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Şilil, Mehtap Kaçmaz, Serdar Sargın, Aziz Atik, Gökhan Meriç, Muhammet Özer, and Devrim Akseki. "Comparison of Knee Proprioception Between Blind and Healthy Sportsmen." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00177.
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Objectives: Visual sense and proprioception have a big role in motion control. Visual communication ensures the data in proprioceptive period. The other senses of blind people are improved because of the lack of the visual ability but there are not enough data for the proprioceptive quality. The purpose of this study is to compare the knee joint proprioception of the blind and normal sportsmen and figure out the prorioceptive quality. Methods: 16 visually-challenged sportsmen (12 males and 4 females) with an average age 23.6 ±3.1(ranging from 20 to 30), and 16 healthy sportsmen (12 males and 4 females) with an average age 23.5 ±3.5 (ranging from 20 to 29) from the same sport branches were included in the study. Knee joint proprioception of the subjects in the target angle was measured. Angle repeating test was used via digital goniometer which was sensitive to 1 degree. For the statistical analyses of the data Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests were used. Results: There were no differences between knee proprioceptions of dominant and non-dominant extremities in both groups. When dominant extremities were compared, blind athletes got less wrong in 15 degrees measurements statistically (p<0.05). All other comparisons revealed no statisticaly significant difference in both groups. Conclusion: It has been determined that the knee joint proprioception of the visually-challenged sportsmen are better than the normal sportsmen. If the normal sportsmen do the training with their eyes closed, the quality of their knee joint proprioception may improve.
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Héroux, Martin E., Annie A. Butler, Lucy S. Robertson, Georgia Fisher, and Simon C. Gandevia. "Proprioception: a new look at an old concept." Journal of Applied Physiology 132, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00809.2021.
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Proprioception, which can be defined as the awareness of the mechanical and spatial state of the body and its musculoskeletal parts, is critical to motor actions and contributes to our sense of body ownership. To date, clinical proprioceptive tests have focused on a person’s ability to detect, discriminate, or match limb positions or movements, and reveal that the strength of the relationship between deficits in proprioception and physical function varies widely. Unfortunately, these tests fail to assess higher-level proprioceptive abilities. In this Perspective, we propose that to understand fully the link between proprioception and function, we need to look beyond traditional clinical tests of proprioception. Specifically, we present a novel framework for human proprioception assessment that is divided into two categories: low-level and high-level proprioceptive judgments. Low-level judgments are those made in a single frame of reference and are the types of judgments made in traditional proprioceptive tests (i.e., detect, discriminate or match). High-level proprioceptive abilities involve proprioceptive judgments made in a different frame of reference. For example, when a person indicates where their hand is located in space. This framework acknowledges that proprioception is complex and multifaceted and that tests of proprioception should not be viewed as interchangeable, but rather as complimentary. Crucially, it provides structure to the way researchers and clinicians can approach proprioception and its assessment. We hope this Perspective serves as the catalyst for discussion and new lines of investigation.
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Ager, Amanda L., Dorien Borms, Magali Bernaert, Vicky Brusselle, Mazarine Claessens, Jean-Sébastien Roy, and Ann Cools. "Can a Conservative Rehabilitation Strategy Improve Shoulder Proprioception? A Systematic Review." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 136–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2019-0400.
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Context: Proprioception deficits contribute to persistent and recurring physical disability, particularly with shoulder disorders. Proprioceptive training is thus prescribed in clinical practice. It is unclear whether nonsurgical rehabilitation can optimize shoulder proprioception. Objectives: To summarize the available evidence of conservative rehabilitation (ie, nonsurgical) on proprioception among individuals with shoulder disorders. Evidence Acquisition: PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO were systematically searched, from inception until November 24, 2019. Selected articles were systematically assessed, and the methodological quality was established using the Dutch Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were utilized for this review. The conservative treatments were categorized as follows: (1) conventional therapy, (2) proprioceptive training, (3) elastic kinesiology tape, and (4) other passive therapies. Evidence Synthesis: Twelve articles were included, yielding 58 healthy control shoulders and 362 shoulders affected by impingement syndrome, glenohumeral dislocations, nonspecific shoulder pain, rotator cuff dysfunction, or subluxation poststroke. The level of agreement between the evaluators was excellent (84.9%), and the studies were evaluated to be of fair to excellent quality (risk of bias: 28.5%–100%). This review suggests, with moderate evidence, that proprioceptive training (upper-body wobble board or flexible foil training) can improve proprioception in the midterm. No decisive evidence exists to suggest that conventional therapy is of added value to enhance shoulder proprioception. Conflicting evidence was found for the improvement of proprioception with the application of elastic kinesiology tape, while moderate evidence suggests that passive modalities, such as microcurrent electrical stimulation and bracing, are not effective for proprioceptive rehabilitation of the shoulder. Conclusions: Proprioceptive training demonstrates the strongest evidence for the effective rehabilitation of individuals with a shoulder proprioceptive deficit. Elastic kinesiology tape does not appear to affect the sense of shoulder proprioception. This review suggests a possible specificity of training effect with shoulder proprioception.
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Ito, Yohei, Keitaro Kawai, Yoshifumi Morita, Tadashi Ito, Kazunori Yamazaki, Yoshiji Kato, and Yoshihito Sakai. "Evaluation Method of Immediate Effect of Local Vibratory Stimulation on Proprioceptive Control Strategy: A Pilot Study." Electronics 10, no. 3 (February 1, 2021): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10030341.
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Postural instability owing to poor proprioception is considered a main cause of low back pain and falls. However, the effect of local vibratory stimulation on a poor proprioceptor on proprioceptive control strategy has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, in this study, we proposed an evaluation method of the immediate effect on proprioceptive control strategies by applying local vibratory stimulation to the poor proprioceptor. First, using our device, we determined the poor proprioceptors in each of six elderly patients with non-specific low back pain. Furthermore, we applied local vibratory stimulation to the poor proprioceptor. Finally, we compared the proprioceptive control strategy before and after applying local vibratory stimulation. As a result, the proprioceptive control strategy improved for three patients with impaired muscle spindles that responded to a higher frequency (p < 0.05). Thus, the impaired proprioceptive control strategy caused by a decline in the muscle spindle responding to a higher frequency might be improved by local vibratory stimulation. Furthermore, it was shown that our developed device and protocol might be used to evaluate proprioceptive control strategies within multiple frequency ranges, as well as activate a poor proprioceptor based on diagnosis and improve the proprioceptive control strategies.
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Batson, Glenna. "Upate on Proprioception." Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 13, no. 2 (June 2009): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x0901300201.
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Proprioception is a topic of interest within the larger scope of dance pedagogy, science, and rehabilitation. As the science of proprioception changes, approaches to proprioceptive training also change. Thus, proprioceptive training in dance medicine has expanded to include balance protocols. A key concept within these protocols for treatment of lower extremity injuries is perturbation. Perturbation training is designed to evoke focal neuromuscular control at injured joint sites, as well as more global postural responses for overall balance and coordination. This article provides an update on the science of proprioception within the framework of postural control and balance. Specific practices from rehabilitation that integrate balance exercises into proprioceptive training are considered. Further research is needed to test the efficacy and utility of these exercises within the context of the dance studio.
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Riquelme, Inmaculada, Samar M. Hatem, Álvaro Sabater-Gárriz, Elisabeth Martín-Jiménez, and Pedro Montoya. "Proprioception, Emotion and Social Responsiveness in Children with Developmental Disorders: An Exploratory Study in Autism Spectrum Disorder, Cerebral Palsy and Different Neurodevelopmental Situations." Children 11, no. 6 (June 13, 2024): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children11060719.
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Proprioception has long been linked with emotional dysregulation in neurotypical adults. Neuropediatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebral palsy (CP) are distinct entities and yet both present with deficits and challenges in sensory processing and the regulation of emotions. This study aimed to explore the relationship between proprioception and emotional–social performance in children and to compare proprioception and emotional–social performance in different underlying neurodevelopmental conditions. For this purpose, this cross-sectional study included 42 children with ASD, 34 children with CP and 50 typically developing peers. Proprioceptive acuity, proprioceptive reactive behavior as well as emotion regulation and social responsiveness were assessed. The results show a significant correlation between proprioceptive deficits and emotional difficulties in this pediatric sample, with distinct proprioceptive impairment patterns according to the underlying neurological disorder. Children with CP showed significant emotional knowledge deficits, while children with ASD predominantly showed challenges in social responsiveness. These data thus suggest a differentiated impact of proprioception on emotional–social performance in neurodevelopmental disorders and highlight proprioception as a potential therapeutic target for balancing emotion regulation in children with neurodevelopmental conditions.
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Lv, Shi, Yang Chen, Mingliang Liu, Lei Qin, Ziyuan Liu, Wenxin Liu, Mengmeng Cui, et al. "Progress of Proprioceptive Training in the Treatment of Traumatic Shoulder Instability." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2022 (April 22, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1429375.
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In individuals with traumatic shoulder instability, there is a loss of proprioception. This paper reviews the academic literature on shoulder instability and functional impairment in recent years and combines it with clinical practice experience to summarize several techniques of proprioceptive regeneration following traumatic shoulder instability. Many issues were discovered, including a lack of literature on the role of sensory input, a lack of basic proprioceptive research, insufficient sample size in proprioceptive research, and a lack of systematic and standardized standards for the evaluation and training of proprioception in clinical practice, among others. In the future, we will need to better understand the mechanism of proprioception and conduct research on various groups of people, with a focus on discussing the optimal intensity, frequency, and duration of various training methods, as well as implementing proprioceptive training in stages throughout the rehabilitation process. The reestablishment of shoulder joint function, the restoration of proprioception, and the enhancement of daily activities are all critical.
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Han, Jia, Judith Anson, Gordon Waddington, Roger Adams, and Yu Liu. "The Role of Ankle Proprioception for Balance Control in relation to Sports Performance and Injury." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/842804.
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Balance control improvement is one of the most important goals in sports and exercise. Better balance is strongly positively associated with enhanced athletic performance and negatively associated with lower limb sports injuries. Proprioception plays an essential role in balance control, and ankle proprioception is arguably the most important. This paper reviews ankle proprioception and explores synergies with balance control, specifically in a sporting context. Central processing of ankle proprioceptive information, along with other sensory information, enables integration for balance control. When assessing ankle proprioception, the most generalizable findings arise from methods that are ecologically valid, allow proprioceptive signals to be integrated with general vision in the central nervous system, and reflect the signal-in-noise nature of central processing. Ankle proprioceptive intervention concepts driven by such a central processing theory are further proposed and discussed for the improvement of balance control in sport.
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Nagornaya, Alexandra. "The Language of the "Secret Sense": On the Linguistic Study of Proprioception." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije 23, no. 6 (December 31, 2024): 219–31. https://doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2024.6.16.
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The paper considers the possibility of linguistic research into proprioception – the perception of the body boundaries, its position, balance and movement in space. The study of proprioception is presented as part of the general paradigm of Sensory Linguistics and is regarded as one of its main priorities. Starting from the classical definition of proprioception as a "secret sense" proposed by Ch. Sherrington, the author identifies the factors that impede its cognitive processing, verbalization and scientific analysis. The paper describes the phenomenological properties of proprioception as a pre-reflexive bodily experience, substantiates the need for its differentiation from interoception, demonstrates its role in the formation of subjective experience, analyzes different approaches to its definition within natural sciences and arts. It further looks into the inner form of the term "proprioception" to reveal a link between this type of sensory experience, the formation of identity and the normal mode of human functioning as an integral bodily and spiritual being. The paper proposes a few lines of linguistic research into proprioception. Among them are the inventory of proprioceptive terminology, the analysis of semantic features and functions of perceptonyms, research into metaphor as the key means of conceptualizing proprioceptive experience, and the study of syntactic structures used in verbalizing proprioceptive sensations.
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Morris, Amy, and Fang Jiang. "Is there Proprioceptive Comfort?" Journal of Kinesiology & Wellness 14, no. 1 (May 6, 2025): 9–13. https://doi.org/10.56980/jkw.v14i1.161.
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Sensory comfort, the idea that certain stimuli lead to positive feelings (e.g., calmness, relief, joy), has been well established for 'external' senses like vision and audition. However, despite 'internal' senses such as proprioception, the sense behind one's body position and movement, being well studied, their respective sensory comfort (and perhaps the lack of) has been virtually unexplored. Here, previous work related to the potential of proprioceptive comfort is reviewed to provide context as to whether proprioceptive comfort truly exists. From the basis of sensory comfort provided by body movement, pain relief, proprioceptive art, and their relationships with proprioception, the argument is made that proprioceptive comfort does exist. This opens the door for research expanding on its characteristics and having major implications for supplementing and revitalizing proprioceptive comfort in individuals with impaired proprioception.
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Dragičević-Cvjetković, Dragana, Tatjana Erceg-Rukavina, and Siniša Nikolić. "Proprioception recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Isokinetic versus dynamic exercises." Scripta Medica 52, no. 4 (2021): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/scriptamed52-35239.
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Background/Aim: Proprioception recovery is one of the main postoperative rehabilitation goals after the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The aim of this study was to examine the level of proprioception recovery in patients 9 months after the ACL reconstruction using hamstring graft. Methods: A prospective study followed 70 male subjects (mean age 27.36 ± 5.94) divided into two groups depending on the type of proprioceptive exercise applied. Group A patients (n = 35) underwent proprioceptive training on a Biodex 4 Pro System isokinetic dynamometer for 10 minutes 5 times per week. In group B, patients underwent proprioception exercises in the gym for 10 minutes 5 times per week. The degree of recovery of proprioception was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer preoperatively and 9 months after ACL reconstruction. Flexion angles in the operated knee of 15, 30 and 45 degrees were monitored. The Chi-square test was used for statistical analyses. The value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A significant difference was found in the recovery of proprioception in patients depending on the type of training applied. Statistically significant recovery of proprioception was observed in patients from both groups 9 months after ACL reconstruction, but it was better in patients of group A (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Applying proprioceptive training on an isokinetic dynamometer achieves better proprioceptive recovery in patients 9 months after ACL reconstruction versus dynamic exercises in the gym.
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Cornella-Barba, Guillem, Andria J. Farrens, Christopher A. Johnson, Luis Garcia-Fernandez, Vicky Chan, and David J. Reinkensmeyer. "Using a Webcam to Assess Upper Extremity Proprioception: Experimental Validation and Application to Persons Post Stroke." Sensors 24, no. 23 (November 21, 2024): 7434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24237434.
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Many medical conditions impair proprioception but there are few easy-to-deploy technologies for assessing proprioceptive deficits. Here, we developed a method—called “OpenPoint”—to quantify upper extremity (UE) proprioception using only a webcam as the sensor. OpenPoint automates a classic neurological test: the ability of a person to use one hand to point to a finger on their other hand with vision obscured. Proprioception ability is quantified with pointing error in the frontal plane measured by a deep-learning-based, computer vision library (MediaPipe). In a first experiment with 40 unimpaired adults, pointing error significantly increased when we replaced the target hand with a fake hand, verifying that this task depends on the availability of proprioceptive information from the target hand, and that we can reliably detect this dependence with computer vision. In a second experiment, we quantified UE proprioceptive ability in 16 post-stroke participants. Individuals post stroke exhibited increased pointing error (p < 0.001) that was correlated with finger proprioceptive error measured with an independent, robotic assessment (r = 0.62, p = 0.02). These results validate a novel method to assess UE proprioception ability using affordable computer technology, which provides a potential means to democratize quantitative proprioception testing in clinical and telemedicine environments.
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Aydın, Emine Büşra. "Investigation of proprioceptive sense in team and individual athletes." Journal of ROL Sport Sciences 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 397–409. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13285329.
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Proprioception is important for both athletic success and the post-injury process. This study aims to examine the proprioceptive senses of team athletes and individual athletes in different branches. A total of 250 volunteer athletes from Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Sports Sciences participated in the study. The athletes were selected from soccer, basketball, volleyball, handball, taekwondo, tennis, athletics and other individual branches (boxing, kickboxing, karate, wushu, muaythai). The mean age of the students was 20.44±1.73. In the study, dominant shoulder, non-dominant shoulder, dominant knee, and non-dominant knee proprioception measurements of the athletes were made. Since the data did not show a normal distribution, Kruskal Wallis test was used in comparisons between groups. Dunn’s multiple comparison test was used for subgroup comparisons. Mann Whitney U test was preferred for paired group comparisons. According to results proprioceptive sense is not differ according to gender (p>0.05). Dominant and non-dominant knee proprioceptive senses of team athletes were better than individual athletes (p<0.05). Participants who did regular weight training had better non-dominant knee proprioception than those who did not (p<0.05). Proprioceptive senses of both knees of soccer players were more developed than volleyball players (p<0.05). Soccer players had better non-dominant knee proprioception than handball players, and basketball players had better non-dominant knee proprioception than volleyball players (p<0.05). Proprioceptive sense of both knees or shoulder joints did not differ according to individual branches (p>0.05). Proprioceptive sense varies in athletes according to their branches.
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Ribeiro Artigas, Nathalie, Giovana Duarte Eltz, Alexandre Severo do Pinho, Vanessa Bielefeldt Leotti Torman, Arlete Hilbig, and Carlos R. M. Rieder. "Evaluation of Knee Proprioception and Factors Related to Parkinson’s Disease." Neuroscience Journal 2016 (September 8, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6746010.
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Background. Changes in proprioception may contribute to postural instability in individuals with neurological disorders. Objectives. Evaluate proprioception in the lower limbs of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and the association between proprioception and cognitive ability, motor symptoms, postural instability, and disease severity. Methods. This is a cross-sectional, controlled study that evaluated proprioception in PD patients and healthy age- and sex-matched individuals. Kinetic postural proprioception of the knee was evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer (Biodex® Multi-Joint System 4 Pro). Participants were evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the Hoehn and Yahr rating scale and postural instability (pull test and stabilometric analysis), and motor function (UPDRS-III) tests. Results. A total of 40 individuals were enrolled in the study: 20 PD patients and 20 healthy controls (CG). The PD patients had higher angular errors on the proprioceptive ratings than the CG participants (p=0.002). Oscillations of the center of pressure (p=0.002) were higher in individuals with PD than in the controls. Proprioceptive errors in the PD patients were associated with the presence of tremors as the dominant symptom and more impaired motor performance. Conclusion. These findings show that individuals with PD have proprioceptive deficits, which are related to decreased cognitive ability and impaired motor symptoms.
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Lewis, R. F., D. S. Zee, B. M. Gaymard, and B. L. Guthrie. "Extraocular muscle proprioception functions in the control of ocular alignment and eye movement conjugacy." Journal of Neurophysiology 72, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1994.72.2.1028.
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1. The function of extraocular muscle proprioception in the control of eye movements is uncertain. We tested the hypothesis that proprioception contributes to the long-term regulation of ocular alignment and eye movement conjugacy. 2. Eye movements were recorded in monkeys with unilateral extraocular muscle palsies, before and after proprioceptive deafferentation of the paretic eye. Following deafferentation, ocular alignment and saccade conjugacy gradually worsened over several weeks. In contrast, disconjugate adaptation induced by habitual binocular viewing with a prism (disparity-mediated adaptation) occurred normally after deafferentation. 3. These results provide the first evidence that proprioception functions in the control of eye movements in primates, and indicate that proprioception contributes to the long-term adaptive mechanisms that regulate ocular alignment during fixation and saccades. The error signal used in this process may be derived from a mismatch between the efference copy and proprioceptive afference.
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Silumesii, Lili. "Peripheral and Central Contributions to Age-Related Proprioceptive Decline, Clinical Implications and Management." Galore International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 9, no. 4 (January 8, 2025): 27–54. https://doi.org/10.52403/gijhsr.20240403.
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Introduction: Proprioception is the body’s ability to perceive its position and movement in space, crucial for maintaining balance and coordination, especially in older adults. As individuals age, both peripheral and central mechanisms of proprioception decline. Peripheral contributions include sensory mechanisms in muscle spindles and cutaneous mechanoreceptors, vital for joint position sense. This decline can lead to balance disturbances and increased fall risk. Central contributions involve neuroanatomical changes, neurochemical alterations, and cognitive factors such as decreased memory, obstructing effective proprioceptive integration. Methods: The search utilised key databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC) BioMed Central (BMC) along with various grey literature sources, to gather a comprehensive range of information. Clinical implications: Impaired proprioception can decrease postural control and balance, increasing fall risk and associated chronic pain conditions. Interventions: Evidence highlights the effectiveness of technological advancements, personalised physical activity programmes, and proprioceptive training strategies. Collaborative efforts among healthcare professionals are vital for creating comprehensive care plans. Conclusion: Age-related proprioceptive decline significantly impacts balance and functional independence in older adults. Effective interventions to preserve proprioceptive function and reduce fall risk are crucial. A multifaceted approach that includes targeted training and interdisciplinary collaboration can enhance outcomes and support a more active life for older individuals. Future research should address literature gaps through longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials to evaluate intervention effectiveness and advancements in technologies like virtual reality. A holistic approach involving interdisciplinary collaboration among healthcare professionals is essential. Keywords: Proprioception, ageing, balance, risk of falls, proprioception interventions
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Safran, Marc R., George L. Caldwell, and Freddie H. Fu. "Proprioception Considerations in Surgery." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (February 1994): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.1.105.
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The role of surgery in proprioception, and the current role of proprioception in surgery, is unclear due to the lack of scientific research and clinical studies. The main components of proprioception in surgery are viewed to be preservation of afferents, promotion of regeneration of mechanoreceptors, and modification of protective reflex arcs in the postoperative patient. Soft tissue tension is hypothesized to be important in the efficiency of proprioceptors. Further, postoperative rehabilitation concentrating on proprioception may improve the results of surgery. With better understanding by clinicians, proprioception may play a bigger role in surgical technique, prosthetic replacement choice, and even indications for surgery. Further, proprioceptive testing may help determine the time course for optimal functional outcome following procedures. Thus, the future for proprioception in surgery and clinical application is expanding rapidly.
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Chilvers, Matthew J., Trevor A. Low, and Sean P. Dukelow. "Beyond the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus in Proprioception and Stroke: A White Matter Investigation." Brain Sciences 12, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12121651.
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Proprioceptive deficits are common following stroke, yet the white matter involved in proprioception is poorly understood. Evidence suggests that multiple cortical regions are involved in proprioception, each connected by major white matter tracts, namely: Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (branches I, II and III), Arcuate Fasciculus and Middle Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF I, SLF II, SLF III, AF and MdLF respectively). However, direct evidence on the involvement of these tracts in proprioception is lacking. Diffusion imaging was used to investigate the proprioceptive role of the SLF I, SLF II, SLF III, AF and MdLF in 26 participants with stroke, and seven control participants without stroke. Proprioception was assessed using a robotic Arm Position Matching (APM) task, performed in a Kinarm Exoskeleton robotic device. Lesions impacting each tract resulted in worse APM task performance. Lower Fractional Anisotropy (FA) was also associated with poorer APM task performance for the SLF II, III, AF and MdLF. Finally, connectivity data surrounding the cortical regions connected by each tract accurately predicted APM task impairments post-stroke. This study highlights the importance of major cortico–cortical white matter tracts, particularly the SLF III and AF, for accurate proprioception after stroke. It advances our understanding of the white matter tracts responsible for proprioception.
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Alfaya, Fareed F., Ravi Shankar Reddy, Batool Abdulelah Alkhamis, Praveen Kumar Kandakurti, and Debjani Mukherjee. "Shoulder Proprioception and Its Correlation with Pain Intensity and Functional Disability in Individuals with Subacromial Impingement Syndrome—A Cross-Sectional Study." Diagnostics 13, no. 12 (June 17, 2023): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13122099.
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Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SAIS) is a common shoulder condition characterized by pain and functional impairment. Proprioception, the sense of joint position and movement, is crucial in maintaining joint stability and coordinating movements. The relationship between shoulder proprioception, pain intensity, and functional disability in individuals with SAIS remains unclear, with conflicting findings in the literature. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate shoulder proprioception, examine its correlation with pain intensity and functional disability, and contribute to our understanding of the clinical implications of proprioceptive deficits in individuals with SAIS. Forty-two individuals were diagnosed with SAIS, and an equal number of asymptomatic controls were recruited. Shoulder proprioception was assessed using a digital inclinometer, measuring joint position sense at various angles of flexion and rotation. Pain intensity was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional disability was assessed using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI). Results: Individuals with SAIS exhibited significantly higher joint position error (JPE) values compared to asymptomatic controls in all measured angles of flexion and rotation (p < 0.001). Strong positive correlations were observed between JPE and pain intensity (r = 0.61 to 0.71, p < 0.01) and disability (r = 0.56 to 0.68, p < 0.01). These findings suggest impaired shoulder proprioception is associated with higher pain intensity and functional disability in SAIS. This study provides evidence of impaired shoulder proprioception in individuals with SAIS and its correlation with pain intensity and functional disability. The results highlight the clinical relevance of proprioceptive deficits in SAIS and emphasize the importance of incorporating proprioceptive assessment and targeted rehabilitation interventions into managing this condition. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies with larger and more diverse samples to further understand the underlying mechanisms and evaluate the effectiveness of proprioceptive interventions in improving outcomes for individuals with SAIS.
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Block, Hannah J., and Brandon M. Sexton. "Visuo-Proprioceptive Control of the Hand in Older Adults." Multisensory Research 34, no. 1 (July 20, 2020): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-bja10032.
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Abstract To control hand movement, we have both vision and proprioception, or position sense. The brain is known to integrate these to reduce variance. Here we ask whether older adults integrate vision and proprioception in a way that minimizes variance as young adults do, and whether older subjects compensate for an imposed visuo-proprioceptive mismatch as young adults do. Ten healthy older adults (mean age 69) and 10 healthy younger adults (mean age 19) participated. Subjects were asked to estimate the position of visual, proprioceptive, and combined targets, with no direct vision of either hand. After a veridical baseline block, a spatial visuo-proprioceptive misalignment was gradually imposed by shifting the visual component forward from the proprioceptive component without the subject’s awareness. Older subjects were more variable than young subjects at estimating both visual and proprioceptive target positions. Older subjects tended to rely more heavily on vision than proprioception compared to younger subjects. However, the weighting of vision vs. proprioception was correlated with minimum variance predictions for both older and younger adults, suggesting that variance-minimizing mechanisms are present to some degree in older adults. Visual and proprioceptive realignment were similar for young and older subjects in the misalignment block, suggesting older subjects are able to realign as much as young subjects. These results suggest that intact multisensory processing in older adults should be explored as a potential means of mitigating degradation in individual sensory systems.
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PV, Abhilash, Milan Dhungana, and Shreya Shetty. "Comparison Between Cervical Proprioception and Flexor Endurance in Asymptomatic Individuals with and Without Forward Head Posture." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 8 (August 21, 2024): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240828.
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Background: Cervical proprioception and endurance are important elements to aid in injury prevention, support the functional movement, maintain proper posture, and promote overall health. Enhancing cervical proprioception and strengthening cervical muscles to enhance endurance can help to achieve better stability and mobility, thereby improving overall posture, physical performance, and health Objective: This study aims to compare cervical proprioception and cervical flexor endurance in students with and without forward head posture. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy students aged 20 to 24 years participated in the study. The participants were divided into two groups according to their CV angle. If the CV angle was more than 48, then those students were allocated to group A, i.e., neutral head posture (NHP) and if it was less than 48 then, the students were in group B, i.e., forward head posture (FHP). Cervical proprioception was assessed using the head repositioning accuracy test, and cervical muscle endurance was evaluated using the pressure biofeedback for cervical endurance. Statistical Analysis: The Shapiro-Wilk test was conducted to assess the normality of the data from the cervical proprioception test and cervical muscle endurance. These data were summarized using mean and standard deviation and an Independent T-Test was used to compare proprioception and cervical muscle endurance. Results: The mean value of cervical flexor endurance is higher in group A (142±15.5) when compared to group B (79±10.6) and cervical proprioception is lower in group A (4.7±1.16) when compared to group B (6.8±2.25). There is a significant difference between cervical proprioception (t== -2.9, p== 0.08) and cervical flexor endurance (t== 3.3, p== 0.03) in asymptomatic college students with and without FHP, indicating that individuals with forward heads have both lower endurance and lower proprioceptive accuracy than those without forward heads. Conclusion: Cervical flexor endurance is comparatively higher in NHP and proprioceptive measurement is comparatively less in FHP indicating that NHP have better cervical head proprioception and endurance. Key words: Body position, Muscle Strength, Neck Muscles, Proprioception.
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Özer, Muhammet, Haydar Kaynak, Aziz Atik, Mehtap Kaçmaz Şilil, Muammer Altun, and Devrim Akseki. "Comparison of Ankle Proprioception Between Blind and Healthy Athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00156.
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Objectives: The positive effect of the visual sensation on the proprioceptive quality is well known. Although other senses of the congenital blind individuals have been proven to be increased more than healthy ones, there has been no data about the proprioceptive quality of congenital blind persons. The aim of this study is to determine the quality of ankle proprioception in congenital blind athletes. Methods: 15 congenital blind athletes (10 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 24 ± 2.9 (ranging from 20 to 29), and 15 healthy athletes (10 males and 5 females) with a mean age of 24.6 ± 3.05 (ranging from 20 to 29), from the same athletic department, were included in the study. Proprioception was evaluated by using the technique of joint position sense, and absolut errors during the reproduction of six target angles (plantar flexion 100, dorsiflexion 50, inversion 100 and 200, eversion 100 and 200) were detected in dominant and nondominant ankles of both groups. Athletes were measured both eyes open and closed. Statistical analysis was done by using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks tests. Results: When dominant extremities were compared while eyes open, there was only a difference in 50 dorsiflexion measurements statistically in favor of blind ones (p<0.05). When dominant extremities were compared while eyes closed, blind athletes got less wrong in four of the six target angles statistically (p<0.01), when non-dominant extremities were compared while eyes closed, blind athletes got less wrong in all angles statistically (p<0.01). The ankle proprioception of the blind athletes were better then the normal athletes. The ankle propriceptions of the normal athletes further deteriorated when their eyes were closed. Conclusion: We found that the ankle proprioceptions of congenital blind athletes were better than the normal athletes. So additional closed-eyes exercises can help to reach a high proprioceptive level of athletes in a normal season which in terms may decrease accidental traumas.
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Tedeschi, Roberto. "Assessment of Postural Control and Proprioception Using the Delos Postural Proprioceptive System." Reabilitacijos mokslai: slauga, kineziterapija, ergoterapija 2, no. 29 (December 1, 2023): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.33607/rmske.v2i29.1428.
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Background. Proper postural control and proprioception are essential for maintaining balance, preventing falls, and performing daily activities. Traditional methods of assessing postural control and proprioceptive function often lack objectivity and precision. The DPPS offers a promising solution by providing a quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of postural stability and proprioceptive performance.
 Methods. The DPPS utilises advanced sensor technology and computerised analysis to measure various parameters related to postural control, including stability indexes, weight distribution, sway patterns, and proprioceptive responses. It incorporates both static and dynamic tests, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of postural control in different conditions.
 Results. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of the DPPS in evaluating postural control and proprioception in various populations, such as athletes, older adults, individuals with balance disorders, and patients undergoing rehabilitation. The DPPS has shown good reliability and validity, with its measurements correlating well with other established assessment tools. It has also proven to be sensitive in detecting changes in postural control and proprioceptive function over time.
 Conclusions. The DPPS represents a valuable tool for objective assessment and monitoring of postural control and proprioceptive function. Its ability to provide quantitative data in a reliable and sensitive manner makes it an attractive option for researchers, clinicians, and rehabilitation professionals. By enhancing our understanding of postural control and proprioception, the DPPS can contribute to the development of targeted interventions and personalised treatment strategies aimed at improving balance, preventing falls, and optimising functional performance.
 Keywords: Delos Postural Proprioceptive System, Postural control, Proprioception, Assessment, Balance.
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Bąkowski, Paweł, Kinga Ciemniewska-Gorzela, Kamilla Bąkowska-Żywicka, Łukasz Stołowski, and Tomasz Piontek. "Similar Outcomes and Satisfaction of the Proprioceptive versus Standard Training on the Knee Function and Proprioception, Following the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 3494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083494.
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Background: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries have poorer proprioception than people without such injuries. The effects of proprioceptive training on knee functionality and proprioceptive improvement after ACL reconstruction is still unclear. Methods: The research material consisted of 40 patients after ACL reconstruction. Of the 40 patients, 20 of them were rehabilitated with a standard program and 20 with additional proprioceptive exercises. The subjective and the objective scores were evaluated. Results: No differences were found between the proprioceptive versus the conservative postoperative rehabilitation in the functional nor in the proprioception outcomes of the operated limbs. Conclusions: There is no advantage to function in doing proprioceptive rehabilitation exercises following the ACL reconstruction, when compared with a traditional strengthening program.
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Sakai, Yoshihito, Yoshifumi Morita, Keitaro Kawai, Jo Fukuhara, Tadashi Ito, Kazunori Yamazaki, Tsuyoshi Watanabe, Norimitsu Wakao, and Hiroki Matsui. "Targeted vibratory therapy as a treatment for proprioceptive dysfunction: Clinical trial in older patients with chronic low back pain." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 19, 2024): e0306898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306898.
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Introduction Proprioceptive function declines with age, leading to falls, pain, and difficulties in performing activities of daily living among older adults. Although individuals with low back pain (LBP) exhibit decreased lumbosacral proprioception in various postures, the mechanism by which reduced proprioceptive function causes LBP remains uncertain. Vibratory stimulation may enhance proprioceptive function; however, its efficacy in treating LBP has not been investigated. Thus, we investigated the feasibility of improving proprioceptive function and its effect on alleviating chronic LBP in older patients through targeted vibratory therapy (TVT) administration. Methods This single arm designed trial included older patients aged >65 years with non-specific chronic LBP. TVT involved applying vibratory stimulation, matching the frequency of dysfunctional receptors, for 1 min daily over 14 days to activate proprioceptors; patients performed TVT three times daily at home. In cases of reduced proprioceptive function at multiple sites, TVT was aimed at the lowest frequency band value. LBP and proprioceptive function were evaluated at 2 weeks after TVT and at 2 weeks after the end of TVT in patients with declined proprioception in the trunk or lower extremities. Results Overall, 56 patients with chronic LBP were enrolled; 32 patients were recruited for treatment based on a proprioceptive dysfunction diagnosis and 24 patients were recruited with a normal diagnosis with no significant differences observed between the two sets of patients in sarcopenia-related factors and clinical proprioception-related characteristics. No patient had any adverse events. Two weeks after TVT, the numerical pain rating scale score improved to <3 points in 78.1% of patients, with 73.1% of patients achieving a score of ≤ 3 points. Proprioceptive function improved in 81.3% of cases, and engagement in activities of daily living improved significantly. Conclusions TVT demonstrated efficacy in improving proprioception and alleviating LBP in older patients with impaired proprioceptive function without affecting non-targeted proprioceptors.
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Fisher, Georgia, Camila Quel de Oliveira, Arianne Verhagen, Simon Gandevia, and David Kennedy. "Proprioceptive impairment in unilateral neglect after stroke: A systematic review." SAGE Open Medicine 8 (January 2020): 205031212095107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312120951073.
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Introduction: Unilateral neglect is a debilitating condition that can occur after stroke and can affect a variety of domains and modalities, including proprioception. Proprioception is a sensorimotor process essential to motor function and is thus important to consider in unilateral neglect. To date, there has not been a comprehensive review of studies examining the various aspects of proprioceptive impairment in unilateral neglect after stroke. This review aimed to determine if people with unilateral neglect have more severe proprioceptive impairments than those without unilateral neglect after stroke. Methods: The MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to September 2019 using an a priori search strategy. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts and full texts, and extracted data from the included full texts. A third reviewer resolved disagreements at each step. Risk of bias was assessed using the AXIS Quality Assessment tool. Results: A total of 191 abstracts were identified, with 56 eligible for full-text screening. A total of 18 studies were included in the review and provided evidence that people with unilateral neglect have more severe proprioceptive impairment than people without unilateral neglect. This impairment is present in multiple subtypes of unilateral neglect and aspects of proprioception. Most studies had a moderate risk of bias. Conclusion: People with unilateral neglect after stroke are more likely to have impaired processing of multiple types of proprioceptive information than those without unilateral neglect. However, the available evidence is limited by the large heterogeneity of assessment tools used to identify unilateral neglect and proprioception. Unilateral neglect and proprioception were rarely assessed comprehensively. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018086070.
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Terada, Kazunori, Akinori Kumazaki, Daisuke Miyata, and Akira Ito. "Haptic Length Display Based on Cutaneous-Proprioceptive Integration." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 4 (August 20, 2006): 489–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0489.
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When a human recognizes length of an object while exploring it with an index finger, both proprioception and cutaneous sensation provide information for estimating the length of the object. We studied the contribution of cutaneous sensation and proprioception to the subjective estimation of object length, developing an apparatus for investigating the human cutaneous-proprioceptive integration using velocity dependency of cutaneous and proprioceptive length perception. We conducted four experiments. In experiment 1, 12 subjects estimated object length passively, using cutaneous sensation only via the index finger. In experiment 2, ten subjects estimated the distance if index finger traveled passively without cutaneous sensation. In experiment 3, subjects used both cutaneous and proprioceptive sensation to estimate the object length. The results showed that using both senses simultaneously improves length perception. In experiment 4, 17 subjects estimated object length moving the index finger passively but with the cutaneous sensation and proprioception differing in perceived length. The results showed that subjects relied on the greater sensation if proprioceptive and cutaneous sensations were discrepant.
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CAMILO NETO, Orlando Mendes, and Fábio Mendes CAMILO. "PROPOSTA DE ROTEIRO DE TREINAMENTO PROPRIOCEPTIVO PARA MEMBROS INFERIORES." UNIFUNEC CIENTÍFICA MULTIDISCIPLINAR 12, no. 14 (February 29, 2024): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24980/ucm.v12i14.5960.
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INTRODUÇÃO: a propriocepção pode ser definida como a capacidade do indivíduo de integrar os sinais sensoriais dos mecanorreceptores e assim determinar as posições dos segmentos corporais e movimentos no espaço tridimensional, sendo essencial na percepção dos movimentos, controle muscular e estabilidade articular. A avaliação e os programas de treinamento proprioceptivos visam melhorar a consciência dos aspectos corporais, postura e mudanças no equilíbrio, sendo uma ferramenta útil na prática clínica na prevenção de lesões ou sua reincidência. OBJETIVOS: propor um roteiro evolutivo de exercícios proprioceptivos para membros inferiores baseado em uma revisão bibliográfica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: a composição deste estudo resultou de uma revisão da literatura do tipo integrativa, na qual fora realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de periódicos indexados nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS, PubMEd, Medline e livros. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Foram encontrados um total de 79 artigos, destes foram descartados 72 artigos por não contemplarem os critérios de inclusão, sendo a amostra final constituída por 8 artigos científicos. Após revisão das referências, observa-se que os autores citam e avaliam diferentes programas de treinamentos proprioceptivos afirmando, em sua maioria, sua eficácia significativa. Entretanto, não se observa uma descrição clara das formas de adoção e evolução dos exercícios e equipamentos para o treino, dificultando assim a sua reprodução. CONCLUSÃO: os autores investigados não informam detalhes sobre a execução e evolução dos roteiros mencionados, assim o presente estudo sugere um roteiro de treino proprioceptivo para membros inferiores, parcialmente embasado nas informações encontradas nesta revisão. A PROPOSAL FOR A LOWER LIMB PROPRIOCEPTIVE TRAINING ROUTINE PROGRAM ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Proprioception is defined as the individual's ability to integrate sensory signals from mechanoreceptors and thus determine the positions of body segments and movements in three-dimensional space. It is essential for the perception of movements, muscle control, and joint stability. Proprioceptive assessment and training programs aim to improve body awareness, posture, and changes in balance and are useful tools in clinical practice for preventing injuries or their re-incidence. OBJECTIVES: to propose an evolving protocol of proprioceptive exercises for the lower limbs based on a literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of this paper was the result of an integrative literature review, integrative type, in which bibliographical research was carried out using periodicals indexed in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Medline databases, and books. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: A total of 79 articles were found, of which 72 were discarded as they did not meet the inclusion criteria, and the final sample consisted of 8 scientific articles. After reviewing the references, it was found that the authors cited and evaluated different proprioceptive training programs, most of which affirmed their significant effectiveness. However, there was no clear description of how to implement and evolve the exercises and training equipment, hindering their reproduction. CONCLUSION: The authors’ research does not provide details on the application and evolution of the routines mentioned, so this study suggests a proprioceptive training program for the lower limbs, partially based on the information found in this review. Keywords: Proprioception. Training. Lower limbs.
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Indhu, R., Y. Ashraf, and R. Mahesh. "Comparing The Effectiveness of Maitland Mobilization, Proprioceptive Exercise and Conventional Therapy on Pain, Functional Ability and Proprioception in Patients with Primary Osteoarthritis Knee – A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 7 (July 9, 2024): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20240711.
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Background: Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disorder affecting the weight bearing area of the joints and the leading cause of pain and disability in world wide. Most common in the middle and elderly population and tends to worsen with age if not treated. This study is to compare the effectiveness of Maitland mobilization, proprioceptive exercise and conventional therapy on pain, functional ability and proprioception in patients with primary OA knee. Methods: It was a single blinded randomized controlled trial.29 individuals with Osteoarthritis knee with Kellgren Grade II and III, age group ranging from 40 -60 years were participated. Based on the selection criteria individuals were randomly assigned using computer software generator into three groups by simple random sampling method. Group A received Maitland mobilization, Group B received proprioceptive exercise and Group C received conventional therapy for 3 days in a week for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks the pain proprioception and functional ability were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale, modified Western Ontario and McMaster Universities and Active angle reproduction test. Conclusion: Maitland mobilization is more beneficial compared to proprioceptive exercise and Conventional therapy on pain and proprioception. Key words: Maitland mobilization, Osteoarthritis, Proprioception, Range of motion, Visual Analogue Scale
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Salamanna, Francesca, Silvio Caravelli, Laura Marchese, Melania Carniato, Emanuele Vocale, Giammarco Gardini, Giulia Puccetti, Massimiliano Mosca, and Gianluca Giavaresi. "Proprioception and Mechanoreceptors in Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2023): 6623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206623.
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Purpose: Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the world. It is frequently accompanied by high levels of persistent pain, as well as substantial impairments in function and functional capacity. This review aims to systematically analyze the changes in proprioception and related mechanoreceptors in OA patients. Methods: Studies from September 2013 to September 2023 were identified by conducting searches on the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases following the PRISMA statement. One reviewer independently assessed and screened the literature, extracted the data, and graded the studies. The body of evidence underwent an evaluation and grading process using the ROBINS-I tool, which was specifically designed to assess the risk of bias in non-randomized studies of interventions. Results were summarized using descriptive methods. Results: A search through 37 studies yielded 14 clinical studies that were ultimately included. The primary focus of the studies was on the knee joint, particularly the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The studies found that PCL in OA patients had impaired proprioceptive accuracy, possibly due to changes in mechanoreceptors (Ruffini, Pacini, and Golgi Mazzoni corpuscles). This suggests that dysfunctional articular mechanoreceptors, especially in severe cases of OA, may contribute to reduced proprioception. Dynamic stabilometry also identified significant proprioceptive deficits in patients with knee articular cartilage lesions, underscoring the impact of such lesions on knee proprioception. Conclusions: Literature data have shown that proprioceptive accuracy may play an important role in OA, particularly in the knee PCL and cartilage. However, the role of proprioception and related mechanoreceptors needs to be further clarified. Future studies focusing on the relationship between proprioception, OA disease, and symptoms, considering age and gender differences, and exploring OA joints other than the knee should be conducted to improve clinical and surgical outcomes in cases where proprioception and mechanoreceptors are impaired in OA patients.
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Quercia, Patrick, Kalvin Chavet, and Jérémie Gaveau. "Ocular and General Proprioception in Dyslexic Children: A Review of Their Diurnal and Nocturnal Dysfunctions and Their Repercussions." Vision 9, no. 2 (May 20, 2025): 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision9020044.
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We provide a summary of the research conducted in our laboratory on the relationship between ocular proprioception, general proprioception, and dyslexia. Dyslexic children show a marked proprioceptive deficit which affects motor control, attention and spatial perception. The spatial disturbances are expressed by the presence of a vertical microheterophoria which has very specific characteristics. It is associated with abnormal tone of the oblique muscles and can be modified by means of very low powered prisms and/or remote sensory stimulation. When ocular proprioception is modified, sounds cause stochastic visual losses. This may interfere with the association between phonemes and graphemes, which is necessary for learning to read. The effects of a generalized nocturnal proprioceptive disorder may play a role in the abnormal brain development that has been observed in dyslexic children.
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Goodman, Rachel, Valentin A. Crainic, Stephen R. Bested, Darrin O. Wijeyaratnam, John de Grosbois, and Luc Tremblay. "Amending Ongoing Upper-Limb Reaches: Visual and Proprioceptive Contributions?" Multisensory Research 31, no. 5 (2018): 455–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134808-00002615.
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In order to maximize the precise completion of voluntary actions, humans can theoretically utilize both visual and proprioceptive information to plan and amend ongoing limb trajectories. Although vision has been thought to be a more dominant sensory modality, research has shown that sensory feedback may be processed as a function of its relevance and reliability. As well, theoretical models of voluntary action have suggested that both vision and proprioception can be used to prepare online trajectory amendments. However, empirical evidence regarding the use of proprioception for online control has come from indirect manipulations from the sensory feedback (i.e., without directly perturbing the afferent information; e.g., visual–proprioceptive mismatch). In order to directly assess the relative contributions of visual and proprioceptive feedback to the online control of voluntary actions, direct perturbations to both vision (i.e., liquid crystal goggles) and proprioception (i.e., tendon vibration) were implemented in two experiments. The first experiment employed the manipulations while participants simply performed a rapid goal-directed movement (30 cm amplitude). Results from this first experiment yielded no significant evidence that proprioceptive feedback contributed to online control processes. The second experiment employed an imperceptible target jump to elicit online trajectory amendments. Without or with tendon vibration, participants still corrected for the target jumps. The current study provided more evidence of the importance of vision for online control but little support for the importance of proprioception for online limb–target regulation mechanisms.
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Galofaro, Elisa, Erika D’Antonio, Fabrizio Patané, Maura Casadio, and Lorenzo Masia. "Three-Dimensional Assessment of Upper Limb Proprioception via a Wearable Exoskeleton." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2021): 2615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062615.
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Proprioception—the sense of body segment’s position and movement—plays a crucial role in human motor control, integrating the sensory information necessary for the correct execution of daily life activities. Despite scientific evidence recognizes that several neurological diseases hamper proprioceptive encoding with consequent inability to correctly perform movements, proprioceptive assessment in clinical settings is still limited to standard scales. Literature on physiology of upper limb’s proprioception is mainly focused on experimental approaches involving planar setups, while the present work provides a novel paradigm for assessing proprioception during single—and multi-joint matching tasks in a three-dimensional workspace. To such extent, a six-degrees of freedom exoskeleton, ALEx-RS (Arm Light Exoskeleton Rehab Station), was used to evaluate 18 healthy subjects’ abilities in matching proprioceptive targets during combined single and multi-joint arm’s movements: shoulder abduction/adduction, shoulder flexion/extension, and elbow flexion/extension. Results provided evidence that proprioceptive abilities depend on the number of joints simultaneously involved in the task and on their anatomical location, since muscle spindles work along their preferred direction, modulating the streaming of sensory information accordingly. These findings suggest solutions for clinical sensorimotor evaluation after neurological disease, where assessing proprioceptive deficits can improve the recovery path and complement the rehabilitation outcomes.
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Bertrand-Charette, Michaël, Miorie Le Quang, Jean-Sébastien Roy, and Laurent J. Bouyer. "Alteration of ankle proprioceptive threshold during gait in the presence of acute experimental pain." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): e0263161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263161.
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Objective Human gait requires complex somatosensory processing of various inputs such as proprioception. Proprioception can be altered in the presence of pain. This has been shown mostly during controlled tasks, thereby limiting the influence of external perturbations. While controlling the environment is sometimes warranted, it limits the ecological validity of the data. Using robotic orthoses to apply perturbations during movements seems a promising tool to functionally assess proprioception, where the complex somatosensory processing required in real-life situations is at play. The main objective of this study was to compare the proprioceptive threshold of healthy participants during gait in the presence and absence of an acute experimental pain. Methods 36 healthy participants walked on a treadmill while wearing a robotized ankle–foot orthosis (rAFO) around their right ankle. The rAFO applied torque perturbations of graded magnitudes during the swing phase of gait. Participants had to report the presence/absence of such perturbations, as a measure of proprioceptive threshold. Following initial assessment, they were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: Control (no stimulation), Painless (non-nociceptive stimulation) and Painful (nociceptive stimulation). Electrodes placed on the right lateral malleolus delivered an electrical stimulation during the second assessment for Painless and Painful groups. A Kruskal-Wallis was used to compare the percentage of change of the three groups between the two assessments. Results A 31.80±32.94% increase in proprioceptive threshold, representing an increase of 1.3±1.2 Nm in the detection threshold, was observed for the Painful group only (p<0.005), with an effect size of 1.6. Conclusion Findings show that the presence of pain at the ankle can alter participants’ proprioceptive threshold during gait. Clinical assessment of proprioception should therefore carefully consider the presence of pain when evaluating a patient’s performance using clinical proprioceptive test and consider the negative effect of pain on proprioceptive threshold for test interpretation.
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Qaiser, Taha, Gevorg Eginyan, Franco Chan, and Tania Lam. "The sensorimotor effects of a lower limb proprioception training intervention in individuals with a spinal cord injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 6 (December 1, 2019): 2364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00842.2018.
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Proprioception is critical for movement control. After a spinal cord injury (SCI), individuals not only experience paralysis but may also experience proprioceptive deficits, further confounding motor recovery. The objective of this study was to test the effects of a robotic-based proprioception training protocol on lower limb proprioceptive sense in people with incomplete SCI. A secondary objective was to assess whether the effects of training transferred to a precision stepping task in people with motor-incomplete SCI. Participants with chronic incomplete SCI and able-bodied controls underwent a 2-day proprioceptive training protocol using the Lokomat robotic exoskeleton. The training involved positioning the test leg to various positions and participants were asked to report whether they felt their heel position (end-point position) was higher or lower compared with a reference position. Feedback was provided after each trial to help participants learn strategies that could help them discern different positions of their foot. Changes in end-point position as well as knee joint position sense were assessed pre- and posttraining. We also assessed the effects of proprioception training on the performance of a precision stepping task in people with motor-incomplete SCI. Following training, there were significant improvements in end-point and knee joint position sense in both groups. The magnitude of improvement was related to pretraining (baseline) proprioceptive sense, indicating that those who initially had better lower limb position sense showed greater changes. Participants also showed improvements in performance of a precision stepping task. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that it is possible to alter proprioceptive sense in people with incomplete SCI using a passive proprioception training protocol combined with feedback. Improvements in proprioceptive sense transferred from end-point to joint position sense and also to an untrained precision stepping task.
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Safran, Marc R., Christopher D. Harner, Jorge L. Giraldo, Scott M. Lephart, Paul A. Borsa, and Freddie H. Fu. "Effects of injury and Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament on Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 8, no. 4 (November 1999): 304–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.8.4.304.
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Proprioceptive deficits have been demonstrated following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, but little research exists evaluating proprioception in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficient and/or -reconstructed knee. We have studied proprioception in PCL-deficient and PCL-reconstructed knees. The following summarizes our protocol and results of proprioceptive testing of kinesthesia and joint position sense in participants with isolated PCL injuries and those who underwent PCL reconstruction. We studied 18 participants with isolated raptures of the PCL and 10 participants who underwent PCL reconstruction. Proprioception was evaluated by two tests: the threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and the ability to passively reproduce passive positioning (RPP). These assess kinesthesia and joint position sense, respectively. We have shown that isolated PCL deficiency in the human knee does result in reduced kinesthesia and enhanced joint position sense. Thus, the proprioceptive mechanoreceptors in the PCL do appear to have some function. We further found that PCL reconstruction significantly improved kinesthesia at 45° of knee flexion, while 110° was not significantly different between the involved and uninvolved knee in both studies.
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Amiri, Mohammad Rahim, Masoud Golpayegani, Fariba Moradi Vastgani, and Mohammad Mirghasemi. "Effect of Proprioception Training on Pain and Knee Joint Position Sense of Athletes With Genuvalgum." Journal of Sport Biomechanics 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/biomechanics.6.3.3.
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Objective: The purpose of this study, the effect of strengthening exercises on proprioception athletes with knee joint position sense in Genuvalgum. Methods: A total of 30 athletes with an age range between 20-30 years voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into two groups (experimental and control) groups. Proprioceptive training program for experimental group for 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, 3 times daily, 20 minutes). The pre-test and post-test to detect the joint position (PFPPS) and the knee proprioception were measured via digital pictures using Auto-CAD software. Data analysis software SPSS V. 16 using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Knee joint proprioception exercises can reduce the reconstruction error. Conclusion: These exercises improve proprioception in athletes with Genuvalgum.
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Muaidi, Qassim Ibrahim, Leslie Lorenda Nicholson, Kathryn Margaret Refshauge, Roger David Adams, and Justin Phillip Roe. "Effect of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction on Proprioceptive Acuity of Knee Rotation in the Transverse Plane." American Journal of Sports Medicine 37, no. 8 (May 13, 2009): 1618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546509332429.
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Background Studies assessing proprioceptive acuity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)–deficient knees have only considered proprioception for knee movements in the sagittal plane rather than in the transverse plane (ie, rotation), despite the fact that the ACL plays a critical role in knee rotational stability and that the ACL is injured almost exclusively with a rotation mechanism. Therefore a test of proprioception is needed that involves movements similar to the mechanism of injury, in this case, rotation. Purpose To determine whether proprioceptive acuity in rotation changes after ACL injury and reconstruction, and to examine differences in proprioceptive acuity, range, laxity, and activity level among injured knees, contralateral knees, and healthy controls. Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Proprioceptive acuity for active knee rotation movements, passive rotation range of motion, anterior knee laxity, and knee function were measured in 20 consecutive participants with unilateral ACL rupture and 20 matched controls. Reconstruction was performed using a single-incision technique with a 4-strand hamstring tendon autograft. Thirty participants (15 control and 15 ACL reconstructed) were retested at 3 months, and 14 with ACL reconstruction were tested at 6 months. Results A deficit was found in preoperative knee rotation proprioception compared with healthy controls (P =. 031). Three months after reconstruction, there was a significant improvement (P =. 049) in proprioceptive acuity, single-plane anterior laxity (P =. 01), and self-reported knee function (P =. 001). At 3 months after reconstruction, proprioceptive acuity of the ACLreconstructed knee was correlated with reported activity level (r =. 63; P =. 021). Conclusion Knee rotation proprioception is reduced in ACL-deficient participants compared with healthy controls. Three to 6 months after reconstruction, rotation proprioceptive acuity, laxity, and function were improved. While these findings are consistent with a return to previous activity level 6 months after reconstruction, the extent of graft maturation and restoration of kinematics should also inform the decision about return to sport.
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Rueda Parra, Sebastian, Joel C. Perry, Eric T. Wolbrecht, and Disha Gupta. "Neural correlates of bilateral proprioception and adaptation with training." PLOS ONE 19, no. 3 (March 15, 2024): e0299873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299873.
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Bilateral proprioception includes the ability to sense the position and motion of one hand relative to the other, without looking. This sensory ability allows us to perform daily activities seamlessly, and its impairment is observed in various neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and stroke. It can undergo experience-dependent plasticity, as seen in trained piano players. If its neural correlates were better understood, it would provide a useful assay and target for neurorehabilitation for people with impaired proprioception. We designed a non-invasive electroencephalography-based paradigm to assess the neural features relevant to proprioception, especially focusing on bilateral proprioception, i.e., assessing the limb distance from the body with the other limb. We compared it with a movement-only task, with and without the visibility of the target hand. Additionally, we explored proprioceptive accuracy during the tasks. We tested eleven Controls and nine Skilled musicians to assess whether sensorimotor event-related spectral perturbations in μ (8-12Hz) and low-β (12-18Hz) rhythms differ in people with musical instrument training, which intrinsically involves a bilateral proprioceptive component, or when new sensor modalities are added to the task. The Skilled group showed significantly reduced μ and low-β suppression in bilateral tasks compared to movement-only, a significative difference relative to Controls. This may be explained by reduced top-down control due to intensive training, despite this, proprioceptive errors were not smaller for this group. Target visibility significantly reduced proprioceptive error in Controls, while no change was observed in the Skilled group. During visual tasks, Controls exhibited significant μ and low-β power reversals, with significant differences relative to proprioceptive-only tasks compared to the Skilled group—possibly due to reduced uncertainty and top-down control. These results provide support for sensorimotor μ and low-β suppression as potential neuromarkers for assessing proprioceptive ability. The identification of these features is significant as they could be used to quantify altered proprioceptive neural processing in skill and movement disorders. This in turn can be useful as an assay for pre and post sensory-motor intervention research.
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Long, Katie H., Kristine R. McLellan, Maria Boyarinova, and Sliman J. Bensmaia. "Proprioceptive sensitivity to imposed finger deflections." Journal of Neurophysiology 127, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00513.2021.
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Manual dexterity and stereognosis are supported by two exquisite sensory systems, namely touch and proprioception. Here, we measure the sensitivity of hand proprioception and show that humans can sense the posture and movements of the fingers with great accuracy. We also show that application of a skin vibration does not impair sensitivity, suggesting that proprioceptive acuity relies primarily on receptors in the muscles (and possibly tendons) rather than the skin.
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Sonkodi, Balázs. "Proton-Mediated PIEZO2 Channelopathy: Linking Oxaliplatin Treatment to Impaired Proprioception and Cognitive Deficits." Cancers 16, no. 23 (November 21, 2024): 3898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16233898.
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Oxaliplatin induces acute neuropathy within a few hours post-treatment, with symptoms persisting for several days. Delayed onset muscle soreness also causes the delayed onset of mechanical pain sensation starting at about 6–8 h and lasting up to a week after exercise. Both conditions come with impaired proprioception and could be chronic if these bouts are repeated frequently. The involvement of PIEZO2 ion channels, as the principal mechanosensory channels responsible for proprioception, is theorized in both conditions as well. The current opinion manuscript is meant to explain how the minor stretch-related microdamage of PIEZO2 on Type Ia proprioceptive terminals could explain the aforementioned symptoms of impaired proprioception. This includes a platinum-induced proton affinity ‘switch’ on these proprioceptive endings with PIEZO2 content, resulting in this being the likely initiating cause. Furthermore, it postulates how the proton-based ultrafast long-range oscillatory synchronization to the hippocampus could be impaired due to this microdamage on Type Ia proprioceptive terminals. Finally, the manuscript provides insight into how the impairment of the PIEZO2-initiated ultrafast muscle–brain axis may contribute to chemobrain and its associated cognitive and memory deficits.
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Ristic, Vladimir, Filip Ostojic, Milan Milovic, and Vukadin Milankov. "Knee proprioception of young volleyball players and ballerinas." Medicinski pregled 77, no. 9-12 (2024): 303–8. https://doi.org/10.2298/mpns2412303r.
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Introduction. The aim of this study is to evaluate and analyze proprioception in adolescent girls. Material and Methods. This retrospective study included 39 girls aged 13 to 19 years, divided into two groups: 22 ballerinas and 17 volleyball players. Participants were tasked with consciously identifying a predetermined position of their lower leg without visual input. A digital goniometer was used to assess both the speed and degree of deviation from the targeted angle. Results and Discussion. Ballerinas demonstrated statistically significantly better proprioception in the left leg compared to volleyball players, in terms of both accuracy and intensity of the angular ascent (p<0.05). Volleyball players showed weaker and less precise performance in reproducing the left leg position, although their right leg proprioception was significantly better. In contrast, ballerinas exhibited no significant differences between the right and left leg in proprioception performance. Conclusion. Knee joint injuries are uncommon in ballerinas, likely due to their superior proprioception compared to volleyball players. Incorporating ballet-based techniques into volleyball and other athletic training programs may enhance proprioceptive ability and contribute to injury prevention.
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Chilvers, Matthew, Trevor Low, Deepthi Rajashekar, and Sean Dukelow. "White matter disconnection impacts proprioception post-stroke." PLOS ONE 19, no. 9 (September 12, 2024): e0310312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0310312.
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Proprioceptive impairments occur in approximately 50–64% of people following stroke. While much is known about the grey matter structures underlying proprioception, our understanding of the white matter correlates of proprioceptive impairments is less well developed. It is recognised that behavioural impairments post-stroke are often the result of disconnection between wide-scale brain networks, however the disconnectome associated with proprioception post-stroke is unknown. In the current study, white matter disconnection was assessed in relation to performance on a robotic arm position matching (APM) task. Neuroimaging and robotic assessments of proprioception were collected for 203 stroke survivors, approximately 2-weeks post-stroke. The robotic assessment was performed in a KINARM Exoskeleton robotic device and consisted of a nine-target APM task. First, the relationship between white matter tract lesion load and performance on the APM task was assessed. Next, differences in the disconnectome between participants with and without impairments on the APM task were examined. Greater lesion load to the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF II and III), arcuate fasciculus (all segments) and fronto-insular tracts were associated with worse APM task performance. In those with APM task impairments, there was, additionally, disconnection of the posterior corpus callosum, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus and optic radiations. This study highlights an important perisylvian white matter network supporting proprioceptive processing in the human brain. It also identifies white matter tracts, important for relaying proprioceptive information from parietal and frontal brain regions, that are not traditionally considered proprioceptive in nature.
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Sirojev, Shoxrux. "EFFECTS OF WARM-UP AND STRETCHING EXERCISES ON PROPRIOCEPTION AND BALANCE." MODERN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH 3, no. 2 (February 11, 2024): 353–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10646754.
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<em>The number of sports injuries increases when a person's health and physical fitness improves with increasing participation in sports activities. Warm-up and cool-down, flexibility exercises, coordination, balance and proprioceptive exercises are important in preventing sports injuries. Warming up and stretching have historically been the norm.</em> <em>Although the importance of proprioception has been recognized and research has increased in recent years, research on the mechanisms affecting balance and proprioception is lacking. Warm-up and stretching exercises are among the parameters that can affect balance and proprioception. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the effects of warm-up and stretching exercises on balance and proprioception. During the study, the literature was scanned by including the terms warm-up, stretching, proprioception, and balance in the pubic area. Research shows that warming up has a positive effect on balance in general, and that stretching also improves balance. However, some studies have shown that stretching either impairs balance or does not affect balance. When looking at the effect of stretching on proprioception, many studies show that stretching generally has a positive effect on proprioception, while some studies show no effect on proprioception and joint position sense.</em> <em>There are studies showing that heating has a positive effect on proprioception. In future studies, it would be desirable to use stretching cycles commonly used in sports fields. Research design should include stretching periods similar to those used by athletes during warm-up, as well as controlled and randomized study designs, comparing and contrasting different age groups. groups with different physical fitness.</em>
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van Beers, Robert J., Anne C. Sittig, and Jan J. Denier van der Gon. "Integration of Proprioceptive and Visual Position-Information: An Experimentally Supported Model." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 1355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1355.
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Integration of proprioceptive and visual position-information: an experimentally supported model. To localize one’s hand, i.e., to find out its position with respect to the body, humans may use proprioceptive information or visual information or both. It is still not known how the CNS combines simultaneous proprioceptive and visual information. In this study, we investigate in what position in a horizontal plane a hand is localized on the basis of simultaneous proprioceptive and visual information and compare this to the positions in which it is localized on the basis of proprioception only and vision only. Seated at a table, subjects matched target positions on the table top with their unseen left hand under the table. The experiment consisted of three series. In each of these series, the target positions were presented in three conditions: by vision only, by proprioception only, or by both vision and proprioception. In one of the three series, the visual information was veridical. In the other two, it was modified by prisms that displaced the visual field to the left and to the right, respectively. The results show that the mean of the positions indicated in the condition with both vision and proprioception generally lies off the straight line through the means of the other two conditions. In most cases the mean lies on the side predicted by a model describing the integration of multisensory information. According to this model, the visual information and the proprioceptive information are weighted with direction-dependent weights, the weights being related to the direction-dependent precision of the information in such a way that the available information is used very efficiently. Because the proposed model also can explain the unexpectedly small sizes of the variable errors in the localization of a seen hand that were reported earlier, there is strong evidence to support this model. The results imply that the CNS has knowledge about the direction-dependent precision of the proprioceptive and visual information.
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Chen, Xingyu, and Xingda Qu. "Age-Related Differences in the Relationships Between Lower-Limb Joint Proprioception and Postural Balance." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 61, no. 5 (August 21, 2018): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720818795064.
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Objective: In the present study we aimed to investigate the relationships between lower-limb joint proprioception and postural balance. Age-related differences in such relationships were also identified. Background: Impaired postural balance is reportedly one of the most common risk factors for fall accidents. Interventions have been proposed to improve postural balance by enhancing proprioceptive feedback. However, there is still no consensus on the optimal design for these interventions; therefore, there is a need to better reveal the contributions of lower-limb joint proprioception to postural balance. Method: Twenty-eight young and 28 older adults participated. Lower-limb joint proprioception was assessed by joint position sense errors measured at the ankle, knee, and hip of the dominant side, respectively. Postural balance was assessed by using center-of-pressure measures during bilateral static stance. Results: Ankle joint position sense error was positively correlated with root mean squared distance of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions in both young and older adults. Different from young adults, hip joint position sense error was positively correlated with root mean squared distance of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions in older adults only. Conclusion: Declined ankle and hip proprioception could be risk factors for falls in older adults. Age-related differences in the effects of hip proprioception suggests that hip proprioception is more important for maintaining balance in older adults. Ankle proprioception contributes the most to balance maintenance. Thus, ankle proprioception enhancement exercises should be considered in fall prevention interventions.
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Borsa, Paul A., Scott M. Lephart, Mininder S. Kocher, and Susan P. Lephart. "Functional Assessment and Rehabilitation of Shoulder Proprioception for Glenohumeral Instability." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 3, no. 1 (February 1994): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.1.84.
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Following injury to the articular ligaments, disruption of mechanoreceptors results in partial deafferentation of the joint. This has been shown to inhibit normal neuromuscular joint stabilization, and it contributes to repetitive injuries and the progressive decline of the joint. Assessment of proprioception is valuable in identification of proprioceptive deficits and subsequent planning of the rehabilitation program. A shoulder rehabilitation program must address both the mechanical and sensory functions of articular structures by incorporating a proprioceptive training element within the normal protocol. The objective of proprioception rehabilitation is to enhance cognitive appreciation of the respective joint relative to position and movement, and to enhance muscular stabilization of the joint in the absence of structural restraints. If these objectives are properly addressed, the restoration of the proprioceptive mechanism will prevent further disability of the shoulder joint.
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Wollstein, Ronit, Dafna Michael, and Hani Harel. "A Protocol for Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Distal Radius Fractures Using Sensorimotor Input: A Case Series." Journal of Hand Surgery (Asian-Pacific Volume) 22, no. 02 (May 15, 2017): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810417500174.
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Background: Proprioception and sensorimotor input are used to treat neurological and joint injuries. Following distal radius fractures (DRF) there is a temporary loss of proprioception that should be addressed. We created a protocol for evaluation, and a treatment plan following wrist surgery that is based on proprioceptive and sensorimotor input. We describe a series of patients undergoing surgery for DRF that were evaluated and treated with these protocols. Methods: Both evaluation and treatment protocols included comprehensive sensorimotor procedures performed with eyes open and closed. These included Semmes- Weinstein, static and moving 2-point discrimination, vibration, temperature testing, Moberg pick-up- test, stereognosis and proprioception. Results: A series of twelve patients was evaluated and treated with the protocol following surgical treatment for DRF. Patients demonstrated significant sensorimotor deficits, which improved utilizing the comprehensive sensorimotor treatment protocol. Conclusions: Further study is necessary to validate the results of this pilot series. Use of proprioception and sensorimotor input may improve outcomes of rehabilitation following DRF.
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Alonso, Angélica Castilho, Guilherme Carlos Brech, and Julia Maria D’Andréa Greve. "Techniques of proprioceptive evaluation of the anterior cruciate knee ligament." Acta Fisiátrica 17, no. 3 (September 9, 2010): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v17i3a103374.
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The increasing interest in sports activities, combined with the knee’s anatomical vulnerability and complexity, justifies the increasing number of patients with ligament injuries, especially the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). What then would be the best way to evaluate the knee proprioception? The objective of this study was to identify the techniques of proprioceptive evaluation of the anterior cruciate knee ligament (ACL), and to determine whether a better technique is available. The method was to review the literature, including only those studies published in indexed scientific journals that referred to evaluation tools and/or knee proprioception measurement. The discussion of the different methods of evaluating ACL proprioception, according to the literature, included: morphological anatomical studies; neurophysiologic evaluation, and clinical evaluation which was divided into three types: a) sense of static position; b) kinesthetic posture; and c) postural balance. Although proprioception is important to the final results of a treatment involving ligament injury, its evaluation is still a problem. The conclusion was that the ideal method should have high sensitivity and specificity, in addition to good reproducibility and accuracy. There is lack of consensus in literature regarding the best evaluation technique and the results are also contradictory, despite the balance evaluation being a modern technique used in major research centers, it was not possible to isolate the proprioceptive system from other systems: visual and vestibular.
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Alshehri, Shaker Hassan S., Ravi Shankar Reddy, Mastour Saeed Alshahrani, Hani Hassan Alnakhli, Ajay Prashad Gautam, Mohammad A. ALMohiza, Abdullah Mohammed Alyami, Saeed Y. Al Adal, Snehil Dixit, and Faisal M. Alyazedi. "Unraveling the impact of kinesiophobia on proprioception and balance: Mediation by pain, mobility, and psychological wellbeing in post-total hip replacement recovery." PLOS ONE 19, no. 12 (December 5, 2024): e0314627. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314627.
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This study aimed to investigate the relationships between kinesiophobia, proprioception, and limits of stability in elderly individuals post-THR. Specifically, it sought to assess the direct and indirect effects of kinesiophobia on proprioception through mediating factors such as pain intensity, functional mobility, and psychological well-being. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 100 participants (50 post-THR patients and 50 asymptomatic elderly controls) at King Khalid University Hospital. Kinesiophobia was measured using the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), proprioception was assessed via a digital inclinometer, and limits of stability were evaluated using computerized dynamic posturography. Post-THR patients exhibited significantly higher levels of kinesiophobia (p < 0.001) and impaired proprioception (p < 0.001) compared to controls. Mediation analyses revealed that pain intensity, functional mobility, and psychological well-being partially mediated the relationship between kinesiophobia and proprioception. The Sobel tests confirmed significant mediation effects for pain intensity (Z = 3.88, p = 0.021), functional mobility (Z = 2.96, p = 0.013), and psychological well-being (Z = 2.84, p = 0.015). Kinesiophobia significantly impairs proprioception and balance in elderly individuals post-THR, with these effects being partially mediated by pain intensity, functional mobility, and psychological well-being. These findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological factors in rehabilitation programs to enhance proprioceptive function and improve postural stability, thereby optimizing recovery outcomes in the post-THR population.