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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Protohistory"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junio de 2021

Última modificación: 9 de junio de 2025

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Protohistory"

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Török, Béla. "The Story of the International Scientific Commission of the UISPP for Archaeometry of Pre- and Protohistoric Inorganic Artifacts, Materials and Technologies." Interdisciplinaria Archaeologica Natural Sciences in Archaeology XIII, no. 2 (November 2, 2022): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24916/iansa.2022.2.7.

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The International Union of Prehistoric and Protohistoric Sciences (UISPP), an organisation with over 90 years of history, includes all the fields and disciplines that contribute to the development of prehistory and protohistory. To achieve their goals, the UISPP organises periodically a world congress on prehistoric and protohistoric sciences. Based on proposals received, the general assembly decides on the creation of scientific commissions, following the advice of the executive committee of the UISPP. The main objective of these commissions is to promote and coordinate international research in a specific or specialised domain of the prehistoric and protohistoric sciences between each world congress. Based on the success and interest shown in a session of the 17th UISPP Congress, the need has arisen to create a new scientific commission in the field of archaeometry. This brief text describes the creation of this commission and its scientific activities to date. The commission aims at discussing and transmitting the archaeometric approaches to technologies in Prehistory and Protohistory concerning lithic technology, metallurgy, ceramics and glass making; gathering and organising the results, conclusions and circumstances of archaeometric case studies of artifacts; paying particular attention to production, procurement and characterisation of raw materials, and fabrication technologies; and discussing relevant interdisciplinary investigation methods and techniques.

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Arturo, García-López, Dorado Alejos Alberto, and Moratalla Jávega Jesús. "Explotación de la piedra en la protohistoria ibérica: análisis FTIR en la sierra de Alcaraz (Albacete, España)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 51 (June 23, 2023): 119–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060716.

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Se presentan nuevos datos sobre la explotación de la piedra con fines constructivos en la protohistoria del sudeste de la península ibérica, concretamente del yacimiento de Los Cucos (Bogarra, Albacete) y una posible cantera de aprovisionamiento. Este estudio pretende conectar los inéditos datos arquitectónicos con la aplicación del análisis mediante infrarrojos por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). ENGLISH: <em> Stone Exploitation in Iberian Protohistory: FTIR Analysis from the Sierra de Alcaraz, Albacete, Spain</em>. We present new data on the exploitation of stone for construction purposes in the protohistory of the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula, specifically from the site of Los Cucos (Bogarra, Albacete) and a possible supply quarry. This study aims to connect the unpublished architectural data with the application of Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR).

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McLeester, Madeleine. "Storage, seasonality, and women’s labor in northern Illinois: Using archaeological pollen analysis to investigate protohistory." North American Archaeologist 39, no. 4 (October 2018): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197693118806068.

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This article introduces new data to explorations of protohistoric lifeways and expands understandings of storage, seasonal practices, and women’s labor. Pollen analysis was conducted on sediment samples from the 1979 excavation of the late precontact Oak Forest site (11CK53) in Cook County, IL, near Chicago. The data demonstrate the springtime collection of firewood and the use of grass to line storage features. These data also capture protohistoric women’s labor, since, according to historical records, women prepared storage pits and collected firewood. Tacking between protohistory and history, findings demonstrate probable continuity in seasonal practices that requires a rethinking and refining of how we categorize change during the transition to the colonial era. Overall, this work reintroduces the effectiveness of pollen analysis to address long-standing questions in Midwestern archaeology.

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González Santana, Mónica. "LA REPRESENTACIÓN DEL PODER EN LAS COMUNIDADES PROTOHISTÓRICAS DEL NOROESTE PENINSULAR. EXCELENCIA MASCULINA Y COTIDIANIDAD FEMENINA." RAUDEM. Revista de Estudios de las Mujeres 1 (May 22, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/raudem.v1i0.565.

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Resumen: Dentro de las estrategias de acceso al poder de las élites masculinas, la articulación y dominio de los espacios de representación servirían de garantía tanto a la legitimación como a la consolidación de las desigualdades sociales. Una garantía que se apoyaba en el control de las armas, los rituales y la autoridad. En ese sentido, el estudio, como parte del lenguaje simbólico del poder, de los espacios y materiales rescatados nos ayuda a entender cómo se construyeron las diferencias de género y con ellas las desigualdades entre hombres y mujeres.Palabras clave: protohistoria, arqueología, espacios, género, poder, patriarcado, excelencia y cotidianidad.English Title: The Representation of Power in the Northwest Peninsular Protohistoric Communities. Masculine Excellence and Feminine CotidianityAbstract: In the power strategies of masculine elites, the articulation and domination of representational spaces would serve to guarantee their legitimacy, but they would also consolidate social inequalities. Masculine power, shored up by development of defensive weaponry, was organised through control of weapons, rules and rituals. This study of spaces and materials will assist in understanding how such societies, through this symbolic language of power, constructed gender differences and thereby created inequalities between men and women.Key words: protohistory, archaeology, spaces, gender, poser, patriarchy, excellence andcotidianity.

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Perkins, Stephen M., and Timothy G. Baugh. "Protohistory and the Wichita." Plains Anthropologist 53, no. 208 (November 2008): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/pan.2008.028.

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Bhan, Suraj. "North Indian Protohistory and Vedic Aryans." Ancient Asia 1 (December 1, 2006): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/aa.06115.

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Pascual, Izquierdo-Egea. "Mailhac y las fluctuaciones económicas de la protohistoria ibérica arcaica (550-450 a. C.)." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 11 (October 31, 2011): 3–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1310131.

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El análisis de la necrópolis Grand Bassin II de Mailhac (Aude, Francia), mediante el método de valoración contextual de sus ajuares, ha mejorado nuestro conocimiento científico sobre las fluctuaciones económicas de la protohistoria ibérica arcaica, arrojando abundante luz no solo sobre esta cuestión sino también acerca de los acontecimientos del Mediterráneo occidental a lo largo de un período escasamente conocido. En síntesis, el registro funerario de Mailhac evidencia una espectacular bonanza durante el tercer cuarto del siglo VI antes de nuestra era; por el contrario, el último cuarto de dicha centuria muestra un acusado descenso de la acumulación económica, coincidente con el ocaso del comercio griego con las comunidades galas a través del Ródano; mientras que el primer cuarto del siglo V indica una nueva prosperidad más acentuada que la anterior, en conexión directa con la etapa expansiva del iberismo levantino. ENGLISH: Mailhac and the economic fluctuations of early Iberian protohistory, 550-450 BC. The analysis of the Grand Bassin II cemetery at Mailhac (Aude, France), using the contextual appraisal method for grave goods, has improved our scientific understanding of economic fluctuations in early Iberian protohistory, throwing much light not only on this issue but also on the events of the western Mediterranean during a little known period. In short, the funerary record shows a dramatic boom at Mailhac during the third quarter of the 6th century BC; on the other hand, the last quarter of this century shows a sharp decline in economic accumulation, coinciding with the fall of Greek trade with the Gaul communities across the Rhône while the first quarter of the 5th century indicates a new prosperity more marked than the previous one, in direct connection with the upswing of the Levantine Iberians.

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Pascual, Izquierdo-Egea. "Pozo Moro y los cambios socio-económicos de la protohistoria ibérica durante los siglos V y IV antes de nuestra era." Arqueologia Iberoamericana 2 (June 19, 2009): 5–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1306831.

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Años atrás desarrollamos y propusimos una nueva metodología para medir estadísticamente el gasto funerario y establecer su relación con las fluctuaciones económicas de la civilización ibérica, obteniendo resultados sumamente significativos. Ahora, sin perder de vista esa columna vertebral como referente obligado, la necrópolis de Pozo Moro aporta novedades esclarecedoras sobre el pasado protohistórico de estos pueblos prerromanos durante los siglos V y IV antes de nuestra era. ENGLISH: Pozo Moro and the socio-economic changes of Iberian protohistory during the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Years ago we developed and proposed a new methodology for measuring statistically the funeral expense and establish its relationship with the economic fluctuations of Iberian civilization, getting highly significant results. Now, without losing sight the spine as a point of reference, the Pozo Moro cemetery provides enlightening updates on the protohistoric past of these pre-Roman peoples during the V and IV centuries BC.

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Guidi, Alessandro. "150 Years of Prehistory and Protohistory in Italy." Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 22, no. 1 (July 26, 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/bha.22117.

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McCall, Daniel F. "Herodotus on the Garamantes: A Problem in Protohistory." History in Africa 26 (January 1999): 197–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172141.

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The Garamantes first come to our notice with Herodotus' Survey of Libya. Hekataeus of Miletus traveled along the Libyan coast over half a century before Herodotus, but his work is preserved only in fragments. Hekataeus may have mentioned the Garamantes, but if so, that part of his work has not survived. The Histories of Herodotus (iv.174) lists the “Garamantes” among the peoples of eastern Libya, giving to each a brief description; and iv.183 refers to them in another list, this one a sequence of stopping places on a desert trail which includes “the country of the Garamantes.”The earlier paragraph had fewer than half a dozen lines and the later one fewer than two dozen; not very much in total, but as Vansina has recently affirmed, the medievalist's axiom also applies to Africa: “the fewer the sources… the more they are treasured and scrutinized.”The intent of this paper is to attempt to determine how the two references, four paragraphs apart, are related to each other; and thereby to prepare the way to extract as much as we can learn from these two references about the Garamantes in the time of Herodotus, the fifth century BC.

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Más fuentes

Tesis sobre el tema "Protohistory"

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DeWitt, Lowery Daniel. "Towards a poetics of protohistory : Genesis 4.17_22 in its Ancient cognitive environment." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.528066.

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Chevalier, Solène. "La mer vue de la terre : la côte tyrrhénienne orientale (1600-500 av.n.è.)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP054.

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La côte tyrrhénienne orientale occupe une place centrale dans les dynamiques d’échanges méditerranéennes. Entre 1600 et 500 av. n. è. environ, elle est occupée par des communautés solidement structurées culturellement, parmi lesquelles les Étrusques, les populations latines, les Grecs d’Occident et les communautés italiques. L’adoption d’une chronologie étendue, qui court sur plus d’un millénaire, vise à mettre en lumière les phénomènes de continuité et de ruptures dans les réseaux de communication et dans les processus d’implantation en milieu littoral. En effet, cette étude entend détailler les processus à l’œuvre dans la construction de l’espace côtier tyrrhénien, en s’attachant aux notions de choix, d’attrait, de rejet ou d’indifférence qui ont joué dans les dynamiques d’implantation sur le littoral. En établissant des schémas de référence et en étudiant la matérialité des implantations côtières, cette analyse propose donc une synthèse inédite sur les processus qui ont amené à l’occupation du littoral dès l’âge du Bronze moyen, à la mise en valeur des ressources naturelles côtières et à la création de réseaux de communication complexes, maritimes, terrestres et fluviaux. Cette étude est motivée par le fait que le littoral tyrrhénien oriental, constamment évoqué dans les travaux antérieurs, n’a jamais été étudié pour ce qu’il représente, c’est-à-dire un espace d’interface entre le domaine marin et l’espace terrestre. L’exemple le plus frappant est celui des ports préromains, qui forment les points nodaux où les réseaux maritimes entrent en contact avec les structures territoriales terrestres, et qui n’ont fait l’objet que de rares études. Ce désintérêt pour les conditions concrètes des échanges maritimes amène une véritable méconnaissance de ces points de relâche, pourtant au cœur des trafics tyrrhéniens archaïques. En appréhendant la construction de l’espace littoral tyrrhénien par le biais des réseaux qui structurent les systèmes côtiers péninsulaires et insulaires, plusieurs caractéristiques émergent, parmi lesquelles la difficulté rencontrée dans les études passées pour corréler une vision maritime et une vision terrestre des interactions. Il ressort de cette nouvelle analyse que le littoral est essentiellement tourné vers la terre, situé au cœur des relations entre des systèmes locaux et régionaux. L’arrière-plan de l’étude du littoral tyrrhénien oriental est donc prioritairement terrien et non maritime, puisque les activités côtières émanent de systèmes terrestres et que les espaces portuaires forment les débouchés maritimes de tout un arrière-pays. En se situant dans la lignée des travaux réalisés ces quarante dernières années, qui ont permis à une véritable archéologie du paysage de se développer, cette thèse adopte donc un prisme nouveau qui, sans contredire les assertions passées, modifie l’appréhension traditionnelle du littoral<br>The Eastern Tyrrhenian coast held a central position in Mediterranean trade dynamics. Between circa 1600 and 500 BC, this territory was inhabited by culturally well-defined communities, namely the Etruscans, Latin and Italic populations, and Western Greeks. In adopting a broad chronological framework covering over a millennium, this thesis aims to shed light on continuity and interruption phenomena within communication networks as well as in coastal settlement processes. These latter mechanisms are indeed perceptible through notions of appeal, rejection and indifference that weighed in occupation choices of the Tyrrhenian littoral. By establishing reference templates and studying the materiality of coastal dwellings, this analysis offers an innovative synthesis of regional settlement dynamics as early as the Middle Bronze Age, with a particular emphasis on the exploitation of natural resources and the emergence of complex maritime, land and fluvial networks. Though the Eastern Tyrrhenian coast has been repeatedly mentioned in previous publications all lack a core feature regarding its coastlines and its characteristics as an interface between sea and land. Pre-Roman ports constitute a striking example; even though they are considered as crucial meeting points of maritime and land-based networks, they are barely known and studied. Past research has thus had a hard time associating maritime and land-based communication networks and has overlooked the actual parameters of maritime exchanges, leading to a poor understanding of harbors and port activities, however central they are to Archaic Tyrrhenian trades. By addressing the construction of Tyrrhenian coastal territories through the prism of networks, several insular and peninsular systems appear. Recent analysis reveals that coastal territories turn their focus towards inland networks, meaning that seaside activities emanate essentially from local and regional systems. The backdrop to Eastern Tyrrhenian coastal studies is therefore land-based above all and not maritime. This thesis positions itself within the continuity of the past forty years of research that has helped to develop a landscape archaeology framework while adopting a new prism and revising the traditional approach to the littoral without challenging past assertions

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Jelinek, Lauren Elizabeth. "The Protohistoric Period in the Pimería Alta." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222842.

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The Protohistoric period in the Pimería Alta marks the transition from prehistory to history, when the social identities among and between historically documented ethnic groups were shaped and negotiated. This period was characterized by social upheaval and demographic change, marked by the transformation of large archaeological complexes after A.D. 1450, the reorganization of the Southwest demographic landscape during the sixteenth century, and the slow yet inexorable encroachment of Spanish colonialism during the seventeenth century. While the Protohistoric period is central to our understanding of culture change and the negotiation of social identity, this period is not well understood from an anthropological perspective, which obscures our understanding of the relationships among and between archaeological cultures and historically documented ethnic groups. Following a reanalysis of archaeological data, written accounts, oral histories, and ethnographic observations, three models of protohistoric demographic change were evaluated within an ethnohistorical framework. Existing data suggest that historically documented ethnic groups have antecedents in multiple archaeological traditions, rather than a single group. Furthermore, inconsistencies in extant archaeological typologies were identified, resulting in a reevaluation of the validity of the use of these typologies as markers of cultural affiliation. An attribute analysis of these typologies reveals that they are not well defined and cannot be reliably associated with a single ethnic group. This analysis demonstrates that there is rarely a one-to-one correlation between an artifact type and an ethnic identity; rather, it is necessary to examine the practices and behaviors that produce materiality and shape residential spaces to understand the suite of practices that construct and/or express ethnic identity.

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Oliach, Fàbregas Meritxell. "L'aigua i la protohistòria des de l'Ebre fins a l'Hérault. Sistemes d'abastiment i evacuació (segles XI-II ane)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/111093.

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L’estudi té per objectiu ampliar el coneixement sobre les diferents solucions que la humanitat ha enginyat per gestionar l’aigua, amb l’examen i estudi de les principals obres hidràuliques dutes a terme al llarg de la protohistòria als diferents territoris del nord-est peninsular, Catalunya i Aragó, i terres litorals de la Gàl•lia meridional fins a l’Hérault. El treball es centra en l’estudi detallat -a nivell morfològic, espacial i funcional- de les estructures d’abastiment, de distribució i d’evacuació de les aigües, i en situar els diferents elements i estructures dins del sistema de funcionament global dels poblats, per tal de poder avaluar la significació social i utilitària de les obres destinades a la gestió de l’aigua i poder-ne seguir el seu procés de desenvolupament en els diferents territoris al llarg del pas d’aquests primers temps.<br>The objective of this study is to expand our knowledge of the different water management solutions devised by humankind. We examine and study the main water-related structures built throughout prehistory in the different territories of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Catalonia and Aragon, and the coastal lands of southern Gallia as far as Hérault. The paper is based on a detailed morphological, spatial and functional study of water supply, distribution and drainage structures. It situates the various elements and structures within the global operating system of the villages, with the aim of evaluating the social and utilitarian significance of the water management constructions and following their developmental process in the different territories during this earliest period of history.

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5

Lespes, Carole. "Pratiques alimentaires et agropastorales à la fin de l’Age du Bronze et aux débuts de l’Age du Fer en Languedoc : du littoral aux premiers contreforts méridionaux du Massif Central." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MON30042.

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Les données archéozoologiques sont lacunaires en Languedoc à la fin de l’âge du Bronze final et aux débuts de l’âge du Fer (IX-Vème s. av. n. è.). C’est pourquoi cette étude a été menée pour apporter de nouvelles perspectives sur l’alimentation durant cette période mal documentée. L’étude concerne les restes fauniques provenant de sites d’habitat de la région languedocienne situés sur le littoral méditerranéen et dans l’arrière-pays du piémont méridional du Massif Central. L’analyse archéozoologique doublée de l’analyse des micro-usures dentaires des ruminants ont permis de mieux comprendre les pratiques alimentaires de ces sociétés rurales confrontées au phénomène proto-urbain. La ressource carnée repose essentiellement sur l’élevage, notamment des caprinés, et des stratégies de gestion des troupeaux particulières se dessinent. L’activité cynégétique est pratiquée mais dans un contexte plus opportuniste que par nécessité. Ni l’implantation des sites sur le littoral ou dans les paysages montagneux, ni la diachronie des occupations n’influent sur les pratiques alimentaires. Il semble que chaque site possède ses caractéristiques propres, avec des choix plutôt liés à des composantes locales mêlant culture, opportunité, goût, statut des populations, etc.Mots clés : Archéozoologie, Protohistoire, Micro-usures dentaires, Languedoc<br>Archaeozoological data are incomplete in Languedoc at the end of the Final Bronze Age and the beginning of the Iron Age (IX-Vth c. BC). Therefore, this study was conducted to provide new perspectives on diet during this poorly documented period. The study concerns faunal remains from habitat sites in the Languedoc region located on the Mediterranean coast and in the hinterland of the southern foothills of the Massif Central. Archaeozoological analysis coupled with the analysis of dental micro-wear of ruminants has led to a better understanding of the feeding practices of these rural societies confronted with the proto-urban phenomenon. The meat resource is essentially based on animal husbandry, particularly of goats, and management strategies for specific herds are emerging. Hunting is practiced but in a more opportunistic context than out of necessity. Neither the location of sites on the coast or in mountainous landscapes, nor the diachronicity of occupations influence feeding practices. It seems that each site has its own characteristics, with choices linked more to local components mixing culture, opportunity, taste preferences, status of the populations, etc.Keywords: Archaeozoology, Protohistory, Dental microwear, Languedoc

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González, Moratinos Sara. "Antropología del parentesco en Babilonia. Estudio de los grupos consanguíneos y residenciales en el periodo paleobabilónico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458763.

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El objeto de este trabajo es la familia. Dado que la palabra “familia” abarca una gran cantidad de tipologías, hemos de decir que la familia que estudiaremos es la que compone el primer nivel de la tipología familiar, es decir, la consanguínea y corresidente. El resto de niveles familiares (grupos consanguíneos, grupo de parentesco de compromiso o clan, y tribu o comunidad) no serán tratados en este trabajo, a pesar de presentar un amplio e interesante campo de estudio. En el parentesco influyen dos principios: el matrimonio y la filiación. Ambos aspectos son harto conocidos, pero hemos realizado una aproximación desde la antropología del parentesco con el fin de determinar interesantes aspectos relacionados con la vinculación familiar. Esta vinculación familiar en textos legales, económicos y administrativos ha mostrado un grado alto de cooperación familiar entre los parientes primarios, menor entre los parientes secundarios y más escaso entre los parientes terciarios. Este tipo de documentación ha mostrado en gran medida las relaciones entre miembros varones, mientras que los textos literarios han dado otra luz a la vinculación entre sus miembros, si bien muchas relaciones son ambivalentes, pareciendo transmitir toda la complejidad de las relaciones humanas. La tipologia familiar en la Mesopotamia del periodo paleobabilónico muestra que las familias que encontraremos fuertemente representadas serán las nucleares, las fraternas y las troncales. Todas ellas en realidad se generan de un modo orgánico, como parte del ciclo natural de desarrollo de la propia dinámica familiar, por lo que estas tres tipologías se alternarán con mucha frecuencia. En cuanto a la familia polígama, aunque aparece también, se encuentra en menor medida que las tipologías citadas anteriormente. Por su parte las familias matrifocales también se encuentran, pero su situación desde el punto de vista social es difícil de determinar. En cuanto a la familia extensa, está totalmente ausente de la vida en las urbes babilónicas, al menos durante el periodo paleobabilónico. En su lugar podemos hablar de familia extensa modificada, para referirnos a una continuidad del parentesco trazado por los grupos consanguíneos. En cuanto a la familia extensa en el entorno rural, a pesar de la poca información que disponemos, podemos suponer que en las zonas agrícolas era la forma predominante de organización familiar, ya que los modelos de subsistencia, el tipo de economía y la propiedad familiar hacen que este tipo de familia sea idóneo. Las pautas de residencia son patrilocales en su mayoría. Ocasionalmente se han encontrado pautas uxori-patrilocales, neolocales y uxorilocales, que se relacionan con la formación del matrimonio y la situación económica y social del novio, así como de la familia de la novia. A nivel arqueológico las casas que se han conservado albergan las tipologías familiares más frecuentes (nucleares, fraternas y troncales), así como podemos suponer otras tipologías no corroboradas a nivel arquitectónico como las familias polígamas o las familas matrifocales. Uno de los objetivos más interesantes de este trabajo sea, probablemente, la terminología de parentesco. Los términos elementales de parentesco parecen haber desarrollado una doble terminología, una generacional o hawaiana, de uso apelativo, ya desarrollada en lengua sumeria, y una terminología sudanesa o de bifurcación colateral, de uso referencial, que se desarrollará con la llegada de la lengua acadia. Los términos atestados además están equilibrados entre el lado materno y paterno en los parientes primarios, pero a medida que nos alejamos del ego se produce un desequilibrio evidente atestándose más términos procedentes del lado paterno.<br>In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relations based on affinity (through marriage) and descendant (through filiation). These main principles create a pyramidal structure of kinship. The subject of this PhD. is the study of the first group, the consanguineal and residencital group, in the Old Babylonian Period in the cities of the kingdom of Ešnunna (Ešnunna, Šaduppum, Nerebtum/Kiti and Me-Turan), the Northern Babylonia (Babylon, Kiš, the Mananaia dynasty, Dilbat, Lagaba, Sippar-Amnanum, Sippar-Yahrurum and Marad), the center (Nippur, Isin, Kisurra and Maškan-Šapir) and the South (Ur, Uruk, Larsa, Lagas and Kutalla). The study of this group is based on the analysis of the marriage, the descendent rules (in this case patrilineal groups), the residencial pautes (mainly patrilocal), the family types (nuclear or conjugal family, polygynous family, fraternal family, stem family, extended family and matrifocal family), and the kinship terminology (which shows two kinship terminology, one Sudanese kinship terminology for reference use, and other Hawaiian kinship terminology for the appealing use). We have studied this subject through legal texts (law codes, scholastic documents and private legal documents), economic (the family is attested by the usual transactions such exchanges, sales, contracts for sustenance, debts, etc.), administrative (the family occasionally appears in administrative lists, like rations lists or deportations lists), and literary texts (mythological compositions, hymns, prayers, wisdom literature, etc.). On the other hand we have examined some of the archaeological remains to know the residential patterns as far as possible.

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Meunier, Emmanuelle. "Évolutions dans l'exploitation minière entre le second âge du Fer et le début de la période romaine dans le Sud-Ouest de la Gaule : le cas du district pyrénéen à cuivre argentifère du Massif de l'Arize." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20071.

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L’archéologie minière, dans un dialogue interdisciplinaire constant avec les sciences de la Terre et de l’Environnement, vise à caractériser les différents aspects des exploitations minières en les replaçant dans leur contexte chronologique. Cette thèse, centrée sur l’étude du district pyrénéen à cuivre argentifère du Massif de l’Arize, cherche à éclairer les contextes environnementaux, techniques et socio-économiques de son exploitation par le prisme de l’archéologie minière, associée à des démarches pédo-anthracologique et géologique qui sont restées au stade exploratoire mais ouvrent sur des perspectives variées.Le travail de terrain effectué dans le cadre de ces recherches a conduit à identifier trois phases d’activité anciennes sur le district de l’Arize. La première, entre les IVe et IIIe s. av. n. è., apporte des données inédites sur une période largement méconnue dans la région. La seconde, entre la fin du IIe s. av. n. è. et la période augustéenne, permet de réfléchir aux modalités et aux rythmes de l’intégration de ce district dans la province de Transalpine. La troisième, au XIVe siècle, relève d’un contexte historique totalement différent et conduit à s’interroger sur les raisons de l’interruption de l’exploitation après la période augustéenne. La prise en compte des autres mines connues et étudiées dans le Sud-Ouest de la Gaule permet d’identifier les spécificités ou les points communs entre le district de l’Arize et les sites d’exploitation régionaux, du second âge du Fer au Haut-Empire. Des comparaisons avec d’autres districts bien caractérisés dans le reste de la Gaule ou la péninsule Ibérique contribuent à déterminer quelles dynamiques locales, régionales ou encore européennes sont à l’œuvre dans l’évolution des exploitations minières du Sud-Ouest de la Gaule dans l’Antiquité<br>Mining archaeology, in a continual dialogue with Earth and Environment Sciences, aims to define the different aspects of mining exploitations, replacing them within their chronological context. This work, focussed on the study of the Pyrenean district for argentiferous copper of the Arize Mountains, attempts to shed light on the environmental, technical and socio-economical contexts of this activity, through the prism of mining archaeology, associated with pedo-anthracological and geological approaches. These approaches remained on an exploratory level but open on very diverse prospects.The field work carried out as part of these investigations led to indentify three stages of ancient activity in the Arize district. The first one, between the 4th and 3rd century BC, brings new data about a widely unknown period in the region. The second one, between the end of the 2nd century BC and the reign of Augustus, allows thinking about the modalities and rhythms of the integration of this district in the Transalpine Gaul. The third one, in the 14th century, comes under a completely different historical context and leads to question the reasons of the interruption of mining after the reign of Augustus. Taking into account the other mines known and studied in the south-West of Gaul allows us to identify the special features or the similarities between the Arize district and regional mines, from the second Iron Age to the High Roman Empire. Some comparisons with other districts well characterised in Gaul or Iberian Peninsula contribute to determine the local, regional or European dynamics acting in the evolution of mining activity in the South-West of Gaul during Antiquity

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Pagnoux, Clemence. "Émergence, développement et diversification de l'arboriculture en Grèce du Néolithique à l'époque romaine : confrontation des données archéobotaniques, morphométriques, épigraphiques et littéraires." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H054/document.

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L'histoire de l'arboriculture en Grèce est encore mal connue et seuls la vigne et l'olivier ont bénéficié d'un intérêt de longue date. L'objectif de ce travail est de comprendre les processus de mise en culture des arbres fruitiers en Grèce entre le Néolithique et l'époque romaine. Pour ce faire, le matériel carpologique (restes de graines et de fruits) publié de 56 sites a été pris en compte dans une synthèse. Les mentions de fruits et de fruitiers ont été inventoriées dans les documents épigraphiques en grec mycénien et classique, ainsi que dans les textes d'auteurs antiques. Une étude de morphométrie géométrique a été réalisée sur les pépins de vigne et les noyaux d'olive archéologiques. La confrontation de ces sources révèle une évolution du cortège des fruitiers utilisés : vigne, olivier et figuier dominent à toutes les périodes, l'importance de certains fruits sauvages décroît après l'âge du Bronze et nouveaux fruits sont alors introduits. Les premières vignes domestiques apparaissent à l'âge du Bronze, tandis qu'une même forme sélectionnée d'olivier est présente du Bronze ancien à l'époque romaine. Les premières formes d'arboriculture (haies, lisières et parcelles en partie défrichées) sont complétées, au Bronze récent, par des plantations de fruitiers. De grands vignobles apparaissent à l'époque classique, et l'époque romaine voit se développer une agriculture plus spécialisée où le souci du rendement se fait jour dans les traités d'agriculture comme dans la recherche de nouvelles variétés de vigne et d'olivier. Enfin, le recours à des formes peu sélectionnées ainsi que l'intégration de fruitiers sauvages aux cultures se maintiennent jusqu'à la période romaine<br>Little is known concerning the history of arboriculture in Greece; only the grapevine and the olive tree have been a subject of interest for a long time. The aim of this work is to understand how fruit trees were cultivated in Greece between the Neolithic and the Roman period. This is why published archaeobotanical data (seeds and fruits) from 56 sites were taken into account in our synthesis. A survey of all references to fruits and fruit trees in epigraphic documents (Mycenaean and classic Greek) and in ancient authors has also been achieved. Archaeological pips and stones were submitted to Geometric Morphometry. Our approach reveals how fruit trees were used from the Neolithic up to the Roman period; while the grapevine, the olive tree and the fig tree predominate ail the time, it is clear that the importance of certain wild fruits decreases after the Bronze Age as new others are introduced. The first domesticated grapevines appear during the Bronze Age while a single selected variety of olive tree is present from the early Bronze Age to the Roman period. The first manifestations of arboriculture concern woodland edges and partially cleared land plots, real fruit tree plantations appear during the late Bronze Age, at the latest. Extensive vineyards appear during the Classical period, while a more specialized agriculture aiming at maximum profit characterizes the Roman period, as testified by the works on agronomy and the search for new varieties of olives and grapevines. Despite the search for higher yields, the use of less selected domesticates and wild fruits remains a reality until the roman period

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Marchiaro, Stefano. "Il grande abitato di Fossano (Provincia di Cuneo, Piemonte) e la transizione Bronzo/Ferro nell’Italia nord-occidentale." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4034.

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Pendant les dernières trente années le centre historique de la ville Fossano (Coni, Piémont) a été intéressé par nombreuses fouilles et plusieurs sondages archéologiques à la suite des fréquents travaux de construction. Ces interventions, liées au développement de la ville, ont toujours eu un caractère d'urgence, de sauvetage, préventif, sans être jamais liées à une programmation précédente. L'étude de chaque site a imposé du début l’analyse approfondie des modalités d'intervention et de la méthodologie de fouille. Dans la plupart des cas, l'analyse stratigraphique a été liée à celle du mobilier archéologique, qui, en absence de structures protohistoriques ou de niveaux anthropiques en place, est le seul élément qui nous a permis de dater la première période d’occupation du site. Est possible dater au XIe siècle av. J.-C. (Ha B1 ancien du plateau suisse) le début d’une présence humaine permanente sur toute la surface sommitale du plateau de Fossano, avec son apogée pendant la transition Bronze/Fer italien. Le groupe céramique de Fossano se place dans un contexte culturel propre de la fin du l'âge du Bronze final du nord-ouest de l'Italie, intermédiaire entre la culture du Protogolasecca de la Lombardie et du Piémont orientale et la culture RSFO. Dans ces territoires au l'extrême nord-ouest de l’Italie les influences RSFO sont très profondes, surtout de la Suisse occidentale et des régions de l’est de la France. Les caractéristiques spécifiques du Piémont occidentale le rendant plus apparenté aux complexes nord alpins qu'à ceux de l'Italie péninsulaire, jouant un rôle fondamental dans le tableau des relations entre les deux versants alpins pendant toute la préhistoire<br>During the last thirty years the historic center of Fossano (Cuneo, Piedmont, Italy) has undergone numerous archaeological excavations and survey as a result of many construction works related to the development of the city. These operations have never been programmed, but always related to emergency situations or preventive archaeology. The study of each site imposed an early-depth analysis of the applied methods of intervention and excavation. In most cases, the stratigraphic analysis is linked to the archaeological material, which, in the absence of proper prehistorical levels or structures, is the only element that has allowed us to date the early moments of occupation of the site. The beginning of a permanent human presence on the Fossano plateau is Probably dated to the end of the 11th century BC (Ha B1 in the Swiss plateau), with its peak during the transition between the Italian Bronze age and Iron age. The ceramic group of Fossano is located in the final Italian Bronze age in the Northwest of Italy, intermediate between the culture of Protogolasecca of Lombardy and eastern Piedmont and the RSFO culture. In these territories, in the extreme north-west of Italy, the RSFO influences are very strong, especially from the western territories of Switzerland and the eastern regions of France. The specific characteristics of western Piedmont making it more similar to the northern Alpine complex as those of the Italian peninsula; playing a fundamental role in the relations between the two sides of the Alpes during the prehistory

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Mateu, Sagués Marta. "Estudi de la terra crua durant la primera edat del ferro al nord-est de la península Ibèrica des de les perspectives micromorfològica i tipològica. Els materials del jaciment de Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/397708.

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Aquesta Tesi Doctoral és el resultat d’un treball d’investigació sobre l’ús de la terra crua per a l’elaboració de materials mobles i immobles en època protohistòrica. A partir d'un estudi de cas constituït per un conjunt mostral procedent del jaciment de la primera edat del ferro (f. VII-p. VI ane) de Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià, Catalunya), presentem una proposta metodològica que pretenem que sigui útil per a poder estudiar aquests elements amb més profunditat en qualsevol jaciment arqueològic. Per a realitzar aquesta metodologia, partim d’un estat de la qüestió sobre els estudis duts a terme fins ara en relació a aquest material a l’àrea del nord-est de la península Ibèric. Primerament hem realitzat una proposta tipològica integral i amb vocació universal, per a poder dur a terme el primer nivell d'anàlisi. A continuació, i després d'una descripció morfo-sedimentària, apliquem la micromorfologia a l’estudi d’aquests materials, que posteriorment complementem amb algunes tècniques fisicoquímiques, en els casos en què ha estat necessari. Amb el cas de Sant Jaume a part d'exposar la metodologia aplicada, hem pogut extreure'n uns resultats útils tant per l'estudi d'aquests materials com del propi jaciment. Per un costat hem pogut determinar, com a mínim, l’existència de dos indrets d'extracció de la primera matèria bàsica per a realitzar aquests elements: un sediment de matriu argilosa i un altre on predominen les sorres fines de dolomita i calcita. Per un altre costat, hem conclòs que en el cas d’aquest darrer en part podria haver estat tractat tèrmicament prèviament al seu ús. Tant un sediment com l'altre van ser barrejats amb components vegetals i van acabar formant els diferents elements, que segons les proporcions i distribució dels components hem pogut classificar en fàbriques diferenciades. Un dels aspectes interessants del nostre treball és la constatació que podem diferenciar i distingir les fàbriques identificades que corresponen als dos grans grups tipològics: els elements mobles i els immobles. Els tractaments dels sediments i dels components variaran segons si és un element moble o immoble. En darrer terme, amb aquest treball, pretenem també reivindicar l'estudi d'aquests materials i la importància que tenen per a poder entendre en la seva integritat les societats pre i protohistòriques del nord-est peninsular. Gràcies al seu estudi, constatem el coneixement tècnic i del medi que aquestes societats tenien, així com el nivell assolit per la seva arquitectura domèstica. En definitiva, ajudarem a la reconstrucció de les característiques dels diferents assentaments així com del seu funcionament.<br>With this thesis we value one of the most remarkable materials in antiquity: unbaked earth. The manufactured unbaked earth elements (construction and furniture elements) are composed of detrital sediment and vegetal components. This material appears in prehistoric contexts, such as in the NE region of the Iberian Peninsula at the Early Iron Age, which has been the main object of our study, but has usually received little interest by researchers. From a case study, a set of samples from an Early Iron Age archaeological site of Sant Jaume (Alcanar, Montsià, Catalonia), we present a methodology we intend that may be useful to study these elements in any archaeological site. The proposal involves the application of different approaches: typological classification, morpho-sedimentary description and micromorphological analysis.

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Libros sobre el tema "Protohistory"

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Dhavalikar, Madhukar Keshav. Indian protohistory. New Delhi: Books & Books, 1997.

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Fred, Woudhuizen, ed. Ethnicity in Mediterranean protohistory. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2011.

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Roy, Arabinda Singha, 1987- author, ed. Prehistory and protohistory of Jharkhand. Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation, 2018.

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Madhyama Saṃskr̥tika Aramudala (Sri Lanka), ed. The prehistory and protohistory of Sri Lanka. Colombo: Central Cultural Fund, 2007.

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Dasgupta, Nupur. The dawn of technology in Indian protohistory. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak, 1997.

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Nayeem, M. A. Prehistory and protohistory of the Arabian Peninsula. Hyderabad, India: Hyderabad Publishers, 1990.

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Nayeem, M. A. Prehistory and protohistory of the Arabian Peninsula. Hyderabad, India: Hyderabad Publishers, 1990.

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Otte, Marcel. La protohistoire. Bruxelles: De Boeck Universit, 2001.

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Otte, Marcel. La protohistoire. Bruxelles: De Boeck, 2002.

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Grimm, Sonja B. Resilience and reorganisation of social systems during the Weichselian lateglacial in North-West Europe: An evaluation of the archaeological, climatic, and environmental record. Mainz: Verlag des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums, 2019.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Protohistory"

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Weil, André. "Protohistory." In Number Theory, 1–35. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4571-7_1.

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Clasby, Nancy Tenfelde. "The Protohistory." In God, the Bible, and Human Consciousness, 41–50. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230611986_3.

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Komoróczy, Balázs, and Marek Vlach. "Simulating archeological models: Perspectives in protohistory." In Forgotten times and spaces: New perspectives in paleoanthropological, paleoetnological and archeological studies., 494–506. Brno: Masaryk university, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.m210-7781-2015-37.

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Masseti, Marco. "Non-human Primates in the Ancient Near East, from Protohistory to the First Islamic Caliphate." In Primates in History, Myth, Art, and Science, 85–102. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21963-6.

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Rouwhorst, Gerard. "The liturgical reading of the Bible in Early Eastern Christianity. The protohistory of the Byzantine lectionary." In A Catalogue of Byzantine Manuscripts in their Liturgical Context: Challenges and Perspectives, 155–71. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.cbm.1.101392.

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Murdoch, James. "Protohistoric Japan." In A History of Japan, 31–52. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315830902-2.

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Peregrine, Peter N. "Siberian Protohistoric." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, 203–4. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1191-5_28.

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Wyrwoll, Thomas. "North African Protohistoric." In Encyclopedia of Prehistory Volume 1: Africa, 220–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1193-9_17.

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"Protohistory." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Archaeology, 1108. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58292-0_161056.

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"Prehistory and Protohistory." In The Yoruba from Prehistory to the Present, 31–57. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781107587656.002.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Protohistory"

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Gataullina, Irina A. "Pre–et–Protohistory as World Outlook Basis of Engineering." In International Conference «Responsible Research and Innovation. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.02.132.

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Gataullina, Irina A. "Pre–et–Protohistory as World Outlook Basis of Engineering Ethics." In International Conference «Responsible Research and Innovation. Cognitive-crcs, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.07.02.33.

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CÀSSOLA GUIDA, PAOLA. "THE 14C CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROTOHISTORY OF FRIULI (NORTH-EASTERN ITALY)." In Science for Cultural Heritage - Technological Innovation and Case Studies in Marine and Land Archaeology in the Adriatic Region and Inland - VII International Conference on Science, Arts and Culture. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814307079_0018.

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Rückemann, Claus-Peter. "Coherent knowledge structures and fusion practice for contextualisation insight in prehistory and protohistory." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2021. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0162058.

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Cicalò, Enrico, Michele Valentino, Alexandra Fusinetti, Andrea Sias, Dario Simula, and Nicola Corgiolu. "Complesso nuragico di Palmavera ad Alghero. Rilievo e ricostruzione digitale." In FORTMED2025 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean, 987–94. València: edUPV. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2025.2025.20351.

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The form and architectural characteristics of the nuraghi and the surrounding walls have been decisive in the studies that initially focused on defensive and fortification aspects. From this, theories on Sardinia’s social and economic organization in protohistory developed.However, considering nuraghi only as defensive structures limits the understanding of their complexity. By abandoning a strictly militaristic view and adopting a broader perspective of the term ‘fortress’, their polyvalent function and significance, beyond mere military defence, becomes apparent.In this context, the nuragic complex of Palmavera in Alghero is reinterpreted as an emblematic example of a complex nuraghe, composed of three towers and surrounded by a second concentric wall, known as a structured ‘antemurale’. Contrary to the typical linear masonry, the ‘antemurale’ of Palmavera has a pentagonal shape with towers arranged at its vertices, among which the striking Capanna delle Riunioni.This study proposes a methodology for the documentation and digitalization of the site, divided into two main phases. The first phase is a detailed photogrammetric survey, capable of recording the morphological and dimensional characteristics of the complex. The second phase is based on advanced three-dimensional modelling, which will make it possible not only to represent the site’s current state but also to visualize reconstructive hypotheses based on archaeological theories to explore the original configurations of the nuraghe.

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Sasakura, Mariko, Ayame Akagi, Akane Yamaoka, and Naoko Matsumoto. "Visualizing Migration of Demographic Simulation in Prehistoric and Protohistoric Periods." In 2012 16th International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iv.2012.18.

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Calvo-Rathert, Manuel, Natalia García-Redondo, Angel Carrancho, Vachtang Licheli, Avto Gogichaishvili, Mark Dekkers, and Balazs Bradak-Hayashi. "FIRST ARCHAEOMAGNETIC RESULTS FROM THE PROTOHISTORIC GRAKLIANI HILL SITE (GEORGIA, CAUCASUS)." In Joint 118th Annual Cordilleran/72nd Annual Rocky Mountain Section Meeting - 2022. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022cd-373863.

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Hochart, Charlotte, and Elsa Lambert. "Scanning the Celts: evaluation of 2D and 3D techniques in protohistoric archaeology (Conference Presentation)." In Optics for Arts, Architecture, and Archaeology VII, edited by Piotr Targowski, Roger Groves, and Haida Liang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2527566.

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Marini, Nathalie. "Occupation and Environmental Context of a Prehistoric and Protohistoric Settlement on the Corsican East Coast." In 2006 First International Symposium on Environment Identities and Mediterranean Area. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iseima.2006.345024.

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Bauman, Paul, Rod Heitzmann, and Jack Porter. "The Application Of Geophysics To Archaeologic Mapping Of Prehistoric, Protohistoric And Historic Sites In Western Canada." In 8th EEGS Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.206.1995_035.

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Informes sobre el tema "Protohistory"

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Smith, Cameron. Social Stratification within a Protohistoric Plankhouse of the Pacific Northwest Coast: Use-wear and Spatial Distribution Analysis of Chipped Lithic Artifacts. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6986.

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