Tesis sobre el tema "Protéine A du centromère"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Protéine A du centromère".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Rouzeau, Sébastien. "Rôle de la protéine BLM dans le maintien de l’intégrité du centromère : implications dans le phénotype cellulaire associé au syndrome de Bloom". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T110/document.
Texto completoBloom syndrome (BS) is a rare genetic disease characterized by a sharp increase in the rate of sister chromatid exchanges, chromosome segregation abnormailities and a predisposition to the development of all types of cancers. This syndrome is caused by mutations in both copies of the BLM gene, which encodes BLM, a RecQ 3'-5 DNA helicase. The specific function(s) of BLM remain unclear, but the data from the literature converge towards a role for BLM in mechanisms monitoring and / or maintaining genome integrity. The BLM protein may be involved in restarting stalled replication forks during S phase and necessary to resolve anaphase bridges in mitosis, including particular bridges called "Ultrafine Anaphase Bridges" (UFBs). These UFBs, which link sister chromatids together, are not detectable by conventional stains and their presence can only be revealed by the detection of the proteins PICH (PLK1-interacting checkpoint helicase) or BLM. In untreated cells, UFBs originate mostly from centromeres (cUFBs).The challenge of my project was to determine whether BLM was also involved in preventing the formation of cUFBs and so, if it played a role before anaphase.We showed that BLM is recruited at centromeres from G2 phase to mitosis. BLM, in cooperation with PICH, is required for (1) structural organization of centromeric DNA, (2) completion of centromere disjunction, independently of the cohesin pathway, suggesting an involvement of these proteins in centromere decatenation process, and (3) recruitment of active topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα) to centromeres. Thus, we report a new localization and a new function of BLM at centromeres, revealing for the first time a new role for BLM and PICH in a previously unknown centromeric decatenation mechanism, crucial for complete centromere disjunction.We propose that the combined action of BLM and PICH promotes, through their helicase and chromatin remodelling activities, respectively, the organization of centromeric chromatin, thereby rendering some centromeric catenates accessible to Topo IIa before the onset of anaphase. The failure of this mechanism may lead to the persistence of some centromeric catenations not resolved before anaphase. Thus, the increase in the frequency of centromeric UFBs in BLMdeficient cells has two different origins: cUFBs arising from catenations not resolved before anaphase and physiological cUFBs not processed at anaphase onset. Two distinguish the two cUFB origins, we defined the former as supernumerary centromeric UFBs (SC-UFBs)
Gross, Sylvain. "Etude de la déstabilisation des structures protéique et chromatinienne des centromères par la protéine ICP0 du virus Herpes Simplex de Type 1". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00838586.
Texto completoCombes, Guillaume. "Étude de l'extension N-terminale de la kinase mitotique MPS1". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27887.
Texto completoOne of the first recognized characteristics in cancer cells was the observation of chromosomal aberrations during cell division. Among these aberrations, there is aneuploidy, a genetic abnormality defined by having an incorrect number of chromosomes in the cell. As the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation, aneuploidy also contributes to tumor progression. Several mechanisms are established by the cell to counter these chromosomal aberrations. The "spindle assembly control point" (SAC) is one of these mechanisms which ensures accurate segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. The dual specificity kinase MPS1 coded by the TTK gene is a critical component of the SAC. The regulation of the activity and the localization of MPS1 is still not wholly understood. The localization of MPS1 to the kinetochores (KT, structure of the centromeres allowing SAC organization) requires a region of approximately 50 amino acids called NTE (N-Terminal Extension) which does not exhibit a known functional domain. Recent data have demonstrated that the N-Terminal region of MPS1 is involved in the regulation of its activity. The main objective of this project is to understand to what extent the NTE region participates in the regulation of the kinase activity and the localization of MPS1. Using a structure-based approach, we have demonstrated that the NTE region of MPS1 contributes to its localization and activation by 2 independent modules. We demonstrated that residues 19-29 are absolutely required for the localization of MPS1, thus defining more accurately the region responsible for its localization. This region is also necessary to decrease the interaction between MPS1 and its partner protein ARHGEF17/TEM4, which participates in its recruitment to the KT thereby regulating the localization of MPS1. The second module concerns the residues 40-49, especially the phosphorylation of this region which contributes to the activation of the kinase, presumably by the release of a mechanism of auto-inhibition of the kinase. This mechanism, which participates in the regulation of the MPS1 kinase activity, appears to occur successively with dimerization then the initial phosphorylation of the NTE region and finally followed by trans-autophosphorylation of the activation loop of the kinase domain. The importance of the NTE region in performing the functions of MPS1 during mitosis has been demonstrated as well as the need for these two particular regions of the NTE which are independently required for optimal functioning and maintaining the robustness of the SAC. Thus, this thesis provides additional and indispensable information for understanding the mechanisms regulating the kinase activity and the kinetochore localization of MPS1 via its NTE region.
Rouzeau, Sébastien. "Rôle de la protéine BLM dans le maintien de l'intégrité du centromère : implications dans le phénotype cellulaire associé au syndrome de Bloom". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769941.
Texto completoLe, Boulch Marie. "Décryptage des mécanismes d’ubiquitylation régulant l’histone centromérique CenH3 chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1B009.
Texto completoUbiquitylation consists of the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. This process successively involves three families of enzymes: activation (E1s), conjugation (E2s) and ligation (E3s) enzymes. In my thesis, I am interested in the ubiquitylation network that regulates endogenous Cse4, the variant histone specifically located at the centromere. Cse4 is an essential protein that allows proper segregation of chromosomes. When Cse4 is over-expressed, it can localize on noncentromeric chromatin resulting in genetic instability observed in many cancers. In budding yeast, ubiquitylation prevents mislocalisation of Cse4 by leading to its degradation, but precise mechanisms are not known and data were obtained by overexpressing Cse4. Our hypothesis is that in yeast, endogenous Cse4 could be regulated differently thanks to several pairs of E2 / E3 enzymes. In this context, the goal of my thesis is to carry out a detailed study of the network of enzymes involved in endogenously expressed Cse4 ubiquitylation in order to better understand its regulation. In particular, we have been able to show a variation of the ubiquitylation during S phase dependent of the E3 Psh1
Briolay, Anne. "Mise en évidence de protéines nucléaires interagissant avec l'ADN et la tubuline : étude des interactions entre HMG 1 et la tubuline". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10204.
Texto completoSanchez, Aurore. "La ségrégation du plasmide F d'Escherichia coli : étude des spécificités d'interaction du centromère avec la protéine SopB et organisation du complexe de partition étendu". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2447/.
Texto completoSegregation of genetic material over generations is an essential process ensuring that every daughter cell receives a copy of each DNA molecule. Similarly to Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes possess cytoskeletal machineries, named Par, responsible for DNA segregation. Bacterial Par systems, found on chromosomes as well as on various low copy number plasmids, are composed of three elements: a ParA protein, a ParB protein and a centromere site, parS. ParA ATPase is able to position plasmids in the cytoplasm during the cell cycle. Its dynamic pattern make it the motor of the partition. The centromere binding protein (CBP) ParB, binds the centromere to form a nucleoprotein assembly called the "partition complex". Using different mode of DNA binding and multiple protein-protein interactions, ParB is also capable of organizing into higher order complexes called the "extended" partition complex. This complex is the substrate for the partitioning process. Formation of the extended partition represents the first step in partition and is essential to segregation. The architecture of this complex is not known for any partition system parABS. Here, we focus on the assembly of the F partition complex. During my PhD, I initiated several projects in parallel to characterize the different interactions involved in the organization of the partition complex and the extended partition complex of this plasmid with in vivo and in vitro approaches. In collaboration with the laboratory of Dr. Veronique Le Berre in Toulouse (LISBP -INSA), we determined sopC basis involved in specific SopB-sopC interactions. Then, we identified a new ParB determinant, outside of the helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif, responsible for specific DNA binding to the centromere. These findings reveal that ParB have an extended DNA binding domain, composed of two separate DNA binding motifs. We extended our analysis to chromosomal ParB and show that this second centromere binding motif is highly conserved in a wide range of bacteria. Using in vivo and in vitro approaches, we show that the extended partition complex architecture requires both protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. To investigate the overall organization of the SopB-sopC extended partition complex, we use chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with high throughput sequencing. This technique allowed us to visualize that SopB is able to extend around sopC over ~20 Kb. Our results are thus inconsistent with previous models suggesting that SopB polymerize side by side in a proteo-nucleofilament emanating from the centromere. So, we propose a new model in which the extended partition complex of F plasmid assembles in a nucleoprotein complex from stochastic binding of SopB on neighboring sopC DNA
Maure, Jean-François. "Les protéines Swi6 et Ssl3 sont nécessaires à la cohésion des chromatides soeurs chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces Pombe". Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21072.
Texto completoWhen cells divide, each daughter cell must receive a complete set of chromosomes. To achieve accurate segregation, the two replicated sister chromatids are held together by a proteinaceous complex called cohesin. To counteract the tension induced by bipolar attachment of the microtubules, the cohesin complex is enriched at centromeres. In S pombe, Swi6 is a constitutive protein of centrometric heterochromatin. I found that Swi6 is required for sister chromatid cohesion at centromeres but not along chromosome arms. Accordingly, Swi6 is required for cohesin enrichment at centromeres but not on chromosome arm sites. This work has demonstrated that heterochromatin is required for cohesion at centromeres. The ss13 gene identified in the laboratory encodes a new protein. I have demonstrated that ss13 is essential for chromosome cohesion. Ss13 acts during S phase for cohesin association with chromatin, presumably upstream cohesion establishment fctors
Sabra, Mirna. "Caractérisation de la réponse à l’instabilité des centromères (iCDR) déclenchée par la protéine ICP0 du Virus Herpès Simplex de type 1 (HSV-1)". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10022.
Texto completoInfection by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1, a major pathogenic virus in human, has been shown to cause centromere destabilization. The infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) induces centromere destabilization and lead to proteasomal-dependent degradation of the proteins of the centromeres, CENP-A, -B and CENP-C. Recent data, obtained in our laboratory, highlights the interphase Centromere Damage Response (iCDR) phenomena. This phenomena involves centromeric accumulation and redistribution of the Cajal body-associated coilin and fibrillarin as well as the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) proteins by ICP0 or by other drugs or siRNA targeting several constitutive centromere proteins known to play a major role in centromeres stabilization. Our data shows that SMN reditribution in the destabilized centromere is dependent of : 1) centromeric presence and accumulation of the coilin, 2) its interaction, via the TUDOR domain, with the methylated (Lys K79) histone H3. This methylation occurs in the presence of the Dot-1L enzyme. We hypothesize that these proteins play a critical role in safeguarding centromeric DNA to prevent the cells from apoptosis after Histone degradation. These observations, demonstrate the implication of certain iCDR proteins, more specifically the coilin, in the apoptotic response following a UV stress. In conclusion, these proteins could be part of a safeguard mechanism considered as a centromeric checkpoint
Xhemalce, Blerta. "Rôle de SUMO dans l'(in)stabilité génétique chez S. Pombe". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077177.
Texto completoSumoylation represents a conserved mechanism of post-translational modification resulting in the covalent attachment of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier SUMO protein on target proteins. Here, we have used S. Pombe, a monocellular eukaryotic organism providinq powerfull genetic tools as a model system to elucidate the roles of sumoylation in cellullar processes responsible for the maintenance of the stability of the genome. We showed Pli 1p to be a SUMO E3 Ligase of the Siz/PIAS family implicated in three key nuclear fonctions for genetic stability : the centromeres, the telomères and the repair of DMA damage occurring durina the S phase of genome duplication
Roussel-Gervais, Audrey. "La protéine liant l'ADN méthylé ZBTB4 localise aux péri-centromères et contrôle la réponse au point de contrôle mitotique". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC137.
Texto completoZBTB4 is a mammalian transcription factor with Zinc fingers and a BTB/POZ domains, which can bind methylated CpGs, as well as certain unmethylated consensus sequences. ZBTB4 is frequently downregulated in human cancers, for reasons that are unclear. To address the potential role of ZBTB4 we depleted it from human cells in culture, this led to heightened chromosome missegregation, as evidenced by increases in lagging chromosomes, micronuclei, and binucleation. We could detect a defect in the mitotic checkpoint, which was weakened in cells lacking ZBTB4, maybe as a direct consequence of decreased checkpoint protein abundance. To validate our findings in a more physiological setting, we generated mice. Primary Zbtb4⁻/⁻cells show the satine signs of genome instability seen in human cells in culture. The Zbtb4⁻/⁻ animals are viable and fertile, but smaller than their littermates and with reduced organ size. In addition, we report that mice lacking ZBTB4 are more susceptible to DMBA/TPA-induced skin carcinogenesis. Our results show that the epigenetic regulator ZBTB4 is essential for genome stability in mammals. Its loss in cancer cells may be under positive selection because it promotes faster genome evolution in the tumour cells
Renaud, Charlène. "Investigating the role of the centromeric histone variant CENP-A in cancer". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUS349.pdf.
Texto completoCENP-A (Centromere protein A) is a histone H3 variant incorporated into centromeric chromatin and essential for the proper segregation of human chromosomes to daughter cells during cell division. CENP-A overexpression, which promotes its mislocalization, is commonly observed in many cancers and correlates with aggressiveness of the disease. Interestingly, CENP-A transcription, while negatively regulated by the “tumor suppressor” p53, can evade this control. Thus, both p53-defective and p53 wild type cancers can display high levels of CENP-A. My goal was to understand how CENP-A overexpression and its ectopic localization participate in tumor evolution, considering the cellular context. Thus, I established a series of human cell lines with a tunable and reversible system to control CENP-A overexpression in various p53 contexts, that I analyzed under different conditions over time. Firstly, my work contributed to reveal how CENP-A overexpression affects cell cycle and identity in a manner that depends on the p53 status of the cells. Secondly, I identified a cell sub-population which, upon CENP-A overexpression, transitions towards mesenchymal states over time. This process, termed epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is a key driver of cancer progression and metastasis. Notably, by reversing CENP-A overexpression and erasing its ectopic localization, I could reverse the induced mesenchymal states. Furthermore, I found that CENP-A mislocalization promotes distinct EMT transcription programs. Altogether, these results suggest that CENP-A overexpression regulates cell plasticity in an epigenetic manner with important implications for cancer research
Guenatri, Mounia. "Organisation fonctionnelle de l'hétérochromatine centromérique : étude dans les cellules de vertébrés". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066144.
Texto completoBenoît, Vincent. "Recherche de descripteurs spécifiques d'interactions protéine-protéine et protéine-ligand". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066235.
Texto completoUnderstanding the determinants of specific protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions is of great interest for both fundamental as well as applied research. The major part of this work concerned protein-protein interfaces characterization. Noteworthy is that information for generating reliable protein-protein complex datasets is not directly accessible from PDB structures. Also, interfaces involving crystallographic symmetric chains are not directly reachable. Thus creating a database giving access to multiple protein-protein and crystallographic interfaces was found to be worthwhile. Cross referencing multiple databases as well as computing all possible interfaces inside a crystal allowed us to create a fast and flexible tool. Moreover we used docking tools to investigate protein-ligand interactions. Structures of validated inhibitors of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) polymerase delta interaction were given to us through collaboration with the Curie Institute at Orsay. Apart from generating putative structures of PCNA-inhibitors complexes we investigated docking sites locations of validated inhibitors versus putative locations of non inhibitor ones
Costa, Lionel. "Etude de la régulation de la structure de la chromatine par la RiboNucléase Latente (RNase L) chez les mammifères". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20225/document.
Texto completoThe endoribonuclease Latente (RNase L) is mostly known as a critical factor in the innate immunity during the cell's defence against a viral infection. The antiviral activity of RNase L which is characterize by it capacity of cleavage of viral RNA, is regulated by several factors like it activator the oligoadénylates 2-5A and his inhibitor RLI. In this manuscript, we have studied the role of the activity of RNase L in the regulation of the structure of centromeric domains. Our results show a general destructuration of chromosomes observed in cells over-expressing RNase L or RLI. These major aberrations are demonstrated by a delocalization of essentials proteins for the structure of chromatin: HP1-alpha and CENP-C. The mislocalization of these proteins could be provoked by a default in the maturation of major transcripts due to a modulation of the activity of RNase L. moreover, in this study, we have identified a mechanism regulating the cyto-nuclear shuttling of RNase L. therefore, we propose that a new nuclear function of RNase L: it's implication in the regulation of pericentromeric transcripts needed to stabilize the integrity of the structure of chromatin
Barinova-Melenkova, Natalja. "Anaphase bridges generated by dicentric chromosomes break predominantly at pericentromeric regions and internal telomeric sequences". Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112101.
Texto completoIn most eukaryotes, there is one defined centromeric region per chromosome that links it to the spindle apparatus via the kinetochore complex. In this context, the presence of two centromeres is a challenge for an accurate segregation. During mitosis, the capture of the two centromeres of the same chromatid to opposite poles generates anaphase bridges that results in breakage between the centromeres. The released ends can be fused end-to-end thus recreating dicentric. It enters breakage-fusion-bridge cycles that, in multiple rounds, can result in large gene copy number alterations that can contribute to oncogenesis and chemotherapy resistance. Despite of its significance, the mechanism of breakage remains for a large part unexplored. This project adresses the dicentric breakage using a budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We use conditional dicentric strains, where a chromosome, bearing a conditional centromere under the control of two galactose-inducible promoters, is fused to another native chromosome by homologous recombination. We observed that dicentric chromosomes tend to break in the vicinity of the two centromeres. The breakage region spreads over ~30 kb towards the other centromere. An insertion of a 1-kb ectopic centromere in a chromosome with a conditional centromere establishes a ~30 kb hot spot indistinguishable from the hot spots at native centromeres. Furthermore, the size of breakage region is unrelated to an intercentromeric distance (30-600 kb intervals were tested). This indicates that the higher propensity to break is a consequence of centromere structure or function and is unrelated to the native surrounding sequences. It is yet unclear whether breakage at centromeres has a physiological function but we can speculate that this hot spot may favour local DNA rearrangements that result in centromere inactivation and thus the return to a stable karyotype. Overall in budding yeast, dicentrics break at pericentromeric regions or at the telomere fusions when they are present. Interestingly, internal telomeric sequences, i.e. TG₁₋₃ repeats, establish several breakage hot spots with a similar frequency. In perspective, it would be interesting to address the following questions: 1) What are features that make a region more prone to breakage? 2) What are the positions of breakage at nucleotide level? 3) Is there a coordination of dicentric chromatid breakage? 4) What can be the biological function of dicentric breakage hot spots?
Filipescu, Dan. "The role of the histone variant cenp-a and its chaperone hjurp in mouse centromere propagation and tumorigenesis". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066170.
Texto completoCentromeres are genomic loci ensuring equal distribution of the two sets of chromosomes in mitosis. Their identity is not encoded in the underlying DNA sequence but specified epigenetically by the histone H3 variant CENP-A. In transformed human cell lines, CENP A is deposited at centromeres by the histone chaperone HJURP in a distinct window of the cell cycle. During my PhD I have taken advantage of the mouse model to address cell cycle and developmental features of centromeric chromatin, as well as its dysfunction in cancer.Using an organism-level approach, I could observe that contrary to most histones, CENP-A is retained on the paternal genome during spermatogenesis, acting as a transgenerational mark of the centromere. To study the role of HJURP in vivo, we generated a knockout mouse and discovered that its genomic locus underwent amplification in several mouse subspecies.In parallel, we addressed the crosstalk between histone variant dynamics and higher-order chromatin structure at the centromere, and revealed that the dynamic reorganization of pericentric heterochromatin during the cell cycle controls the distinct incorporation of H2A variants and CENP-A stoichiometry.Finally, to explore the connection between tumorigenesis and CENP-A/HJURP overexpression, recorded in a number of human cancers, we used a mouse embryonic fibroblast model of transformation. We determined that whereas their overexpression did not confer a measurable proliferative advantage in a p53-deficient background, CENP-A/HJURP upregulation was a consequence of transformation. Whether their accumulation has a functional role to enhance tumorigenesis in this system was further investigated
Milhas, Sabine. "Développement d'outils pour l'étude des interactions protéine-protéine". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4020.
Texto completoIn my thesis I became interested in protein-protein interactions (PPI's). PPI's play a major role in a variety of cellular processes and are now considered a major target in order to develop new drugs. However, targeting such interactions requires the development of dedicated libraries, to accelerate the discovery of “hits”molecules .To overcome this issue, a focused chemical library PPI (2P2I3D) was designed in the laboratory.At first, I evaluated this chemical library on different complexes with diverse interfaces. The results showed higher hit rate to those obtained with non-oriented libraries, from 0.2 to 1.6% against 0.01 to 0.1%, respectively. This study has established a proof of concept of the feasibility of creating a focused chemical library PPI, thus accelerating the discovery of biologically active compounds.Secondly, I am interested in the interaction between two major proteins of dengue virus: the NS3 and NS5 proteins. I initially identified and characterized a novel interaction site, which allowed me to demonstrate that this interaction had the effect of increasing the enzymatic activity of the helicase domain. I searched and identified small molecules able to inhibit this interaction. The different characterizations helped to highlight an antiviral effect. These inhibitors are an excellent starting point to further explore the biological role of this complex
Herrada, Isaline. "Etude des interactions protéine-protéine à l'enveloppe nucléaire". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS278/document.
Texto completoDuring my PhD, several papers revealed that the inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins, andespecially emerin, lamin A, SUN1, actin and BAF, played an essential role in the mechanicalproperties of the nucleus and the cell. The nuclear envelope assembly and the interactions betweenthese proteins are regulated by phosphorylation and oligomerization events. My aim was to describemolecular events essential for inner nuclear envelope assembly as a first step to understand how thenuclear envelope responds to a mechanical stress.I first characterized the oligomerization and phosphorylation states of the protein emerin. I showedthat this protein is capable of forming, in vitro and in cells, large oligomers essential to its interactionwith lamin A. I also observed that several emerin mutations leading to Emery-Dreifuss musculardystrophy impaired the self-association properties of this protein.In parallel, I studied the interactions between emerin, lamin, SUN1, actin and BAF in vitro. I was ableto demonstrate direct interactions between the C-terminal domain of lamin A and the proteins emerin,actin and SUN1. These three proteins bind lamin A on different surfaces suggesting the existence ofcomplexes of 3 or 4 proteins in the cell. Analysis of the mechanisms regulating interactions betweenthese proteins should be pursued in order to understand what are the molecular events responsible forthe maintenance of nuclear integrity and the transmission of a mechanical signal between thecytoskeleton and the nucleoskeleton
Polonovski, Véronique. "Etude du mécanisme d'action de l'homéoprotéine Engrailed 2 : interaction protéine - protéine avec la protéine à domaine forkhead Foxa2 et interaction protéine - membrane". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066490.
Texto completoBrouard, Céline. "Inférence de réseaux d'interaction protéine-protéine par apprentissage statistique". Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845692.
Texto completoLugari, Adrien. "Spécificité et inhibition des interactions protéine-protéine : Exemples d'approches". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX10210.
Texto completoProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) participate in and regulate almost all essential cellular functions. As a consequence, they are frequently involved in various pathologies (going from cancer development to viral replication and host cell infection) but their study remains a challenge.Thus understanding those interactions as well as finding small drug candidates able to modulate them, a field of research not currently fully developed, appear as the future of the healthcare industry.In this context, I chose to learn different techniques to study PPIs that are usually employed in academic (IMR laboratory, CNRS, France) or corporate environments (Genentech, USA). Moreover, I also worked on the development of small organic inhibitors of PPIs coupling in silico methodologies (chemo-informatics, Drug Design) to biological and structural validations.During my PhD, I could manage and work on different projects involving the study of PPIs involved in cancer signaling pathways as well as the development of potent antiviral drugs targeting the HIV and SARS viruses.My organizational, personal and scientific skills as well as the practical experience I developed on various techniques (from cell biology to biophysics, structural biochemistry and Drug Design), make me feel confident on the management of PPIs drug discovery projects.I am thus able to efficiently work on, and manage, the study of protein-protein interactions in various pathologies as well as the development of potent PPIs inhibitors, that will be a major breakthrough for Biotech/Pharma companies in the coming years
Kolar-Znika, Lorena. "Study of the organisation and the transcriptional activity of mouse major satellites". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066156/document.
Texto completoIn mouse cells, pericentromeric heterochromatin, characterized by major satellite repeats and a specific epigenetic signature, the trimethylation of the histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3) is organised in particular nuclear structures called chromocenters. This region is actively transcribed, producing non-coding RNA. To investigate the transcriptional profile of major satellites, we made used of the sequence specific LNA modified oligonucleotides in northern blot experiments. We have shown that a complex transcriptional pattern is revealed with the probes designed to target both strands of the major satellite repeat. This pattern is modified in response to heat shock, in which we reveal that a short, RNA polymerase III-transcribed RNA is overexpressed. However, specificity problems encountered with the use of these LNA probes inabled us to confirm with certainty the major satellite origin of the detected transcripts. The second part of this work consisted in the studying of the impact of the targeted modification of the H3K9me3 at the major satellites by a TALE protein fused to a histone demethylase, mJMJD2D. We have shown that the H3K9me3 signal is abolished in the cells transfected with this TALE protein. The demethylation triggers morphological changes of the chromocenters such as the increase of the major satellite foci size, that are accompanied by the decrease in the foci number, suggesting the merging of several chromocenters
Roy, Marie-Odile. "Caractérisation structurale et étude des interactions protéine-protéine et protéine-lipides de dérivés acyles de ribonucléase". Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON13524.
Texto completoLaudet, Béatrice. "Stratégies pour inhiber une interaction protéine-protéine de haute affinité : l'exemple de la protéine kinase CK2". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10172.
Texto completoMany arguments in favour of oncogenic potential of CK2 protein kinase make it a promising therapeutic target in oncology. This protein kinase is composed of a tetrameric complex of two catalytic subunits CK2a constitutively active and a dimmer of two regulatory subunits CK2b. Our laboratory showed that dynamic interaction between these two subunits in cell is an essential component for this enzyme regulation. For better understanding this regulation in normal and pathologic processes, it seems necessary to develop compounds able to perturb this proteinprotein interaction. In this respect, three complementary strategies were used: 1) hot spots characterization for CK2a-CK2b interaction based on tetramer crystal structure. 2) rational conception of the first antagonist of this interaction as a mimetic cyclic peptide (IC50 = 3 mM). 3) pharmacophore definition based on this peptide allowing to identify chemical molecules analogs by virtual screening. A cluster of chemical compounds active as well in vitro as in vivo has been identified. They represent the first inhibitors for this interaction
Guigou, Ludovic. "L'arginyl-ARNt synthétase de mammifère : rôle des interactions protéine-protéine et protéine-ARN sur son activité". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112141.
Texto completoEach aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyze the esterification of its cognate amino acid to the 3'-end of its cognate tRNA(s). Some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) catalyze the amino acid activation step only in the presence of a cognate tRNA. This behaviour has been studied in Arginyl-tRNA synthetase (ArgRS) from hamster. Our results show that three contact points with the tRNA molecule are important in the activation step : bases A76, A20 and C35. These three bases must be presented by a tRNA possessing both rigidity (intact " L " shape) and flexibility (provided by G-U base-pairs). We conclude that the triggering of the activation step in ArgRS implies an induced-fit mechanism. Enzymes from the multi-aaRSs complex found in higher eukaryotes display additional basic domains, some of them interacting with tRNAs. We show that these domains increase the affinity of the enzymes of the complex for their specific tRNAs only. Thus, the catalytic body of each enzyme determines its specificity, while the additionnal basic domains increase the affinity of the enzymes for their specific tRNA(s). The p43 protein, a component of the complex able to interact with tRNAs and ArgRS, does not affect the catalytic parameters of this enzyme. Crystals of a short form of the p43 protein have been obtained and the structure has been solved by molecular replacement, but the N-terminal residues, that are responsible for the interaction with tRNAs, are not visible. Conditions for the isolation of the multi-aaRSs complex have been refined in order to carry out a structural study using cryo-electron microscopy and crystallography
Mathieu, Michelle. "Regulation of mitotic BubR1 phosphorylation by the BubR1 pseudokinase domain". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27062.
Texto completoThe mitotic protein BubR1 functions in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) by stabilizing kinetochore-microtubule (KT-MT) interactions. These functions protect the cell from abnormal chromosome segregation and genome instability. BubR1 has highly conserved mitotic phosphorylation sites in the kinetochore-attachment regulatory domain (KARD); the residue S676 is phosphorylated by polo-like kinase-1 (Plk1) and S670 is phosphorylated by cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (Cdk1). These phosphorylation sites are essential for KARD recruitment of protein phosphatase PP2A-B56, which stabilizes KT-MT interactions. Our results show that mutations that cause pseudokinase domain instability and a highly stable truncation mutant of BubR1 were found to cause loss of mitotic S676 and S670 phosphorylation. We hypothesize that the pseudokinase domain of BubR1 may play an important role in the regulation of KARD phosphorylation and thus the stabilization of KT-MT interactions.
Leopold, Pierre. "Analyse structurale et fonctionnelle d'unités génétiques autonomes à transmission germinale dans des familles de souris transgéniques". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4370.
Texto completoMorency, Eric. "The protein of herpes simplex virus Type 1 : from centromeres to the interphase centromere damage response". Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10317.
Texto completoAzé, Jérôme. "Prédiction d'Interactions et Amarrage Protéine-Protéine par combinaison de classifieurs". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763947.
Texto completoCostenaro, Lionel. "Interactions faibles protéine – protéine en solution : La malate déshydrogénase halophile". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007698.
Texto completoDans quelle mesure les interactions protéine – solvant influencent-elles les interactions protéine – protéine ? Nous avons mis en relation ces deux types d'interactions pour la malate déshydrogénase (Hm MalDH) de Haloarcula marismortui, protéine halophile très acide qui a des solvatations variées et très riches en eau et en sel.
Nous avons développé une nouvelle méthode de détermination du second coefficient du viriel A2 par la modélisation des profils de vitesse de sédimentation en ultracentrifugation analytique, qui permet l'étude de solvants complexes.
Les interactions protéine – protéine de la Hm MalDH en divers sels ont été caractérisées par diffusion de neutrons ou de rayons X aux petits angles. Les A2 et les facteurs de structure en solution ont été modélisés par des potentiels d'interaction de type DLVO. Les interactions répulsives sont principalement dues au terme de volume exclu et dans une moindre mesure au terme électrostatique. Les interactions attractives sont qualitativement corrélées à des valeurs positives ou négatives des paramètres d'interaction préférentielle avec le sel. Ces résultats permettent d'expliquer l'adaptation moléculaire des protéines halophiles qui doivent ainsi avoir une solvatation riche en sel pour rester soluble à haut sel.
La cristallisation par dilution de la Hm MalDH dans des mélanges sel – MPD (méthyl-2-pentanediol-2,4) résulte d'une lente évolution des interactions protéine – protéine, de répulsives à modérément attractives. Le MPD modifie les interactions protéine – protéine en divers sels en ajoutant une attraction qui est liée à la répulsion du MPD par les charges de la protéine.
Mauran, Laura. "Foldamères stabilisateurs d’hélices peptidiques : Applications à l’inhibition d’interactions protéine-protéine". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0908.
Texto completoΑ-Helices are key elements of biomolecular recognition, as reflected by the fact that a large fraction of the protein-protein complexes in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) feature helical interfaces. However, short isolated peptide helices are generally only weakly populated in aqueous environment and are sensitive to proteolytic degradation, thus limiting their therapeutic potential. Various chemical approaches have been proposed to increase the helix folding propensity of α-peptides. One strategy is to pre-organize the first amide bonds through the use of a "capping box" or a hydrogen bond surrogate. Recently we became interested by the possibility to interface peptide and foldamer helical backbones in order to develop “block co-foldamers“, to generate new generations of α-helix mimics. In our laboratory, we have developed oligourea foldamers which are organized to form helical structures. The similarities in helix screw sense, pitch, and polarity between the peptide α-helix and the oligourea 2.5-helix suggested that it would be feasible to combine these two backbones. In this thesis, we have shown that the resulting oligourea/α-peptide chimeras form well-defined helical structures in polar organic solvents with the propagation of a continuous intramolecular hydrogen bonding network spanning the entire sequence. These studies provided a rationale for the use of the oligourea backbone which is strongly biased towards helix formation could lead to the development of pre-organized caps for the initial four amide NHs and the final four carbonyl groups of a peptide α-helix. We have therefore studied the influence of short oligourea fragments on the stabilization of model water-soluble peptide sequences in α-helices, leading to the development of the foldamer capping box. This strategy awas pplied for the first time to the design of potent inhibitors of protein/protein interactions (e.g. p53/MDM2)
Cussol, Léonie. "Inhibition d'interactions protéine-protéine par des foldamères mixtes oligoamide/olugourée". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0394.
Texto completoProtein-protein interactions (PPI) have a key role in physiological processes. The inhibition of these PPI may lead to new therapeutic strategies. Secondary structures in α-helix are frequently involved in protein interactions where they may contribute significantly to binding. Designing molecules which mimic the helical motif for protein surface recognition and inhibition of the natural partner represents an innovative path to discover new drug candidates. Aliphatic urea oligomers, a class of foldamers that adopt a well-defined H-bonded helical secondary structure with good similarity to the α-helix have been proposed as possible α-helix mimics to inhibit protein-protein interactions. The first part of this PhD project was dedicated to the design and synthesis of oligoureas and oligourea/α-peptide chimeras for specific protein surface recognition. We have selected the vitamin D receptor as a potential target, mainly because (i) it is therapeutically relevant; (ii) its protein partner (coactivators) interact through a short region which adopts an α-helical structure upon binding and (iii) structures at atomic resolution were available to enable the design of effective mimetics. In the second part, we investigated methods to generate foldamer covalent dimers that could potentially be used to cover larger interaction surfaces. The rationale is that the binding interface is often more complex than a single helix and may involve tertiary and quaternary structures such as coiled coils which in turns may also serve as a basis for the design of new classes of inhibitors
Jagot, Lacoussière Léonard. "Interactions protéine-protéine dans le contrôle de l'apoptose : Développements thérapeutiques". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC218.
Texto completoMy work is based on the identification and the biological characterization of new molecules implicated in the apoptotic response by the study of protein interactions. Our goal is to produce small molecules effective against cancer cells by the control of protein-protein interactions. My work has two main axes. Le first one is focused on the non-apoptotic functions of the Apaf-1 protein in the stress response induced by anti-cancer agents through the arrest of the cell cycle. This role of Apaf-1 requires a redistribution of the protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and its nuclear translocation seems to be a positive prognosis for patients with non-small cell lung cancer. I show that this process of redistribution of Apaf-1 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, dependent on the DNA damage, is mediated by an interaction between the protein and the nucleoporin NUP107. The second axe is based on the validation of the inactivation of the AAC-11 protein as a therapeutic strategy for the cancer. This protein, initially identified as a survival protein in the absence of growth factors, is overexpressed in a large number of tumor tissues and is essential to their survival. It interacts with its partners through a leucine-zipper domain and we have developed cell penetrating peptides targeting this domain, preventing the interaction between AAC-11 and its protein partners and interfering with its functions. My work is based on the evaluation of these peptides and on their optimization
Moreau, Violaine. "Analyse bioinformatique des sites d'intéractions protéine-protéine et prédictions épitopiques". Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON13515.
Texto completoMaurin-Michalet, Sophie. "Etude d'une interaction protéine-protéine par ingénierie et marquages chimiques". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112098.
Texto completoVoitovich, Iuliia. "Les inhibiteurs d'interaction protéine-protéine, une stratégie innovante en cancérologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0701.
Texto completoBET-proteins, acting as epigenetic readers, play an essential role in cancer development. To date, numerous potent inhibitors disrupting BET functions have been discovered, including several of them that are undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of different types of cancer. The common drawback limiting their use in clinical practice is an inability to distinguish between BET-members that may cause side effects and resistances. The selective targeting of individual BET and the discrimination between BD1 and BD2 present an opportunity to achieve more selective transcriptional effect. A midthroughput screening of previously designed chemical library allowed identification of two molecules with unique profiles of selectivity that have never been observed. An undertaken structure-based program revealed a minimum scaffolds necessary for binding. Taking together with resolved X-Ray structures it allowed the development of more potent and selective BET inhibitors by DOTS (diversity oriented target focused synthesis) strategy, combining virtual screening and diversity oriented library design. This optimization led to a potent inhibitor with up to 100-fold improvement of affinity to the target and up to 300-fold selectivity toward BD1. Dose-response downregulation of c-Myc levels in low micromolar range in cell assays allowed the validation of the identified molecule as a chemical probe. Further comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations of this compound will enable elucidating the biological role of each bromodomain and a validation of the interest toward the development of selective inhibitors in clinic
Andreani, Jessica. "Analyse évolutive, prédiction structurale et inhibition des interactions protéine-protéine". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066291.
Texto completoLes interactions protéine-protéine sont fondamentales dans la plupart des processus cellulaires. Cette thèse est centrée sur l’analyse et la prédiction de ces interactions en utilisant à la fois les données structurales et l’information issue de l’évolution. A travers l’étude de plus de 1000 couples d’interfaces homologues, extraits d’une base de données développée dans notre équipe, nous avons mis en évidence une plasticité étonnante dans l’évolution de la structure des interfaces. Nous avons cependant identifié des propriétés assez conservées qui fournissent des pistes pour l’extraction d’information à partir des alignements de séquences multiples de deux partenaires en interaction. Nous avons ensuite développé une fonction de score « gros grain » utilisant un potentiel statistique multi-corps couplé à l’information évolutive. Cette fonction améliore les prédictions d’interfaces protéiques et a été utilisée dans deux cas concrets d’amarrage moléculaire. Enfin, nous avons développé un protocole bio-informatique robuste pour le design d’inhibiteurs peptidiques d’une interaction protéine-protéine
Betzi, Stéphane. "Inhibition des interactions protéine/protéine : application à la conception d'antiviraux". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11008.
Texto completoMy thesis focused on the future of biomedical research. We have developed for this purpose a protocol allowing to speed-up the discovery of new bio-active molecules targeting the interactions between two proteins. Using this protocol that we call "2P2I approach", acronym of Protein/Protein Interaction Inhibition, we proposes to combine molecular modeling methods for small molecules screening (in silico screening) with experimental screening using in vitro and cellular assays. It permits to create and adapt a fast and efficient strategy to design bio-active compounds according the biological subject specificities (known structures, known inhibitors, directed mutagenesis data) and applicable in academic research programs. The manuscript describes how we applied the 2P2I approach to several research projects to design antiviral drugs as well as the modeling tools and strategies we developed
Da, Silva Franck. "Cartographie des interfaces protéine-protéine et recherche de cavités droguables". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF034/document.
Texto completoProtein-protein interfaces are involved in many physiological mechanisms of living cells. Their characterization at the molecular level is therefore crucial in drug discovery.We propose here new methods for the analysis protein-protein interfaces of pharmaceutical interest. Our automated protocol detects the biologicaly relevant interfaces within the Protein Data Bank structures, droguables cavities, ligands present at the interface and pharmacophores derived directly from the cavities. Our method enables a state-of- the-art of all available structural information about protein-protein interfaces and predicts potential new targets for drug candidates
Parra, Julien. "Sulfoprotéomique : développement analytique et rôle dans les processus d'interactions protéine / protéine". Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0045.
Texto completoSulfoproteomics term designs protein sulfation studies. It appears during the 2000’s, when the interest for others Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) than phosphorylation and glycosylation was growing up. Even though sulfation is thought to be an important PTM, a weak number of publications has emerged about it, notably if we compare with the huge quantity of phosphorylation papers. This difference is mainly due to the difficulty to correctly analyze sulfated proteins and peptides in the classical ways of proteomics, as in mass spectrometry for example. The goal of this thesis is to develop mass spectrometry methods dedicated to the characterization of sulfated species, in order to improve the knowledge of this PTM. To do that, we have mainly used negative ion mode, which is almost never used, with two fragmentations techniques for the MS/MS spectra, which are CID and HCD. Results obtained allow us to pinpoint an analytical method allowing the differentiation between sulfation and phosphorylation (they are isobaric), based on the presence of specific ion for each PTM in MS/MS. In another part of the project, we have investigated the role of sulfation in the interaction between a cellular receptor, CXCR4, and its in vivo ligand, the chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12. We used capillary electrophoresis for this work, and it could be a good basis for future analyses using capillary electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry, in order to have a better characterization of the observed complexes
Bourquard, Thomas. "Exploitation des algorithmes génétiques pour la prédiction de structures protéine-protéine". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112302.
Texto completoMost proteins fulfill their functions through the interaction with one or many partners as nucleic acids, other proteins…. Because most of these interactions are transitory, they are difficult to detect experimentally and obtaining the structure of the complex is generally not possible. Consequently, “in silico prediction” of the existence of these interactions and of the structure of the resulting complex has received a lot of attention in the last decade. However, proteins are very complex objects, and classical computing approaches have lead to computer-time consuming methods, whose accuracy is not sufficient for large scale exploration of the so-called “interactome” of different organisms. In this context development of high-throughput prediction methods for protein-protein docking is needed. We present here the implementation of a new method based on : Two types of formalisms : the Vornonoi and Laguerre tessellations, two simplified geometric models for coarse-grained modeling of complexes. This leads to computation time more reasonable than in atomic representation, the use and optimization of learning algorithms (genetic algorithms) to isolate the most relevant conformation between two two protein parteners, an evaluation method based on clustering of meta-attributes calculated at the interface to sort the best subset of candidate conformations
Adrien, Vladimir. "Diffusion des lipides et interaction protéine-protéine dans des membranes modèles". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB033.
Texto completoBiological membranes, which divide the elements of life, are a key factor in biological processes such as signaling, transport, transmission of an nerve impulse, etc. Seen as two-dimensional fluids, the study of their physical properties could help us understand some unsolved biological mechanisms. This work focused on molecule mobility within membranes, and specifically on two essential parameters: membrane viscosity and lateral diffusion. After optimizing the Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP) technique on confocal microscopes, we studied the mobility of molecules within two types of in vitro model membranes: the sponge phase made of a non-ionic surfactant (C12E5) and the giant unilamellar lipidic vesicles (GUVs). 1) Sponge phase (or L3) : after having established its phase diagram and shown that membrane proteins stay active in this phase, we measured protein mobility by Fluorescence Recovery After fringe Pattern Photobleaching (FRAPP). This allowed us to obtain the association constants of the proteins of the efflux pump OprM-MexAB involved in the resistance to antibiotics of the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These interactions heavily depend on the degree of confinement of each protein. 2) GUVs : after having developed a simple method for the formation of GUVs, in which membrane proteins stay active, we measured the lipid diffusion by FRAP. We showed that, under certain conditions, they can move together, which explains the diversity of results in the literature. By measuring membrane viscosity by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM), we also showed that viscosity should not be necessarily deduced from hydrodynamic diffusion models
Yu, Jinchao. "développement méthodologique et applications de la prédiction des interactions protéine-protéine". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS021.
Texto completoProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in life. My PhD work aimed at developing advanced bioinformatics methods in the field of PPI prediction at the structural scale. My goal was to improve the predictive power of methods which model the structures of macromolecular assemblies (docking) and to tackle real-life problems faced by biologists.First, I developed HHalign-Kbest server using algorithms for the search of suboptimal solutions to gain better-quality models. Second, in the field of protein docking, I built InterEvDock server which can take co-evolutionary information into account. It yields better performance than other state-of-the-art servers. In order to further test our methods, we participated in CAPRI – an international challenge for prediction of protein interactions. Over years 2013-2016, our group ranked 1st at the 6th CAPRI evaluation meeting. At last, I developed a realistic benchmark dataset PPI4DOCK, largest dataset so far, in order to improve docking methods for the scientific community.In terms of applications, I was involved in a variety of collaborative projects with different labs. As representative examples, I searched for binding partners of the histone chaperone Asf1; I studied the CENP-F/Nup133 interaction in the context of mitosis and the Exo70/Abi interaction related to cell mobility regulation; I also simulated the binding modes of multiple peptides, partners of Ku complex involved in DNA repair pathway
Asghar, Adeel. "Regulation of kinetochore localization of the Spindle checkpoint kinase Bub1". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27706.
Texto completoThe Spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a monitoring system conserved in eukaryotes for accurate attachments between kinetochores and microtubules. The SAC precludes mitotic progression until correct attachments and tension between kinetochores and microtubules is generated. Deregulation of the SAC has the severe consequence of aneuploidy found in most solid tumors. BUB1 is a serine/threonine kinase required for the SAC function. It has both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent roles. This project defines several BUB1 associated functions during mitosis. Using in vivo and in vitro tools several autophosphorylation sites on BUB1 were identified. We tested and confirmed BUB1 T589 as an autophosphorylation site. A mutant of this site (BUB1-T589A) was stably expressed in cells and a phosphospecific antibody was generated to study this site. The role of structural domains of BUB1 has been studied earlier. We show that while the kinase extension domain (aa 724-780) located N-terminal to the kinase domain is required for BUB1-T589 autophosphorylation and BUB1 kinase activity, the TPR at the N-terminus localizes normally to kinetochores and is not required for kinase activity. BUB1-T589A has altered turnover at kinetochores. This leads to the spread of SGO1 and H2ApT120 signal to chromosome arms. Finally, autophosphorylation at T589 regulates chromosome congression but not the SAC function of BUB1. We further show that inhibition of PLK1, another serine/threonine kinase, increases BUB1 kinetochore localization after BUB3 depletion in human cells. Thus, PLK1 can regulate BUB1 kinetochore localization. We also show that this regulation occurs through KNL1, a scaffold protein of the SAC. It is possible that PLK1 could regulate BUB1 kinetochore localization to influence mitotic progression. Future studies will focus on elucidation of mechanism behind these interactions.
Sollier, Julie. "Rôle de l'histone méthyltransférase Set1 dans la différentiation méiotique". Aix-Marseille 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX22004.
Texto completoRouhana, Jad. "Etude et modulation des interactions protéine-protéine : l’activation de la petite protéine G Arf1 par son facteur d’échange Arno". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13507/document.
Texto completoArf1 is a small GTPases, essentially involved in the vesicular traffic. Arf1 switch between two conformations, an active form bound to GTP and an inactive form bound to GDP. Arno is one of the exchange factors (GEF) that can activate Arf1, through its catalytic Sec7 domain, promoting the exchange of GDP by GTP. Activated in breast cancer cells, Arf1 plays an important role in the migration and proliferation of cancer cells.The aim of my thesis was the study and the modulation of the interaction between small G proteins and their GEFs, more precisely the Arf1-Arno interaction. My work has been planned around two axes: (1) the study of the interaction between Arf1 and Arno, and its modulation with a known inhibitor Brefeldin A (BFA). (2) The development of a rational strategy for designing inhibitors of protein-protein interaction for the Arf1-Arno complex.In the first part of my PhD work, we set up a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) method allowing to determine the kinetic parameters of the interaction between Arf1 and Arno. We also studied the effects of allosteric partners such as GDP, GTP and Mg2+ as well as the known uncompetitive inhibitor (Brefeldin A). This SPR approach allowed a very informative analysis at qualitative and quantitative levels of the various complexes taking place during the exchange reaction that should help to solve the inhibitory mechanism for the known inhibitors reported in the literature. In the second part of my thesis, we propose a strategy for targeting the interaction between Arf1and Arno. This approach is based on virtual screening of fragments at hotspot regions. Using biophysical techniques such fluorescence techniques, SPR, NMR and X-Ray crystallography, we identified and validated Hits, showing by crystallographic structural data their modes of interaction with the target protein Arno. A fluorescence polarization test was also developed to identify false positive fragments to eliminate promiscuous aggregators. Taken together, our work proposes a method based on SPR allowing the study of known inhibitors of GEFs, understanding at molecular level their mode of action. We also propose a general strategy for finding Hit fragments that designing competitive inhibitor of the interaction small G protein with its GEFs, that can be the scaffold for designing more powerful inhibitors
Douguet, Dominique. "Etude des interactions protéine-protéine et protéine-ligand par bio- et chimie-informatique structurale : Identification de petites molécules bio-actives". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00320089.
Texto completoLa modélisation par homologie permet d'obtenir un modèle tridimensionnel d'une protéine lorsque sa structure n'a pas été déterminée expérimentalement. Ma contribution dans ce domaine fut la réalisation du serveur @TOME avec le soutien de la GENOPOLE Languedoc-Roussillon (accessible à l'adresse http://bioserver.cbs.cnrs.fr). Ce serveur était le premier de ce type à avoir été développé en France. Le serveur @TOME rassemble et traite d'une manière automatique toutes les étapes nécessaires à la construction d'un modèle 3D d'une protéine. Cela inclut la reconnaissance du repliement, la construction des modèles protéiques et leur évaluation. Les résultats du CASP5 en 2005 (session internationale d'évaluation des méthodes de prédiction de la structure des protéines ; http://predictioncenter.llnl.gov/) ont montré que notre serveur utilisé en mode automatique propose des modèles très proches de la structure expérimentale lorsque l'identité de séquence avec la structure support est supérieure à 30%. Le serveur a été classé 26ième sur 187 groupes inscrits.
Dans un second temps, mes recherches m'ont permis de réaliser une base de données de complexes protéiques co-cristallisés, base fondatrice du projet DOCKGROUND. Ce projet de grande envergure, soutenu par le NIH depuis 2005, vise à établir un système intégré et dynamique de bases de données dédié à l'étude et à la prédiction des interactions entre protéines et permettre ainsi d'améliorer nos connaissances des interactions et de développer des outils de prédiction plus fiables. Ce travail a été effectué au sein de l'équipe du Pr. Ilya Vakser à l'Université de Stony Brook, NY, USA. Dans la réalisation de cette première base de données, un ensemble de programmes collectent, classent et annotent les complexes protéiques qui ont été co-cristallisés (données sur la séquence, la fonction, le repliement 3D, les particularités telles qu'une fixation à de l'ADN, ...). Ensuite, j'ai mis en œuvre une sélection dynamique des représentants des complexes contenus dans cette base. Les représentants sont essentiels pour éviter une surreprésentation de certaines familles de protéines. Cette base de donnée est accessible par Internet et est régulièrement mise à jour (http://dockground.bioinformatics.ku.edu). Le projet DOCKGROUND va être poursuivi par la réalisation de 3 autres bases de données qui s'ancreront sur la présente appelée ‘Bound-Bound'.
L'objectif principal de mes travaux est d'identifier de nouveaux composés bio-actifs afin de comprendre le fonctionnement de leur cible dans un contexte biologique. Les méthodes que j'utilise se basent sur la chémoinformatique, le criblage virtuel et le de novo ‘drug design'. Dans le cadre de ce dernier, j'ai mis au point un programme propriétaire LEA3D (‘Ligand by Evolutionary Algorithm' 3D). Le programme génère des petites molécules à partir de la combinaison de fragments moléculaires issus de drogues et de molécules ‘bio' (substrats ou produits de réactions enzymatiques). Le criblage virtuel basé sur la structure protéique et le de novo ‘drug design' par LEA3D, ont été appliqués avec succès à la thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPK) de Mycobacterium tuberculosis dans le cadre d'une collaboration avec une équipe de chimistes et de biologistes de l'Institut Pasteur. De nouvelles familles d'inhibiteurs ont été identifiées dont un inhibiteur synthétique trois fois plus affin que le substrat naturel. Plusieurs publications et une demande de brevet couvrent les résultats de ces recherches. Dans la continuité de ces travaux, je m'intéresse maintenant, plus particulièrement, à développer des stratégies de criblages de fragments (molécules de petit poids moléculaire). Il a été montré que de petites chimiothèques contenant des petites molécules polaires sont plus efficaces pour identifier des touches. Ce travail doit être réalisé conjointement avec des criblages structuraux expérimentaux comme la RMN ou la diffraction des rayons X. Ces derniers se posent comme une alternative aux tests in vitro avec pour avantage de donner une information détaillée, au niveau atomique, des interactions entre le ligand et sa cible. S'ensuit une étape d'optimisation/maturation des touches en ligands plus élaborés et plus affins par l'utilisation d'outils de chémoinformatique.
Bernauer, Julie. "Utilisation de la tessellation de Voronoï pour l'étude des complexes protéine-protéine". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804990.
Texto completoXicluna, Jérôme. "Régulations des canaux potassiques par des interactions protéine-protéine chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20220.
Texto completo