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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Psychiatrie – Histoire – Chili"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 8 de febrero de 2025

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1

Caplan, H. L., S. R. Cogill, Heather Alexandra, Kay Mordecai Robson, R. Katz y R. Kumar. "Maternal Depression and the Emotional Development of the Child". British Journal of Psychiatry 154, n.º 6 (junio de 1989): 818–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.6.818.

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Ninety-two women and their first-born children took part in a longitudinal survey of maternal mental health. When the children were four years old, their mothers were interviewed by means of the Behavioural Screening Questionnaire, and the children's problems were rated by a psychiatrist, who was unaware of the mothers' psychiatric histories or of assessments of their current health. As expected, mothers who were concurrently depressed reported significantly more behavioural difficulties in their children. Marital disharmony during pregnancy and a history of paternal psychiatric problems were also associated with later childhood behavioural difficulties. Children who scored below average on the McCarthy scales of cognitive abilities were also reported by their mothers to have more behavioural problems, but the children's behavioural difficulties at four showed no clear links with postnatal depression.

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2

Goodman, Robert, Carole Yude, Hilary Richards y Eric Taylor. "Rating Child Psychiatric Caseness From Detailed Case Histories". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 37, n.º 4 (mayo de 1996): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01418.x.

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3

Brereton, Alexandra L., Raina V. Lamade, Austin F. Lee, Ann Schuler y Robert A. Prentky. "Retrospective Study of Fire Setting Among Boys in a Child Welfare Sample". Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 18, n.º 3 (28 de febrero de 2020): 256–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541204020906425.

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This study aimed to assess fire-setting behaviors within a child welfare sample. The youth were divided into four groups based on their fire-setting behavior (e.g., no incidents, one incident, multiple minor incidents, and multiple severe incidents). Groups were compared based on five factors: overt antisocial behavior, covert antisocial behavior, global adjustment, psychiatric history, and learning deficits. Fire setters displayed more delinquent behavior and had more extensive psychiatric histories than non-fire-setting youth. Further, the youth with multiple serious incidents of fire-setting behavior displayed more delinquent behavior and had more extensive psychiatric histories than any of the fire-setting groups. These findings clearly suggest that fire setters, as a group, are not homogeneous with respect to antisocial behavior or psychiatric impairment and that gravity of fire setting increased as a function of greater psychopathology and greater delinquency when compared to their peers.

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4

ROMANO, ELISA, MARK ZOCCOLILLO y DANIEL PAQUETTE. "Histories of Child Maltreatment and Psychiatric Disorder in Pregnant Adolescents". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 45, n.º 3 (marzo de 2006): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.chi.0000194563.40418.81.

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5

Warrilow, Adele y Michael Morton. "Autoimmune disorders in child psychiatry: keeping up with the field". BJPsych Advances 21, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2015): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.115.014472.

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SummaryAutoimmune disorders in children and adolescents can have significant neuropsychiatric complications and there is growing interest in the association between autoimmune conditions and psychiatric syndromes, particularly in Down syndrome. Acute presentations with psychiatric symptoms require careful assessment in order to recognise and plan treatment of underlying autoimmune disease in collaboration with paediatric colleagues. Difficult treatment decisions arise in children with established autoimmune diagnoses and psychiatric symptoms that may be a result of neuroimmunological processes associated with their condition, psychiatric side-effects of drug treatments or psychopathology resulting from other factors in the history that may or may not have a direct relation to the autoimmune diagnosis. This article illustrates these complexities through discussion of specific autoimmune disorders and three case histories.

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6

Threlkeld, Mary E. y Bruce A. Thyer. "Sexual and physical abuse histories among child and adolescent psychiatric outpatients". Journal of Traumatic Stress 5, n.º 3 (julio de 1992): 491–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490050312.

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7

Agyapong, V., M. Juhás, A. Ritchie, O. Ogunsina, L. Ambrosano y S. Corbett. "Childhood Sexual Abuse Among New Psychiatric Outpatients in a City in Northern Alberta-prevalence Rate and Demographic/Clinical Predictors". European Psychiatry 41, S1 (abril de 2017): S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1913.

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Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a major global health problem with serious adverse effects at later ages. Our paper examines the prevalence rates and the demographic and clinical predictors of CSA among adult psychiatric outpatients. A data assessment tool was used to compile information on the demographic and clinical characteristics of all new patients assessed in four psychiatric outpatient clinics between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2015. The 12-month prevalence rate for CSA among new psychiatric outpatients in Fort McMurray was 20.7% (10.7% for males and 26.9% in females). With an odds ratio for sex of 3.30 (CI = 2.06–5.29), female patients are about three times more likely to report a history of CSA compared to male patients when controlling for other factors. Similarly patients with at most high school education (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.145–2.871) and those with previous contact with psychiatric services (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.124–2.616) were about two times more likely to report a history of CSA compared to the patients with college/university education or those with no previous contact with psychiatric services respectively. Similarly, patients with histories of substance abuse (OR = 1.5, CI = 1.179–2.642) and patients with family histories of mental illness (OR = 1.8, CI = 1.032–2.308) had higher likelihoods of reporting histories of CSA compared to patients without histories of substance abuse or family histories of mental illness respectively. Our findings suggest that victims of CSA are an at-risk population in need of ongoing mental health and educational support.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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8

LaVigne, Timothy W., Lauren M. Laake y Patricia Ibeziako. "Somatic symptom and related disorders in pediatric patients: Associations with parent psychiatric and substance use histories". Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry 25, n.º 4 (9 de junio de 2020): 932–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359104520931579.

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Parental response to pediatric patients with somatic symptom and related disorders (SSRDs) can impact symptom presentation. However, little is known about the impact of parent psychiatric and substance use disorder (SUD) history on the functional status and medical healthcare utilization of patients with SSRDs. The current study explored the associations between parent psychiatric & SUD history and patient somatic symptoms, functional disability, and hospital course in a medically hospitalized sample of pediatric patients with SSRDs. The electronic medical records of 375 pediatric patients with SSRDs, ages 5 to 18, admitted at a tertiary pediatric hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Parent psychiatric histories were identified in 45.1% of the sample. Parent SUD history and maternal psychiatric history were associated with more patient reported somatization. Parent psychiatric and SUD history were not associated with pediatric patients’ level of functional disability or healthcare utilization during admission, including admission length, number of tests, and number of consultations obtained. This study has implications regarding reduction of potential stigma towards parents with psychiatric or SUD histories whose children are hospitalized with SSRDs. While such histories may provide insights regarding somatization presentation of pediatric patients with these disorders, it may not necessarily impact level of functional disability or hospital course.

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9

Alexander, Randell, Wilbur Smith y Richard Stevenson. "Serial Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy". Pediatrics 86, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1990): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.86.4.581.

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Five cases of Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSBP) are presented in which more than one child in the family was victimized. There was a high incidence of maternal psychiatric histories, marital difficulties, and Münchhausen syndrome in the mothers themselves. Seventy-one percent of the children in the families were known to be victims of MSBP; four of these children (31%) died. Multiple-child MSBP may reflect more significant maternal psychopathology than found in other cases of MSBP, or it may indicate the deteriorating consequences to the mother and other children in the family if this syndrome is not identified with the first child and effective interventions made.

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10

Curtis, Amy, Shanna Swaringen y Aron Janssen. "Complex Psychiatric Histories and Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth". Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 32, n.º 4 (octubre de 2023): 731–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2023.05.011.

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11

STEWART, JOHN. "The scientific claims of British child guidance, 1918–45". British Journal for the History of Science 42, n.º 3 (30 de enero de 2009): 407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087408001908.

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AbstractThis article examines the British child guidance movement's claim to scientific status and what it sought to gain by the wider acceptance of such a claim. The period covered is from the movement's origins in the 1920s to the end of the Second World War, by which point it had been incorporated into the welfare state. This was also an era when science commanded high intellectual and cultural status. Child guidance was a form of psychiatric medicine that addressed the emotional and psychological difficulties that any child might experience. It thus saw itself as a form of preventive medicine and as a component of the international movement for mental hygiene. Child guidance was organized around the clinic and employed the knowledge and skills of three distinct professions: psychiatrists, psychologists and psychiatric social workers. Its claim to scientific status was underpinned by the movement's clinical and organizational approach and in turn derived from developments in the laboratory sciences and in academic medicine. There were, however, those even within the movement itself who challenged child guidance's purported scientific status. Such objections notwithstanding, it is suggested here that at least in its own terms the claim was justified, particularly because of the type of psychiatric approach which child guidance employed, based as it was on a form of medical holism.

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12

Houlihan, D., D. Sharek y A. Higgins. "Psychiatric nurses’ attitudes towards children visiting their parents in psychiatric inpatient units". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 30, n.º 4 (11 de septiembre de 2013): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2013.50.

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BackgroundThe provision of care for children of parents with a mental health problem is an area that is frequently neglected by health-care practitioners.ObjectivesThe aim of the overall study was to explore psychiatric nurses’ knowledge of, attitudes and practice towards the support needs of children whose parent has a mental health problem. This paper specifically addresses the views of psychiatric nurses towards children visiting their parent in a mental health inpatient facility.MethodThis study employed a self-completion survey design with a sample of 114 registered psychiatric nurses from one integrated mental health service in Ireland.ResultsThe majority of participants were in favour of children visiting their parent when in hospital, but were of the view that the visiting areas should be away from the main ward location and designed to be child-friendly. Many expressed concerns about the standard of visiting facilities and worried about the potentially negative impact of a visit on the child's well-being. In relation to education on child-care issues, a significant majority of the participants reported not having received any education in the child-care issues identified and, as a likely consequence, rated their knowledge as insufficient.ConclusionsThis study highlights the need for further work in the areas of practitioner education, child-friendly visiting facilities, and the development of policy and practice guidelines around children whose parents experience a mental health problem.

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13

Chithiramohan, Ramalingam N., Clive G. Ballard, Mark A. Baxter, Linda Jones, Sumithra Handy, Lawrence McGibben, Anwar Sheikh y Raza Silveira. "Factors influencing general practitioner referral to a child psychiatric service". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 10, n.º 3 (octubre de 1993): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012581.

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AbstractObjective: To investigate factors influencing general practitioner referrals of children with psychiatric disorders to specialist services. Method: One hundred and sixty seven general practitioners were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire concerning their referral practices. Results: Emotional disorder, conduct disorder, drug abuse and habit disorder were the problems most likely to be referred to the child psychiatric clinic. Parental concern and the severity of the child's illness were considered to be more important than social circumstances in determining referral to specialist services. Conclusions: Many general practitioners indicated that they would have referred children with psychiatric disorders to specialist services other than child psychiatry. Proactive liaison work is needed to increase the awareness and confidence of general practitioners in child psychiatric services.

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14

O'Shea, Rory, Declan Sheerin, Denise Canavan y Vincent Russell. "Attitudes to visits by children to parents hospitalised with acute psychiatric illness". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 21, n.º 2 (junio de 2004): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700008260.

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AbstractBackground: There is no published research on attitudes of psychiatrists towards children visiting parents who are acutely-unwell and inpatients in psychiatric hospitals. Nor is there information on facilities available for such visits.Objectives: (I) To assess the attitudes of Irish psychiatrists towards children visiting. (II) To determine the availability of child-friendly facilities within admission units.Method: A questionnaire was posted to every consultant psychiatrist accepting acute adult admissions in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.Results: The response rate was 69%. Ninty-seven per cent were in favour of children visiting. Almost half felt that decisions on visits should depend on the particular situation, considering the child, parent, ward, etc. However, only 11% of units had a room/area designated for children visiting. 90% had no facilities they considered child-friendly on their unit. A majority felt that arrangements for children visiting were inadequate.Conclusions: This topic is of interest to psychiatrists, and can be contentious, particularly when considering supervision of, and legal responsibility for, children visiting. Guidance on these issues would aid psychiatrists and hospital management. Poor facilities and infrequent visits may be a factor in the early development of stigma towards mental illness. Further research, improvements in facilities and staff training in liaison with children are needed.

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15

Reddy, L. Felice y William D. Spaulding. "Understanding adverse experiences in the psychiatric institution: The importance of child abuse histories in iatrogenic trauma." Psychological Services 7, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2010): 242–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0020316.

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16

Hiner, Ray y Kathleen W. Jones. "Taming the Troublesome Child: American Families, Child Guidance, and the Limits of Psychiatric Authority". Journal of American History 87, n.º 3 (diciembre de 2000): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2675353.

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17

Spataro, Josie, Paul E. Mullen, Philip M. Burgess, David L. Wells y Simon A. Moss. "Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health". British Journal of Psychiatry 184, n.º 5 (mayo de 2004): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.5.416.

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BackgroundThe lack of prospective studies and data on male victims leaves major questions regarding associations between child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology.AimsTo examine the association between child sexual abuse in both boys and girls and subsequent treatment for mental disorder using a prospective cohort design.MethodChildren (n=16L2; 1327 female) ascertained as sexually abused at the time had their histories of mental health treatment established by data linkage and compared with the general population of the same age over a specified period.ResultsBoth male and female victims of abuse had significantly higher rates of psychiatric treatment during the study period than general population controls (12.4% v. 3.6%). Rates were higher for childhood mental disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders and major affective disorders, but not for schizophrenia. Male victims were significantly more likely to have had treatment than females (22.8% v. 10.2%).ConclusionsThis prospective study demonstrates an association between child sexual abuse validated at the time and a subsequent increase in rates of childhood and adult mental disorders.

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18

Castro, Milka. "A sesenta años de la antropología en Chile". Antropologías del Sur 1, n.º 1 (26 de enero de 2018): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/rantros.v1i1.770.

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En este trabajo se presenta la historia de la antropología en Chile desde los precursores que llegan a Chile desde Europa en el siglo XIX. Se caracterizan cuatro etapas de su desarrollo: la iniciación destacando los aportes de los precursores, su institucionalización como una disciplina de formación académica universitaria, el impacto del golpe y dictadura militar en las universidades y sus efectos en la consolidación académica, orientaciones teóricas, y campo profesional. Las fuentes de este escrito provienen de revisión bibliográfica sobre la historia de la antropología y entrevistas a colegas de diferentes universidades del país.

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19

Salinas, Fresia María. "Breve historia personal de la antropología chilena". Antropologías del Sur 8, n.º 16 (31 de diciembre de 2021): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25074/rantros.v8i16.2193.

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En este texto expongo, desde una perspectiva muy y explícitamente personal, algunas ideas sobre el despliegue de la antropología en Chile, en base a conversaciones con colegas, escuchas y experiencias vividas, lecturas de publicaciones diversas y un algo de reflexión, en dos momentos de mi (bastante marginal) incursión disciplinar.

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20

Zenderland, Leila y Kathleen W. Jones. "Taming the Troublesome Child: American Families, Child Guidance, and the Limits of Psychiatric Authority". American Historical Review 106, n.º 1 (febrero de 2001): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2652322.

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21

Pols, Hans. "Taming the troublesome child: American families, child guidance, and the limits of psychiatric authority". Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 37, n.º 3 (2001): 292–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.1046.

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22

Healy, Kevin, Roger Kennedy y Janet Sinclair. "Child Physical Abuse Observed". British Journal of Psychiatry 158, n.º 2 (febrero de 1991): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.158.2.234.

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Twenty-seven families, 14 with a history of child physical abuse and 13 with no such history, were studied over the course of intensive in-patient treatment. The families in the former group differed significantly from those in the latter group in terms of current circumstances and background histories. Families where abuse was admitted benefited significantly more from treatment than families where abuse was suspected but not admitted. The ability of mothers to remember good relationships from childhood and to establish good relationships during treatment was an important prognostic factor for successful treatment.

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23

Kolko, David J., Joanne T. Moser y Susan R. Weldy. "Medical/health histories and physical evaluation of physically and sexually abused child psychiatric patients: A controlled study". Journal of Family Violence 5, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1990): 249–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00979063.

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24

Hirshbein, Laura D. "Assessing the conduct of juveniles: diagnosis and delinquency, 1900–2013". Medical History 65, n.º 4 (octubre de 2021): 347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2021.27.

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AbstractAmerican child psychiatrists have long been interested in the problems of delinquent behaviour by juveniles. With the rise of specific psychiatric diagnoses in the 1960s and 1970s, delinquent behaviour was defined within the diagnosis of conduct disorder. Like all psychiatric diagnoses, this concept was shaped by particular historical actors in context and has been highly contingent on assumptions related to race, class and gender. The history of conduct disorder illustrates the tensions in child psychiatry between the expansive goals of the field and the often limited uses of its professional authority, as well as individual children as the target of intervention and their interactions in groups.

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25

Allison, Stephen, Leigh Roeger, Bradley Smith y Linda Isherwood. "Family histories of school bullying: implications for parent-child psychotherapy". Australasian Psychiatry 22, n.º 2 (10 de febrero de 2014): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1039856214520791.

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26

STAWICKI, JULIEANN y JOEL T. NIGG. "Familial Psychiatric Disorders in Child DSM-IV ADHD: Moderation by Child Gender". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1008, n.º 1 (diciembre de 2003): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1301.035.

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27

Berube, Megan, Carol Hubbard, Leah Mallory, Eric Larsen, Peter Morrison y Marilyn Augustyn. "Historic Condition in a Modern Child with Autism". Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 34, n.º 4 (mayo de 2013): 288–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dbp.0b013e31829094bb.

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28

Seto, Michael C. y Angela W. Eke. "The Criminal Histories and Later Offending of Child Pornography Offenders". Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 17, n.º 2 (abril de 2005): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107906320501700209.

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29

Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Eduardo. "180 años al servicio de Chile". Anales de la Universidad de Chile, n.º 20 (21 de abril de 2023): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0717-8883.2022.70390.

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Qué hermoso es tener la oportunidad de referirme a la Universidad de Chile con motivo de su 180° aniversario, la casa donde me formé profesionalmente, y donde me entregaron valores y principios que me han acompañado a lo largo de toda mi vida profesional y empresarial, en mi vida privada y en mi vida dedicada al servicio público por más de 40 años. Saludo con especial afecto a su rectora, Rosa Devés, destacada educadora y académica, que hoy es portadora de un nuevo hito en la historia de esta universidad al ser la primera mujer en asumir este cargo.

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30

Toth, Sheree L., Julie A. Gravener-Davis, Danielle J. Guild y Dante Cicchetti. "Relational interventions for child maltreatment: Past, present, and future perspectives". Development and Psychopathology 25, n.º 4pt2 (noviembre de 2013): 1601–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000795.

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AbstractIt is well established that child maltreatment has significant deleterious effects for the individual as well as for society. We briefly review research regarding the impact of child maltreatment on the attachment relationship, highlighting the need for relational interventions for maltreated children and their families to effectively thwart negative developmental cascades that are so often observed in the context of child maltreatment. Next, historical and contemporaneous perspectives on relational interventions for individuals with histories of child maltreatment are discussed, with attention to the empirical evidence for and the current evidence-based status of several relationally based interventions for child maltreatment. Differential sensitivity to the environment is then discussed as a theoretical framework with important implications for interventions for individuals who have been reared in maltreating environments. Current research on neurobiology and maltreatment is then reviewed, with an emphasis on the need for future investigations on genetic variants, epigenetics, and the efficacy of relational interventions for maltreated children. We conclude with a discussion of the tenets of developmental psychopathology, their implications for relational interventions for child maltreatment, and recommendations for advancing the development, provision, and evaluation of relational interventions for individuals with histories of child maltreatment.

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31

DeLuzio, Crista. "Taming the Troublesome Child: American Families, Child Guidance, and the Limits of Psychiatric Authority (review)". Bulletin of the History of Medicine 74, n.º 4 (2000): 854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2000.0175.

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32

Korbin, Jill E. "Childhood histories of women imprisoned for fatal child maltreatment". Child Abuse & Neglect 10, n.º 3 (enero de 1986): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(86)90008-6.

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Berger, D., S. Saito, Y. Ono, I. Tezuka, J. Shirahase, T. Kuboki y H. Suematsu. "Dissociation and child abuse histories in an eating disorder cohort in Japan". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 90, n.º 4 (octubre de 1994): 274–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01593.x.

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34

Clare, Anthony W. y Janette Tyrrell. "Psychiatric aspects of abortion". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 11, n.º 2 (junio de 1994): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700012428.

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AbstractObjective: To examine the evidence concerning the psychological consequences of abortion, the risk of suicide in pregnancy and the psychological consequences for the mother and the child in cases of refused abortion. Method: An extensive literature search was undertaken and key relevant papers were examined and analysed. Results: Legal abortion has become more widely available throughout the western world and the actual reported incidence of cases of refused abortion is low. The majority of studies indicate that the psychological consequences of abortion itself are in the main mild and transient but there is evidence that women who have strong religious or cultural attitudes negative to abortion do experience high levels of psychological stress following abortion. The risk of suicide is low in pregnancy and suicide is a rare outcome of refused abortion. There is evidence of psychological and social difficulties experienced by mothers of unwanted pregnancies forced to proceed to term and by many offspring of such unwanted pregnancies. Conclusions: Definitive conclusions are difficult to draw from the published studies of refused abortion and many studies are over thirty years old.

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35

Mills, John A. "Taming the Troublesome Child: American Families, Child Guidance, and the Limits of Psychiatric Authority. Kathleen W. Jones". Isis 91, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2000): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/384937.

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36

Clarke, Ciaran S. y Brian Houlihan. "Learning disability among referrals to a community child psychiatric service". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 22, n.º 1 (marzo de 2005): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700008740.

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AbstractObjectives:We sought to determine the frequency of learning disability (IQ > 70) among referrals over a period of six years to a community child psychiatric service in a socially disadvantaged area of Dublin.Methods:We investigated the gender and age characteristics, as well as the frequency of speech and language, emotional, and behavioural problems in this group. We tried to determine what educational help each child was receiving at the time of referral.Results:Sixty-five of 942 patients referred to the clinic had a mild (60) or moderate (five) learning disability. Forty-eight patients were male and 17 were female. The mean age at referral was 10.5 years, and there was no gender difference. All were referred because of educational problems. Behavioural disorders were present in 31, emotional disorders in 13 and speech and language disorders in 37. Six had suffered some form of abuse, mostly emotional. Five had problems with concentration or markedly impulsive behaviour. At the time of referral, 10 were in special schools, seven were in special classes in normal schools, and nine had a special resource teacher. Adequate educational support was not being adequately provided for 33 at the time of psychiatric referral.Conclusions:Learning disability occurs in 7% of children referred to the child psychiatry clinic of a disadvantaged urban community and, while this may reflect the late onset of psycho-social and educational problems in such children, these findings give cause for concern that delayed referral may exacerbate their and their families' problems. The educational needs of most of the children were not being addressed. Reasons for these findings are discussed.

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37

Skagius, Peter. "Brains and psyches: Child psychological and psychiatric expertise in a Swedish newspaper, 1980–2008". History of the Human Sciences 32, n.º 3 (julio de 2019): 76–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118810284.

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Most children and families have not had direct contact with child psychological and psychiatric experts. Instead they encounter developmental theories, etiological explanations and depictions of childhood disorders through indirect channels such as newspapers. Drawing on actor–network theory, this article explores two child psychological and psychiatric modes of ordering children’s mental health discernible in Sweden’s largest morning newspaper, Dagens Nyheter, during the years 1980 to 2008: a psychodynamic mode and a neuro-centered mode. In the article I show how these two relatively contemporaneous modes greatly differed in how they enacted children’s mental health. The psychodynamic mode stressed the parents’ role in structuring and affecting the child’s unconscious and saw them as the primary cause of any mental illness. In contrast, the neuro-centered mode highlighted that mental issues were related to the child’s brain and proposed different solutions depending on whether the child’s brain functioned in a ‘normal’ or ‘atypical’ manner. Each mode moreover suggested differing contexts to their discussions, with the psychodynamic mode solely discussing the parental milieu while the neuro-centered mode mainly focused on how society affected children with ‘atypical’ brains. The two modes thus had significantly diverging implications for the reader on how to understand and manage children and their psychological well-being. I further argue in the article for the relevance of actor–network theory in historical studies of psychology and psychiatry.

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Choi, Karmel W. y Kathleen J. Sikkema. "Childhood Maltreatment and Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders". Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 17, n.º 5 (8 de julio de 2016): 427–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838015584369.

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Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) compromise maternal and child well-being and may be influenced by traumatic experiences across the life course. A potent and common form of trauma is childhood maltreatment, but its specific impact on PMADs is not well understood. A systematic review was undertaken to synthesize empirical literature on the relationship between maternal histories of childhood maltreatment and PMADs. Of the 876 citations retrieved, 35 reports from a total of 26,239 participants met inclusion criteria, documenting substantial rates of childhood maltreatment and PMADs. Robust trends of association were observed between childhood maltreatment and perinatal depression, as well as post-traumatic stress disorder, but findings for anxiety were less consistent. Examining multivariate results suggested that childhood maltreatment predicts PMADs above and beyond sociodemographic, psychiatric, perinatal, and psychosocial factors, but may also be partially mediated by variables such as later victimization and moderated by protective early relationships. Future research should test mediating and moderating pathways using prospective cohorts, expanding to cross-cultural settings and other disorder outcomes. Treatment and prevention of childhood maltreatment and its sequelae may help mitigate risk for perinatal psychopathology and its impact on maternal and child outcomes.

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Williams, Linda M. "Recovered memories of abuse in women with documented child sexual victimization histories". Journal of Traumatic Stress 8, n.º 4 (octubre de 1995): 649–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490080408.

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Jonard, Lorena, Abraham J. Cohen, Sharnee Hegarty y Mohamed Ibrahim. "Storywork to Decolonize Mental Health: Recentering Indigenous Histories in Canada, Kenya and Australia". Studies in Social Justice 18, n.º 3 (16 de octubre de 2024): 399–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v18i3.4667.

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Colonization has had extremely negative impacts on the mental health and wellness of Indigenous peoples throughout the world. In this paper we take up colonial processes as they relate to Indigenous lives and mental health in three contexts: Canada, Kenya and Australia. This work engages storytelling and the method of storywork (Archibald et al., 2019) as a way to preserve and pass on history and as a way of resisting colonial oppression. This work is grounded in an intersectional approach to social justice and decolonization (Crenshaw, 1990; Hankivsky & Cormier, 2011), and supported sharing, knowledge co-creation and joint thematic narrative analysis of Indigenous experiences of mental health and justice systems across the three contexts. Our writing team represents a collaborative process between Indigenous and non-Indigenous authors where the members of the team most impacted by colonization use stories to reflect on the impact of colonization and its specific ties to psychiatric, justice and child welfare systems. This paper is presented in three main parts beginning with “Emile’s Story,” followed by “Remembering ‘Is That You Ruthie?’” and concluding with “Navigating Kenya’s Colonial Legacy.” This work engages a process of decolonization by challenging these destructive colonial narratives through storytelling. This paper will both document and demonstrate the importance of creating space for different forms of knowledge creation within academia.

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Rodríguez-Blanco, Lucía, Mónica Díaz de Neira, Rebeca García-Nieto, María José Zamorano-Ibarra, Silvia Ramos-García, Alberto Segura-Frontelo, Enrique Baca-García y Juan José Carballo. "Victimization exposure and suicidal ideation among Spaniard adolescents evaluated at outpatient mental health services". International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 27, n.º 2 (1 de mayo de 2015): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-5014.

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Abstract Suicidal ideation among adolescents has been associated with victimization in various studies; however, the nature of this association is not clear. Our aim was to examine the influence of victimization exposure on suicidal ideation in a clinical sample of adolescents. Eleven to 17-year-old subjects were recruited from Child and Adolescent Outpatient Psychiatric Services. They completed the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview, the Stressful Life Events Scale, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Children’s Depression Inventory, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, and the Family APGAR. Demographic data, developmental features, medical and psychiatric history, family history, and treatment histories were also evaluated. A backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the influence of victimization exposure on suicidal ideation controlling for potential confounding variables. Two hundred and thirty-nine adolescents (62.3% male; mean age 14.31 years, SD=1.9) took part in this investigation. Of these, 20.9% reported victimization exposure. Adolescents who experienced peer victimization and/or were victims of a crime were significantly more likely to report suicidal ideation (χ2=10.05, df=1, p=0.002). However, suicidal ideation was only predicted by emotional and behavioral problems (χ2=4.79, df=1, p=0.029), depressive sympthomatology (χ2=3.17, df=1, p=0.075), and number of total stressful life events (χ2=4.02, df=1, p=0.045). Behavioral and emotional problems, as well as the accumulation of stressful life events may have a direct relation to suicidal ideation among adolescents evaluated at Child and Adolescent Mental Health Outpatient Services. Future studies might consider a comprehensive assessment of victimization and the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple stressful life events. Longitudinal designs are warranted.

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Urban, Joan, Elizabeth Carlson, Byron Egeland y L. Alan Sroufe. "Patterns of individual adaptation across childhood". Development and Psychopathology 3, n.º 4 (octubre de 1991): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400007628.

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AbstractContinuity in individual patterns of adaptation and maladaptation was examined across the years from infancy to preadolescence. Forty-seven preadolescent subjects from a 15-year longitudinal study of children at risk for developmental problems participated. Subjects were intensively observed in a 4-week summer daycamp at age 10. Children were then rated on scales of agency, social skill, dependency, positive and negative affect, and ranked on emotional health. In addition, Q-sorts were performed to obtain an overall description of the child's personality, and observations were made of child-adult interactions. Significant differences were found between secure and insecure attachment groups on molar measures of adaptation including social competence and ego resiliency. Children with anxious histories were also rated higher on dependency and were found to be more frequently involved in interactions with adults than children with secure histories. In addition, differences were found in the patterns of adaptation exhibited by children with the two types of anxious attachment history. Children with resistant histories were found to be more often the recipients of adult-initiated contact, specifically support and nurturance, than were children with avoidant attachment histories. Comparison of overall personality style through correlations of composite counselor Q-sorts identified children with secure and resistant attachment histories as most like other children with the same attachment history. Results for avoidant children did not achieve significance. Patterns of contemporary child behavior revealed through counselor Q-sorts were also found to be related to theoretically derived predictions from patterns observed in infancy.

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Healy, C. J., Kellie Ann Lee y Wendy D’Andrea. "Using Psychedelics With Therapeutic Intent Is Associated With Lower Shame and Complex Trauma Symptoms in Adults With Histories of Child Maltreatment". Chronic Stress 5 (enero de 2021): 247054702110298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/24705470211029881.

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Background Child maltreatment negatively affects the formation of internal schemata of self and other during development, leading to negative adaptations in self-concept and social cognition. Clinical reports suggest the efficacy of psychedelics in treating the psychopathological sequelae of child maltreatment. Altering maladaptive schemata of self and other implicated in negative self-concept and impaired social cognition may be a central mechanism for reducing posttraumatic stress symptoms. Aims This study aims to assess whether psychedelic use moderates the relationships between child maltreatment and self-concept, social cognition, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Method An online survey was completed by 166 participants and included measures of maltreatment exposure and severity, history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use, posttraumatic stress symptoms, internalized shame, and facial emotion recognition. Results Child maltreatment significantly correlated with posttraumatic stress symptoms ( r = .26 and r = .20, p < .01) and internalized shame ( r = .18, p < .05). Of all maltreatment subtypes, emotional abuse and neglect most strongly correlated with complex trauma symptoms ( r = .32, p < .001) and internalized shame ( r = .31, p < .001). Participants with a history of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use reported significantly lower complex trauma symptoms ( d = 0.33, p < .05) and internalized shame ( d = 0.35, p < .05) despite similar histories of maltreatment. Differences in complex trauma symptoms ( d = 0.66, p < .01) and internalized shame ( d = 0.80, p < .001) were largest for participants with a history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use. A history of more than 5 occasions of intentional therapeutic psychedelic use significantly moderated the relationship between emotional abuse and neglect and complex trauma symptoms (p < .01). No associations were found between maltreatment or psychedelic use and facial emotion recognition. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that using psychedelic drugs with therapeutic intent is associated with lower levels of complex trauma symptoms and internalized shame in individuals with histories of child maltreatment. Psychedelic use may have therapeutic benefit in treating the posttraumatic sequelae of child maltreatment.

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Brown, Lisa, Janice Russell, Christopher Thornton y Stewart Dunn. "Experiences of Physical and Sexual Abuse in Australian General Practice Attenders and an Eating Disordered Population". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, n.º 3 (junio de 1997): 398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709073850.

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Objective: To determine the reported rates of child physical and sexual abuse experienced by hospitalised eating disordered patients compared to a control group of women attending general practitioners. Method: A retrospective survey using the self-report Finkelhor Sexual Life Events Inventory and clinical reports. Results: Nearly one-half of eating disordered patients reported a history of child sexual abuse and one-quarter reported child physical abuse. These rates were significantly higher than those reported by the control group. Conclusions: Direct questioning regarding trauma histories is warranted when assessing patients with eating disorders and attention to such issues should be incorporated into the total management plan.

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Steele, Howard, Anne Murphy, Karen Bonuck, Paul Meissner y Miriam Steele. "Randomized control trial report on the effectiveness of Group Attachment-Based Intervention (GABI©): Improvements in the parent–child relationship not seen in the control group". Development and Psychopathology 31, n.º 1 (febrero de 2019): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418001621.

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AbstractThis paper reports on a randomized control trial involving children less than 3 years old and their mothers who were regarded at risk of maltreating their children by referral agencies. Mothers’ risk status derived from a heavy trauma burden (average exposure over the first 18 years of their lives to 10 possible adverse childhood experiences [ACEs] was >5), mental health challenges (15%–28% had experienced a prior psychiatric hospitalization), and prior removal of a child to foster care (20%). Mothers were randomly assigned to either a widely used parenting class known as Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) or the Group Attachment-Based Intervention (GABI), a multifamily 26-week treatment. The resulting mother–child pairs available for consideration in this baseline versus end-of-treatment report were 35 families in the STEP arm and 43 families in the GABI arm. The focus of this paper is the outcome measure of observed parent–child relationship assessed with the Coding of Interactive Behavior (Feldman, 1998) collected at baseline and end of treatment. In comparison to STEP, results indicated that GABI was linked to significant improvements in maternal supportive presence and dyadic reciprocity, and significant declines in maternal hostility and dyadic constriction (proxies for risk of child maltreatment). These medium-to large-sized effects remained significant even after controlling for mothers’ prior ACEs in analysis of covariance procedures. In addition, two small interaction effects of ACEs by treatment type were found, underlining the need for, and value of, treatments that are sensitive to parents’ traumatic histories.

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Мухарямова, Л. М., Ж. В. Савельева, К. К. Яхин, И. И. Семина y И. С. Сабиров. "Autism Diagnostics: Interaction of Doctors and Parents in the Interest of Children". Психиатрия, психотерапия и клиническая психология, n.º 3 (28 de octubre de 2020): 644–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2020.11.3.020.

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В статье рассматривается взаимодействие врачей различных специальностей и родителей детей с расстройствами аутистического спектра (РАС) в контексте теории социального конструкционизма. Основное внимание уделено анализу опыта родителей по взаимодействию с врачами и медицинскими организациями в процессе диагностирования у ребенка РАС. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляют материалы 42 индивидуальных интервью с родителями, проживающими в городах Казань, Санкт-Петербург, Йошкар-Ола, и 3 фокус-групп; анализ 350 историй болезни (за 2015–2018 гг.) стационарных пациентов с диагнозом «детский аутизм» в Республиканской клинической психиатрической больнице им. В.М. Бехтерева Минздрава Татарстана. На основе анализа полученных данных показано, что участковые педиатры не имеют настороженности по отношению к РАС даже в тех случаях, когда родители активно выражают беспокойство в связи с особенностями поведения ребенка. Врачи-неврологи первоначально применяют медикаментозное лечение и только после прохождения всего курса направляют ребенка к врачу-психиатру. Средний возраст ребенка на момент установления заключительного клинического диагноза F84.0 составил 4,5±2 года. Время, когда можно применить весь арсенал методов раннего вмешательства, оказывается упущенным. Такая ситуация может привести к ухудшению социального функционирования пациентов с РАС и к институциональным конфликтам между медицинскими работниками и родителями пациентов. Полученные результаты необходимо учитывать при организации диагностики и лечебно-коррекционной помощи пациентам. In the article, there is discussed the interaction of doctors of various specialties and parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the context of the theory of social constructionism. The main attention is given to the analysis of parents’ experience in interacting with doctors and medical organizations in the process of diagnosing ASD in children. The empirical base of the study comprises the material of 42 individual interviews with parents living in the cities of Kazan,Saint Petersburg, Yoshkar-Ola, and 3 focus groups; the analysis of 350 case histories (for the period of 2015–2018) of in-patients diagnosed with child autism at the Bekhterev Republican clinical psychiatric hospital of the Ministry of Health of Tatarstan. On the base of the analysis of the obtained data, it was showed that the district pediatricians are not alert in relation to ASD, even when parents clearly express concern about their child’s behavior. Neurologists initially prescribe medication and only after completing the entire course refer the child to psychiatrist. The average age of the child at the time of the final clinical diagnosis of F84.0 was 4.5±2 years. The time of using the entire arsenal of early intervention methods is passed. This situation can lead to social malfunctioning of patients with ASD and to institutional conflicts between medical professionals and parents of patients. The obtained results should be taken into account when organizing events and providing medical and correctional assistance to patients.

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Cheng, Siwei, Kyriaki Kosidou, Bo Burström, Charlotte Björkenstam, Anne R. Pebley y Emma Björkenstam. "Precarious Childhoods: Childhood Family Income Volatility and Mental Health in Early Adulthood". Social Forces 99, n.º 2 (20 de marzo de 2020): 672–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sf/soaa020.

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Abstract The rise of income volatility in western countries has been extensively documented in the literature, but empirical research has just started to examine how childhood exposure to family income volatility affects subsequent wellbeing. This study takes advantage of several nation-wide, population registers from Sweden with linkages within and across generations to examine the intergenerational impact of childhood family income volatility on psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. In addition to the population-average effects, we also examine the heterogeneity in the impact of family income volatility for families at the top, bottom, and middle of the family income distribution. Our results suggest that after controlling for a set of family- and child-level characteristics, childhood family income volatility has a negative effect on mental wellbeing, and this finding is consistent across a range of psychiatric outcomes. Furthermore, we show that while children from low-income families exhibit the greatest likelihood of psychiatric disorder, children from families in the middle of the income distribution experience the greatest negative impact of income volatility.

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Briere, John y Marsha Runtz. "Differential adult symptomatology associated with three types of child abuse histories". Child Abuse & Neglect 14, n.º 3 (enero de 1990): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(90)90007-g.

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Follette, William C., Amy E. Naugle y Victoria M. Follette. "MMPI-2 profiles of adult women with child sexual abuse histories: Cluster-analytic findings." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 65, n.º 5 (1997): 858–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.65.5.858.

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Kaplan, Robert M. "Mary Barkas: a New Zealand pioneer at the Maudsley". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 34, n.º 3 (1 de marzo de 2016): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2016.10.

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ObjectiveAn account of the life of pioneer New Zealand psychiatrist Mary Barkas.ConclusionAt a time when women were rare in psychiatry, New Zealand-born Mary Barkas excelled. A pioneer in the early years of the Maudsley Hospital, Barkas demonstrated her versatility in organic psychiatry, psychoanalysis and child psychiatry. Her career was terminated at an early stage and her life took a puzzling turn after she returned to New Zealand in 1933. Many questions about this intriguing and accomplished psychiatrist need to be explored.

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