Literatura académica sobre el tema "Psychology – authorship – style manuals"

Textual style transfer is the task of transforming stylistic properties of text while preserving meaning. Target "styles" can be defined in numerous ways, ranging from single attributes (e.g. formality) to authorship (e.g. Shakespeare). Previous unsupervised style-transfer approaches generally rely on significant amounts of labeled data for only a fixed set of styles or require large language models. In contrast, we introduce a novel diffusion-based framework for general-purpose style transfer that can be flexibly adapted to arbitrary target styles at inference time. Our parameter-efficient approach, ParaGuide, leverages paraphrase-conditioned diffusion models alongside gradient-based guidance from both off-the-shelf classifiers and strong existing style embedders to transform the style of text while preserving semantic information. We validate the method on the Enron Email Corpus, with both human and automatic evaluations, and find that it outperforms strong baselines on formality, sentiment, and even authorship style transfer.

This study examined the distributions across personality types (as assessed by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) of two samples of black college students ( ns = 315 and 447) in comparison to norming data from two manuals. Major differences were found between the black and white samples with regard to the proportions classified as Extroversion-Intuition-Feeling-Perception (ENFP) and Introversion-Sensing-Thinking-Judging (ISTJ). Much higher proportions of the black samples were also clustered at the sensing pole of the perceptual dimension. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the existence of a unique black “cognitive style.”

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between originality and Kirton's scale for innovators and adaptors. Kirton's scale measures the way a person solves problems or style, while creativity has been described as level or the efficiency in solving problems. Kirton's 1976 theory states the two variables should not be related; however, careful reading of the manuals of both tests indicates innovators and creative individuals have similar characteristics. Past research has yielded mixed results. For 110 university students, given Sounds and Images and the Kirton Adaption-Innovation Inventory, a significant negative correlation was obtained for adaptors but none for innovators or the entire sample. Perhaps innovation and creativity are related, but only for highly creative persons.

Authorship Attribution (AA) and Authorship Obfuscation (AO) are two competing tasks of increasing importance in privacy research. Modern AA leverages an author's consistent writing style to match a text to its author using an AA classifier. AO is the corresponding adversarial task, aiming to modify a text in such a way that its semantics are preserved, yet an AA model cannot correctly infer its authorship. To address privacy concerns raised by state-of-the-art (SOTA) AA methods, new AO methods have been proposed but remain largely impractical to use due to their prohibitively slow training and obfuscation speed, often taking hours. To this challenge, we propose a practical AO method, ALISON, that (1) dramatically reduces training/obfuscation time, demonstrating more than 10x faster obfuscation than SOTA AO methods, (2) achieves better obfuscation success through attacking three transformer-based AA methods on two benchmark datasets, typically performing 15% better than competing methods, (3) does not require direct signals from a target AA classifier during obfuscation, and (4) utilizes unique stylometric features, allowing sound model interpretation for explainable obfuscation. We also demonstrate that ALISON can effectively prevent four SOTA AA methods from accurately determining the authorship of ChatGPT-generated texts, all while minimally changing the original text semantics. To ensure the reproducibility of our findings, our code and data are available at: https://github.com/EricX003/ALISON.

The Dictionary of Standard Slovenian Language (SSKJ 2014) uses seven types of labels (qualifiers). The present article focuses on the style-genre label nar. (dialectal), further specified as vzhodno (eastern). There are 414 entries so labelled in the SSKJ2. This survey will focus on verbs only (98), labelled as dialectal eastern in the SSKJ2, comparing them to those found in Rajh’s material for his dialectal dictionary of Prlekija dialect Gúčati po antùjoško (2010), as well as in The Slovenian Orthography (Slovenski pravopis – SP 2001). The aim is to point out the importance of incorporating the current dialectal vocabulary into the normative manuals, as well as the importance of their labelling being a great help for teachers, language editors, translators, etc.

This research aimed to offer interpretations of August Strindberg’s The Stronger through the lens of female psychology. The Stronger is unique as it seemed very simple yet so intense and powerful with layers of interpretations. Written during 1888-1889, The Stronger, which only had two characters and only one speaking character, had become one of Strindberg’s shortest yet important plays during his career. The female psychology approach used in the analysis would cover the discussion of gender role, women’s self-esteem, competition for males, women’s friendships, ego style, and female psychology. It was an interdisciplinary research that combined structuralist, historical, biographical, and feminist approach to gain a better interpretation on the play. By referring to three different sources on the concept of female psychology, the analysis offered different and interesting interpretations on the nature and dynamics of the two female characters’ relationship. The Stronger has shown an enigmatic attraction in Strindberg’s authorship in which the readers could see the co-existence, collision, conflict, and merge of different paradigms concerning sex, gender, and sexuality.

In this paper, I discuss how Michael Balint arrived at the concepts of ‘ocnophil’ and ‘philobat’, which refer to two kinds of object relations. I look at the correspondence between Balint and the classical scholar David Eichholz. The two crafted these words together in a passionate exchange of letters. By recognizing the importance of creative dyads in psychoanalysis, we gain more insight into the creation of psychoanalytic knowledge beyond the frame of individual authorship. I read the collaboration between Balint and Eichholz in its historical and theoretical context, particularly in relation to the Budapest School of psychoanalysis, where intellectual collaborations had an important place. The Budapest School was Michael Balint's first home, and it shaped his epistemic and psychoanalytic style. Balint constructed his psychoanalytic theories in a spirit of openness, maintaining a commitment to conversations between psychoanalysis and other disciplines.

Abstract This paper investigates the rapport management (Spencer-Oatey 2005) that collections agents at a UK-based utilities company call centre are expected to perform during debt collection telephone interactions. It examines the rapport-relevant information communicated in the textual materials, including training manuals, through which a prescribed debt collection style is implemented. The analysis reveals that there are tensions in the rapport-concerns that collectors must attend to when using the style. Collectors are instructed to perform potentially face-threatening behaviours in order to collect debt, whilst simultaneously engaging in linguistic behaviour that may be interpreted as face-enhancing and which functions to develop rapport with the debtor. It is suggested that the local deployment of this contradictory “helping you to pay us” philosophy is problematic on multiple levels and may give rise to relational tensions between collectors and debtors who have conflicting expectations about rapport management entitlements. In turn, this may contribute to a culture of sanctioned face-attacks in call centres (Archer and Jagodziński 2015). Therefore, I suggest that call centres may need to loosen the synecdochical hold they have over their employees, thereby affording them the flexibility and volition to cope with the complex face demands, unpredictability and potential volatility of debt collection encounters.

The purpose of the studyis to develop guidelines for improving the teaching process of students from the People’s Republic of China in Russian technical universities, taking into account the specific aspects of higher education in China and methodology of teaching special disciplines to foreign students in Russia. The urgency of the research is caused by the global trends in the development of higher education: globalization, liberalization and internationalization, the growth of cooperation between the two countries in the field of science and technology, in particular space exploration, which as a result leads to the development of joint programs in the provision of education services. Most scientific articles on teaching foreign students are devoted to general issues of pedagogy and psychology, as well as to the problems of teaching Russian as a foreign language, while the aspects of teaching special technical disciplines to citizens of another country pose certain challenges.Materials and methods of research.The research materials include printed works for which the appropriate methods of analysis of scientific texts are used: ● excerpts from the development programs of space industry and joint educational programs of Russia and China – aspect and diachronic method of analysis of priority areas of development of the higher school of China and promising areas of cooperation; ● the curricula of professional education in various areas and specialties of Bauman Moscow State Technical University – aspect analysis of the general provisions of engineering training programs; ● manuals on the “Basics of Rocket and Space Technology” (BRST) of Russia (USSR) and China – critical, comparative and conceptual analysis of the content features, methods and style of presentation of the material; ● BRST – aspect and phenomenological analysis of the structure and content of a special technical discipline; ● scientific works on pedagogy and psychology – aspect and system analysis of features of the education system, educational behavior and bilingual opportunities of students from China.The paper applied the problem analysis method to tackle the task in the context of publications’ shortage on teaching special technical disciplines to foreigners. Also, the method of deconstruction, axiomatic and descriptive analysis of text textbooks and manuals on pedagogy and psychology is directly utilized to develop guidelines, proposed in the article.Results.Upon the analysis, guidelines to improve the efficiency of the educational process for Chinese students were developed, using teaching based on the printed text in Russian and Chinese, transformation of educational material to another type, and inclusion of nationally oriented content in educational materials. Finally, we proposed original methods of express surveys to establish feedback with students and put forward a conceptual suggestion, that foreign students pursuing technical education should be given the opportunity and conditions for the implementation and development of cognitive abilities using their native language.Conclusion.The developed pedagogical methods allow to adapt the educational material of special technical disciplines taking into account both mental and socio-cultural characteristics of the students from the People’s Republic of China studying in the universities of the Russian Federation.

La lingüística aplicada té un àmbit natural de recerca i d’actuació en les diverses organitzacions (empreses, associacions, fàbriques, institucions), perquè aquestes estan constituïdes per persones que es comuniquen entre si per aconseguir la seva finalitat. Aquesta tesi explora les necessitats de comunicació que té avui una organització, alguns dels tipus de textos tecnicocientífics escrits que utilitzen i les diverses tasques que hi pot desenvolupar un mediador lingüístic, amb el propòsit d’incrementar la seva eficàcia. La primera part del treball descriu l’estat de l’art: defineix els conceptes fonamentals de la lingüística i dels estudis sobre l’organització en aquest camp; analitza l’impacte que està tenint el desenvolupament tecnològic i d’altres circumstàncies socioeconòmiques; estableix els tipus comunicatius bàsics (extern i intern; formal i informal; horitzontal i vertical; oral i escrit; tecnicocientífic, organitzatiu, comercial i protocol・lari) i proposa una classificació de les tasques que hi realitza un lingüista mediador: distingeix la intervenció sobre l’estructura (establiment de nous canals, auditoria comunicativa, implementació de tecnologia), sobre el personal (assessoria, formació, autoaccés), sobre l’estil (imatge corporativa, manual d’estil, formularis, plantilles de textos) i sobre un text (traducció, redacció i edició). La segona part està dedicada a la formació professional en redacció especialitzada en informes d’auditoria interna. Presenta i avalua diverses experiències de formació realitzades en empreses públiques i privades, amb un corpus rellevant de documents autèntics. Els capítols centrals analitzen i interpreten amb diversos exemples alguns aspectes bàsics de la redacció tècnica i científica: l’estructura i els seus components (portada, títol, índex, resum, objectius, conclusions i annexos, etc.), els recursos per fer més comprensible la prosa tècnica o les estratègies de processament de discursos especialitzats. Els annexos finals inclouen els materials didàctics de les experiències realitzades: els currículums, la planificació detallada de les lliçons, textos originals i reformulats i dades de l’avaluació.
La lingüística aplicada tiene un ámbito natural de investigación y de actuación en las organizaciones (empresas, asociaciones, fábricas, instituciones públicas), porque están constituidas por personas que tienen que comunicarse entre si para conseguir su finalidad. Esta tesis explora las necesidades de comunicación que tiene hoy una organización, algunos de los tipos textuales técnico-científicos que utiliza y las variadas tareas que puede desarrollar en ella un mediador lingüístico, con el propósito de incrementar su eficacia. La primera parte del trabajo describe el estado del arte: define los conceptos fundamentales de la lingüística y de los estudios sobre la organización en este campo; analiza el impacto que está tiene el desarrollo tecnológico y otras circunstancias socioeconómicas; establece los tipos comunicativos básicos (externo e interno; formal e informal; horizontal y vertical; oral y escrito; técnico-científico, organizativo, comercial y protocolario), y propone una clasificación de las tareas que realiza un lingüista en este ámbito: distingue la intervención sobre la estructura (establecer nuevos canales, auditoría comunicativa, implementación de tecnología), sobre el personal (asesoría, formación, autoacceso), sobre el estilo (imagen corporativa, manual de estilo, formularios, plantillas de textos) y sobre un texto particular (traducción, redacción, edición). La segunda parte está dedicada a la formación profesional en redacción especializada en informes de auditoría interna. Presenta y evalúa varias experiencias de formación realizadas en empresas públicas y privadas, con un corpus relevante de documentos auténticos. Los capítulos centrales analizan e interpretan algunos aspectos básicos de la redacción técnica y científica: la estructura y sus componentes (portada, título, índice, resumen, objetivos, conclusiones y anexos), los recursos para hacer más comprensible la prosa técnica o las estrategias de procesamiento de discursos especializados. Los anexos incluyen los materiales didácticos de las experiencias realizadas: los currículums, la planificación de las lecciones, textos originales con sus reformulaciones y datos detallados de su evaluación.
Linguistics has an interesting field of research and application at the organizations’ environment (companies, associations, industries, public organizations), because they are all made up of people who have to communicate amongst each other, in order to attain their goals. My thesis explores the communication needs of a modern organization and the kind of jobs that a linguistic mediator can do in order to satisfy them and improve the general activity of the organization. The first section of my thesis describes the current situation in this field: it defines fundamental linguistic and managerial concepts; it discusses the growing impact of the technological evolution and of social and economic trends; it sets up the basic communication categories (external and internal; formal and informal channels; horizontal and vertical; oral and written; technical-scientific, organizational, commercial and public relations), and it also proposes a classification of the sorts of interventions that linguists mediator may carry out in an organization: it distinguish interventions over the structure (establishing communication channels, communication audit, using technological resources), over the employed people (providing linguistic advice, training, selfacces), over the communication’s style (corporate image, designing style, publishing collection of formulae) and over a single communication (translating, editing, writing). The second section is devoted to the training of professional experts in the writing of audit reports. It presents and evaluates different experiences carried out in private and public companies, with a relevant corpus of authentic documents. The central chapters develops and discuss with examples some aspects of the technical report: the structure and his components (front page, title, index, abstract, objectives, conclusions, graphics, appendices), the resources to improve comprehension in technical style or the processing strategies used with technical discourses. The final appendices includes all the pedagogical materials of the experiences: curricula, planning lessons, original and reformulated texts, exercises and assessment reports.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Publishing Studies 2017
An introspective look at editing a manuscript is a personal account of editing and proofreading an unpublished manuscript. It focuses on how an editor looks at a piece of work and the different aspects involved in editing such as how to communicate with an author, how to avoid bias editing as well as how to approach correcting grammar, punctuation and language.
MT2018

This chapter investigates the division of labour between writing-masters and engravers in their joint publications, aiming to uncover the mutual dependencies between the two trades. It describes the different processes that each trade brought to the collaboration, and explores the consequences of those differences for users of their productions. It explores how the marketplace for engraved script was rhetorically addressed in writing manuals while also asking how the reader (and potential copyist) was more pragmatically addressed in the scribal teaching models embodied by the works themselves. It touches on the history of style in handwriting, specifically, that of the ‘roundhand’, which was the dominant clerical hand of eighteenth-century England, and asks how far scribal practice can be retrieved from pedagogical engraved hands. Lastly, it maps out some future research questions into a curious format that, by design, complicates what is practical as well as ornamental in the written word

The Internet has helped to collect and exchange information and data with its constant expansion and evolution for devices to be intertwined with each other. These advances provide invaluable information about people and issues related to their lives including behaviors, interests, and preferences which have brought about the Internet of Behaviors (IoB) in attempts to understand the data collected from users' online activities. From a behavioral psychology perspective, the IoB can address the question of how to understand the data, and how to apply that understanding to create things that benefit humans. The IoB is related to many fields of research including technology, data analytics, and behavior science in relationship with stylometry. The applications of stylometry within the IoB framework such as analyzing the writing style of social media posts, online reviews, journal articles, or literary works at tertiary educational organizations could provide insights into the personality or motivations of the author. Thus, stylometry could potentially be used to identify authorship.

The article explores the origin, development, and function of commentary as a specific genre of the ancient Indian literary tradition. The author connects the appearance of commentary literature to the formation in the middle of the 1st millennium BC of the tradition of the sacred “recollection” (smṛti), which inherited the authority of the Vedic canon of divine revelation (śruti). It is argued in the paper that another important factor contributing to the formation of commentary literature consisted in public debates on religious and philosophical issues, in which traditional Brahmanic wisdom was compared for the (cт.32) first time to the unorthodox worldview of new religious movements (primarily, Buddhism and Jainism).The main form of discourse in the tradition of smṛti became the aphoristic verbal formulas (sūtras). The collections compiled with the help of these verbal formulas functioned as basic (“root”) texts in various fields of knowledge, but the understanding of these concise manuals without commentaries was almost impossible. Commentaries, created to explain short aphorisms of various “root” texts, became a universal genre that ensured the continuity of the smṛti tradition and the progressive development of various fields of knowledge. The author differentiates two distinct approaches to commenting of the ancient Indian texts: “technical” commentary, connected to the practice of oral learning, and “analytical”, originated from the theoretical discourse and polemic style of oral debates. The paper, furthermore, provides a detailed description of various types of commentary (bhāṣya, vārttika, ṭīkā), appeared during the period of written fixation of “root” texts and reflective of a new paradigm of written literature. Keywords: commentary, Sanskrit, Indian literature, authorship, śruti, smṛti, sūtra, bhāṣya, śāstra, vārttika, ṭīkā.