorable IPO characteristics such as higher IPO and secondary market valuations. In the third chapter, co-authored with Thomas Chemmanur, Lei Kong, and Karthik Krishnan, using panel data on top management characteristics and a management quality factor constructed using common factor analysis on individual management quality proxies, we analyze the relation between the human capital or “quality” of firm management and its innovation inputs and outputs. We control for the endogenous matching between firm and management quality using a plausibly exogenous shock to the supply of new managers as an instrument, thereby finding a causal relationship between management quality and innovation activities. We show that higher management quality firms achieve greater innovation output by hiring more and higher quality inventors
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2017
Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management
Discipline: Finance
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Annikova, Elena. "Public Service Announcement: the way to attract attention to problem in society and to change model of social behavior : a multi methods research, which is combined both of quantitative and qualitative methods, about Public Service Announcement". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för hälsa och arbetsliv, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-12310.
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This multi methods research, which is combined both of quantitative and qualitative methods, is about Public Service Announcement (PSA). This study is aimed to find out if something changes in behavior of people and their attitude to social problem in Russia by an impact of PSA and to understand whereby PSA impacts on changes in behavior of people and rise of attention to social problem in Russia. In order to achieve thesis aims, various types of data presented in this research: a survey of 50 people from different age and sex groups and interviews with a workers of two social organizations. To analyze a data, it were used a univariate and bivariate analysis for quantitative data. Analysis of qualitative data is done in a phenomenological way. According to the results, PSA performs its tasks, something it’s changed in people by impact of PSA, people of all ages noted an influence of PSA on them, they get to know about social problem, begin to think about or changed their behavior, begun to work as volunteers, made a donation. By all this aspects as emotion, feeling, sensation, design, PSA impact on changes in behavior of people and rise of attention to social problem in Russia. PSA impacts across effective psychological mechanism such as an emotional sphere of personality. Psychological aspects can be divided into cognitive and emotional. Emotion is one of the key factors of the PSAs. It is established that emotional memory is much stronger than other types of memory, affects human behavior. Cognitive component is related to how advertising information is perceived by people. All elements like an illustration, title, text, logo, layout and general features of the image determine the overall effect of advertising. PSA is a display of goodwill of society, its principled position on socially significant values. Social advertising can and should be considered as a mode of operation of social services.