Tesis sobre el tema "Psychologie positive – Chez la personne âgée"
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Amrouche, Hassaim Kaissa. "Les déterminants d’un vieillissement réussi". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080052.
The wοrk οf this thesis relates tο the mechanisms οf "successful aging" and has the general οbjective οf studying the evοlutiοnary and invοlutiοnary prοcesses that characterize aging by uncοvering the determinants οf successful aging. The study prοvided a better understanding οf hοw the elderly persοn lives and perceives their decline and all the changes, negative οr pοsitive, related tο age and aging, just as it helped tο better understand the nοtiοn οf successful aging frοm their οwn perspective, that οf their lοved οnes and the caregivers they encοunter οn a daily basis.Thus, it is clear that a cοmbinatiοn οf factοrs seems tο be able tο enable οlder peοple, withοut and with pathοlοgies, tο maintain a satisfactοry quality οf life
Le, Quellec Sandrine. "Etat émotionnel et mobilisation des ressources cognitives chez la personne âgée". Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR2022.
Bujold, Andrée-Anne. "Association entre l'anxiété et le déclin cognitif chez les personnes âgées vivant dans la communauté". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29274/29274.pdf.
Maintenant, Célia. "Développement de la flexibilité catégorielle chez l'enfant et l'adulte âgé : contribution des connaissances conceptuelles et des fonctions exécutives". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10024.
Hentati, Yassamine. "Etudes multidimensionnelle et longitudinale de l'empathie chez des personnes âgées présentant des capacités cognitives différentes". Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL009.
While an extensive research effort had focused on the time course of cognitive abilities, both in normal and neurodegenerative ageing, literature provides little data as to the change in empathy capacities. This dissertation is based on the multidimensional model of empathy, which implies the existence of at least three dimensions: Emotional empathy, cognitive empathy and the ability to self-other differentiation. This research sought to attain two objectives: 1. To know whether and how empathic abilities may be altered as a function of different levels of cognitive ability (a cross-sectional analysis was performed, n = 41); 2. Study the development of empathy capacities over time, as a function of variations in cognitive profiles (based on a longitudinal analysis, n = 30). A multidimensional battery of empathy tests were administered to a population of aged people residing in retirement homes (mean age = 86. 07 years; SEM = 0. 763) on three times (T0, T1 and T2) with 6 months interval between each administration. A concrete measure of cognitive abilities was also performed via a standard tests battery at each measurement time. Participants were classified a posteriori, as follows: 1. For the purpose of the cross-sectional analysis, the participants were divided into three groups, based on their performances achieved at T0 in global measures of cognitive abilities (MMS and MDRS) 2. In light of the performances achieved in global empathy measures, at the three times of s measurement, participants were categorized into two distinct profiles of cognitive changes. Both in the transverse and longitudinal analysis, our results showed that emotional empathy and emotional ToM seem to resist changes in cognitive abilities, while the self-other differentiation capacity and cognitive ToM show alterations. As for the possible link between the pace (rate) of evolution of empathy capacity and that of cognitive functions, we observed that the emotional aspects of empathy evolve mostly in step with cognitive abilities. In contrast, the cognitive aspects of empathy appear to be declining faster than cognitive abilities. An explanatory hypothesis is that predominantly emotional test tasks require less cognitive abilities than predominantly cognitive tasks. Our results tend to confirm the multidimensional model of empathy. The conclusions of this paper, however, must be put into perspective, taking into account the variation related to age of the participants, which variation is illustrated by individual profiles that we have made
Lebahar, Julie. "Etude de la variabilité intraindividuelle du contrôle cognitif chez la personne âgée : formes et apport prédictif". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20045/document.
Aging research shows an age-related increase in intraindividual variability in cognitive functioning (dispersion and inconsistency). Intraindividual variability would play a central role in understanding cognitive changes in older adults. The purpose of the present research was to examine the contribution of the intraindividual variability study, in order to explain differences in cognitive efficiency between older adults. The relationship between two forms of intraindividual variability, dispersion (variability in scores across several cognitive tests) and inconsistency (variability in response time (RT) across trials in a cognitive control task), and the cognitive efficiency, was estimated in a sample of adults aged from 61 years and older. The control task AX-cpt used in this study allows the evaluation of distinct cognitive control process (proactive and reactive control). The increase in dispersion was associated with a decrease in processing speed, episodic memory ability and the more general cognitive state. The increase in inconsistency seems related to a difficulty of a cognitive system whose capacities of context information maintenance, and resistance to interference, are less preserved. However, the inconsistency could also reveal a positive evolution of cognition. Intraindividual fluctuations in behavior appear to be the characteristics of normal functioning. The irregularity of temporal instability of successive trials response times, seems to be a valid cue of the decrease in cognitive efficiency. The study of intraindividual variability in performance seems to be a fruitful approach to explain the variability between individuals observed in the elderly, and to predict possible cognitive changes
Gaudreau, Catherine. "L'acceptabilité des traitements du trouble d'anxiété généralisée chez les personnes âgées". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30519/30519.pdf.
Boulbry, Gaëlle. "L'impact du vieillissement cognitif sur l'efficacité publicitaire : le cas de la publicité à évocations nostalgiques". Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1G012.
Auffray, Caroline. "Vieillissement, remédiation cognitive et différences individuelles". Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20010.
In last years, aging was defined like an non irreversible phenomenon. Thus, many research try to remediate intellectual problems in the elderly. The results reveal that aged people who receive training can perform better in domains that are close to those directly trained. The existence of important interindividual variability was also currently pointed. Experimental sample was composed of 116 older (from 65 to 96). Before and after they receive remediation program (experimental group) or discussion sessions (control group), they perform cognitive and conative variables. Results show that performance evaluated in some cognitive variables decline near 70 years'old although others only decrease after 90. The intellectual habilities'organisation seems to comfort the assumption of dedifferenciation with old age. Our results are too consistent with cognitive plasticity assumption in the elderly; aged people are able to increase their performances with exercise. Nevertheless, when we considers more complex tasks, peope who receive remediation drop their performances greater than people on control groups. After remediation, aged peope are less depressive, less anxious and less worried about cognitive functioning. A last, it seems that younger and more educated people more benefit of remediation. This result indicate that we should develop other programs more useful for those people
Pelletier, Isabelle C. 1980. "La relation entre l'inconfort et les sous-types d'agitation chez les personnes âgées atteintes de démence de type Alzheimer". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/43448.
Lemay, Marianne. "Agitation verbale dans la démence : la contribution des différentes sources d'inconfort". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26487/26487.pdf.
Musielak-Mersak, Céline. "Vieillissement cognitif, apprentissage fonctionnel et extrapolation". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000224.pdf.
The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of aging on abstraction and adjustment to the complex relationships of the environement. A total of 208 individuals (aged 18-25, 40-50, 65-75, 76-90 years old) participated in this study. In experiment 1, the leaming of curvilinear functions (U-shaped and Inverse U-shaped functions) is compared with the learning of linear functions (direct and inverse functions). An extrapolation test is conducted to examine abstraction. Results show that extrapolation capacities are preserved in the elderly, especially when the relation between cue and criterion is a direct one. Age related differences are only quantitative. The results can be interpreted within the theoretical framework of executive functions. Experiment 2 is aimed at examining the effects of aging on shirting from a functional strategy of learning to an associative strategy of learning. Resuls show difficulties in older people when no function can be used to associate variables. It seems that, in the elderly, the lack of flexibility and the reduction of working memory capacity prevent the shirting between the two strategies. A project is presented. It is aimed at examining the effect of aging on multiple-cue probability learning tasks with non pertinent eues
Fadier-Salice, Gwenaëlle. "Etude des fonctions exécutives sur une population de seniors". Rennes 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004REN20005.
Actually, the executive functions have got an increased central role in the models of cognition (system attentionnel of supervision; Norman and Shallice, 1980 or central executive of the working memory ; Baddeley, 1986). The efficacity of these high level cognitive processes, whose principal function is the adaptation to the novelty, classically reserved for the frontal lobes (Stuss, 1992), decreases with the age. The performance evaluation to 11 executive tasks of a sample of 94 old people from 45 to 98 years confirms the deterioration of the executive performances with the age, and shows a modest stability of those between the two occasions of measurement. Although empirically different, the executive processes of planning, cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility are correlated, and in relation to general intellectual efficiency. We defend the idea of a de-differentiation of the cognitive processes at the old people (Li, 2002). The negative effect of the age on the efficacity of a general cognitive system which one would measure various components would be mitigated by a significant level of schooling
Villeneuve, Karèle. "Fardeau objectif, fardeau subjectif et détresse psychologique chez les proches d'ainés ayant subi un traumatisme crânio-cérébral". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66888.
The first objective of this study was to describe subjective burden (emotional experience of the caregiving role), objective burden (changes in responsibilities or activities since the elder’s injury) and psychological distress (anxious and depressive symptoms) of close relatives of elderly persons sustaining traumatic brain injury (TBI), at four months post-injury. The second objective was to explore if difficulties reported by relatives regarding the injured person, perceived social support, the age of the relative and the severity of TBI are predictors for subjective burden and psychological distress of these relatives. Telephone interviews and questionnaires were administered by trained doctoral students to a sample of 46 close relatives of elderly persons with mild to severe TBI. Results show that a significant proportion of participants (27%) experience a significant subjective burden, almost all (88%) report spending more time caring for their loved one or have less time for themselves in at least one area of life and almost a quarter suffer from significant anxious and/or depressive symptoms. Exploratory regression analyses suggest that a higher number of difficulties perceived in the injured elder and a lower perceived social support are good predictors of subjective burden and psychological distress. A younger age predicts higher subjective burden, but the severity of the TBI neither predicts subjective burden nor psychological distress. To our knowledge, this is the first quantitative study providing information on caregivers of elderly sustaining a TBI. These results provide a better understanding of their caregiving experience and contribute to guide clinical interventions (p.ex. offer a realistic prognosis and supporting the development of coping strategies) and underline the need of more longitudinal quantitative and qualitative research.
Wiederkehr, Sandra. "Le continuum des déficits cognitifs d'origine vasculaire : démence vasculaire, cerveau à risque et cognition". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24929/24929.pdf.
Girard, Caroline. "Caractérisation clinique et cognitive des troubles psychotiques d'apparition tardive". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27942/27942.pdf.
Bédard, Annick. "Évaluation d'une intervention non pharmacologique pour réduire l'agitation verbale chez les personnes atteintes de démence". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26444/26444.pdf.
Montanez, Patricia. "Mémoire sémantique et maladie d'Alzheimer". Paris, EHESS, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002EHES0110.
The aim of this study was to establish the level of semantic processing in 39 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a protocol of semantic tasks, including a semantic association task, a naming task using black and white drawings, testing the “living” – “non-living” category and the visual complexity of the pictures, a naming task using color pictures and controlling category and word frequency, a word to picture association task and a semantic classification task, at the subordinate and at the attribute level, with pictures and with words of both categories. The heterogeneity of AD was taken into account and sub-groups of patients with comparative levels of impairment were identified according to their profiles of deficits in verbal and visuo-constructional tasks. In these sub-groups, the effect of the variables evaluated in the semantic memory protocol was established. This study demonstrated the effects of variables which are controversial in the literature, such as category, frequency, visual complexity, modality and level of semantic processing. The results obtained have contributed to the descriptions of semantic deficits in AD and to the analysis of hypothesis derived from models of cognitive neuropsychology. A longitudinal study of 20 patients with AD also allowed the study of the profile of evolution of the semantic disorders and the evaluation of models proposed to explain the functional architecture of semantic memory
Le, Rallic Mikaël. "Imagerie mentale visuo-spatiale et vieillissement". Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30084.
This thesis aims to study the effects of aging on the process of mental imagery, in maintenance and manipulation imagery tasks. In order to clarify these effects, in addition to performance analysis, we thought it is important to study strategies reported during the resolution of these imagery tasks. We conducted 6 experiments, with young and old participants, in which we tested the influence of several experimental factors, such as the duration of maintenance of images, their complexity, the angles of rotation, and the interference of motor tasks. . . On the performances and strategies. We have tested the assumption of Kosslyn (1994) who considers that the processes of high levels (manipulation of mental images) are more sensitive to the aging decline that low levels (maintenance of mental images). Our results confirm this hypothesis of aging effects on performances, but also reveal a major influence of aging on the strategies and on specific body movements involved in mental rotation. Everything suggests that each participant, young or old, has implemented one of the possible cognitive and body strategies, taken into account its available cognitive resources and the complexity of the mental imagery task. Our research underlined the need for a study of patterns of dynamic interaction of cognitive, strategic and motor processes in order to renew the theoretical models of imagery and mental effects of aging
Knap, Florence Marie. "Mémoire et contexte : étude de l'effet de fausse familiarité dans le cadre du veillissement". Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR21002.
Navarro, Ocampo Gabriela. "L'impact psychologique de la chute : analyse de l'expérience corporelle et émotionnelle de la personne âgée et effets sur la qualité de vie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3086.
Falls among elderly people are common event that are considered as a public health issue. Falls are linked to several intrinsic and extrinsic factors and have consequences in the short and/or long term on the physical and psychological integrity of elderly individuals. The experience of a fall cause bodily pain, but also mental pain and distress. The main objective of this research is focused on the psychological consequences and the psychological process involved in the experience of falling whitin the elderly. Whith this aim we conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis while considering two steps: T1 (fall event) and T2 (three months after), in a sample of 60 elderly people divided into two groups: an experimental group (N=30) and control group (N=30). The results of our research show that the fall leads to a change in self-image, fear of falling and anxiety-depressive symptomatology with effects on the quality of life
Fabre, Ludovic. "Evolution avec l'âge des traitements cognitifs inconscients dans l'amorçage subliminal : étude comportementale, électrophysiologique et neurofonctionnelle". Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10068.
LeBlanc, Valérie. "L'acceptabilité des traitements de l'agitation verbale selon les personnes âgées". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26446/26446.pdf.
Ochs, Julien. "Développement d'un outil pour l'évaluation fonctionnelle des patients déments : introduction en France du Functional behavior profile et de sa version révisée". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENH005.
Adam, Anne-Marie. "Difficultés subjectives de sommeil chez les personnes âgées présentant ou non un trouble cognitif sans démence". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29698/29698.pdf.
Bellasfar, Souhir. "Dépression et flexibilité cognitive : le cas des personnes âgées". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20106.
This thesis is a contribution to the understanding of adaptive capacity of depressed and non-depressed aging adults. To achieve this goal we have used an experimental method and a clinical observation: a six-year longitudinal case study. The relationship between depression and cognitive flexibility is assessed by means of shifting and fluency tasks applied to two groups of non-dement depressed and non-depressed elderly who reside in nursing institutions.The quantitative and qualitative analysis shows a decrease in cognitive flexibility which highlights a negative correlation between depression and flexibility scores. We establish an analogy between daily adaptive behaviours and quantitative data, and we propose a theoretical mechanism that explains the adaptive behaviour of the elderly. Our case study offers a deeper understanding of the relationship between depression and cognitive flexibility, particularly the improvements of adaptive capacities due to a decrease of depression
Rico, Duarte Liliana. "Analyse de la mémoire sémantique dans le vieillissement normal et dans la maladie d'Alzheimer : mise à l'épreuve du modèle de la structure conceptuelle (Devlin et al., et Tyler et al., 1997-2002)". Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30030.
This research concerns the effects of normal ageing and pathology on the semantic memory system. Among the assumptions to study this topic, we focused on the distinction of living and non living concepts. Our work is based particularly on the conceptual structure account. This approach assumes that the semantic concepts will be represented in terms of features type, correlations among features and the relative distinctiveness or sharedness of those features. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis concerning the structure of concepts and their evolution in Alzheimer's disease. This process allows us to analyse and provide empirical data for some factors implied in the treatment of the living and non living concepts (familiarity, age of acquisition, feature types and distinctiveness). The study was carried out on a sample of normal subjects (young and elderly) and Alzheimer's patients. These subjects have been submitted to several tests. These subjects have been submitted to several tests. The results show that the distribution of the analyzed factors (familiarity, age of acquisition, feature type and distinctiveness) differs according to the semantic categories and in some cases according to subjects group. In Alzheimer's desease, the treatment of the living and non living concepts is affected by the distinctiveness, the feature type, the severity of the disease and the type of task. This work underlines the necessity of a multi-factor approach in the study of semantic memory and their evaluation in Alzheimer's disease
Vanderaspoilden, Valérie. "Effets du vieillissement sur la mémoire épisodique: rôle des facteurs cognitifs liés aux tâches et aux individus". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211515.
Ernd, Aline. "Développement et vieillissement des transferts intermodaux d'information". Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2011.
The sensory information integration concern several studies in cognitive psychology. In this work, we focus on the question of intramodal and cross modal interactions between vision (V) and touch (T). Two types of matching are studied : the first correspond to a classical recognition task in which objects are explored and recognized using the same sensory modality. The second concern cross modal transfer, in which participants explore the target with a modality and recognize it using another modality. This type of task require the information to be translated from a sensory modality to the other (amodal integration), or the use of a single code which is common to different senses (modal integration). Our studies focus on age effect and transfer condition effect on subject's performances, from childhood to elderly. Three experiments were carried out. The first concern 95 subjects (children, young and old adults) took part in the second experiment which concerns two transfers with tactual exploration (T-T and T-V). The results of these two studies indicate a significant age effect on performances, young adults obtain better scores than other groups. Moreover, results indicate a significant transfer condition effect on performances : scores are better when vision is used during the exploration phase. The third esperiment focus on cognitive processes that are plausibly mediate age effect on T-T and T-V conditions. 40 participants (young and old adults) took part in this study. The results show that different processes are involved in each condition. Integration speed mediate age effect in T-T condition, working memory and mental imagery mediate age effect in cross modal transfer T-V condition. This study show that sensory information transfer process changes along life and indicates that different cognitive factors are involved in this process according to transfer condition and people condition and people age-linked experience
Guerdoux, Estelle. "Plainte mnésique et vieillissement : implication des processus automatiques et contrôlés". Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30075.
Whereas subjective memory complaint is very common in later life, it remains an open question whether memory complaint does actually indicate cognitive impairment, because of its weak correlations with results on classic tests. In one hand, consensus is reached about an existing association between memory complaint and depression, anxiety or metacognitive decreased abilities. In another hand, previous researches have found selective age-related impairment in controlled influences of memory (recollection) in the presence of preserved automatic influences (habit). We argued that memory complaint results from an interaction between a subjective metacognitive awareness and a deficit in recollection. Using the Hay & Jacoby’s Habit paradigm (1996; 1999), an extension of the Jacoby’s (1991) Process-Dissociation Procedure, we have created a memory-slip test to separate the contribution of habit and recollection in a cued-recall task. By validating our tool, we showed that because a deficit of recollection, the effects of habit are sometimes left unopposed in middle-aged, older adults, depressed subjects, patients who suffer from Mild Cognitive Impairment and patients who suffer from Alzheimer Disease. It increased the likelihood that they will produce memory slips and that they will complain greater than control groups do about their memory (excepted in AD). Memory complaint finally differed qualitatively between young and elderly people in terms of both memory processes and metacognitive beliefs. Such dissociations support a model of dynamic cognition in which intentional influences and environmental support leave awareness and consciousness emerging
Laplante, Christian. "Comportements agressifs physiques associés à la démence : antécédents environnementaux observés en centre d'hébergement et de soins de longue durée". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23999/23999.pdf.
Belzil, Guylaine. "Escalade et résistance aux soins d'hygiène associée à la démence : Perspective interactionnelle sur l'impact des comportements des soignants". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29055/29055.pdf.
Rémy, Philippe. "Effets du vieillissement sur les fausses reconnaissances perceptives et conceptuelles : rôle de l'attention et de la mémoire de travail". Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2013/document.
Our studies have been based especially on the environmental study of Schacter, Koustaal, Gross et Johnson (1997), whose results showed the increase of the number of false recognitions with ageing in conditions of review of photography. It would be the consequence of a growing alteration of source memory. Our objectives were to study those perceptive aspects associated with the conceptual aspects of the processed information and the number of false recognitions linked to age effects. This thesis underlines the mediation of the working memory on the production of false recognitions in condition of integration and repetition due to the age effects. It also shows visual deficits linked to ageing concerning the recognition of verbal, abstract and associated visuals but which are not linked semantically, in conditions requiring strong attention means
Laprise, Réjeanne. "Les attentes en matière de consultation des aidants de personnes âgées dépressives dans une perspective communautaire". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ54015.pdf.
Petit, Sylvie. "Impact du cancer de la prostate sur la vie quotidienne du couple âgé". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21661/document.
Recent research consistently indicates that age is a major risk factor for cancer (Tubiana, 2002). Such is the case of prostate cancer, which is typically detected between the ages of 60 and 90 (average age of detection: 73 years). Coping with the physical effects of cancer is not the only challenge for elderly patients; cancer may also affect patient’s emotional and social lives as well. The current study presents results of an experience sampling study on the psychological impact of prostate cancer on the daily lives of elderly patients and their wives. We present data on 96 patients with prostate cancer and their spouse who were recruited from two Regional Center for the Fight Against Cancer in Bordeaux, France. Participants completed 3 daily assessments for 4 days (at the beginning of treatment, in the middle of treatment and at the end of treatment). The methodology has a number of advantages, including that it allows us to establish the relationship between variables (coping, quality of life, anxiety and depression), between subjects, and within the couple. The methodology also allows us to observe and compare the adjustment of patients and their partner following different ages (Swendsen, 1997, Czikszentmihalyi, 1984). Our results schowing three key points: First, we distinguiging the differences of feeling and coping strategies by spouses’age. The second point concern the concept of interindividual. This study discriminate behavior and emotions in everyday life of couples. The third important point concerns time management. There is an increased in feeling and psychosocial adjustement on the treatment. This study will help us to refine our knowledge and understanding of emotional adjustment and quality of life of patients with prostate cancer and their spouses. We will thus be able to realize the importance of taking into account the couple and not just patients in psychological interventions. This research is being funded by the National League for the Fight against Cancer, France
Baguet, Fanny. "Facteurs psycho-sociaux associés à la fatigue chez des patients âgés fragiles atteints d'un lymphome non hodgkinien : rôle de la dépression, du coping, du soutien social et de la routinisation". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30028/document.
Introduction: Thanks to the progress of treatments and early diagnosis, cancers are better cured. However, during the disease and its treatments, patients often experience fatigue which could have an impact on disease progression and survival. Medical and psycho-social factors are associated with fatigue, which makes them important to evaluate in order to consider them properly when taking care of patients. Cancer prevalence is higher in the elderly, who are more affected by fatigue. This fatigue increases with frailty, characterized by a state of weakness, slow walking speed or unintentional weight loss. This is why we chose to focus on this specific populationThe objective of this thesis is to study the role of several psychosocial factors (coping, social support, depression and routinization) associated with fatigue in frail elderly patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Method: This research, entitled Psyfrail, is an ancillary study to a randomized trial named Frail. The 50 patients included, with a mean age of 82 years old, were evaluated in terms of fatigue, depression, coping, social support and routinization during a meeting with a psychologist before the start of treatment (T1), in the middle (T2) and at the end (T3). Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyzes were conducted to highlight the factors associated with fatigue at different measurement times and with its evolution.Results: The use of problem-focused coping at T1 is associated with a decrease in general fatigue and reduced activity scores at T1 and a decrease in the reduced motivation score at T2. Routinization increases mental fatigue and reduced motivation scores at T2. Social support availability is associated with a smaller increase in the reduced motivation score over time. The decrease in general fatigue is reduced in patients with high level of emotion focused coping. Depression is associated with a higher fatigue at T1 and T2.Conclusion: The promotion of appropriate strategies to help patients cope with the disease and the treatment of depression could have a positive impact on reducing fatigue
Boudiaf, Naïla. "Effets du vieillissement normal sur la production lexicale : approche pluridisciplinaire". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS029/document.
Normal aging is associated with cognitive difficulties in many domains except for language, which is still under debate. However, older adults report difficulties in lexical production, which are also known to be associated with pathological aging, such as Alzheimer’s disease. This work aimed first to characterize the changes in the cognitive processes involved in lexical production using a behavioral approach, then to characterize the associated neurofunctional and vascular changes using fMRI. In the first study including 72 healthy participants, aged between 30 and 84 years, we showed a differential aging effect on lexical production and semantic processing. Naming was well preserved in terms of competences in normal aging; nevertheless, it was affected by the general cognitive slowdown. However, semantic processing was more affected by aging, probably due to inefficient executive control. The second study using fMRI confirmed these results and suggested the establishment of compensatory mechanisms to overcome cognitive difficulties. Finally, in the third study using vascular fMRI we described basal and functional cerebral perfusion modifications in normal aging as well as at early stages of pathological aging. We showed a strong relationship between the hemodynamical properties and the cognitive abilities. This multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral, neuropsychological, neurofunctional and cerebral perfusion imaging studies, provided a more complete picture of cerebral and cognitive changes in lexical production during normal aging
Ouvrard, Camille. "Précarité, vieillissement cognitif et fragilité : approche épidémiologique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0683/document.
Precariousness is associated with higher morbi-mortality. This phenomenon is less studied among the elderly than it is among adults. Yet, the aging of the population, as well as the increasing precariousness of the population, implies that a growing number of people in France are experiencing both conditions of aging and precariousness. The objective of this thesis is to better characterize the links between precariousness - defined with a psychosocioeconomic approach - and two issues related to aging: cognition and frailty. We first studied cognitive aging over 25 years within the Paquid cohort study. This study reported an accelerated cognitive decline and an increased risk of dementia for the precarious elderly. Then, this study was completed by including a measure of geographical deprivation and by applying a statistical methodology taking into account the competing risk of death. The results confirmed the association between psychosocioeconomic precariousness and the risk of dementia, but did not show any effects of geographical deprivation. In link with previous scientific literature, these two works have been the basis of a literature review on the impact of precariousness on cognitive aging submitted for publication. A final study examined the relationship between psychosocioeconomic precariousness, frailty and death. Based on the 14 years of follow-up of the 3 Cities cohort study, the results showed that both precariousness and frailty increased the risk of death but independently. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the impact of precariousness on aging and in particular, it emphasizes the influence of the psychosocial determinants of precariousness on health in terms of survival and better cognition
Hodzik, Suzanne. "Rôle des fonctions exécutives dans les variations stratégiques au cours du vieillissement". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10054.
Empirical studies on strategic variations during aging have shown that young andolder adults use multiple strategies to accomplish cognitive tasks. They also showed that older adults (a) use fewer strategies, (b) do not use available strategies with the same frequency as young adults (c) execute strategies less efficiently, and (d) select less frequently the best strategy than young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate which mechanisms underly the strategic differences in young and older adults. We tested the hypothesis that age related decline of executive functions mediate age-related differences in strategy repertoire, distribution, execution, and selection. To achieve these ends, we adopted correlational and experimental approaches. Results replicated previous data relative to differences between young and older adults in different strategy dimensions. Results also highlight crucial role ofexecutive functions, especially cognitive flexibility and inhibition, in strategy repertoire, selection, and execution. Implications for further our understanding of aging and strategic variations, as well as current theoretical models of strategy selection are discussed
Bon, Mélanie. "Les croyances ASP dans le suicide : quelle spécificité du sujet âgé ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3107.
In France, the number of suicide deaths is estimated at around 10,000 per year, 30% corresponds to elderly people. Remaining a taboo, it is still a difficult question to directly address to the public. This thesis focuses on the depression and addiction cognitive conceptions that are involved in psychological processes related to the decision for the suicide act. It furhter aims at enabling the identification of some age-related particularities. We think that certain beliefs may play an important role in the actual moment of carrying out the act. We have attempted to identify them by using a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose. We sought to determine whether some beliefs are different or more prevalent among elderly people, partly explaining their large number of suicides. A group of validated scales (Beck Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, , and Beck Hopelessness Scale) and the Suicidal Ambivalence Scale that we have developed were administered to a sample of 274 subjects aged 18 to 97 years old. Our statistical analysis showed that subjects adhered differently to certain kinds of beliefs, depending on their life experiences and age
Dorot, Delphine. "Vieillissement cognitif et accès au lexique : étude des processus d’activation et d’inhibition". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21739/document.
The aim of this study is to evaluate word access performances of young (M = 22.1 years) and older (M = 68.7 years) adults, and to specify possible changes in lexical activation and inhibition processes with aging. In the field of written word processing, six studies were conducted in which the participant vocabulary level was controlled. When using objective and subjective lexical measures appropriated to young and older adults (Experiment 1a), an age-related decreased was found for the objective frequency effect (Experiments 1b-2) and for the orthographic neighborhood frequency effect (Experiment 4) in the lexical decision task. Other data from this task indicated that the age-related change in the neighborhood frequency effect was sensitive to word familiarity ratings (Experiments 5-6) collected from young and older adults (Experiment 3). In field of the oral language production, two studies were run with a paradigm for inducing tip of the tongue (TOT) states. The results indicated that the number of TOT increased with aging (Experiment 7), which was not due to the vocabulary level. In addition, processing a word phonologically related to the target facilitated its recovery in young and older adults while processing a word semantically related to the target hindered its recovery, more for the older that for the young adults (Experiment 8). Overall, the combined hypothesis of activation and inhibition deficits, associated with linguistic characteristics of populations, can account for lexical performance changes with aging
Noel, Myriam. "La perception de soi au cours du vieillissement : approche normale et pathologique à travers l'étude de la chute". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00754972.
Trepied, Valentine. "Devenir dépendant : approche sociologique du grand âge en institution". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0045.
Giulioli, Caroline. "Fonctionnement cognitif et démence du sujet très âgé". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0663/document.
While persons aged 80 years and over, the so-called “oldest old”, constitute the fastest growing segment of the population worldwide and age is the major risk factor for developing dementia, only few studies have addressed cognition and dementia in this population. The first objective of this thesis was to review the epidemiological and neuropsychological data relating to oldest old in the context of normal aging and dementia. The lack of knowledge, tools and normative data for oldest old make neuropsychological assessment a real challenge for clinicians. For this reason, the second step consisted in computing normative data for seven neuropsychological tests commonly used in clinical practice collected in an oldest old population. Likewise, the tools generally used in older adults testing involve constraints that question the reliability of the measurement. The “Test des Neuf Images of the 93” (TNI-93), (meaning Nine Images test of the district of Seine-Saint-Denis in the suburb of Paris) - test evaluating episodic memory initially developed for low-educational level subjects - could deal with the testing difficulties due to clinical specificities of oldest old. Thus, in a third work, we assessed the relevance of TNI-93 in oldest old by providing normative data, and also by studying its dementia detection properties in this specific population. Taken together, these works may contribute to improve decision-making diagnosis in oldest old population even though it is necessary to underline the importance of promoting research in this domain to deal with the clinical and neuropsychological challenges of the very old age
Rossat, Arnaud. "Politique de prévention des chutes chez les plus de 65 ans : ciblage de la population, efficacité et efficience des interventions et contribution spécifique des Centres d’Examen de Santé de l’Assurance Maladie (C.E.S.)". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10218/document.
The prevention of falls amongst the elderly population is a major public health concern. Since the elderly live longer and longer, it is crucial to think of efficient measures in order to prevent such falls. Falls amongst the elderly can have dramatic consequences such as a decrease in quality of life, a loss of autonomy as will cause financial difficulty due to high cost of rehabilitation. However, depending upon the complexity of the fall and its multiple determinants, diagnosing and evaluating the risk of a fall remains complicated, particularly amongst those in "good health". While multi interventional programs may exist such as equilibrium coordination and muscular reinforcement, these programs are rarely proved to be efficient in fall prevention. An adapted and efficient method of prevention must be centered on quality and satisfaction of the patient in the offered care. Such method would imply replacement of an older organization with a system defined in a network activity. However, this method would go hand in hand with the modifications in professional practices and identities. In this thesis I will examine the success rate to implement a structured method of health care prevention against falls. To achieve this prevention, we must first present the necessary conditions and tools which will homogenize and standardize these success rates. Next, I will analyze the characteristics of current methods to prevent falls in order to modernize and rationalize the process. In order to be successful, this process needs to be targeted towards a network strategy
Aymard, Stephane. "Les principes de solidarité et d'autonomie à l'aune de la dépendance des personnes âgées". Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1016.
Is it possible to avoid, through a solidarity mechanism, that medical dependence (needing help to perform daily activities) be converted into social dependence? Is it possible to do so in such a way that we preserve the ideal of autonomy for the dependent elderly? In the present context, the autonomy of the dependent elderly appears as a real challenge because it conveys the notion of an opportunity for these people to remain in control of their lives, able to make decisions. This thesis examines the question of autonomy both in theoretical and practical terms, and shows the conditions under which its effectiveness is possible. Specifically, this thesis highlights (i) the conditions of implementation for decision-making autonomy: the presence of caregivers and developments in architectural space, (ii) the notional issues surrounding the concept of dependency: differentiation of the concept of autonomy , connections with disability and, especially, situations of dependence (iii) the characteristics of the caregiver-relationship that oscillates between asymmetrical and reciprocal relationship, (iv) the important role played by individual and institutional actors in the achievement of independence, (v) the analysis of situations that undermine freedom as non-domination such as consent-giving (in connection with nursing homes), denial of care, coercive restraint, paternalism, (vi) the ethics of solidarity. In order to protect the elderly against social domination situations, it seems that our apprehension of them as individuals first is crucial
Niemier, Jean-Yves. "Détermination et amélioration des critères décisionnels de prise en charge des personnes âgées atteintes de cancer". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0237.
Objective : To identify changes in the decision-making criteria of general ractitioners and oncologists concerning the care of elderly cancer patients after one year of corrective measures for care practices in the Lorraine region, France. Methods : In 2014, a postal mail questionnaire was sent to all GPs and oncologists in the Lorraine region. This questionnaire was designed to identify physicians decision-making criteria. It was based on the results of a literature review and on existing guidelines. During one year, corrective measures were implemented to improve practices, especially training sessions for physicians and production of specific tools including a guide to the accepted ideas in geriatric oncology. In 2015, the same questionnaire was resent to the same medical population to compare the answers. We also performed a complementary qualitative study of general practitioners and elderly people in charge of oncogeriatric consultation. Results : In 2014, 535 questionnaires were returned out of 2925 sent and in 2015, 480 were returned out of 2987 sent. Our results show for the first time that there exists a significant difference in the overall decision criteria between the two survey periods. Physicians tend to consider the principal decision criteria to be less important after the training period. GPs and oncologists express the importance of the interval before care begins. The qualitative study confirms this data, with a need for training. Patients express significant satisfaction with their care pathway. Conclusion : Training and information sessions for physicians remain the most important tool for improving care practices. The analysis of our data makes it possible to further integrate the patient into the care path, which remains a public health issue in terms of cost and organization
Zerrar, Corinne Thanina. "La demande d'assurance dépendance". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED051/document.
This thesis aims at better understanding long-term care insurance puzzle. Three determinants of the long-term care insurance market low development are studied here: individual preferences, self-insurance and myopia. To do so, we use two surveys that have introduced dependency-specific modules: “Preferences and patrimony against time and risk” and “Health Care and Insurance”. The results highlight the role of these three determinants of long-term care insurance demand in the low development of the market. If myopia advocate for a government intervention in French citizens long-term care planning, the impact of individual preference and self-insurance behaviors suggest that the nonpurchase of long-term care policies is economically rational
Vallet, Guillaume. "Une approche incarnée du vieillissement normal et pathologique : compréhension du fonctionnement mnésique selon les interactions entre mémoire et perception". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29087/29087.pdf.
Normal aging as Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by memory disorders, primarily for episodic memory. These two populations also present a sensory and perceptive decline, which are strongly correlated with their cognitive impairment. The links between memory and perception may be easily explained in the embodied cognition theory. Indeed, embodiment states that knowledge dynamically emerges from a single memory system in which knowledge remains grounded in its properties, essentially sensory-motor properties. Consequently, perception and memory are closer than previously thought and the links between perception and memory moving to the foreground. The objective of the present research is to assess the embodied cognition theory applied to normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease. To this aim, the nature of the semantic multisensory interactions was tested. According to the multiple memory systems framework, these interactions are indirect and semantic, whereas the embodied cognition theory states that these interactions are direct and perceptual. Young adults, healthy elderly and patients with Alzheimer’s disease completed two experiments. Each experiment was composed of a complete neuropsychological battery and one cross-modal priming paradigm (audition to vision). The novelty of the paradigm was to present a visual meaningless mask for half of the sound primes. Experiment 1 was composed of two distinct phases, whereas the prime and the target were presented in the same trial in Experiment 2. The adaptation of the paradigm in Experiment 2 allowed manipulating the semantic congruency in order to test the attention hypothesis that might underlie the cross-modal interactions. The results demonstrated a significant cross-modal priming effect in young and healthy elderly adults. The mask has interfered with the priming effect only in the semantic congruent situations. The mask interference and its specificity support the direct and perceptual nature hypothesis of the semantic multisensory interactions. This is suggesting that young and elderly adults have modal knowledge. Reversely, the patients with Alzheimer’s disease did not show any priming effect while the effect is perceptual. This result supports the cerebral disconnection hypothesis in Alzheimer’s disease. The data taken together suggest that memory disorders in normal aging could be related to a degradation of the quality of their perception and thus of knowledge. Memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease might come from an integration disorder to bind dynamically the different components of a memory. The present research support the embodied cognition theory and demonstrates the interest of this kind of approach to explore memory functioning in neuropsychology, such as in aging. These approaches open new avenues of research by focusing on processes rather than systems and by putting on the foreground the interactions between memory and perception.
Chekhchoukh, Abdessalem. "Substitution visuelle par électro-stimulation linguale : étude des procédés affectant la qualité de perception". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS035/document.
Our perception of the world is by essence multimodal. Various sensory cues (vision, hearing, touch, etc.) are hence integrated to allow us the execution of daily life activities. When one sense organ is missing or impaired, in some circumstances, the central nervous system can replace or reinforce the missing sensory information by using reliable sensory information coming from an other intact sense organ. This doctoral thesis was designed to explore this so-called ‘sensory substitution' concept through the exploitation of a visual-to-tactile sensory substitution device. the Tongue Display Unit (TDU) is made of a 12x12 electro-tactile matrix capable of rendering visual scences on the dorsal part of the tongue.However, the effectiveness of this device suffers from numerous drawbacks among which two main problems : (i) the problem of ‘fading' (mitigation) which corresponds to a rapid loss of perception of electrostimulation signal by the individuals and (ii) the problem of multimodal fusion. In the present work, we propose to investigate these problems and their effects on the quality of perception, by (i) applying some eye-inspired mechanisms (micro-saccades) to the electro-tactile signal on the tongue, (ii) studying how individuals perceive a picture signal with multi-modal perceptual (visual stimulus + substitution on the tongue) and (iii) the effect produced contradictions of information in this context.This work evidence the importance of applying saccades and sparkle mechanisms in electro-tactile signal to resolve the problem of fading especially when stimulation periods are relatively long. Furthermore, the experiments we have conducted on multi-modal perception and contradictions suggested that the perception of image information through the TDU was comparable to that of vision. Finally, we were able to identify a conflicting information fusion effect between visual perception and electrotactile tongue perception. This phenomenon is known as Mc Gurck effect (fusion of visual and auditory information). Understanding the effect of these processes to improve the quality of perception through the visual substitution paradigm and the importance of multi-modal fusion effects during this thesis could be applied in various areas where these effects are present or required, especially in the emerging field of prosthetic vision