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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Protohistory"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de junio de 2025

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Török, Béla. "The Story of the International Scientific Commission of the UISPP for Archaeometry of Pre- and Protohistoric Inorganic Artifacts, Materials and Technologies." Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Natural Sciences in Archaeology XIII, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.7.

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The International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (UISPP), an organisation with over 90 years of history, includes all the fields and disciplines that contribute to the development of prehistory and protohistory. To achieve their goals, the UISPP organises periodically a world congress on prehistoric and protohistoric sciences. Based on proposals received, the general assembly decides on the creation of scientific commissions, following the advice of the executive committee of the UISPP. The main objective of these commissions is to promote and coordinate international research in a specific or specialised domain of the prehistoric and protohistoric sciences between each world congress. Based on the success and interest shown in a session of the 17th UISPP Congress, the need has arisen to create a new scientific commission in the field of archaeometry. This brief text describes the creation of this commission and its scientific activities to date. The commission aims at discussing and transmitting the archaeometric approaches to technologies in Prehistory and Protohistory concerning lithic technology, metallurgy, ceramics and glass making; gathering and organising the results, conclusions and circumstances of archaeometric case studies of artifacts; paying particular attention to production, procurement and characterisation of raw materials, and fabrication technologies; and discussing relevant interdisciplinary investigation methods and techniques.

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Arturo, García-López, Dorado Alejos Alberto, and Moratalla Jávega Jesús. "Explotación de la piedra en la protohistoria ibérica: análisis FTIR en la sierra de Alcaraz (Albacete, España)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 51 (June 23, 2023): 119–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060716.

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Se presentan nuevos datos sobre la explotación de la piedra con fines constructivos en la protohistoria del sudeste de la península ibérica, concretamente del yacimiento de Los Cucos (Bogarra, Albacete) y una posible cantera de aprovisionamiento. Este estudio pretende conectar los inéditos datos arquitectónicos con la aplicación del análisis mediante infrarrojos por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). ENGLISH: Stone Exploitation in Iberian Protohistory: FTIR Analysis from the Sierra de Alcaraz, Albacete, Spain. We present new data on the exploitation of stone for construction purposes in the protohistory of the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, specifically from the site of Los Cucos (Bogarra, Albacete) and a possible supply quarry. This study aims to connect the unpublished architectural data with the application of Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR).

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McLeester, Madeleine. "Storage, seasonality, and women’s labor in northern Illinois: Using archaeological pollen analysis to investigate protohistory." North American Archaeologist 39, no. 4 (October 2018): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693118806068.

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This article introduces new data to explorations of protohistoric lifeways and expands understandings of storage, seasonal practices, and women’s labor. Pollen analysis was conducted on sediment samples from the 1979 excavation of the late precontact Oak Forest site (11CK53) in Cook County, IL, near Chicago. The data demonstrate the springtime collection of firewood and the use of grass to line storage features. These data also capture protohistoric women’s labor, since, according to historical records, women prepared storage pits and collected firewood. Tacking between protohistory and history, findings demonstrate probable continuity in seasonal practices that requires a rethinking and refining of how we categorize change during the transition to the colonial era. Overall, this work reintroduces the effectiveness of pollen analysis to address long-standing questions in Midwestern archaeology.

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González Santana, Mónica. "LA REPRESENTACIÓN DEL PODER EN LAS COMUNIDADES PROTOHISTÓRICAS DEL NOROESTE PENINSULAR. EXCELENCIA MASCULINA Y COTIDIANIDAD FEMENINA." RAUDEM. Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres 1 (May 22, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/raudem.v1i0.565.

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Resumen: Dentro de las estrategias de acceso al poder de las élites masculinas, la articulación y dominio de los espacios de representación servirían de garantía tanto a la legitimación como a la consolidación de las desigualdades sociales. Una garantía que se apoyaba en el control de las armas, los rituales y la autoridad. En ese sentido, el estudio, como parte del lenguaje simbólico del poder, de los espacios y materiales rescatados nos ayuda a entender cómo se construyeron las diferencias de género y con ellas las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres.Palabras clave: protohistoria, arqueología, espacios, género, poder, patriarcado, excelencia y cotidianidad.English Title: The Representation of Power in the Northwest Peninsular Protohistoric Communities. Masculine Excellence and Feminine CotidianityAbstract: In the power strategies of masculine elites, the articulation and domination of representational spaces would serve to guarantee their legitimacy, but they would also consolidate social inequalities. Masculine power, shored up by development of defensive weaponry, was organised through control of weapons, rules and rituals. This study of spaces and materials will assist in understanding how such societies, through this symbolic language of power, constructed gender differences and thereby created inequalities between men and women.Key words: protohistory, archaeology, spaces, gender, poser, patriarchy, excellence andcotidianity.

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Perkins, Stephen M., and Timothy G. Baugh. "Protohistory and the Wichita." Plains Anthropologist 53, no. 208 (November 2008): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pan.2008.028.

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Bhan, Suraj. "North Indian Protohistory and Vedic Aryans." Ancient Asia 1 (December 1, 2006): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aa.06115.

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Pascual, Izquierdo-Egea. "Mailhac y las fluctuaciones económicas de la protohistoria ibérica arcaica (550-450 a. C.)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 11 (October 31, 2011): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1310131.

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El análisis de la necrópolis Grand Bassin II de Mailhac (Aude, Francia), mediante el método de valoración contextual de sus ajuares, ha mejorado nuestro conocimiento científico sobre las fluctuaciones económicas de la protohistoria ibérica arcaica, arrojando abundante luz no solo sobre esta cuestión sino también acerca de los acontecimientos del Mediterráneo occidental a lo largo de un período escasamente conocido. En síntesis, el registro funerario de Mailhac evidencia una espectacular bonanza durante el tercer cuarto del siglo VI antes de nuestra era; por el contrario, el último cuarto de dicha centuria muestra un acusado descenso de la acumulación económica, coincidente con el ocaso del comercio griego con las comunidades galas a través del Ródano; mientras que el primer cuarto del siglo V indica una nueva prosperidad más acentuada que la anterior, en conexión directa con la etapa expansiva del iberismo levantino. ENGLISH: Mailhac and the economic fluctuations of early Iberian protohistory, 550-450 BC. The analysis of the Grand Bassin II cemetery at Mailhac (Aude, France), using the contextual appraisal method for grave goods, has improved our scientific understanding of economic fluctuations in early Iberian protohistory, throwing much light not only on this issue but also on the events of the western Mediterranean during a little known period. In short, the funerary record shows a dramatic boom at Mailhac during the third quarter of the 6th century BC; on the other hand, the last quarter of this century shows a sharp decline in economic accumulation, coinciding with the fall of Greek trade with the Gaul communities across the Rhône while the first quarter of the 5th century indicates a new prosperity more marked than the previous one, in direct connection with the upswing of the Levantine Iberians.

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Pascual, Izquierdo-Egea. "Pozo Moro y los cambios socio-económicos de la protohistoria ibérica durante los siglos V y IV antes de nuestra era." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 2 (June 19, 2009): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1306831.

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Años atrás desarrollamos y propusimos una nueva metodología para medir estadísticamente el gasto funerario y establecer su relación con las fluctuaciones económicas de la civilización ibérica, obteniendo resultados sumamente significativos. Ahora, sin perder de vista esa columna vertebral como referente obligado, la necrópolis de Pozo Moro aporta novedades esclarecedoras sobre el pasado protohistórico de estos pueblos prerromanos durante los siglos V y IV antes de nuestra era. ENGLISH: Pozo Moro and the socio-economic changes of Iberian protohistory during the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Years ago we developed and proposed a new methodology for measuring statistically the funeral expense and establish its relationship with the economic fluctuations of Iberian civilization, getting highly significant results. Now, without losing sight the spine as a point of reference, the Pozo Moro cemetery provides enlightening updates on the protohistoric past of these pre-Roman peoples during the V and IV centuries BC.

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Guidi, Alessandro. "150 Years of Prehistory and Protohistory in Italy." Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 22, no. 1 (July 26, 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.22117.

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McCall, Daniel F. "Herodotus on the Garamantes: A Problem in Protohistory." History in Africa 26 (January 1999): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172141.

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The Garamantes first come to our notice with Herodotus' Survey of Libya. Hekataeus of Miletus traveled along the Libyan coast over half a century before Herodotus, but his work is preserved only in fragments. Hekataeus may have mentioned the Garamantes, but if so, that part of his work has not survived. The Histories of Herodotus (iv.174) lists the “Garamantes” among the peoples of eastern Libya, giving to each a brief description; and iv.183 refers to them in another list, this one a sequence of stopping places on a desert trail which includes “the country of the Garamantes.”The earlier paragraph had fewer than half a dozen lines and the later one fewer than two dozen; not very much in total, but as Vansina has recently affirmed, the medievalist's axiom also applies to Africa: “the fewer the sources… the more they are treasured and scrutinized.”The intent of this paper is to attempt to determine how the two references, four paragraphs apart, are related to each other; and thereby to prepare the way to extract as much as we can learn from these two references about the Garamantes in the time of Herodotus, the fifth century BC.

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Streit, Katharina, and Yosef Garfinkel. "Tel Tsaf and the Impact of the Ubaid Culture on the Southern Levant: Interpreting the Radiocarbon Evidence." Radiocarbon 57, no. 5 (2015): 865–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/azu_rc.57.18200.

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A data set of 18 radiocarbon dates from the domestic quarter and the well at Tel Tsaf provide conclusive evidence for the absolute dating of this Middle Chalcolithic site. Bayesian modeling suggests that the site was occupied in the last quarter of the 6th millennium BC and abandoned in the first quarter of the 5th millennium. The absolute dating of Tel Tsaf has further implications for the synchronization of the protohistory of the Levant. The ceramic assemblage of Tel Tsaf included delicately painted ceramic sherds (so-called Tel Tsaf ware), which are distinct from the common plain ware. Comparable motifs have been identified in ceramic assemblages of contemporary Ubaid sites such as Tell Mashnaqa, Tell Zeidan, Tell el-Abr, and Hammam et-Turkan IV in northern Mesopotamia. Tel Tsaf is a rare example of a little researched connection between the Ubaid culture and the Middle Chalcolithic of the southern Levant. The findings of Tel Tsaf expand the southwestern border of the Ubaid sphere of influence and shed new light on long-distance interaction in protohistory.

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Migliavacca, Mara. "Salt and pastoralism in the Protohistory of the Veneto." Quaternary Science Reviews 334 (June 2024): 108694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108694.

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González-Zambrano, Pablo. "Decolonizando Tarteso en el estudio de la Protohistoria mediterránea." Anduli, no. 20 (2021): 159–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/anduli.2021.i20.09.

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Tartessus has been one of the most controversial subjects in Spanish historiography for the last five centuries, although its mentions date back to the 7th century BC. In this work we analyze how the concept of Tartessus has been extrapolated to each context of historiographic production, and the different uses that have been made of it. To do this, we examine works that deal with the theme and context of Tartessus and analyze the discourse to understand how the historical narrative of the present has been colonizing the past of the southern peninsula. Such analysis has led us to discern that Tartessus, with its colonial connotations, has functioned as a hinge between the north and the south of the peninsula and as the scene of the struggle between east and west within the Mediterranean framework. Hence, Andalusian protohistory has served as a legitimizing basis for claims of the north over the south.

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Surikov, Igor. "B. Bohen. Kratos & Krater: Reconstructing an Athenian Protohistory. Oxford, 2017." Vestnik drevnei istorii 79, no. 2 (2019): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032103910005045-2.

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Woudhuizen, Fred C. "Towards a reconstruction of Tin-trade routes in mediterranean protohistory." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 92, no. 2 (March 27, 2018): 342–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2017-0023.

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Zusammenfassung: In dieser Arbeit wird ein für die Bronzezeit des Mittelmeerraums grundlegendes Thema angesprochen: Woher stammt das Zinn zur Herstellung von Bronzeobjekten? Tatsächlich lassen sich nur zwei Möglichkeiten erkennen: der Mittlere Osten (Afghanistan und die Region Oxus an seiner nordöstlichen Grenze) oder der Westen (Erzgebirge, Bretagne, Cornwall oder Gallizien).

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Henry, Yves, Mariette Bedhomme, and Guillaume Blanc. "History, protohistory and prehistory of the Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome complement." Trends in Plant Science 11, no. 6 (June 2006): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.04.002.

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van Velzen, Bas. "Entering the OBAzoic Era: A Protohistory of an Optical Brightener." Journal of Paper Conservation 16, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18680860.2015.1123469.

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Belyakov, Andrey Vasilyevich. "A New Document about the Protohistory of the City of Samara." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: History. International Relations 14, no. 1 (2014): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2014-14-1-82-85.

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Landry, Christophe, Jean-Michel Treffort, Laurie Tremblay-Cormier, Jean-Luc Gisclon, Philippe Henon, Eymeric Morin, Dominique Lalai, et al. "Entre Alpes et Léman, Thonon aux âges des métaux." Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie 20, no. 1 (2018): 295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/edyte.2018.1431.

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The coastline of Thonon-les-Bains and its hinterland provide a favourable framework to the spatial and diachronic analysis of land use during Protohistory. This synthesis is based on the study of old finds and the results of recent rescue operations, in an area between the Dranse and Redon rivers. About 15 sites form a relatively well-documented micro-region, extending from the piledwellings village of Rives 2 to the settlements and cemeteries stepped on glacial terraces, on the marshlands filling the sinkholes of “ Aviet” in Allinges, and of “ Versoie” next to the Genevray.

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Bernardo Stempel, Patrizia de, and Jesús Alberto Arenas Esteban. "Celtic Dialects and Cultural Contacts in Protohistory: the Italian and Iberian Peninsulae." Etudes Celtiques 37, no. 1 (2011): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecelt.2011.2328.

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Jiang, Haoyan. "The Study on the Manchus Mixed Economy towards the End of the Ming Dynasty and How This Mixed Economy Contributed to the Manchus Successful Conquest of China." Communications in Humanities Research 4, no. 1 (May 17, 2023): 130–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/4/20220349.

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The conquest of China was not merely a historical coincidence but an incident resulting from all possible aspects and factors historians can or cannot think of. Through analysing the role played by the early Manchus' mixed economy, this paper has drawn some links between the Manchu protohistory and their rise to power. This insight emphasized the significance of viewing the Manchu conquest by considering the dynamic interplay between local and world history. However, it is still necessary and relevant to study the local history carefully and in isolation so that these intricate links and valuable details can be gleaned to fit into a larger picture of the all-encompassing global history.

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Belcher, William. "Indian Archaeology in Retrospect, Volume II: Protohistory--Archaeology of the Harappan Civilization (review)." Asian Perspectives 42, no. 2 (2003): 395–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/asi.2003.0034.

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Pascual, Izquierdo-Egea. "Una tecnica estadistica para medir la conflictividad social a traves del registro arqueologico." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 25 (January 14, 2015): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1311918.

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Se presenta aqui una tecnica estadistica para medir la conflictividad social a traves del registro mortuorio. Nace al amparo del metodo de valoracion contextual empleado en el analisis de los ajuares funerarios desde 1993. Se trata de una herramienta fundamental para el desarrollo de la arqueologia de los fenomenos sociales, cuyos relevantes resultados empiricos avalan su trascendencia teorica. Tras proceder a su conceptualizacion en funcion de la desigualdad social y la riqueza relativa, se explican las dos clases de conflictividad social definidas: estructural o estatica y coyuntural o dinamica. Finalmente, se incluyen sus conexiones con la ley demografica de Malthus a traves de sus dos parametros: poblacion y recursos. Todo este entramado teorico se ilustra con algunas aplicaciones referidas a las civilizaciones antiguas, abarcando la protohistoria iberica, la Mesoamerica prehispanica o la Roma altoimperial. ENGLISH: A Statistical Technique to Measure Social Conflict through the Archaeological Record. A statistical technique to measure social conflict through the mortuary record is presented here. It is born under the contextual valuation method used in the analysis of grave goods since 1993. This is a fundamental tool for the development of the archaeology of social phenomena, whose relevant empirical results support its theoretical significance. After conveying its conceptualization in terms of social inequality and relative wealth, the two classes of social conflict are explained: static or structural and dynamic or conjunctural. Finally, connections with the Malthusian demographic law through its two parameters—population and resources—are included. The synthesis of these theoretical frameworks is illustrated with applications to ancient civilizations, including Iberian protohistory, prehispanic Mesoamerica, and early imperial Rome.

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Hedeager, Lotte. "Pioniers of protohistory - N. Roymans and F. Theuws (eds): Images of the Past. Studies on Ancient Societies in Northwestem Europe, Amsterdam1991 (Studies in Pre- and Protohistory 7), 407 pp., Dfl. 150,-." Archaeological Dialogues 1, no. 1 (January 1994): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s138020380000012x.

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Suroto, Hari. "KEHIDUPAN MASA PROTOSEJARAH DI SITUS MOSANDUREI, NABIRE (Protohistory Life in the Mosandurei Site, Nabire)." Jurnal Penelitian Arkeologi Papua dan Papua Barat 7, no. 1 (June 3, 2017): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/papua.v7i1.34.

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The survey results Mosandurei ground level at the site shows potential archaeological remains are diverse, but it can not be interpreted broadly associated with human use of the site by supporters. So we need systematic research with excavation. This paper aims to determine the pattern of human use of the site by supporters; knowing the character of human culture supporter Mosandurei site and to know the culture process Mosandurei sites. This paper aims to determine human life ever Mosandurei activity on the site in the past. Data collection is done in several ways, namely literature, surveying the ground, excavation. Data analysis was performed with artefaktual analysis, contextual analysis, and stratigraphic analysis. The survey and excavation at ground level Mosandurei site managed to find shells of mollusks, bone fragments, teeth, fragments of pottery, fragments of Chinese ceramics, European ceramics fragments, fragments of European bottles, beads, and stone tools. Based on the analysis of the data it is concluded that the site Mosandurei a prehistoric dwelling sites that continued until past history.AbstrakHasil survei permukaan tanah di situs Mosandurei menunjukkan potensi tinggalan arkeologi yang beragam, namun hal ini belum dapat menginterpretasikan secara luas terkait dengan pemanfaatan situs oleh manusia pendukungnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian yang sistematis dengan ekskavasi perlu dilakukan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kehidupan manusia yang pernah beraktivitas di situs Mosandurei pada masa lampau. Kajian tulisan ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan beberapa cara, yaitu studi pustaka, survei permukaan tanah, ekskavasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis artefaktual, analisis kontekstual, dan analisis stratigrafis. Hasil survei permukaan tanah dan ekskavasi di situs Mosandurei berhasil menemukan cangkang moluska, fragmen tulang, gigi, fragmen gerabah, fragmen keramik Cina, fragmen keramik Eropa, fragmen botol Eropa, manik-manik, dan alat batu. Berdasarkan analisis data maka diinterpretasikan bahwa situs Mosandurei merupakan situs hunian prasejarah yang berlanjut hingga masa sejarah.

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Almeida, Sara, Ricardo Costeira da Silva, and António João Nunes Monteiro. "O Crasto de Soure no Estuário do Mondego no Final do I Milénio a.C.: as evidências materiais." Portugalia: Revista de Arqueologia do Departamento de Ciências e Técnicas do Património da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade do Porto 43 (2022): 23–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/09714290/port43a2.

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The Crasto de Soure pairs up among the archaeological sites linked to protohistory and Romanisation of the Mondego lower basin. However, despite the interventions made and the supposed relevance of the archaeological settlement, only the preliminary news of the first archaeological excavations carried out in 1987 and 1990 are known. These were the most extensive works carried out at the site and provided a significant set of artefacts that have remained partially unpublished. In this regard, rather than reporting new findings at the site, this paper aims to explore the data gathered in those campaigns. A special focus is given to the study of material remains, which constitute the fundamental element to link the site to what will be a turning point in the occupation of this territory - the end of the 1st millennium BC

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Guidi, Alessandro. "TWENTY YEARS AFTER “ABSOLUTE CHRONOLOGY: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EUROPE 2500-500 BC” NEW DATA ON ITALIAN PROTOHISTORY." Acta Archaeologica 89, no. 1 (December 2018): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0390.2018.12192.x.

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Bocquentin, Fanny, Miquel Molist, and Ianir Milevski. "Connections and Disconnections in the Late Prehistory and Protohistory of the Levant: Discussion and perspectives." Paléorient 42, no. 2 (2016): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/paleo.2016.5727.

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Pérez, Emiliano, Pilar Merchán, María José Merchán, and Santiago Salamanca. "Virtual Reality to Foster Social Integration by Allowing Wheelchair Users to Tour Complex Archaeological Sites Realistically." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2020): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030419.

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People with disabilities encounter numerous barriers when dealing with the simplest and most usual things in their daily lives. This is even more remarkable when they are faced with archaeological heritage buildings or environments. People with reduced mobility come too often upon architectural barriers that stop them from enjoying their visits to sites and monuments. This paper introduces a virtual reality (VR) experience developed to provide people in wheelchairs with the most realistic sensations while virtually touring some archaeological sites. To this end, the remote sensing of the site enables the production of a realistic 3D model leading to the creation of a virtual world that the user will explore. This VR application has been developed to traverse one of the most important monumental buildings in Spanish Protohistory, the site of Cancho Roano (Zalamea de la Serena, Spain).

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Wiradnyana, Ketut. "MIGRASI AUSTRONESIA PROTOSEJARAH KE PULAU SAMOSIR DAN PERANNYA PADA KEBUDAYAAN DI WILAYAH SEKITARNYA." Tumotowa 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/tmt.v1i1.8.

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Samosir Island in the middle of Lake Toba, a central area of Toba Batak culture. Prehistoric cultural aspect that is very prominent in the Batak Toba culture is a megalithic culture in the form of ancestor worship concept, container graves and various shades of decorative patterns. variety of shapes, materials and decorative patterns have in common with shades of megalithic culture in Sulawesi. Based on the cultural pattern that develops and research results in the area of prehistoric Austronesian in the surrounding area indicate that migration to the island of Samosir in the period Austronesian protohistory. The indicated migration of Sulawesi in the early AD. Since the Toba Batak society plays an important role in the cultural assimilation with the surrounding area. it can be determined based on the study of archaeological and ethnographic approach through deductive reasoning eksplanatif.

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Sanmartí, Joan, Nabil Kallala, Maria Carme Belarte, Joan Ramon, Bouthéina Maraoui Telmini, Rafel Jornet, and Souad Miniaoui. "Filling Gaps in the Protohistory of the Eastern Maghreb: The Althiburos Archaeological Project (El Kef, Tunisia)." Journal of African Archaeology 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10213.

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Little is known about the Eastern Maghreb in the second and first millennia BC, except for the very last centuries when classical sources provide some information about the Numidian kingdoms. The survey and excavation of Althiburos and its surroundings have provided valuable data related to the first millennium BC. Occupation of the site dates back to the ninth or tenth century cal BC and continues into Roman times. Archaeobiological data — particularly the evidence of grape, a crop that only provides a return after several years, but thereafter produces fruit for a considerable period — suggest that the population was sedentary from the beginning, and that it probably grew throughout occupation. Iron slag is also present from the eight or tenth century cal BC. The construction of a Punic-type cistern and an impressive defensive wall indicate that the site developed into a city-like settlement by the mid-first millennium BC. While relations with Carthage may have played an important role in this process, we suggest that population growth was the main cause for sedentariness and, later, for the development of cities and the Numidian states. Other important aspects of the project include the typology and dating of pottery, the discovery of small pre-Roman habitation sites, and the dating of a small dolmen and one of the funerary mounds in the city’s surroundings.

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Capuzzo, Giacomo, Elisabetta Boaretto, and Juan A. Barceló. "EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France." Radiocarbon 56, no. 02 (2014): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200049870.

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The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 160014C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.

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García-López, Arturo, and Fernando Prados Martínez. "El trabajo de la piedra en la Protohistoria balear. Estudio tecnológico y productivo de la arquitectura de Son Catlar (Ciutadella, Menorca)." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 31.2 (2022): 75–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2022.i31.20.

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n Resultado de los trabajos derivados del Proyecto Modular: Arquitectura fenicio-púnica en Menorca, presentamos un avance del estudio tecnológico y productivo de la piedra empleada para la construcción de la arquitectura de Son Catlar (Ciutadella). El objeto de este estudio es representar la secuencia de los procesos de trabajo, desde la explotación de la materia prima en las áreas de actividad que conocemos como canteras, hasta el consumo del material constructivo y su constitución como aparejo en el poblado. Pretendemos con esta investigación dar los primeros pasos en esta línea, valorando el papel que jugó la introducción de la tecnología del hierro y de las canteras para extracción de sillarejo durante el período denominado Postalayótico (II Edad del Hierro) momento previo a la conquista romana en que la isla se abrió culturalmente al Mediterráneo (550-123 a.C.).

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Véron, Alain, Christophe Morhange, André Poirier, Bernard Angeletti, and Frédérique Bertoncello. "Geochemical markers of human occupation in the lower Argens valley (Fréjus, France): from protohistory to Roman times." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 17 (February 2018): 242–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2017.09.028.

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Manuel, Abelleira Durán, Dorado Alejos Alberto, M.ª Adroher Auroux Andrés, and Miguel Osuna Cervantes José. "Estudio de los morteros de los aljibes «a bagnarola» del Cerro de la Cruz (Almedinilla, Córdoba, España)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 46 (December 4, 2020): 133–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4304254.

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El presente trabajo expone los resultados preliminares obtenidos del estudio de uno de los aljibes de tipo a bagnarola documentados en el Cerro de la Cruz (Almedinilla, Córdoba). Primeramente, presentamos los contextos en los que se han localizado los aljibes, mientras que la segunda parte del estudio se centra en los resultados del análisis mineralógico y petrográfico de la bagnarola 6. Estos resultados permiten señalar una factura indígena de tradición púnica. ENGLISH: Study of the Mortars of the Cisterns “a Bagnarola” from Cerro de la Cruz (Almedinilla, Cordoba, Spain). This paper presents the preliminary results obtained from the study of one of the bagnarola-type cisterns documented at Cerro de la Cruz (Almedinilla, Córdoba). Firstly, we present the contexts in which the cisterns have been located, while he second part of the paper is centered on the results of the mineralogical and petrographic analyses carried out on the bagnarola 6. The results point to an indigenous manufacture linked to Punic tradition.

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Capuzzo, Giacomo, Elisabetta Boaretto, and Juan A. Barceló. "EUBAR: A Database of 14C Measurements for the European Bronze Age. A Bayesian Analysis of 14C-Dated Archaeological Contexts from Northern Italy and Southern France." Radiocarbon 56, no. 2 (2014): 851–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/56.17453.

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The chronological framework of European protohistory is mostly a relative chronology based on typology and stratigraphic data. Synchronization of different time periods suffers from a lack of absolute dates; therefore, disagreements between different chronological schemes are difficult to reconcile. An alternative approach was applied in this study to build a more precise and accurate absolute chronology. To the best of our knowledge, we have collected all the published 14C dates for the archaeological sites in the region from the Ebro River (Spain) to the Middle Danube Valley (Austria) for the period 1800–750 BC. The available archaeological information associated with the 14C dates was organized in a database that totaled more than 1600 14C dates. In order to build an accurate and precise chronology, quality selection rules have been applied to the 14C dates based on both archaeological context and analytical quality. Using the OxCal software and Bayesian analysis, several 14C time sequences were created following the archaeological data and different possible scenarios were tested in northern Italy and southern France.

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Alvarez-Sanchis, Jesús R. "Zoomorphic Iron Age Sculpture in Western Iberia: Symbols of Social and Cultural Identity?" Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 60, no. 1 (1994): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00003492.

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One of the most interesting archaeological features of western Iberian Protohistory is the stone animal sculptures, usually called ‘verracos’. The function and meaning of this kind of monument is discussed, taking into account the regional settlement pattern and changes during the early Roman period. The sculptures were used as an index of economic value (cattle) and by studying their spatial distribution in the Amblés Valley (Avila) it is proposed that they were used as landmarks delimiting critical resources (pasture) the explotation of which could have been organized by the elites of the 2nd Iron Age communities living in the Valley. The presence of first Roman settlers did not necessarily lead to a clear breakdown of pre-existing social symbols and cultural traditions. This is reflected through a continuity of sculpture production probably without changes to the spatial pattern. Thus, it is possible to conclude that sculpture production may reflect social, economic, and ideological ties between the old hierarchy and the new elites, expresed in terms of native identity.

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Rückemann, Claus-Peter. "The Coherent Multi-disciplinary Knowledge Case of Prehistorical Insight: Information Science at the Edge of Structured Data Comprehension." Information Theories and Applications 28, no. 1 (2021): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54521/ijita28-01-p01.

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Up to these days, we are experiencing an omnipresent lack of a general approach for cognitive addressing of knowledge structures. This article presents new results and component reference implementations based on frameworks of coherent conceptual knowledge. Coherent conceptual knowledge provides valuable instruments for multi-disciplinary contextualisation, e.g., for contexts in prehistory and protohistory. This research addresses scientific methodologies, valorisation and intelligent re-valorisation of any scientific insight, cognostic addressing of structures, also known as nucleal cognstructures. The resulting component reference implementations enable productive, fertile environments, and learning-improvement-cycles. Central goal of this research is a consistent coherent conceptual integration of knowledge. Prehistory and prehistoric archaeology and their contexts and contextualisation provide a plethora of instructive multi-disciplinary scientific scenarios of high complexity. Thus, component reference implementations for these scenarios are implementation blueprints for informational modeling, industrial learning, and improvement cycles. The results of this long-term research provide solutions based on practical information science, beneficial for prehistory, prehistoric archaeology, and their multi-disciplinary contexts as well as for providing approaches to general solutions.

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Conati Barbaro, Cecilia, Daniele Moscone, Marco Iamoni, Daniele Morandi Bonacossi, and Hasan A. Qasim. "The Prehistory and Protohistory of the northwestern region of Iraqi Kurdistan: Preliminary results from the first survey campaigns." Paléorient, no. 45-2 (December 1, 2019): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/paleorient.778.

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Fuertes, Carlos de Juan. "Tools and structures related to crop and processing of cereal in the protohistory at south of Iberian Peninsula." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla, no. 26 (2017): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2017i26.03.

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Fujii, Sumio. "Chronology of the Jafr Prehistory and Protohistory: a Key to the Process of Pastoral Nomadization in the Southern Levant." Syria, no. 90 (January 1, 2013): 49–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/syria.1723.

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Shaheen, Ifqut, and Rafiullah Khan. "In Pursuit of Pre-/Protohistory: Simone Corbiau’s Unsuccessful Archaeological Expedition to the North-West Frontier Province of British India." South Asian Studies 36, no. 2 (July 2, 2020): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02666030.2020.1820656.

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BELARTE, MARIA CARME, ERIC GAILLEDRAT, and JORDI PRINCIPAL. "THE FUNCTIONAL AND SYMBOLIC USES OF SPACE IN WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PROTOHISTORY: THE PECH MAHO EXAMPLE (SIGEAN, WESTERN LANGUEDOC, FRANCE)." Oxford Journal of Archaeology 30, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0092.2010.00359.x.

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Abadi-Reiss, Yael, Davida Eisenberg-Degen, Michal Birkenfeld, and Liora Kolska Horwitz. "Desert journeys: Papers on the prehistory and protohistory of the arid Southern Levant in Honour of Steven A. Rosen." Journal of Arid Environments 229 (August 2025): 105334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2025.105334.

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Ljuština, M., and J. Cvijetić. "NOTES ON ETHNICAL COMPONENTS IN FORMING ARCHEOLOGICAL PICTURE OF SOUTWESTERN SERBIA AND NORTHERN MONTENEGRO IN PROTOHISTORY AND EARLY ROMAN PERIOD." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 31, no. 2 (March 25, 2019): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.02.06.

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The paper is devoted to recognition of ethnical components and their importance in creation of archaeological picture of South-Western Serbia and Northern Montenegro in proto-history and Early Roman period. The chosen region was an integral part of the Illyrian world, but on the threshold of the Thracian at the end of later prehistory. As for the subsequent period of Roman domination, one of the most important tasks for the future exploration is at least partial enlightening the structure of the population the Romans found in this area at the turn of the Christ Era. Either the new era or the Christian era.

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Pérez, E., M. J. Merchán, S. Salamanca, and P. Merchán. "VIRTUAL REALITY TO ALLOW WHEELCHAIR USERS TOURING COMPLEX ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN A REALISTIC MANNER. TOWARDS THEIR ACTUAL SOCIAL INTEGRATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-597-2019.

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Abstract. Technology development really reaches its highest point when it becomes a tool to facilitate life to people, especially to those more disadvantaged groups. This is the case of people with disabilities, who find lots of barriers to cope with the most usual and simplest things in their day-to-day. This fact is even more significant when they happen to face heritage buildings or environments. For instance, blind people or people with reduced mobility too often come upon architectural barriers that stop them from enjoying sites and monuments. Focused on people that have to use wheelchairs, a VR experience have been developed in order to provide them with the most realistic sensations while virtually touring on their wheelchairs some archaeological sites. This paper presents the steps forder the users to have the same sensations as if they were wheeling on the floor while visiting the site: irregularities, slopes and narrowness. The VR application has been developed to traverse one of the most monumental buildings of the whole Spanish Protohistory, the site of Cancho Roano (Zalamea de la Serena, Spain). The procedure to generate its digital 3D model from real data acquired with a laser scanner is also dealt with in it.

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Di Lorenzo, Halinka, Reinhard Jung, Marco Pacciarelli, Bernhard Weninger, and Elda Russo Ermolli. "Human impact and landscape changes between 3000 and 1000 BC on the Tropea Promontory (Calabria, Italy)." Holocene 31, no. 6 (March 5, 2021): 926–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683621994648.

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Pollen data were collected from a one-meter peat succession recovered from the top of the Tropea Promontory (Calabria), a territory continuously inhabited throughout Prehistory and Protohistory. The peat was deposited in a small pond/marsh that was gradually filled up. Six 14C dates allowed the peat growth to be constrained to between ca. 3000 and 1000 calBC. Considerable landscape and land use changes occurred in the area in that time interval, due to both environmental changes and intensive human activities. An open landscape with scattered oak woods characterized the high plain, whereas on the wet soils surrounding the marsh, wet woodlands ( Alnus), and hygrophilous vegetation (Cyperaceae) developed, their relative abundance being used to mark the local environmental evolution. The occurrence of different anthropogenic indicators reveals that the area was exploited for agricultural practices (cereal cultivation) and livestock grazing, the latter being the main activity practiced around the marsh between the Eneolithic (stable settlements) and the Early-Middle Bronze Age (seasonal presence). The possibility of climatic influence on the peat evolution was studied by comparisons with well-dated isotope records. The marsh contraction phase roughly coincides with the 4.2 ka calBP event, while the end of peat accumulation postdates the 3.0 ka calBP rapid climate change event.

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Olaru, Ioana-Iulia. "The Evolution of Habitat in Middle Hallstatt on The Territory of Romania." Review of Artistic Education 18, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rae-2019-0023.

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Abstract The paper will refer only to one of period of Hallstatt, Middle Hallstatt, an important period of the first Iron Age – that form with Late Hallstatt a unity called by historian the protohistory of the Dacians – bringing important transformations recorded in the human beings’ habitat. The settlements and buildings of the entire Bronze Age reflect the continuation of migrations, though limited, by their sedentarization, but also the fortification of some settlements which became real centres of unions of tribes. The characteristic to the mentioned period is continuity (and then the ending) of the process of unification of the Thracian tribes, a process began in Early Hallstatt. The collision of tribes needed the amplification of settlements, but also of the fortifications and also, step by step, the extending of the Greek urbanism implemented in today’s Dobrogea by the Greeks who started colonies here, the Scythian-Greek incluences are to be found in the Late Hallstatt and in other areas on the nowadays territory of our country. The specificity of settlements and buildings of the cultures from the beginning of Hallstatt on the territory of our country will be studied in their evolution towards the next phase – of the second period of the Iron Age: Latène.

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Lauria, Gabriele, and Luca Sineo. "Prehistory and Protohistory in Sicily. A Geometric Morphometrics Approach to Study the Biological History of Early Human Peopling of the Island." Anthropological Review 88, no. 2 (May 30, 2025): 27–43. https://doi.org/10.18778/1898-6773.88.2.03.

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In recent years, the debate about the early human peopling of Sicily has almost exclusively focused on the archaeological evidence. The dispersal patterns and the possibility for, and degree of, admixture caused by ancient migratory flows have been only investigated in limited anthropological studies conducted on a short time spans. Recent craniofacial morphometric analyses that considered migratory flows and population influx have provided a more comprehensive approach. These analyses go beyond archaeologically based settlement hypotheses by merging previous archaeological evaluations and paleoclimatic studies with an anthropological approach. This study expands upon earlier morphometric work and provides an overview covering the period from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Iron Age. For this study, human skulls from Sicilian Prehistory and Protohistory were considered. These skulls were divided into six periods based on the dating of associated archaeological artifacts. Sample selection was based on a detailed bibliographic review of previously published archaeological and historical works. With the aim of associating the diachronic changes in cranial morphology with population migrations and admixture we performed a 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) comparative analysis. The data reported demonstrate that the first colonization of Sicily started during the Upper–Paleolithic when stable climatic conditions allowed hunter-gatherers to move from the Italian Peninsula to the island. Moreover, the results show a cyclical occupation of the land counterclockwise direction completed only with the hinterland colonization in the first historical periods with Greek and Punic colonization.

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Ciarla, Roberto, Fiorella Rispoli, and Pakpadee Yukongdi. "SHELL PERSONAL ORNAMENTS CRAFT AT THE SITE OF THA KAE, LOPBURI PROVINCE, CENTRAL THAILAND. TRACING THE SOUTHWARD DISPERSAL OF THE DRILLING TECHNIQUE." Journal of Indo-Pacific Archaeology 41 (July 10, 2017): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/jipa.v41i0.15011.

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The collection of mollusk remains excavated at Tha Kae has been recently re-analyzed and identified as to genera or family level. Out of 5 main fresh/salt-water mollusk families, only Conus and Tridacna were used to make personal ornaments and, for Tridacna, small adzes, during the local Bronze Age (BA) (c. 1100-500 BCE).The study of 100 kg of production debris and of whole/fragmentary ornaments demonstrated the manufacturing cycle consisted of two main steps: 1) Procurement of the raw material; 2) Transformation in a sequence of six stages of the raw material into the base material for luxuries that arguably entered inter-regional exchange circuits. The manufacturing cycle, possibly part of a system organized at the community level, implied procurement expeditions and skilled craftspeople able to organize and use the relevant tool kit, whose origin can be traced back to the lower Yangtze valley (late fourth millennium BC). The shell-craft cycle also sheds light on the cognitive processes of the craftsmen, who had to make a choice in order to maximize the output of their work.The study provides newly organized data of direct archaeological interest to the field of Southeast Asian pre-protohistory, as well as to those of social and cultural anthropology, cognitive science, marine palaeobiology and to palaeogeography.

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