Artículos de revistas: "Psychiatrists' attitudes"

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Tulachan, Pratikchya, Manisha Chapagain, Saraswati Dhungana, Sagun Ballav Pant y Saroj Prasad Ojha. "Psychiatrists’ Attitude Towards Personality Disorder". Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, n.º 2 (5 de julio de 2018): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20299.

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Background: Worldwide mental health professionals have negative attitude towards personality disorder. Aim of this study was to assess the attitudes toward personality disorder among Nepalese psychiatrists. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study was done. Survey questionnaire was developed which consisted of 10 questions to explore the feeling and views regarding personality disorder. It was distributed via e-mail to 80 registered psychiatrist who were randomly selected and responses were analyzed.Results: Results showed only 50% of psychiatrist assessed for personality disorders whereas only 55.6% diagnosed it. Cluster ‘B’personality disorders were most commonly diagnosed personality disorder, 36.1% felt helpless for those patients, 75% felt overall treatment for personality disorder was very difficult and 50% reported they were not competent to care for personality disorder patients. Conclusions: Nepalese psychiatrists were not optimistic towards personality disorder in terms of its recognition, diagnosis and its overall management. Thus, future researches are needed to explore such attitudes in depth in same population.

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François, M. Mai. "Psychiatrists' Attitudes to Multiple Personality Disorder: A Questionnaire Study". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, n.º 3 (abril de 1995): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000308.

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Objective To assess the attitudes of a random sample of Canadian psychiatrists to Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) and assess the relative prevalence of the condition in three comparable cities in Ontario. Method A questionnaire was sent to all psychiatrists who were members of the Canadian Psychiatric Association and who were resident in Ottawa, Kingston and London. Questions were asked on the respondent's personal clinical experience of MPD and his/her attitude to this condition. Some personal and demographic questions were also included. Results 180 out of 294 questionnaires (61.2%) were returned. The existence of MPD was doubted by 27.8% of psychiatrists who responded to the questionnaire, with a significantly higher proportion in London than in Kingston or in Ottawa. A substantial majority in all three cities agreed that media publicity and the psychiatrist's own belief system affected the prevalence of MPD. Conclusion These results confirm that there is a split in the profession regarding belief in the existence of MPD as a diagnosis.

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Barber, R. y A. Sved Williams. "Psychiatrists Working in Primary Care: A Survey of General Practitioners' Attitudes". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 30, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 278–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679609076106.

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Objectives: To collect information on current working arrangements between general practitioners (GPs) and mental health professionals and to assess GPs' attitudes towards developing closer working practices with psychiatrists in the primary care setting. Method: Six hundred and three GPs from South Australia were surveyed with questionnaires. Main outcome measures included information about existing primary care links between GPs and mental health professionals, GPs' preferred working arrangements with psychiatrists in the primary care setting and their attitude towards developing these practices, including perceived obstacles, advantages and disadvantages. Results: One hundred and eighty-one completed questionnaires were returned. One in 11 GPs returning the questionnaire (RGPs) had established primary care links with a psychiatrist, 1 in 6 with clinical psychologists and 1 in 17 with psychiatric nurses and social workers. RGPs held positive attitudes towards developing closer links at their work settings with psychiatrists when it leads to improved collaboration and access to psychiatrists. Reservations were expressed about the public weakening of the GPs' primary care role. Conclusions: The joint needs of clinical care and GPs' further training in psychiatry could be addressed by further development of schemes to attract psychiatrists to work in primary care settings. This is mostly viewed very positively by GPs, although the percentage of GPs responding make these conclusions tentative. It is more likely to occur with changes to current funding of both private psychiatric care and GP remuneration, with a recognition of time spent in liaison.

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Godasi, Ganga Raju, Raj Kiran Donthu, Abdul Salaam Mohammed, Ravi Shankar Pasam y Raja Anirudh Yalamanchili. "What Do Non-Psychiatric Doctors of Andhra Pradesh Think about Psychiatrists, Psychiatric Medications and Mental Illness? A Cross-Sectional Study". Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, n.º 22 (31 de mayo de 2021): 1746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/330.

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BACKGROUND Mental and behavioural disorders are prevalent in all societies. The stigma and poor attitude towards mental illness and those with mental illness is well known. Similarly, there also exists poor opinions about psychiatrists and psychiatric medications among people. Non psychiatric doctors act as a bridge between the psychiatrists and mentally ill people. This study was conducted to evaluate the attitudes of non-psychiatric doctors towards psychiatrists, psychiatric medications, and mental illness. METHODS The study design was cross sectional, conducted in a town of Andhra Pradesh. A structured proforma was used to capture the sociodemographic details and to measure attitudes towards psychiatrists and psychiatric medications. We used a questionnaire used by Zieger et al. Similarly, to measure the attitudes towards mental illness, belief towards mental illness (BTMI) used by Hirai and Clum was used. The data was analysed using R language, and results obtained were tabulated and discussed. Data was analysed using non parametric tests. RESULTS There were no significant negative attitudes of non-psychiatrists towards psychiatrists and mental illness. But we found significant negative attitudes expressed by medical specialists (P = 0.035) and those in academic settings (P = 0.020) towards psychiatric medications. On comparing the other demographic details there were no significant negative attitudes towards psychiatric medications. CONCLUSIONS Previous studies have found negative attitudes among non-psychiatrists towards psychiatry, psychiatrists and mental illness. But our study found that there are positive attitudes expressed by non-psychiatric doctors towards psychiatrists and mental illness which is a good sign. We believe this is a changing trend towards positive side when compared to past studies. Future studies should be longitudinal and to keep in focus the new curriculum changes. KEYWORDS Attitudes of Health Personnel, Psychiatry, Mental Disorders

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Fleming, John y Greg Pike. "Psychiatrists' attitudes to euthanasia". Lancet 353, n.º 9148 (enero de 1999): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77258-5.

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Warner, James, Nisha Shah, Michael King y Bob Blizzard. "Psychiatrists' attitudes to euthanasia". Lancet 353, n.º 9148 (enero de 1999): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77259-7.

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Bonelli, Raphael M., Johannes Bonelli, Peter Költringer, Marc Kotter y Lukas Kenner. "Psychiatrists' attitudes to euthanasia". Lancet 353, n.º 9148 (enero de 1999): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)77260-3.

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Rousseau, Skye, Sarah Turner, Harvey Max Chochinov, Murray W. Enns y Jitender Sareen. "A National Survey of Canadian Psychiatrists’ Attitudes toward Medical Assistance in Death". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 62, n.º 11 (26 de mayo de 2017): 787–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717711174.

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Background: Bill C-14 allows for medical assistance in dying (MAID) for patients who have intolerable physical or psychological suffering that occurs in the context of a reasonably foreseeable death. In Canada, psychiatrist support for MAID on the basis of mental illness and beliefs influencing level of support are unknown. The objectives of this research were to 1) determine if psychiatrists are supportive of MAID under certain conditions and on the basis of mental illness and 2) determine what factors are related to psychiatrist support for MAID on the basis of mental illness. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 528 psychiatrists in Canada using an online survey platform (February 19 to March 11, 2016). Results: The response rate was 20.9% ( n = 528). Most psychiatrists supported the legalisation of MAID in some circumstances (72%); however, only 29.4% supported MAID on the basis of mental illness. Factors correlating with decreased support for MAID for mental illness were the belief that MAID for mental illness would change the psychiatrists’ commitment to their patients through enduring suffering, having a personal faith, and having had past patients who would have received MAID for mental illness were it legal but instead went on to recover. Interpretation: This study found that most psychiatrists do not support the legalisation of MAID for mental illness, despite being quite supportive of MAID in general. Objections seemed to be based upon concern for vulnerable patients, personal moral objections, and concern for the effect it would have on the therapeutic alliance.

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Bodner, E., S. Cohen-Fridel y I. Ianco. "Staff attitudes towards patients with borderline personality disorder". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo de 2011): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72715-8.

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IntroductionBDP is a common diagnosis in hospitals and community settings, estimated at 20% and 11%, respectively. Nevertheless, the attitudes and skills of all mental health professionals regarding the treatment of these patients had hardly been studied.ObjectivesDevelop tools and use them to understand staff attitudes towards BDP patients.Aims(1)To develop two inventories for the measurement of cognitive and emotional attitudes towards borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients and their treatment;(2)To use these tools to understand and compare attitudes of psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses toward BPD patients.MethodTwo lists of items referring to cognitive and emotional attitudes towards BPD patients were formulated. Nurses, psychologists and psychiatrist (n = 57), working in public psychiatric institutions rated their level of agreement with each item. Both lists of attitudes yielded three factors (cognitive: required treatment, suicidal tendencies, and antagonistic judgment, and emotional: negative emotions, experienced difficulties in treatment, and empathy, respectively).ResultsPsychologists scored lower than psychiatrists and nurses on antagonistic judgments. Nurses scored lower than psychiatrists and psychologists on empathy. Regression stepwise analyses on the three emotional attitudes separately showed that suicidal tendencies of BPD patients mainly explained negative emotions and difficulties in treating these patients. All groups were interested in learning more about the treatment of these patients.ConclusionsSuicidal tendencies of BPD patients provoke antagonistic judgments among the three professions. Psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses hold distinctive cognitive and emotional attitudes towards these patients. Staff training programs regarding BDP patients should consider these differences and concerns.

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Bhugra, D., N. Sartorius, A. Fiorillo, S. Evans-Lacko, A. Ventriglio, M. H. M. Hermans, P. Vallon et al. "EPA guidance on how to improve the image of psychiatry and of the psychiatrist". European Psychiatry 30, n.º 3 (marzo de 2015): 423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.02.003.

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AbstractStigma against mental illness and the mentally ill is well known. However, stigma against psychiatrists and mental health professionals is known but not discussed widely. Public attitudes and also those of other professionals affect recruitment into psychiatry and mental health services. The reasons for this discriminatory attitude are many and often not dissimilar to those held against mentally ill individuals. In this Guidance paper we present some of the factors affecting the image of psychiatry and psychiatrists which is perceived by the public at large. We look at the portrayal of psychiatry, psychiatrists in the media and literature which may affect attitudes. We also explore potential causes and explanations and propose some strategies in dealing with negative attitudes. Reduction in negative attitudes will improve recruitment and retention in psychiatry. We recommend that national psychiatric societies and other stakeholders, including patients, their families and carers, have a major and significant role to play in dealing with stigma, discrimination and prejudice against psychiatry and psychiatrists.

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Lauber, Christoph, Marion Anthony, Vladeta Ajdacic-Gross y Wulf Rössler. "What about psychiatrists' attitude to mentally ill people?" European Psychiatry 19, n.º 7 (noviembre de 2004): 423–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2004.06.019.

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AbstractObjectiveFirstly, to assess and, secondly, to compare experts' and lay attitudes towards community psychiatry and the respective social distance towards mentally ill people.MethodComparison of two representative Swiss samples, one comprising of 90 psychiatrists, the other including 786 individuals of the general population.ResultsThe psychiatrists' attitude was significantly more positive than that of the general population although both samples have a positive attitude to community psychiatry. The statement that mental health facilities devalue a residential area has revealed most agreement. Psychiatrists and the public do not differ in their social distance to mentally ill people. Among both samples, the level of social distance increases the more the situation described implies ‘social closeness’.ConclusionThe strategy to use psychiatrists as role models or opinion leaders in anti-stigma campaigns cannot be realised without accompanying actions. Psychiatrists must be aware that their attitudes do not differ from the general public and, thus, they should improve their knowledge about stigma and discrimination towards people with mental illnesses.

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Huang, Jingjing, Yang Shao, Huajian Ma, Weimin Yang y Huafang Li. "Changing of Chinese psychiatrists’ attitudes toward consent process to treatment and its association with the China’s National Mental Health Law". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 54, n.º 1 (19 de agosto de 2018): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217418791436.

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Objective Few studies have addressed informed consent in Chinese psychiatric practice. We wished to explore psychiatrists’ attitudes toward informed consent in Shanghai after promulgation of the first national law for mental health care in China: the National Mental Health Law. Method A total of 398 psychiatrists were recruited from seven psychiatric hospitals in Shanghai. Their anthropometric data were collected. A confidential, self-report questionnaire addressing attitudes toward the informed consent process was completed by all participants. Results Most respondents would like to inform patients/guardians of the diagnosis (95.2%), treatment plan (93.5%), treatment goals and potential adverse effects of prescribed medications (94.7%), and alternative treatment plans (71.9%). In addition, 58.4% of psychiatrists thought that the informed consent process for physical restraint was difficult to follow. According to logistic regression, psychiatrists not trained to use the National Mental Health Law were more likely to have a negative attitude toward the informed consent process compared with those trained (adjusted odds ratio = 0.21; 95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.59; p = 0.003). Conclusions Psychiatrists trained to use the National Mental Health Law had more positive attitudes toward the informed consent process. Lack of such training could affect the attitudes of psychiatrists toward the informed consent process in China.

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Richa, S. y M. Naddaf. "Perception of Psychiatry and Mental Disease Among Lebanese Non Psychiatric Doctors". European Psychiatry 24, S1 (enero de 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71198-8.

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Objective:Evaluate the attitudes of non psychiatrist doctors and residents working in Hôtel-Dieu de France hospital towards mental illness and medical students of Saint Joseph University.Method:A 25-question-questionnaire about the perception of severe mental illness, of psychiatric treatments, of psychiatrists, and of psychiatry as a future career, which was distributed to Saint Joseph University medical students over the 7 years via the delegates of each class, to the doctors via their secretaries in their clinics, and personally to the residents between the period of November 27 and December 28, 2007.Results:We have found negative attitudes towards mental illness in the studied population but positive attitudes towards psychiatric treatments, psychiatry, and psychiatrists with higher scores among doctors than students towards mental illness (p = 0.0073) and towards psychiatric treatments (p = 0.0016) but no significant difference between different groups in the scores of perception of psychiatry (p = 0.78) and psychiatrists (p = 0.42). No difference was found between males and females for none of the scores.Conclusion:This study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that medical students’ attitudes are negative towards mental illness but positive towards psychiatric treatments, psychiatry, and psychiatrists during their first years of medical studies and stay the same after receiving a theoretical psychiatry course and after a clinical training in a psychiatric hospital and even when they become residents and that these attitudes become more positive when they become doctors.

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Luchins, Daniel J., Amy E. Cooper, Patricia Hanrahan y Kenneth Rasinski. "Psychiatrists' Attitudes Toward Involuntary Hospitalization". Psychiatric Services 55, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2004): 1058–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1058.

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Hill, Simon A., Gregory Mather y Richard Laugharne. "Attitudes of psychiatrists towards forensic psychiatry: a survey". Medicine, Science and the Law 47, n.º 3 (julio de 2007): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/rsmmsl.47.3.220.

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Forensic psychiatry has been rapidly expanding in recent years and more NHS forensic beds are planned. This study aimed to examine the attitudes of psychiatrists towards forensic psychiatry. A questionnaire was given to psychiatrists attending a regional Royal College of Psychiatrists conference. In addition forensic psychiatrists were surveyed in the two local regional secure units. Ninety-eight psychiatrists, including twenty-four forensic psychiatrists, completed the questionnaire. Forensic and non-forensic psychiatrists tended to agree with the expansion in forensic beds. Non-forensic psychiatrists wanted a lower threshold for admission to secure units. Forensic psychiatrists disagreed. Non-forensic psychiatrists tended to feel that forensic psychiatry has been over-funded compared with other psychiatric services. They also commented that forensic services should integrate more closely with other non-secure psychiatric services and should offer more community forensic services rather than concentrating care on in-patients. Forensic services should consider what services they provide and try to meet the desires of secondary services, such as more community forensic services and greater integration with other psychiatric services.

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O'Shea, Rory, Declan Sheerin, Denise Canavan y Vincent Russell. "Attitudes to visits by children to parents hospitalised with acute psychiatric illness". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 21, n.º 2 (junio de 2004): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700008260.

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AbstractBackground: There is no published research on attitudes of psychiatrists towards children visiting parents who are acutely-unwell and inpatients in psychiatric hospitals. Nor is there information on facilities available for such visits.Objectives: (I) To assess the attitudes of Irish psychiatrists towards children visiting. (II) To determine the availability of child-friendly facilities within admission units.Method: A questionnaire was posted to every consultant psychiatrist accepting acute adult admissions in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.Results: The response rate was 69%. Ninty-seven per cent were in favour of children visiting. Almost half felt that decisions on visits should depend on the particular situation, considering the child, parent, ward, etc. However, only 11% of units had a room/area designated for children visiting. 90% had no facilities they considered child-friendly on their unit. A majority felt that arrangements for children visiting were inadequate.Conclusions: This topic is of interest to psychiatrists, and can be contentious, particularly when considering supervision of, and legal responsibility for, children visiting. Guidance on these issues would aid psychiatrists and hospital management. Poor facilities and infrequent visits may be a factor in the early development of stigma towards mental illness. Further research, improvements in facilities and staff training in liaison with children are needed.

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Draper, Brian, Lindsay Gething, Judith Fethney y Stephanie Winfield. "The Senior Psychiatrist Survey III: Attitudes Towards Personal Ageing, Life Experiences and Psychiatric Practice". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, n.º 5 (octubre de 1999): 717–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00609.x.

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Objective: The aim of this study is: to explore whether there is a relationship between the effects of gender, age and perceptions of personal health on psychiatrist's reactions to personal ageing; and to determine the effects of psychiatrist's reactions to personal ageing upon their approach to clinical practice, retirement planning and post-retirement activities. Method: A postal survey was conducted. Respondents were Fellows of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists resident in Australia or New Zealand. Of 1086 eligible subjects, 529 participated. The main outcome measures were: Reactions to Ageing Questionnaire (RAQ); self-rated health; location and type of psychiatric practice; the perceived benefits and drawbacks of age on psychiatric practice and case selection; and retirement plans. Results: Positive attitudes towards personal ageing were significantly associated with old age, males and good or excellent self-rated health. Negative attitudes were associated with working in universities and anticipated retirement due to poor health. Field of practice, anticipated post-retirement activities and approach to clinical practice were not found to have a significant effect on attitudes towards personal ageing. Conclusions: The effects of life experiences on psychiatrists' attitudes towards personal ageing are complex. Attitudes towards personal ageing have little impact on psychiatric practice.

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Takeshima, Masahiro, Yumi Aoki, Kenya Ie, Eiichi Katsumoto, Eichi Tsuru, Takashi Tsuboi, Ken Inada et al. "Attitudes and Difficulties Associated with Benzodiazepine Discontinuation". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 23 (30 de noviembre de 2022): 15990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315990.

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Long-term use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists (BZDs) may depend on clinicians’ BZD discontinuation strategies. We aimed to explore differences in strategies and difficulties with BZD discontinuation between psychiatrists and non-psychiatrists and to identify factors related to difficulties with BZD discontinuation. Japanese physicians affiliated with the Japan Primary Care Association, All Japan Hospital Association, and Japanese Association of Neuro-Psychiatric Clinics were surveyed on the following items: age group, specialty (psychiatric or otherwise), preferred time to start BZD reduction after improvement in symptoms, methods used to discontinue, difficulties regarding BZD discontinuation, and reasons for the difficulties. We obtained 962 responses from physicians (390 from non-psychiatrists and 572 from psychiatrists), of which 94.0% reported difficulty discontinuing BZDs. Non-psychiatrists had more difficulty with BZD discontinuation strategies, while psychiatrists had more difficulty with symptom recurrence/relapse and withdrawal symptoms. Psychiatrists used more candidate strategies in BZD reduction than non-psychiatrists but initiated BZD discontinuation after symptom improvement. Logistic regression analysis showed that psychosocial therapy was associated with less difficulty in BZD discontinuation (odds ratio, 0.438; 95% confidence interval, 0.204–0.942; p = 0.035). Educating physicians about psychosocial therapy may alleviate physicians’ difficulty in discontinuing BZDs and reduce long-term BZD prescriptions.

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Shao, Yang, Bin Xie y Zhiguo Wu. "Psychiatrists’ attitudes towards the procedure of involuntary admission to mental hospitals in China". International Journal of Social Psychiatry 58, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 2011): 440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020764011408541.

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Background: In order to protect the rights of the mentally ill, legislation on the standards and procedures of compulsory detention has been made at the local and national level in China. Aims: This study aims to examine psychiatrists’ attitudes towards seeking involuntary admission in mainland China. Method: Three hundred and fourteen (314) qualified members of the Chinese Psychiatrist Association (CPA) were surveyed using a questionnaire to assess their attitudes about the procedure of involuntary admission to mental hospitals. Data were analysed using χ2 and logistic regression. Results: Some psychiatrists in the CPA had several arbitrary attitudes towards the process of admission. Females, aged under 35, with a low education level and a low position in the institution showed stricter attitudes in the procedure of involuntary admission. Areas with mental health legislation showed significant positive relationships with stricter attitudes. Conclusions: Every effort needs to be made to minimize these arbitrary attitudes to prevent potential negative outcomes. There is still a long way to go in protecting the rights of people diagnosed with mental illness.

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Adams, Sue. "The research option: educators' attitudes". Psychiatric Bulletin 16, n.º 7 (julio de 1992): 418–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.7.418.

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An understanding of research methodology and design including the appropriate use of statistics is considered by the Royal College of Psychiatrists to be an essential part of the education of psychiatrists. The report of the working party for the review of the MRCPsych examination emphasises this by mentioning statistics and research methods as one of the major areas that will be examined as part of the sciences basic to psychiatry (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1985). They point out that over recent years there has been an increase in the number of questions devoted to this subject, and state that this trend should continue. Pre-membership psychiatric trainees are often encouraged to undertake or participate in research (Sims, 1988), but many commence projects which never come to fruition (Hollyman & Abou-Saleh, 1985); lack of adequate supervision seems to be the cause (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1991). The Royal College of Psychiatrists is unique among the Royal Colleges in that it enables candidates for the membership examination to be exempted from the essay paper by submitting a dissertation in advance based on a piece of original research. This is known as the research option.

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PATEL, M. X., V. NIKOLAOU y A. S. DAVID. "Psychiatrists' attitudes to maintenance medication for patients with schizophrenia". Psychological Medicine 33, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2002): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291702006797.

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Background. Maintenance antipsychotic medication is the mainstay of relapse prevention in patients with schizophrenia. Long acting depot antipsychotics were developed to promote treatment adherence and yet their utilization is variable, perhaps due to negative attitudes of both patients and psychiatrists. Recently, a shift away from depots has occurred, in favour of the newer atypical oral antipsychotics.Method. This study investigated the current attitudes and knowledge concerning depots, with a newly designed questionnaire, in a cross-sectional postal survey of qualified psychiatrists working in south-east England.Results. A substantial minority of psychiatrists believe that depots are old fashioned (40%), stigmatizing (48%) and are associated with more side-effects than typical oral antipsychotics (38%). Many believe that depots are as efficacious as oral medication (91%) but are less acceptable to patients (69%) and relatives (66%). A large majority consider depots enhance patient compliance (81%) and prevent relapse (94%). Psychiatrists would be persuaded to prescribe depots if they were associated with fewer side-effects, in patients where compliance is an issue, and if atypical depot antipsychotics were available, presumably because they would have a lower incidence of side-effects. Additionally, psychiatrists' knowledge about depots was positively associated with attitudes. More favourable patient-centred attitudes were reported by psychiatrists with higher depot use.Conclusion. Practising psychiatrists have several strongly endorsed attitudes towards depot medication that are associated with knowledge and prescribing habits. By updating psychiatrists' knowledge about depots, in turn their attitudes may become more positive and prescribing practices may subsequently change.

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Walter, Garry, Joseph M. Rey y Amabel Harding. "Psychiatrists' Experience and Views Regarding St John's Wort and ‘Alternative’ Treatments". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 34, n.º 6 (diciembre de 2000): 992–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/000486700275.

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Objective: This study aims to ascertain the experience and views of psychiatrists in relation to St John's Wort and alternative treatments generally. Method: A questionnaire was posted to all members of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists living in Australia or New Zealand. Results: Of the 1910 mailed questionnaires, 862 (45%) were returned. Eighty per cent of respondents had patients who had used the herb. Side-effects and drug interactions were reported by 28% and 8% respectively of these psychiatrists. Some adverse events were described as serious. Psychiatrist attitudes about St John's Wort and alternative treatments were positive overall and psychiatrists seemed willing to recommend St John's Wort despite limited evidence of its usefulness. Conclusions: Psychiatrists in Australia and New Zealand regularly manage patients who take St John's Wort and a considerable number actually recommend the treatment. However, they also report side-effects and drug interactions. Psychiatrists should routinely enquire about their patients' use of alternative treatments, be mindful of possible side-effects and in particular be aware of the dangers of combining St John's Wort with other psychotropics.

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Ramsay, Rosalind. "Psychiatrists and the public". Psychiatric Bulletin 15, n.º 12 (diciembre de 1991): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.12.795.

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One hundred and fifty years on, how, Professor Clare asked an invited audience of eminent non-psychiatrists at the Royal Society of Medicine, do we fare? Is there really a more positive attitude to mental illness, now than in the nineteenth century, or even the 1960s? The Victorian public image of madness was characterised by ignorance, intolerance and fear and the mentally ill regarded as less than human, available to be exploited or used to entertain; and also, dangerous and incurable, best put away in large mental hospitals or ‘bins’. The media colluded in maintaining such attitudes: a leader in The Times in 1900, commenting on the 30-fold increase in the mental hospital population, was anxious that soon the mad might outnumber the sane!

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Rees, Harvey, Attila Sipos, Matthew Spence y Glynn Harrison. "Attitudes of psychiatrists to evidence-based guidelines". Psychiatric Bulletin 26, n.º 11 (noviembre de 2002): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.26.11.421.

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Aims and MethodWe aimed to survey clinicians' attitudes on using evidence-based guidelines. A postal questionnaire based on a previous survey of general practitioners was sent to 105 psychiatrists working within Avon and Western Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust.ResultsThere was a 91% response rate. Respondents were generally in favour of clinical guidelines, with scores indicating a positive attitude to guidelines in 13 of the 18 statements. The majority felt that guidelines were effective in improving patient care, could be used flexibly to suit individual patients and did not impinge on their clinical judgement.Clinical ImplicationsPsychiatrists welcomed the increasing use of guidelines. Further research is needed to determine whether this will translate into actual use and improved outcomes for patients.

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Strachan, John A. "Electroconvulsive therapy – attitudes and practice in New Zealand". Psychiatric Bulletin 25, n.º 12 (diciembre de 2001): 467–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.12.467.

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Aims and MethodThe clinical practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) by New Zealand psychiatrists was surveyed by questionnaire. This paper compares the findings with national and regional surveys conducted in Great Britain, and considers the influence on clinical practice in New Zealand of the Royal College of Psychiatrists' ECT Handbook.ResultsECT has the same level of support from psychiatrists in New Zealand as in Britain, but is less frequently used. Modern brief pulse machines are used by 16 of 19 (84%) services from which data were received. The ECT Handbook was the most nominated source of information on ECT. Most (87%) respondents were aware of at least one set of ECT guidelines. However, these have apparently failed to influence some important aspects of practice. In particular, many medical conditions are still perceived as absolute contraindications.Clinical ImplicationsThe Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists need to place even greater emphasis on the importance of training in ECT for both trainees and qualified psychiatrists, and on the promotion of approved guidelines.

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Dale, Jenny y Gabrielle Milner. "New Ways not working? Psychiatrists' attitudes". Psychiatric Bulletin 33, n.º 6 (junio de 2009): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.020586.

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Aims and MethodA questionnaire survey of general adult psychiatric consultants and specialist registrars in the West Midlands was conducted to examine attitudes towards New Ways of Working (NWW) for psychiatrists; these were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. Participants were also asked about their own experiences of NWW. the data were analysed using Mann–Whitney U-test.ResultsThe response rate was 31.2%. Attitudes were generally negative, particularly regarding the effect on patient care, the erosion of the professional role of the consultant and effect on quality of work life. the attitudes of those who did not have any direct experience of working to the NWW models were more negative than those who had direct experience of NWW.Clinical ImplicationsThere are significant concerns about NWW among consultants and specialist registrars. There is a need for further debate and research with regard to the proposals.

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FRANKEL, A. STEVEN y SHERRY A. SPAN. "Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Toward Dissociative Disorders Diagnoses". American Journal of Psychiatry 157, n.º 7 (julio de 2000): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.7.1179.

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Fulford, K. W. M. y G. Adshead. "The attitudes of psychiatrists to philosophy". Psychiatric Bulletin 18, n.º 6 (junio de 1994): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.18.6.343.

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Questionnaires exploring the attitudes of psychiatrists to philosophy were distributed at two meetings of the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Out of a possible 240, 126 questionnaires were returned (53%). The results showed a surprisingly high level of interest in and support for philosophy. Over 50% of respondents indicated that they considered conceptual analysis, ethics, jurisprudence, the philosophy of science and the philosophy of mind to be practically important in psychiatry. Similarly, 89% believed that ethics, and 72% that other areas of philosophy, should be included in the MRCPsych syllabus. The significance of the study is reviewed briefly.

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Stern, Adam P., Aaron D. Boes, Chiara S. Haller, Kerry Bloomingdale, Alvaro Pascual-Leone y Daniel Z. Press. "Psychiatrists’ Attitudes Toward Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation". Biological Psychiatry 80, n.º 7 (octubre de 2016): e55-e56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.027.

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Martin, Fiona y Tim Elworthy. "Scottish psychiatrists' attitudes to electroconvulsive therapy: survey analysis". Psychiatrist 37, n.º 8 (agosto de 2013): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.112.039479.

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Aims and methodElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) prescription rates in Scotland are decreasing. This study aims to look for possible causes, in particular psychiatrists' attitudes. Ninety-one Scottish psychiatrists completed a survey in 2009 relating to demographics, training, current practice, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines and attitudes.ResultsThe mean number of times the psychiatrists had prescribed ECT in the past 2 years was twice. About 43% felt that their prescribing rates had decreased. Reasons for this included more effective medication, public and patient perception, and NICE guidelines. There was a significant correlation between doctors' gender and estimated prescription rates (P = 0.004), however, not with other prescription data. Almost all surveyed psychiatrists (97%) agreed that ECT has a place in current psychiatric practice.Clinical implicationsDespite generally positive attitudes to ECT shown by psychiatrists in this study, prescription rates were low and decreasing. With more effective medication the role of ECT in therapy appears to be changing.

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Black, Donald W., Bruce Pfohl, Nancee Blum, Brett McCormick, Jeff Allen, Carol S. North, Katharine A. Phillips et al. "Attitudes Toward Borderline Personality Disorder: A Survey of 706 Mental Health Clinicians". CNS Spectrums 16, n.º 3 (marzo de 2011): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285291200020x.

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AbstractObjectiveWe sought to determine attitudes toward patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) among mental health clinicians at nine academic centers in the United States.MethodsA self-report questionnaire was distributed to 706 mental health clinicians, including psychiatrists, psychiatry residents, social workers, nurses, and psychologists.ResultsThe study showed that most clinicians consider BPD a valid diagnosis, although nearly half reported that they preferred to avoid these patients. The clinician's occupational subgroup was significantly related to attitude. Staff nurses had the lowest self-ratings on overall caring attitudes, while social workers had the highest. Social workers and psychiatrists had the highest ratings on treatment optimism. Social workers and psychologists were most optimistic about psychotherapy effectiveness, while psychiatrists were most optimistic about medication effectiveness. Staff nurses had the lowest self-ratings on empathy toward patients with BPD and treatment optimism.DiscussionNegative attitudes persist among clinicians toward BPD, but differ among occupational subgroups. Overall, caring attitudes, empathy, and treatment optimism were all higher among care providers who had cared for a greater number of BPD patients in the past 12 months.ConclusionThese findings hold important implications for clinician education and coordination of care for patients with BPD.

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Golenkov, A., G. S. Ungvari y G. Gazdag. "ECT practice and psychiatrists’ attitudes towards ECT in the Chuvash Republic of the Russian Federation". European Psychiatry 25, n.º 2 (marzo de 2010): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.02.011.

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AbstractThe practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and the attitudes of psychiatrists towards ECT in the Chuvash Republic are described. A significant proportion of Chuvash psychiatrists had a patchy knowledge about ECT and held negative attitudes towards the treatment. Enhancing the knowledge about ECT and changing negative attitudes will require persistent educational efforts.

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Mendelson, Eric F., Alexander Hurley y Tegwyn Williams. "Trainees' attitudes to forensic psychiatry, the courts, and attending conferences". Psychiatric Bulletin 14, n.º 2 (febrero de 1990): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.14.2.77.

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Having gone to the trouble of organising a day conference on ‘The Psychiatrist in Court’, primarily directed at trainees, we were disappointed to find that on the day the considerable audience was composed mostly of consultants. This seemed a pity, particularly as we knew that this was an area of concern to many young psychiatrists. Kindly colleagues assured us that it is always difficult to get juniors to attend conferences. Nonetheless we were curious to know why trainees seemed more reluctant to take time away from their normal duties than perhaps their ‘more pressed’ consultants.

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Abdel-Qader, Derar H., Esraa E. Al Jomaa, Jennifer Silverthorne, Walid Shnaigat, Salim Hamadi y Ahmad Z. Al Meslamani. "Evaluating psychiatrists’ attitudes and expectations about pharmacists’ role in psychiatry in Jordan". Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research 12, n.º 2 (16 de marzo de 2021): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jphsr/rmab007.

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Abstract Objectives Evaluating Jordanian pharmacists’ roles in psychiatry from psychiatrists perspective. Methods An electronic survey was sent to 100 psychiatrists registered in the Jordanian Psychiatrists Association. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Key findings A total of 80 psychiatrists completed the survey (response rate 80%). Most psychiatrists thought that pharmacists are unable to give individuals with mental illness enough time to discuss their medications (62/80, 77.6%) and to monitor psychotropic medications (PM) efficacy (50/80, 62.6%). Around half of respondents thought that, in the future, pharmacists would not be able to suggest PM for patients (42/80, 52.6%), nor changes in PM dosages (37/80, 46.3%). Most psychiatrists emphasized the importance of psychiatric courses to improve pharmacists’ role. Conclusion Although psychiatrists were generally not satisfied with the current role of pharmacists, they had positive expectations about pharmacists’ competency to do certain activities and to assist them in designing drug therapy plans.

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Gorwood, P., K. Alptekin, J. M. Azorin, F. Cañas, V. Dubois, R. Emsley, P. Haddad et al. "The EMEA ADHES survey in schizophrenia: psychiatrists’ perceptions of reasons for partial or non-adherence". European Psychiatry 26, S2 (marzo de 2011): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73149-2.

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IntroductionPartial or non-adherence to medication is high amongst patients with schizophrenia. Many and often overlapping factors are considered to impact on treatment adherence, including: patient-related (lack of insight, psychotic, negative or cognitive symptoms), treatment-related (adverse effects, insufficient efficacy), environmental (living situation, negative attitudes of relatives/friends), and physician-related (patient-healthcare professionals relationship) factors.ObjectivesThe objective of the ADHES EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) survey was to collect psychiatrist's perceptions of the assessment, reasons and management of partial and non-adherence to medication.AimsTo present psychiatrist's opinion through EMEA of potential reasons for partial or non-adherenceMethodsThe ADHES survey comprised 20 questions and was conducted in 36 countries across EMEA (over 4500 psychiatrists treating patients with schizophrenia).ResultsAcross EMEA 37% of psychiatrists viewed lack of insight as the most important reason for their patients stopping medication. 23% of psychiatrists viewed patient's feeling better and thinking it unnecessary to take medication as the most important reason for their patients stopping medication. 7% or less of psychiatrists viewed undesirable side effects, insufficient efficacy, cognitive impairment or drug/alcohol abuse as the most important reasons for their patients stopping medication.DiscussionIn this survey, psychiatrists estimated that patient’s lack of insight and subjective improvement could constitute the main factors explaining poor adherence. Other factors (i.e., side effects, substance abuse) were regarded as less important. Strategies aimed at raising awareness of maintaining treatment, are warranted within EMEA, with the aim of improving clinical outcomes.

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Baillie, Dave, Rosemarie McCabe y Stefan Priebe. "Aetiology of depression and schizophrenia: current views of British psychiatrists". Psychiatric Bulletin 33, n.º 10 (octubre de 2009): 374–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.021899.

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Aims and MethodA postal survey assessed current views of a random sample of 154 British psychiatrists on aetiological factors in depression and schizophrenia.ResultsGenetics, biochemical abnormalities and substance misuse were considered important factors in both illnesses. Beyond that, psychiatrists varied widely in their views. Depression was viewed as a more multifactorial condition with psychological/social factors more important, whereas biological factors were considered more important in schizophrenia. Aetiological factors were thought to vary more in depression than in schizophrenia and discussing them was seen as more important in patients with depression.Clinical ImplicationsPsychiatrists' attitudes are likely to influence treatment. Patients may encounter different views depending on their illness and on the particular psychiatrist's views.

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Chartonas, Dimitrios, Michalis Kyratsous, Sarah Dracass, Tennyson Lee y Kamaldeep Bhui. "Personality disorder: Still the patients psychiatrists dislike?" BJPsych Bulletin 41, n.º 1 (febrero de 2017): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.115.052456.

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Aims and methodIn 1988, Lewis and Appleby demonstrated that psychiatrists hold negative attitudes towards patients with personality disorder. We assessed the attitudes of psychiatry trainees towards patients with borderline personality disorder and depression, expecting an improvement. 166 trainees were block randomised to receive one of four case vignettes that varied by diagnosis and ethnic group. We used Lewis and Appleby's original questionnaire and the Attitudes to Personality Disorder Questionnaire (APDQ).ResultsWe received 76 responses. Lewis and Appleby's questionnaire showed more negative attitudes towards personality disorder than depression, with no significant patient ethnic group effects, and the APDQ also showed a (weak) trend towards more negative attitudes to personality disorder. In subgroup analysis, only in the White British patient group were there significantly more negative attitudes to personality disorder. Factor analysis showed significantly less sense of purpose when working with personality disorder.Clinical implicationsThe perceived greater lack of purpose in working with personality disorder should be the target of clinical training and intervention. Targeted interventions that include training in managing personality disorder, supervision and practice in non-specialist, general psychiatry settings are important.

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Heres, Stephan, Johannes Hamann, Werner Kissling y Stefan Leucht. "Attitudes of Psychiatrists Toward Antipsychotic Depot Medication". Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 67, n.º 12 (15 de diciembre de 2006): 1948–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/jcp.v67n1216.

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Baldock, J. y P. Leichner. "Re: Psychiatrists' Attitudes to Multiple Personality Disorder". Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 40, n.º 8 (octubre de 1995): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379504000816.

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von Sydow, Kirsten y Christian Reimer. "Attitudes toward Psychotherapists, Psychologists, Psychiatrists, and Psychoanalysts". American Journal of Psychotherapy 52, n.º 4 (octubre de 1998): 463–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1998.52.4.463.

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Parmar, Ranjana. "Attitudes of child psychiatrists to electroconvulsive therapy". Psychiatric Bulletin 17, n.º 1 (enero de 1993): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.1.12.

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has long been recognised as an important method of treatment in adult psychiatric disorders, especially severe depression. However, in spite of increasing concern about the occurrence of depressive disorders among the young (Klerman, 1988), very little is known about the use of ECT in children and adolescents. Indeed the published literature on ECT in this age group consists almost entirely of case reports (Bertagnoli & Borchardt, 1990). This paper is concerned with an important determinant of such practice, the attitudes of child and adolescent psychiatrists.

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Reding, Kathleen M., Michael Raphelson y Carol B. Montgomery. "Home visits: Psychiatrists' attitudes and practice patterns". Community Mental Health Journal 30, n.º 3 (junio de 1994): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02188889.

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UCOK, ALP, ASLIHAN POLAT, NORMAN SARTORIUS, SAHAP ERKOC y CEM ATAKLI. "Attitudes of psychiatrists toward patients with schizophrenia". Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 58, n.º 1 (febrero de 2004): 89–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2004.01198.x.

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Gazdag, Gábor, Nárcisz Kocsis, Judit Tolna, Attila Lipcsey y Med Habil. "Attitudes Towards Electroconvulsive Therapy Among Hungarian Psychiatrists". Journal of ECT 20, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2004): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124509-200412000-00003.

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Gazdag, Gábor, Eszter Zsargó, Katalin Margit Kerti y Iosif Gábos Grecu. "Attitudes Toward Electroconvulsive Therapy in Romanian Psychiatrists". Journal of ECT 27, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2011): e55-e56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/yct.0b013e318214c576.

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Gaebel, W. y J. Zielasek. "Overcoming stigmatizing attitudes towards psychiatrists and psychiatry". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 131, n.º 1 (14 de diciembre de 2014): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acps.12362.

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Dinniss, Stephen, Richard Bowers y Antony Christopher. "Teaching psychiatrists to teach: qualifications in clinical education for psychiatrists". Psychiatric Bulletin 31, n.º 3 (marzo de 2007): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.106.010827.

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The education and training of medical students and trainees is a key role of senior clinicians, and the General Medical Council states we ‘must develop the skills, attitudes and practices of a competent teacher’ (General Medical Council, 2005). The Royal College of Psychiatrists places the role of educator as a core competency for psychiatrists (Bhugra, 2005) and believes we should understand ‘the principles of education and use teaching methods appropriate to educational objectives' (Royal College of Psychiatrists, 2004).

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Stern, Julian, Michael Murphy y Christopher Bass. "Attitudes of British Psychiatrists to the Diagnosis of Somatisation Disorder". British Journal of Psychiatry 162, n.º 4 (abril de 1993): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.162.4.463.

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A postal questionnaire was sent to 195 senior British psychiatrists who were asked about their attitudes towards the DSM-III-R diagnosis of somatisation disorder (SD) and the ICD-10 diagnosis of multiple somatisation disorder. Of the 148 respondents, 98 (66%) had experience of liaison psychiatry, and these psychiatrists used the diagnosis significantly more often than those without liaison sessions. More than half the respondents perceived SD as both a personality disorder and a mental state disorder, although 27% thought that patients with SD had an undiagnosed physical disease. The marked discrepancy between British and North American psychiatrists in diagnostic practices was perceived to be a consequence of both the difference in health care systems and the interest shown in the disorder by North American psychiatrists, rather than a reflection of genuine differences in prevalence.

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Yertutanol, Fatma Duygu Kaya, Selçuk Candansayar y Gülşah Seydaoğlu. "Homophobia in Health Professionals in Ankara, Turkey: Developing a Scale". Transcultural Psychiatry 56, n.º 6 (28 de noviembre de 2018): 1191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461518808166.

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The aims of this study were to develop a sexual orientation attitude scale and use it to investigate the attitudes of psychiatrists, other physicians and first year medical students toward homosexuals and homosexuality in Ankara, Turkey. A cross-sectional study was performed with three groups including psychiatrists (n = 147), non-psychiatric physicians (n = 224) and first year medical students (n = 280). A scale with 43 items consisting of four subscales (heterosexism, homophobia, homonegativity, neutrality) was developed which showed high internal consistency, validity and reliability in this sample of Turkish individuals. The internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) for the subscales were 0.85-0.86, 0.95-0.95, 0.95-0.95, and 0.85-0.86, respectively. Being male, single, a graduate of a religious (Imam Hatip) or vocational high school, of rural origin, a student, more religious, heterosexual and studying at university hospitals were found to be related to higher scores (indicating more negative attitudes) on all subscales and the total scale and these differences were significant. Students had the highest scores and psychiatrists had the lowest scores in all subscales and the total scale. The results of this study indicate that physicians and medical students have negative attitudes toward homosexuals and that medical training on sexual health issues should be improved in Turkey.

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Ignjatovic Ristic, Dragana, Dan Cohen y Ivan Ristic. "Prescription attitudes and practices regarding clozapine among Serbian psychiatrists: results of a nationwide survey". Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 11 (enero de 2021): 204512532110202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20451253211020235.

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Objective: Despite clozapine being the most effective treatment for treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), a clear explanation as to why it is underutilized and why its initiation is delayed remains unclear. The first aim of the study was to conduct a nation-wide assessment of both the psychiatrists’ attitudes of the obstacles for prescribing clozapine as well as their prescription practices. The second aim was to make recommendations, based on the results obtained, for improving the Serbian clozapine guidelines. Methods: A questionnaire was conducted consisting of two parts. One regarded the clinical characteristics of the psychiatrists, while the second contained questions about indications for clozapine initiation, clozapine prescribing tendencies, and barriers to clozapine use. The questionnaire was sent to 302 Serbian psychiatrists. Results: With 161 out of the 302 psychiatrists returning the questionnaires, the response rate was 53.3%. Nearly 60% of the psychiatrists treated 10 or more patients with clozapine, with TRS being the most common indication. Only four psychiatrists (2.5%) had no patients currently on clozapine. Psychiatrists indicated that their fear of agranulocytosis (68%) constituted the greatest obstacle for clozapine prescription, followed closely by weight gain (56%), and sedation (39%). Despite their fear of agranulocytosis, only 83.9% of the psychiatrists monitored leukocytes regularly. Conclusion: In general, psychiatrists in Serbia seem to be confident in prescribing clozapine, even in the absence of clear monitoring guidelines and the possibility of therapeutic drug monitoring. In order to reduce obstacles for clozapine prescription, monitoring laxity, and an overreliance on personal experience, we recommend three modifications of the existing clozapine guideline.

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