Tesis sobre el tema "Psychologie de l'apprentissage – Études comparatives"
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Noe, Manon. "Par le prisme de la bienveillance, impact des systèmes éducatifs sur les élèves et les enseignants des systèmes scolaires français et américain (Californie)". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024STRAG008.
Texto completoThe aim of this exploratory study is to gain a better understanding of this concept in the light of the demand for benevolence made of teachers and schools as a whole. Through this thesis, we are interested in the impact of education systems on pupils and teachers, through the prism of benevolence. Through two field studies (French school system / Californian school system - San Diego), we are attempting to identify elements for understanding what benevolence is in a school context. We note that benevolence is a vague concept, fraught with prejudices and personal translations, which can hinder its deployment. We therefore feel it is necessary to refine its conceptualization and the criteria for its operationalization so that it can be understood and implemented in the classroom. By means of observations, questionnaires and interviews, we are attempting to define what it is, how it is expressed by the various members of the educational community, but also how it is perceived and felt by those who benefit from it (or not) and what impact its implementation may have within classes, within relationships and on individuals. The results show that when benevolence is seen as an obstacle to high standards, teachers only think of applying it in the absence of difficulties, which are of all kinds. Finally, the example of San Diego shows that, thanks to genuine, comprehensive training in benevolence, it can be implemented with a real impact on teachers and pupils
Robert, Bénédicte. "De l'apprentissage au changement : les politiques scolaires de compensation en France et aux États-Unis (1965-2006)". Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007IEPP0056.
Texto completoThis research work looks at how education systems change, using two compensatory programs in the United States and in France ("Title 1" and the ZEP policy). Can education policies change teaching in heavily institutionalized settings? We argue that implementation is an incremental process, but that certain policy instruments can foster learning of those in charge of implementation. Since 1994 in the United States, and to a lesser degree since 2006 in France, "Title I" and the ZEP policy are no longer governed by fiscal accountability but by educational accountability. This change has occurred less as a result of lesson-drawing from implementation than as a result of outside factors, such as economically-driven standards-based reform, the election of a Republican president in favor of education, and a new budget process (LOLF). Accountability transforms schools, and in some cases drives them towards equality of outcomes. In other cases however, accountability disrupts teaching in a dysfunctional way. At the policy level, there is much left to learn from these discrepancies. This study relies on process-tracing. On top of secondary sources, we looked at historical sources, supplemented by extensive interviews in four urban districts in the United States and in France
Boyer, Maud. "Les mécanismes d'abstraction dans l'apprentissage de séquence: études empiriques et modélisation". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211519.
Texto completoDamon, Cécilia. "Réduction de dimension et régularisation pour l'apprentissage statistique et la prédiction individuelle en IRMf". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112107.
Texto completoPredictive multivariate methods have yet been rarely explored in fMRI at the inter-subject level. An important inter-subjects anatomo-functional variability and the large dimension of fMRI data in comparison to the few number of subjects complicates the identification of the inter-subjects functional variability specific to a phenotype of interest and increases the overfitting phenomenon of classification techniques. Our first objective aims to explore the various approaches available in the field of supervised statistical learning and well-known to control the overfitting problem and more specifically two means: the feature selection and the regularised classification. Our second goal consist in defining a rigorous methodology of the different proposed strategies at several levels: (i) global: comparison of all the strategies based on all the datasets; (ii) local: comparison restricted to a particular subset of strategies based on all the datasets; (iii) individual: comparison of a pair of strategies based on a single dataset. We tested four couples of data (fMRI contrast, phenotypic information) extracted from a large database, including about 200 healthy subjects that have realized the same experimental protocol. We also constructed simulated datasets with a multivariate discriminant signal. The comparative analysis and the function patterns visualisation revealed the strategy combining the multivariate features selection RFE and the SRDA classifier as the most efficient. This strategy identified parcimonious predictive patterns and obtained good predictive performances proved to be relevant only when the contrast-to-noise ratio was strong
Khelifi, Rachid. "Traitement de l'information latérale au cours de l'apprentissage de la lecture : études comparatives chez l'apprenti lecteur". Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30034.
Texto completoThis thesis explore in beginning readers processing of lateral information in isolated reading task and eye movement in text reading. In a first serie of experiments, we show that beginning readers are sensitive to the lateral information. This sensitivity depends upon the difficulty of the central word that is under processing, but also upon the nature of the lateral information (linguistic versus non linguistic). Control of the visual attention could be less developped in beginning readers that in expert readers. In a second serie of experiments, our results indicate that increased reading skill goes hand in hand with the ability to extract more information from lateral vision. Differance are also evidenced between beginning readers and expert readers in the way initiation of the lexical processing from lateral information is achieve. In a third serie of experiments, results show that in text reading, beginning readers make shorter saccades, had higher fixation durations and higher refixation probabilities than in older or expert readers. Developmental differences that are evidenced are mainly linked to cognitive processes than oculomotor processes
Hubert, Valérie. "L'apprentissage procédural cognitif : études comportementales et en neuroimagerie fonctionnelle chez des sujets jeunes et âgés". Caen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CAEN1452.
Texto completoCho, Heeyean. "Le début de l'apprentissage des nombres : comparaison entre la France et la Corée : observation de dyades parent-enfant dans un contexte de jeu (jeu de la marchande)". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H067.
Texto completoThe international investigations showing important differences of performance in the field of mathematics, this thesis provides comparative data for two countries, Korea and France, which contrast well from this point of view. The comparison relates to the beginnings of the use of the numbers in contexts of interaction between parent and child at pre-school age are based on the idea that the family contributes to transmit values associated with knowledge; these values are supposed to be determining for the later investment of the children in the school apprenticeships. Ten dyads Korean parent-child were video-taped in a context of game ("merchandising game") suitable for inducing all kinds of numerical activities (enumeration, labelling, notation of the quantities and prices, meeting of collections, etc). The children (boys and girls) are aged from 3 to 6 years-old. Ten comparable French dyads according to parent's and children's gender (boy/girl; father/mother) and to the socio-economic level are used as reference for the comparison. The data are analyzed from the point of view of the activities suggested to the child by the adult and of the knowledge concerning the way in which the adult develops what the child makes. These data provide a sight of the differences related to the mathematical activities at pre-school age in the two countries
Pochon, Régis. "Reconnaissance des expressions faciales émotionnelles chez l'enfant porteur de trisomie 21 : approche développementale et comparative". Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUEL535.
Texto completoWe proposed a matching task consisting of pairing an emotional sound and a human face and, after that a noise with an animal. A second task required children to choose an emotional facial expression on the basis of its verbal label. Down syndrome children do not differ with other children in emotional recognition abilities of human faces pictures. Results are compared with those of children with mental retardation and typical children matched on developmental age (K ABC, non-verbal scale). Results do not validate Kasari’s presumption concerning with emotional recognition deficit in Down children of 4 years of developmental age mental. However, they show difficulties for choosing the appropriate facial expression on the basis of a verbal label. The label superiority effect, described by Russel and Widen (2002), and found in our developmental data, is not present in mentally retarded children. Theses findings emphasize the importance of the verbal categories in emotional understanding
Jelisavac, Bevanda Jovanka. "Éducation préscolaire et besoins fondamentaux de l'enfant : quelques expériences européennes comparées à la configuration française". Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STET2134.
Texto completoValerio, Stéphane. "Evolution et interaction des composantes représentationnelles et associatives de l'apprentissage et de la mémoire chez la souris : études comportementales et neurobiologiques". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13414.
Texto completoSakkour, Sam. "Etude comparative et expérimentale de l'expression de la douleur chez les patients cancéreux français et syriens". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1637.
Texto completoGiraudeau, Caroline. "Guidage des apprentissages chez l'enfant d'âge pré-scolaire : comparaison des interactions avec différents tuteurs (Éducatrices de jeunes enfants, enseignantes, mères et assistantes maternelles)". Nantes, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NANT3017.
Texto completoHoang, Mai Khanh. "Les pratiques éducatives parentales et l'autonomie de l'enfant : étude comparative France - Viêt-Nam". Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100073.
Texto completoThe objective of this research consists in studying the educational practices of Vietnamese parents in relation with the child's autonomy, then in comparing the educational practices of the Vietnamese parents with those of the French parents. The Vietnamese parents describe their practices like cordial, encouraging the child's autonomy, rather than authoritarian, punitive. The results show the influence of the independent variables (sociocultural level, parent's and child's identity) on the educational practices. The results show the impact of the specificities cultural and social on the parental educational practices in France and in Vietnam, also the similar tendencies in the parental practices of the two cultural groups. This study reveals that, whatever the sociocultural context, the acquisition of the child's autonomy develops well in a cordial family atmosphere with implied parents
Cassan, Damien. "Une comparaison internationale de l'apprentissage et de la socialisation des policiers en France et en Angleterre : le gardien de la paix et le Police constable". Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL12016.
Texto completoL'apprentissage sur le tas de l'élève gardien de la paix est peu organisé et beaucoup plus informel, notamment en raison de l'absence d'un tuteur identifié. L'" intégration" de la recrue passe par une période, de 'retrait' et d'observation sensiblement plus longue. La thèse intègre le concept anglo-saxon de "cop culture" "la culture du patrouilleur policier "). Si ses grands traits caractéristiques se vérifient (avec toutefois quelques nuances) dans les deux polices, la différence la plus significative mise à jour par cette enquête in situ renvoie aux interactions entre la patrouille de police et le public. La recrue française est socialisée à une attitude plus distante (voir indifférente dans certaines situations) face au public et un accent mis sur le répressif, alors que la recrue anglaise intègre des dispositions de dialogue, et d'actions de service aux citoyens plus marquées. Ces observations correspondent à des différences en terme d'" accountability" (action de rendre compte). Malgré des volontés politiques du côté français pour rapprocher la police de la population, et une tendance à la centralisation de l'action policière en Angleterre, nos observations montrent une police française rendant davantage compte à l'Etat, et une police anglaise "accountable " vis-à-vis de sa " communauté "
Lee, Ji-Eun. "Etude du malaise dans les échanges communicatifs chez les apprenants coréens et japonais en situations d’apprentissage du français langue étrangère en France". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAC039.
Texto completoDespite the existing heterogeneity in the class of “French as a foreign language”, there is an element shared by both Korean and Japanese learners, regardless of their study level, field of study, or the duration of their stay in France : a common feeling of not being able to speak French well enough. That observation and the resulting insecurity it causes are often based on subjective criteria, resulting from the idea of an idealized French as well as the learning goals they are supposed to reach. But this depreciation and self-depreciation can also be caused by the attitudes of native speakers which make the learners feel their weakness. From the moment their communicative experiences are marked by a repetitive disparaging judgment towards their French, self-depreciation reinforced by hetero-depreciation eventually generates some discomfort which gradually transforms itself into a kind of a penalizing agent that would take its strength from learning French with questionable results. Even if both public shares a similar depreciative linguistic attitude, communicative standards or similar linguistic dispositions, investigations show that the characteristic unease felt by Korean learners is not always similar to that felt by Japanese learners, as their French is not apprehended in the same way by French native speakers
Lemes, Lila Maria. "Le rôle des thêmata dans la structuration des ensembles représentationnels : étude des couples justice-injustice et égalité-inégalité dans deux populations (Brésil-France)". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H080.
Texto completoThis work presents the role of themata in the dynamics of social representations, as studied in the relationships between "justice/injustice" and "equality/inequality. " The first two studies demonstrate that the relationship between two opposing social representations contribute to the organization of four social representations: injustice, inequality, equality and justice. Thelast two studies are intended to demonstrate that the interactions between these four objects of social thinking work as a framework to interpret situations. To uncover any historical and cultural reasons for the organization, we systematically compared, in all of the studies, the findings from Brazil and France. The results demonstrate that the relationships of opposing social representations are organized into groups composed of distinct social representations. When we compared them, they demonstrated symmetries and asymmetries. These groups of social representations generate a framework in which to interpret reality, and they seem to be independent of any sociohistorical roots
Maarrawi, Juliette. "La réussite scolaire dans l'enseignement professionnel en Syrie et en France, en fonction de l'orientation scolaire après la classe de troisième". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG019/document.
Texto completoThe two selected countries differ with respect to their Options process, and report to the criterion that takes this approach.The Options process is a choice which is an indicator (a measure) of motivation which is a central element and determiner of success at school. We study the importance of choice in the Options process, and the types of student motivation, as well as the role of motivation in academic success. Then we study the effect of the Options process on academic success and the clarity of perspectives on career prospects. We applied a quantitative method based on a questionnaire carried out among 227 students in France and 289 students in Syria. We found a dependant relationships on Options advice through the lack of good grades and the type of motivation on one hand and clarity of professional future prospects of students on the other
Croteau-Bouffard, Marie-Hélène. "La progression de l'explication dans l'investigation collective d'une problématique sociale à l'écrit par des élèves du secondaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/25035/25035.pdf.
Texto completoNajai, Mouna. "Développement lexical précoce et biais nominal : études expérimentales et approche interlangue français / arabe". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF20026.
Texto completoBesson, Gaël. "La prudence du juge : l'exemple japonais". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0115/document.
Texto completoWhat is the judge's prudence? The question is not new, but the authors are more interested in the reasons of prudence (the why) than in the way of this prudence (the how). In this research, we opt for the second approach: prudence is a set of techniques used by the judge. What are these techniques, these doctrines of prudence? Some, such as divided society or political issues, undermine the very idea of the judiciary. Others, such as legal interest or disposability, prevent access to court. And in the particular lawsuit of the norm that is the control of constitutionality, some allow the judge to avoid the question put to him, to avoid to look at the text of law that one asks him to sanction, and especially to avoid looking at the constitution. We will present these doctrines and their diverse origins. They are American, German, French and for the most creative of them, Japanese. If the Japanese judge is considered one of the most cautious in the world to have strike down in only 60 yeans a handful of statutes, if 90% of the administrative disputes result in a victory of the state, reason and manner are found in these doctrines
Petitfils, Charlotte. "Éthique de la maternité de substitution : le point de vue du public français et des étudiants indiens". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20120.
Texto completoOur research deals with ethical questions about surrogate motherhood. Both of our studies are based on the Integration Information Theory of N.H. Anderson (1981). The first one took place in France with general public: 236 people of whom 62 men and 174 women. They judged the non acceptability of surrogacy on 54 scenarios combining four factors: “Type of surrogacy », « Surrogate mother’s level of autonomy », « Surrogate mother’s family situation » and «Level of Compensation ».The second study took place in India with 430 students, 275 of whom were women and 155 were men. Indian students judged the non acceptability of surrogacy on the same 54 scenarios. Further to the results different groups of judgment politics emerged for both studies. In France, four groups of participants distinguish. Even if these groups put forward different judgements, the factor « Autonomy » obtained general consensus. Finally, 50% of our French sample doesn’t agree with the surrogate motherhood procedure. In the second study, also four groups of participants distinguish. Almost 25% of the sample does not give a judgment about surrogacy and more than 50% agrees with the surrogate motherhood procedure depending on different circumstances defining the situation. The judgment of non acceptability is influenced by the factors presented and the emergence of different positions among the participants is noted
Huaman, Ramirez Richard. "When is consumer desire impacted by difficulty of recall ? : the effects of the type of information, expectation and time pressure". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1054.
Texto completoThis thesis demonstrates that difficulty in recalling past consumption of a preferred product influences the desire to consume that product. More specifically, this research evaluate how desire is influenced by what kind of information from past consumption experience is recalled (semantic or episodic information) during a difficult recall task, by the expected difficulty of recall task, and by time pressure. An experimental method was adopted and three empirical studies were conducted. Hypotheses were tested on data collected across different samples: Peruvian, Chinese, and French consumers. Participants were principally university students. A total of eleven experimental scenarios were presented to participants including different types of products (soft drinks, hedonic products, and leisure activities). Questionnaires were administrated by web and face-to-face. Our contribution has the potential to help marketers take action regarding the recall of past rewarding consumptions. To evoke more desire, consumers must be conditioned to difficult recalls of past consumptions of preferred products; marketers must specially focus on semantic information of past experiences and condition consumers with a time pressure. The results suggest that the type of information processed (semantic versus episodic) and time pressure influence the effect of the difficult recall of past consumption on desire. This research focuses on a holistic recall of past experiences and the retrieval process of information from memory, and confirms the Chaiken and Trope (1998)’s Dual-Process Theory
Touchet, Claire. "Habiletés sociales et langagières des personnes porteuses du syndrome de Williams : comparaisons intersyndromique". Thesis, Amiens, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AMIE0013/document.
Texto completoThis research aims to study the development of language, theory of mind and emotion recognition in Williams syndrome (WS). This syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic origins. The WS is characterized by a specific sociocognitive profile including mild to moderate intellectual disability (Bellugi, Marks, Bihrle, & Sabo, 1988 ; Mervis & Bertrand, 1999). The distinctive hypersocial phenotype of people with SW, in particular their attractiveness to the faces and their willingness to interact with others, may affect the development of their social and language skills. These different abilities were evaluated by 4 experiments with the same group of 16 participants with SW. Their performance was compared with that of 16 participants with Down syndrome, that of 16 typical children who were matched for verbal age and that of 16 typical children who were matched for non-verbal reasoning. Using a matching approach and developmental trajectories, the analysis of the results point out impaired skills for the WS group. The link between language and theory of mind in the SW seems similar to that existing in typical development. However, cross-syndrome comparisons reveal specificities in the socio-cognitive profile of WS, especially the excessive production of social engagement devices and their good ability to attribute emotions. The hypersocial behavior and ease of interaction of people with WS seem to contribute to overestimating their sociocognitive and global skills
Jabbour, Rhéa. "La discrimination à raison de l'apparence physique (lookisme) en droit du travail français et américain : approche comparatiste". Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010310/document.
Texto completoThe obsession with looks is predominant in our societies. The question of looks-based (weight, height, general attractiveness, attire, hair style, hygiene, piercings or tattoos, .. ) discrimination or lookism in the workplace is a multi-disciplinary question in relation to legal, social, ethical psychological, and business-related aspects, having a global and historical impact. Stereotypes are directly reflected in the job market (mainly in recruitment, salaries, promotion and firing). Has an employer the right to only hire tall and thin woman, to prohibit piercing or jogging or even (fire a woman for being too 'attractive'? In which cases and jobs? Should we legally prohibit lookism? How can the law and case law create a balance between the rights and liberties at stake? This thesis will shed the light on (i) the international, European, French and American (federal, sta1 and local) legal framework; (ii) major obstacles to a lookism-prohibition (difficulty of proof subjectivity, absence of a defined legal category; the employers' counter-arguments, ...), (iii) the reactions of American and French case law; and (iv) will conceive an ideal law, in balance between the rights and interests at hand. One question arises : is the law sufficient by itself? Does society changes the laws or is it the other way around?
Nyee-Doggen, Judith. "L'activité de prise de notes en situation de cours : comparaison des pratiques d'étudiants de Français langue maternelle et de Français langue étrangère". Paris 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA030018.
Texto completoConsidering notes taken while attending a course as a writing genre anchored in a specific discursive background, the parameters of which are to be taken into account, this thesis confronts the oral discourse of a young teacher (delivered in French) with the notes taken by French and Dutch students. In an often interdisciplinary approach, note taking has been examined in cognitive psychology, linguistics and didactics. The first part of the thesis consists in an assessment of these studies. Contrary to most of these works that rest on the practices of note takers, one of our objectives is to analyze the interrelation between teacher's discourse – which, through more or less explicit hints, constantly guides the note takers – and note taking. To make this oral discourse and these notes interrelate, several levels of analysis have been considered in the second part: that of the lexical units, of the clause, of the discourse. However, to assess the activity of note taking itself, intermediate stages have been defined according to their pragmatic role. The last part deals with the results that can be drawn from our studies. The reduction processed by note takers has thus been assessed and qualified. The reaction to the hints given by the teacher and entailing note taking has also been measured. These analyses made it possible to distinguish between different note taking modes. If Dutch and French students differ in their practices on a few points, it appears that the main differences lie in an individual practice of note taking. Some suggestions intending at providing some help to students have been sketched out according to the difficulties met with by note takers
Lao, Newman. "Le problème de la politique et de la religion chez William James et Théodore Flournoy". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010505.
Texto completoLn this dissertation, the psychologies and philosophies of William James and Théodore Flournoy have been compared and analyzed through their respective conception of poli tics and religion. Indeed, by comparing their ideas, the question of politics and religion proved to be important as these two academies, who were first of all friends, had developed their thoughts ever since their first meeting in 1889 from a common ambition to reconcile science and religion. Accordingly, this investigation had to begin with their different conceptions of religion. To this domain they applied a psychological perspective to identify, from the basis of results achieved in 1901-1902, sorne theoretical differences that enlighten two opposed philosophical viewpoints. ln fact, it's from their psychological theories on religion that one can perceive two orientations, which exposes contradictory political stances. The question of politics is particularly relevant since William James didn't want philosophy to remain on a theoretical level, given that the vocation of philosophy according to him was verification, whereas Flournoy had â rather idealistic view on philosophy, which he considered as an area without obstacles where the freedom of imagination provided for the interplay of heterogeneous and experimental elements (telepathy and telekinesis). ln this regard, Flournoy's conception of creative imagination points out the originality needed to understand the subversive dimension of his thought
Ledoux, Julien. "L'approche philosophique des œuvres littéraires à l'école primaire : des médiations pour aider l'enfant à devenir élève". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA3004/document.
Texto completoThe french education has come to a total mutation ; lots of questions concerning the child and his relationship with the school or with adults are raising up. If we consider that the pupil is also the fruit of a Human Being, endowed with feelings (affects), carrying his own but also collective story, we'll try to understand, thanks to psychoanalisis, how the fear of learning and the difficulty of thinking are revealing a real mutation that we cannot ignore any more. The child cannot leave his affects on the doorstep of the school ; effectively, nor our society, nor our culture take care of these feelings any more. Moreover, his anxiety is relative to existential questions. Now, it appears that the youth literature, written in this infinite cultural flood, taking its source in the oral and ancestral tradition of mythology and fairy tales, may represent an exceptional cultural mediation in order to allow the child to restore his imagination function very closed to his reflexive capacity, basis of all the school training. In this way, the youth literature, including collective representations and staging a potential personal experience located in the realm of imagination, would allow the child to create the link between his daily way of living and the concept: his personal story and his place in the world (universality) in a real perspective of anthropology of school knowledge
Chaillou, Cedric. "« Nouveaux symptômes » et Choix inconscients : de l’impasse du trouble des conduites aux sorties possibles de la délinquance". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2020. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2020theseChaillouCComplet.pdf.
Texto completoFrom a critical study of the Conduct Disorder, we will successively set out the different scientific theories focused onto crime and antisocial behavior in order to select the ones that seem to be the most relevant to address the question. Our research was able to reveal the scientific limits of these kind of behaviors. In a first part, questioning its meaning and its evolution into the international nosography. Then, we studied the evaluation methods, the different factors and the preventions given for this Disorder : no consensus theory emerge from the researchers. In a second part, we treated the different theories that enlighten the point of views about this Disorder which are linked to the behavioral problems and crimes. We demonstrated that some theories were in relationship with others depending on their topics and others theories had their limits in their core. In a third part, we put forward a revaluation of the Psychopathology of the behavioral problems with the contribution of the Psychoanalysis and Sociology. We sustain that the desistance (the cessation of offending or other antisocial behavior) is more relevant to seize the processes, it enables the social link and makes the biological perspectives go away. This concept can throw new light from the unconscious choices of the subject, several clinical cases allow us to illustrate and consider a therapeutic efficiency into the effects of the language
Bruno, Alisée. "Les étudiants de basse classe sociale face au risque de mobilité ascendante : quels impacts sur l’adoption de buts de performance-évitement et sur les performances ?" Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAL005/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to identify psychological processes involved in the upward mobility process. More specifically, we tested in what extent mobility process experienced by lower-class students can lead them to adopt performance-avoidance goals (i.e., fear of failure), which may subsequently negatively impact their performances. In the first study, the link between performance-avoidance goals and performances was tested among lower and higher-class students. The results showed that the adoption of performance-avoidance goals negatively predicted performance of lower-class students (not that of higher-class students) and particuarly if they had good academic results (i.e., more likely to live a mobility experience). The purpose of the second study was to test the role of mobility process as a mediator of the link between social class and the adoption of performance-avoidance goals among lower and higher-class students. The results of this study showed that it is because lower-class students experience upward mobility that they adopt more performance-avoidance goals than their higher-class counterparts. Finally, in the 3 latest studies (studies 3a, 3b and 3c), we tested the impact of mobility process on the adoption of performance-avoidance goals and of high school students’ performances. The results of study 3a showed that within lower-class high school students, the salience of the mobility process increased the adoption of performance-avoidance goals and reduced performances in Mathematics. Moreover, performance-avoidance goals seem to be a mediator of the interaction between social class and salience of the mobility process on mathematics performances, although this effect is not replicated in studies 3b and 3c. The results of the meta-analysis carried out on these last three studies, tend to confirm this assumption. Overall, these results highlight that fear of mobility process would be a mechanism behind the difficulties faced by high school students/students of low social class in academic context to explain, then, their least performances
Quinte, Jana. "Cycle de la vie des plantes à fleurs - lebenszyklus der blütenpflanzen : étude comparative des conceptions d'élèves en Alsace et au Baden-Württemberg". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG013/document.
Texto completoThis research aims to investigate students’ conceptions about the life cycle of flowering plants in both Alsace and Baden-Württemberg, in primary and secondary schools, to detect potential factors influencing student’s conceptions and to identify main learning obstacles. Three elements structured this PhD-thesis: 1) an exploratory investigation with the help of interviews (n=49) ; 2) a context analysis of references in natural sciences and in the socio-cultural domain, of “curricula to teach” through school programmes and manuals, and of “taught curricula” ; 3) a main investigation using questionnaires (n=1388). The instruments included questions to key concepts (seed, flower, fruit) and processes (pollination, fecundation, fructification, formation of seeds, dissemination), which characterize the life cycle of flowering plants. Students were especially asked to order different development stages of plants and to explain their ordering. Different mental models could be derived from the results. Moreover, results were related to those of the context analysis. Conceptualizations of the life cycle of plants depend, amongst others, on those of the sexual reproduction and thus the type of plant (flower, fruit tree). Cultural differences were also identified
Warda, Fatin. "La vie de couple : approche interculturelle et comparative entre les couples syriens, français et franco-syriens". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG031.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on « the life of couples: comparative study between Syrian couples, French and Franco-Syrian ». This study highlights relationship of the family which is considered as a crucial cell that builds society. This study is the first of its kind that attempts to explore this issue thoroughly. This thesis is interested in analyzing the structure of couples in two diffrent societies and two cultures in both Syria and France. This study focuses on the importance of the role of the family and social environment in either stability or instability cases and in the difficulties that couples are passing through sometimes. The research sample consists of 55 couples (110 sujets), which was divided into four groups as the following : 30 Syrian couples living in Syria, and 13 Syrian couples living in France, 7 Franco-Syrian couples living in France, and 5 French couples living in France. The reserch is based mainly on undirected interviews containing questions about couples life, marital understanding, and projective test TAT. Search results : The studied variables shows a quiet signifiant difference between the four groups in the sample, while there are two variables which are the marital understand and the joint activities between the couple that did not show any differences. In conclusion, this study helps in defining the marriage success factors in terms of matching and agreement between the couple and disagreement between them. Also defining the causes of tension and conflit and provides bases to develop a consultation program to improve the relationship between the couple
Huaman, Ramirez Richard. "When is consumer desire impacted by difficulty of recall ? : the effects of the type of information, expectation and time pressure". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1054/document.
Texto completoThis thesis demonstrates that difficulty in recalling past consumption of a preferred product influences the desire to consume that product. More specifically, this research evaluate how desire is influenced by what kind of information from past consumption experience is recalled (semantic or episodic information) during a difficult recall task, by the expected difficulty of recall task, and by time pressure. An experimental method was adopted and three empirical studies were conducted. Hypotheses were tested on data collected across different samples: Peruvian, Chinese, and French consumers. Participants were principally university students. A total of eleven experimental scenarios were presented to participants including different types of products (soft drinks, hedonic products, and leisure activities). Questionnaires were administrated by web and face-to-face. Our contribution has the potential to help marketers take action regarding the recall of past rewarding consumptions. To evoke more desire, consumers must be conditioned to difficult recalls of past consumptions of preferred products; marketers must specially focus on semantic information of past experiences and condition consumers with a time pressure. The results suggest that the type of information processed (semantic versus episodic) and time pressure influence the effect of the difficult recall of past consumption on desire. This research focuses on a holistic recall of past experiences and the retrieval process of information from memory, and confirms the Chaiken and Trope (1998)’s Dual-Process Theory
Meyer, Philippe. "Approche clinique de la difficulté d'apprendre à l'école chez l'enfant de 3 à 12 ans". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG010/document.
Texto completoThe pupils of preschool and elementary school are estimated. In case of suspicion of possible leaming disorders they are sent in a unit of evaluation for a medical expertise. This research suggests examining how the medical device has come in that of the school to detect at thepupil's of possible leaming disorders and treat them. Yet these children seem to stay in processes of leaming which are the ones of children of preschool and first year of elementary school. The contributions theories of cognitive development allow us to describe them, but does not enlight us about the articulation between the cognitive and emotional development. lt is therefore, based on the contributions of the clinical psychopathology and the psychoanalysis, based on several case studies, that we treat problems susceptible to interfere on the school leaming. From there we question the relevance of the medical device for the treatment of the school difficulty
Grimm-Astruc, Caroline. "Qualité de vie de parents, développement psychologique et prise en charge de jeunes enfants avec autisme : une étude comparative franco-germanique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON30068/document.
Texto completoThe quality of life of parents of autistic children rest a subject being little worked on in research despite the loads of information that could be collected to adapt the interventions at its best on the needs of the children and their families. The aims of our study are evaluating the level of the quality of life that the parents of autistic children have and how it develops with the time. It’s an aim to observe if there are differences between mothers and fathers, and which characteristics of the child and its family can be associated with the parents quality of life and can be susceptible of being determinants. That’s why we have made a comparative study between 24 German and 24 French families and collected data in intervals of 2 to 12 month. Our results show that German children, which are taken care of more intense than French children have a better development in their communicative competences. In Germany and in France the mothers and fathers estimate that the pathology of their child has a medium impact with negative tendencies on their quality – constantly. The level of irritability of the child as well as the level of the quality of live of the marriage partner is strongly correlated to the quality of live of the parents, independent of T1 or T2
Maurer, Martine. "Souffrance dépressive récurrente et fragilité bipolaire : mouvements régressifs et défaillance du contenant psychique : étude comparative au Rorschach et au Mmpi-2". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG053.
Texto completoOur study demonstrates that unipolar and bipolar depressed subjects present a difficulty of excitement flows regulation, arising from the failure of the pare-excitations function, named in our research: "psychic container failure". We highlight this malfunction by the cotation of thirty Rorschach protocols, using a regression index, developed for our research. We carry out a prospective study in complementary from the notes of the scales and subscales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 of these subjects. We identify the constants, low notes, and elevations, appearing frequently and significantly in this population, which is a constant low note to Ego Strength Scale. We use these results to point out the value of therapeutic support based on groupal mediations as way to restore the internalized psychic protective shield
Tran, Ngo Thi Minh Tam. "Skill formation and transition to productive livelihood in Vietnam". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED033/document.
Texto completoVietnam has attained outstanding performance in education during the past two decades. However, inequality in educational opportunities aggravates disparities among children and threaten the improvement of labour productivity. The underlying mechanism for transmitting inequality and role of skills in the process remaining unclear motivates this thesis. It aims to study how skills interact with environmental factors to determine outcomes on education and livelihoods in Vietnam. Firstly, Chapter 1 examines how skills predict dropping out Then Chapter 2 inspects whether full-day schooling reduces educational inequality. Finally, Chapter 3 investigates the relative importance of skills in determining labour market outcomes. To this end, the research applies diversified quantitative approaches using data from the Young Lives in Vietnam. The contributions of the thesis are threefold, namely taking into consideration the non-cognitive skill in the analysis, addressing the interaction between social background and school environment, and the measurement errors accompanied poor proxies for skills in Vietnam. The thesis hints at further levelling educational opportunities of children and enhancement of non-cognitive skills for greater outcomes in life and economic growth