Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Programma biennio"
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Abbate, Emma. "The ECVAM 3D Lab: a laboratory based-learning experience in a three-dimensional and interactive digital environment". IUL Research 4, n.º 7 (19 de junio de 2023): 292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.57568/iulresearch.v4i7.391.
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L’articolo descrive l’applicazione didattica di un ambiente virtuale interattivo: il laboratorio tridimensionale ECVAM sperimentato nel corso dell’anno scolastico 2021/2022 in classi del biennio di un liceo scientifico, ordinamento tradizionale e Biomedico. La sperimentazione rientra in un progetto pilota, “The three Rs and animal use in Science” (3 Rs), promosso da Scientix, un portale online finanziato dal programma “Horizon 2020” dell’Unione europea per la ricerca e l’innovazione, che raccoglie e presenta progetti europei di educazione STEM e i loro risultati.
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Ballarino, Gabriele, Daniele Checchi, Carlo Fiorio, Stefano Iacus, Marco Leonardi y Giuseppe Porro. "La valutazione dell'efficacia del "sistema delle doti" della Regione Lombardia: modelli statistici e criticitŕ nella progettazione". RIV Rassegna Italiana di Valutazione, n.º 49 (mayo de 2012): 39–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/riv2011-049004.
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Il contributo descrive e commenta un esercizio di valutazione svolto per conto della Regione Lombardia nel biennio 2009-2011. Oggetto della valutazione era una serie di programmi (le "doti") rivolti all'inserimento occupazionale di categorie di soggetti variamente svantaggiati, che ricevono voucher con cui accedere a servizi per l'impiego forniti da operatori accreditati, sia pubblici che privati. Il fine della valutazione era la produzione di un ranking per la valutazione dell'efficacia del servizio dei vari operatori. L'articolo descrive in primo luogo i dati che sono stati resi disponibili al gruppo dei valutatori e, a partire da questi, una serie di criticitŕ collegate al disegno del programma. Quindi vengono descritti i modelli statistici utilizzati: due versioni di un modello multilivello a effetti casuali e un modello di analisi della frontiera di efficienza (DEA). Infine, si spiega perché il ranking cosě costruito non č utilizzabile operativamente e cosa si puň fare per superare le criticitŕ e ottenere una valutazione completa e soddisfacente di importanti politiche pubbliche analoghe a quella descritta in questo lavoro.
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Levchenko, Y. V. "Inspections and evaluations as part of United Nations internal oversight". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, n.º 80 (20 de enero de 2024): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.80.2.53.
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The article deals with the issue of inspections and evaluations as part of the internal oversight of the United Nations. It is described the powers and activities of the Inspection and Evaluation Division (IED), which operates within the structure of the Office of Internal Oversight Services. In particular, it is indicated that the Inspection and Evaluation Division conducts programme evaluations to conduct analytical and critical assessments of programme implementation and legal frameworks, checking whether changes in them require a review of implementation methods and the relevance of administrative procedures. The main functions of the Division include: preparing a report on programme implementation at the end of each biennium containing qualitative and quantitative information; assessing, on a systematic and objective basis, the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and efficiency of the Organisation’s activities in achieving its objectives; submitting a report to the UN General Assembly on strengthening the evaluation function and related oversight activities within the UN; conducting special inspections of programmes and organisational units to identify problems affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of the implementation of programmed activities and recommending corrective measures to improve programme delivery; providing internal management advisory services to programme managers, upon request etc. It is stated that the Division carries out several types of evaluation activities, including: programme evaluations; thematic evaluations; inspections; biennial studies on evaluation; evaluation dashboard etc. Themes covered by evaluations include: peace and security; sustainable development; human rights and humanitarian assistance; and organisational management and support. The main target audiences and users of the IED evaluation materials are: the Secretary-General, UN programme managers and staff, member states, primarily the Committee for Programme and Coordination (CPC) and the Administrative and Budgetary Committee (Fifth Committee) of the General Assembly and Security Council, UN stakeholders and partners.
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Urquijo Goitia, José Ramón. "Las contradicciones políticas del bienio progresista". Hispania 57, n.º 195 (5 de marzo de 2019): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/hispania.1997.v57.i195.703.
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El resultado de la sublevación de julio de 1854 determinó la constitución de un Gobierno de coalición entre progresistas y moderados. Los graves problemas políticos, sociales y económicos generaron tensiones entre los integrantes de la coalición, provocando continuos cambios en la composición del Gobierno. La crisis de 1856 significó la victoria definitiva de los moderados dirigidos por Leopoldo O'Donell y la imposición del programa político moderado al que se habían añadido las reformas económicas realizadas durante el Bienio.
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Cuesta, Josefina. "El Ministerio de Trabajo en la II República española (1931-1939)." Sociología del Trabajo, n.º 99 (29 de noviembre de 2021): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/stra.79034.
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En el primer bienio republicano, el ministro de Trabajo, Francisco Largo Caballero impulsó, un programa de mejoras sociales fundado en los proyectos elaborados por la OIT desde 1919. La fugacidad de Gobiernos y ministerios no impide aplicar, en parte, este programa, cuyos objetivos son: mejoras inmediatas para los trabajadores, una reforma progresiva del sistema de relaciones laborales, mediante los instrumentos de previsión, de mediación y de representación obrera, y una modernización de la previsión social y de la sanidad. Proyectos que, en un segundo bienio, sufren ataques para limitar su alcance y consecuencias. La Guerra civil (1936-1939), con su duplicidad de gobiernos y programas, y la derrota de la II República, truncan un modelo de modernización social, que también se extendía por Europa. España retorna al modelo asistencial, autoritario y corporativista de los fascismos europeos y se trunca en ella el proyecto más modernizador, que estará en la base los Estados sociales y de bienestar que se extienden por Europa en la segunda postguerra mundial.
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Sani, Giacomo y Paolo Segatti. "PROGRAMMI, MEDIA E OPINIONE PUBBLICA". Italian Political Science Review/Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica 26, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1996): 459–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048840200024485.
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Dall'inaugurazione del governo Berlusconi (maggio 1994) al giuramento della compagine guidata da Prodi intercorrono solo ventiquattro mesi. Ma sono due anni caratterizzati da una densa e convulsa vicenda politica nel corso della quale si verificano tutta una serie di episodi di rilievo. Tra i più salienti spiccano: la rottura dell'alleanza di centro-destra nata alla vigilia del 27 marzo 1994 (il cosiddetto «ribaltone»); il ricorso ad un governo «tecnico» che doveva costituire una soluzione provvisoria ma finisce col durare più del previsto; la nuova spaccatura che si produce nella maggior formazione di centro (il Ppi) nella primavera del 1995 e che porta alla nascita del Cdu e fa quindi salire a tre gli eredi della vecchia Dc; una ulteriore modifica delle regole del gioco con l'adozione di un nuovo sistema per le elezioni dei consigli regionali; e, infine, lo svolgimento di ben tre consultazioni elettorali a carattere nazionale (le elezioni per il Parlamento europeo 1994, le elezioni regionali ed amministrative dell'aprile 1995, la tornata referendaria del giugno dello stesso anno).Gli avvenimenti del biennio segnalano le evidenti difficoltà di un processo di transizione per il quale non si riesce a trovare una via di uscita. Dopo la fase di destrutturazione del periodo 1992-1993, con le elezioni del 1994 il sistema dei partiti pareva avviato ad assumere una configurazione di tipo (quasi) bipolare, accompagnata da una significativa riduzione del grado di frammentazione. Ma la dinamica della vita politica nei mesi successivi alla formazione del governo Berlusconi smentiva entrambe le ipotesi. Essa dimostrava, in primo luogo, che la doppia e anomala alleanza risultata vincente il 27 marzo era solo un precario cartello elettorale destinato a dissolversi nel breve periodo. In secondo luogo, risultava evidente che nonostante la prevalenza della quota maggioritaria e la clausola di sbarramento, il nuovo meccanismo elettorale non era riuscito ad incidere in maniera significativa sul numero delle formazioni politiche presenti nell'arena parlamentare e nel paese. Infine, che si trattasse di un bi-polarismo assai imperfetto risultava chiaro dal fatto che, caduto il governo di centro-destra per la defezione della Lega, risultava impraticabile la formazione di una maggioranza alternativa. In sostanza, le nuove regole e gli assetti usciti dalla consultazione e dai successivi rimescolamenti degli schieramenti e dell'offerta elettorale non avevano prodotto né un governo destinato a durare, né una opposizione pienamente in grado di sostituirlo.
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Lee, David. "New Music Biennial, Glasgow Royal Concert Hall". Tempo 69, n.º 271 (enero de 2015): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298214000734.
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Amidst the wide range of events staged as part of Glasgow's 2014 Cultural Programme in celebration of the Commonwealth Games, the New Music Biennial Showcase occupied the closing weekend of the Games. Hosted at the Glasgow Royal Concert Hall on 1 and 2 August, it made use of three separate performances spaces: the main hall, the newly redeveloped Strathclyde Suite and the more intimate brand new City of Music Studio. As at its London partner event, which took place between 4 and 6 July at the Southbank Centre, audiences were provided with an opportunity to hear 20 new commissions from a diverse selection of composers from across Britain, each of which had already been performed across the country in a variety of locations, ranging from skate parks to concert halls.
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Redjko, Mojca. "Bubbling Boundless Creativity". Maska 31, n.º 179 (1 de septiembre de 2016): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/maska.31.179-180.154_1.
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The article focuses on the latest edition of a large puppet festival that has been taking place in Charleville-Mézières since 1961. The top names in world puppetry participate at the biennial festival, whose rich festival happenings and events move from the city’s numerous halls to its streets, squares and even private apartments. In 2015, the main part of the programme consisted of shows and events for adult audiences.
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Parkin, D. M., P. Tappenden, A. H. Olsen, J. Patnick y P. Sasieni. "Predicting the impact of the screening programme for colorectal cancer in the UK". Journal of Medical Screening 15, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2008): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jms.2008.008024.
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Objectives Screening for colorectal cancer by biennial testing for faecal occult blood is being introduced in the UK from 2007. We examine the likely impact of the programme, in terms of reduced mortality, lives saved and changes in incidence, over the next 20 years. Setting Projections of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in England, and the policy that has been adopted for screening in England (biennial at ages 60–69 from 2007, then 60–74 in 2010). Methods The results are based on the output of a simulation model that has been used to examine cost-effectiveness of screening policy options, with two scenarios regarding compliance with screening; both assume that 20% of the population will never attend for screening, but attendance of those who do is modelled either as a random 60% or 80%, at each screening round. Results The decrease in mortality rates expected 20 years after introducing screening is 13–17% in men and 12–15% in women (depending on the attendance levels). The model predicts an initial rise in incidence, followed (after six to seven years) by a fall, so that there is little net change in the number of cases detected over a 20-year period. Conclusion Percentage changes in mortality seem modest, but the projected saving in terms of numbers of lives is not negligible – 1800–2400 per year by 2025 in England (equivalent numbers are 2200–2700 in all over the UK). Newer screening modalities may improve on these projected results.
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Chiarelli, A. M., V. Mai, V. Moravan, E. Halapy, V. Majpruz y R. K. Tatla. "False-Positive Result and Reattendance in the Ontario Breast Screening Program". Journal of Medical Screening 10, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2003): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914130301000306.
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Objective: To determine the association between initial screen result and returning for a second screen in an organised breast screening programme for women with a biennial screening recommendation. Setting: Women who attended the Ontario Breast Screening Program (OBSP). Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of 140,723 Ontario women aged 50 years ond older who had an initial screen at the OBSP between 1 July 1990 and 31 December 1995 and were followed until 30 June 1998. Rescreening rates at 36 months and risk ratio estimates were calculated using survival methods. Age of women, year of screen, region (within Ontario) and initial screen result were compared. For initial screen results, returning for a second screen was examined by integration of screening centre with an assessment programme and by modality of referral. Results: Women with a false-positive result were less likely to return for a second screen as were women aged 70 and older and those living in regions of Ontario with fewer OBSP screening centres. However, there were minimal differences in reattendance behaviour by initial screen result for women screened at the OBSP centre with an assessment programme. Conclusions: Integration of breast screening and assessment services improved reattendance of women with false-positive screen results within an organised screening programme.
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Riera, Francesc. "Formant noves mestres de Primària en didàctica de les Ciències Socials". Comunicació educativa, n.º 18 (16 de febrero de 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17345/comeduc200542-48.
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<p>Aquest article ens presenta un estudi de l’autor basat en analitzar si els aprenentatges que suposadament realitzen els futurs i les futures mestres a la universitat els són significatius o no.</p><p>Després dels cursos de doctorat a la UAB (bienni 95-97), concretament en el programa de Didàctica de les Ciències Socials, se’l presentava una bona ocasió per realitzar una recerca sobre aquesta qüestió. És una recerca que no podia plantejar sol, sinó que requeria també la participació i col·laboració d’alguns mestres de primària, perquè des del principi calia comptar amb la influència que directament i indirectament exerceixen els mestres en actiu sobre els estudiants de Magisteri durant el seu període de pràctiques.</p>
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Jarm, Katja, Maksimiljan Kadivec, Cveto Šval, Kristijana Hertl, Maja Primic Žakelj, Peter B. Dean, Lawrence von Karsa et al. "Quality assured implementation of the Slovenian breast cancer screening programme". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 10 (8 de octubre de 2021): e0258343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258343.
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Setting The organised, population-based breast cancer screening programme in Slovenia began providing biennial mammography screening for women aged 50–69 in 2008. The programme has taken a comprehensive approach to quality assurance as recommended by the European guidelines for quality assurance in breast cancer screening and diagnosis (4th edition), including centralized assessment, training and supervision, and proactive monitoring of performance indicators. This report describes the progress of implementation and rollout from 2003 through 2019. Methods The screening protocol and key quality assurance procedures initiated during the planning from 2003 and rollout from 2008 of the screening programme, including training of the professional staff, are described. The organisational structure, gradual geographical rollout, and coverage by invitation and examination are presented. Results The nationwide programme was up and running in all screening regions by the end of 2017, at which time the nationwide coverage by invitation and examination had reached 70% and 50%, respectively. Nationwide rollout of the population-based programme was complete by the end of 2019. By this time, coverage by invitation and examination had reached 98% and 76%, respectively. The participation rates consistently exceeded 70% from 2014 to 2019. Conclusions The successful implementation of the screening programme can be attributed to an independent central management, external guidance, and strict adherence to quality assurance procedures, all of which contributed to increasing governmental and popular support. The benefits of quality assurance have influenced all aspects of breast care and have provided a successful model for multidisciplinary management of other diseases.
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Steele, R. J. C., P. L. McClements, G. Libby, F. A. Carey y C. G. Fraser. "Patterns of uptake in a biennial faecal occult blood test screening programme for colorectal cancer". Colorectal Disease 16, n.º 1 (16 de diciembre de 2013): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/codi.12393.
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Zorzi, Manuel y Marco Zappa. "Synthetic indicator of the impact of colorectal cancer screening programmes on incidence rates". Gut 69, n.º 2 (30 de abril de 2019): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318589.
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ObjectiveThe impact of a screening programme on colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence in its target population depends on several variables, including coverage with invitations, participation rate, positivity rate of the screening test, compliance with an invitation to second-level assessment and endoscopists’ sensitivity. We propose a synthetic indicator that may account for all the variables influencing the potential impact of a screening programme on CRC incidence.DesignWe defined the ‘rate of advanced adenoma on the target population’ (AA-TAP) as the rate of patients who received a diagnosis of advanced adenoma within a screening programme, divided by the programme target population. We computed the AA-TAP for the CRC Italian screening programmes (biennial faecal immunochemical test, target population 50–69 year olds) using the data of the Italian National Survey from 2003 to 2016, overall and by region, and assessed the association between AA-TAP and CRC incidence fitting a linear regression between the trend of regional CRC incidence rates in 50–74 year old subjects and the cumulative AA-TAP.ResultsIn 2016, the AA-TAP at a national level was 105×100 000, whereas significant differences were observed between the northern and central regions (respectively 126 and 149×100 000) and the South and Islands (36×100 000). The cumulative AA-TAP from 2004 to 2012 was significantly correlated with the difference between CRC incidence rates in 2013–2014 and those in 2003–2004 (p=0.009).ConclusionThe AA-TAP summarises into a single indicator the potential impact of a screening programme in reducing CRC incidence rates.
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Morrell, Stephen, Richard Taylor, David Roder y Annette Dobson. "Mammography screening and breast cancer mortality in Australia: an aggregate cohort study". Journal of Medical Screening 19, n.º 1 (18 de febrero de 2012): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jms.2012.011127.
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Background Evidence that mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality derives from trials, with observational studies broadly supporting trial findings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the national mammographic screening programme, BreastScreen Australia, using aggregate screening and breast cancer mortality data. Methods Breast cancer mortality from 1990 to 2004 in the whole Australian population was assessed in relation to screening exposure in the target of women aged 50–69 years. Population cohorts were defined by year of screening (and diagnosis), five-year age group at screening (and diagnosis), and local area of residence at screening (and diagnosis). Biennial screening data for BreastScreen Australia were related to cumulated mortality from breast cancer in an event analysis using Poisson regression, and in a time-to-event analysis using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results were adjusted for repeated measures and the potential effects of mammography outside BreastScreen Australia, regionality, and area socio-economic status. Results From the adjusted Poisson regression model, a 22% (95% CI:12–31%) reduction in six-year cumulated mortality from breast cancer was predicted for screening participation of approximately 60%, compared with no screening; 21% (95% CI:11–30%) for the most recently reported screening participation of 56%; and 25% (95% CI:15–35%) for the programme target of 70% biennial screening participation. Corresponding estimates from the Cox proportional hazard regression model were 30% (95% CI:17–41%), 28% (95% CI:16–38%) and 34% (95% CI:20–46%). Conclusions Despite data limitations, the results of this nationwide study are consistent with the trial evidence, and with results of other service studies of mammography screening. With sufficient participation, mammography screening substantially reduces mortality from breast cancer.
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de Susanne, Philippe. "EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IMO-IPIECA REGIONAL OIL SPILL PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE PROGRAMME FOR CENTRAL & WESTERN AFRICA (GI-WACAF)". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2008, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2008): 1105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2008-1-1105.
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ABSTRACT The GI WACAF programme is led and funded jointly by the IMO and IPIECA members. Its purpose is to improve oil spill preparedness and response capability across 21 coastal states of West and Central Africa. Launched in 2006, this programme takes earlier IMO/IPIECA work forwards in a newly focused, structured and sustained manner to progress tangible change. The programme faces many challenges with rapidly increasing oil activities in the region and a generally low level of current preparedness; set against improvements needing to suit individual country circumstances and also be consistent and coordinated across the region. Reference is made in this Paper to the IMO'S strategy for oil spill preparedness and response (OPRC Convention 1990). Drawing these together, the six Key Elements of Preparedness, which underpin the GI-WACAF programme, are summarised. The GI-WACAF programme has a Project Coordinator, working under the guidance of the IMO and IPIECA funding members. An action plan was developed after consultation with government and oil industry representatives from the countries in the region, taking the six Elements of Preparedness and translating them into a workable plan for action and improvement. This Paper describes the programme management system and the key features critical to make tangible progress. These include Clarity of Purpose; Commitment from Key Stakeholders; a gap analysis on the Elements of Preparedness and measurable objectives; a Network of ‘Implementers’ and ‘Influencers at different levels of government and industry; follow-up and monitoring of results and achievement; and a Biennial Review to ensure process improvement and action planning. Through this refocused and business-like approach, demonstrate success is being achieved, and will be illustrated in the Paper. Every country and region has unique circumstances but the underlying principles of oil spill preparedness and response are common. This Paper has relevance for any organisation involved in change/improvement processes; both in setting programme objectives and in the essential programme management and implementation.
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Goodley, Patrick, Philip A. J. Crosbie, Matthew Sperrin, Zoe Merchant, Richard Booton y Haval Balata. "When to reinvite initially ineligible populations for targeted lung cancer screening?" BMJ Open Respiratory Research 11, n.º 1 (mayo de 2024): e002193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2023-002193.
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IntroductionTargeted low-dose CT lung cancer screening reduces lung cancer mortality. England’s Targeted Lung Health Check programme uses risk prediction tools to determine eligibility for biennial screening among people with a smoking history aged 55–74. Some participants initially ineligible for lung cancer screening will later become eligible with increasing age and ongoing tobacco exposure. It is, therefore, important to understand how many people could qualify for reinvitation, and after how long, to inform implementation of services.MethodsWe prospectively predicted future risk (using Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian trial’s risk model (PLCOm2012) and Liverpool Lung Project version 2 (LLPv2) risk models) and time-to-eligibility of 5345 participants to estimate how many would become eligible through the course of a Lung Health Check screening programme for 55–74 years.ResultsApproximately a quarter eventually become eligible, with those with the lowest baseline risks unlikely to ever become eligible. Time-to-eligibility is shorter for participants with higher baseline risk, increasing age and ongoing smoking status. At a PLCOm2012threshold ≥1.51%, 68% of those who continue to smoke become eligible compared with 18% of those who have quit.DiscussionPredicting which participants may become eligible, and when, during a screening programme can help inform reinvitation strategies and service planning. Those with risk scores closer to the eligibility threshold, particularly people who continue to smoke, will reach eligibility in subsequent rounds while those at the lowest risk may be discharged from the programme from the outset.
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Duijm, Lucien E. M., Johanna H. Groenewoud, Jacques Fracheboud, B. Martin van Ineveld, Rudi M. H. Roumen y Harry J. de Koning. "Introduction of additional double reading of mammograms by radiographers: Effects on a biennial screening programme outcome". European Journal of Cancer 44, n.º 9 (junio de 2008): 1223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.03.003.
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Lo, Siu Hing, Stephen Halloran, Julia Snowball, Helen Seaman, Jane Wardle y Christian von Wagner. "Colorectal cancer screening uptake over three biennial invitation rounds in the English bowel cancer screening programme". Gut 64, n.º 2 (7 de mayo de 2014): 282–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306144.
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McLeod, Melissa, Peter Sandiford, Giorgi Kvizhinadze, Karen Bartholomew y Sue Crengle. "Impact of low-dose CT screening for lung cancer on ethnic health inequities in New Zealand: a cost-effectiveness analysis". BMJ Open 10, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2020): e037145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037145.
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ObjectiveThere are large inequities in the lung cancer burden for the Indigenous Māori population of New Zealand. We model the potential lifetime health gains, equity impacts and cost-effectiveness of a national low-dose CT (LDCT) screening programme for lung cancer in smokers aged 55–74 years with a 30 pack-year history, and for formers smokers who have quit within the last 15 years.DesignA Markov macrosimulation model estimated: health benefits (health-adjusted life-years (HALYs)), costs and cost-effectiveness of biennial LDCT screening. Input parameters came from literature and NZ-linked health datasets.SettingNew Zealand.ParticipantsPopulation aged 55–74 years in 2011.InterventionsBiennial LDCT screening for lung cancer compared with usual care.Outcome measuresIncremental cost-effectiveness ratios were calculated using the average difference in costs and HALYs between the screened and the unscreened populations. Equity analyses included substituting non-Māori values for Māori values of background morbidity, mortality and stage-specific survival. Changes in inequities in lung cancer survival and ‘health-adjusted life expectancy’ (HALE) were measured.ResultsLDCT screening in NZ is likely to be cost-effective for the total population: NZ$34 400 per HALY gained (95% uncertainty interval NZ$27 500 to NZ$42 900) and for Māori separately (using a threshold of gross domestic product per capita NZ$45 000). Health gains per capita for Māori females were twice that for non-Māori females and 25% greater for Māori males compared with non-Māori males. LDCT screening will narrow absolute inequities in HALE and lung cancer mortality for Māori, but will slightly increase relative inequities in mortality from lung cancer (compared with non-Māori) due to differential stage-specific survival.ConclusionA national biennial LDCT lung cancer screening programme in New Zealand is likely to be cost-effective, will improve total population health and reduce health inequities for Māori. Attention must be paid to addressing ethnic inequities in stage-specific lung cancer survival.
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Sinay, Clara Budnik y María Luisa de la Maza Michelson. "Política de equidad en el acceso a la información: avanzando hacia un Chile digital". Ciência da Informação 35, n.º 2 (agosto de 2006): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-19652006000200008.
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El mundo digital rompe completamente con la secuencia y linealidad característica en la lectura del texto impreso, incorporando además sonidos e imágenes. Chile, no ha quedado ajeno a este proceso de cambios. Es así como en el año 98' se inició con el trabajo de un grupo de expertos, la definición de políticas públicas asociadas con las nuevas tecnologías a objeto de impulsar la universalización del acceso, el desarrollo de nuevas capacidades competitivas y la modernización del Estado. Otro hito importante fue la elaboración de la denominada Agenda Digital que también fijó medidas concretas en esta materia para el bienio 2004-2006. Dentro de estos documentos, queremos destacar en especial la política de equidad en el acceso a la información. En la ejecución práctica se cita el caso BiblioRedes, programa que ofrece internet y capacitación gratis en 378 bibliotecas públicas distribuidas en todo Chile, cuyos resultados han sido reconocidos internacionalmente.
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Bhargava, Sameer, Kaitlyn Tsuruda, Kåre Moen, Ida Bukholm y Solveig Hofvind. "Lower attendance rates in immigrant versus non-immigrant women in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme". Journal of Medical Screening 25, n.º 3 (23 de octubre de 2017): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141317733771.
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Objective The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Programme invites women aged 50–69 to biennial mammographic screening. Although 84% of invited women have attended at least once, attendance rates vary across the country. We investigated attendance rates among various immigrant groups compared with non-immigrants in the programme. Methods There were 4,053,691 invitations sent to 885,979 women between 1996 and 2015. Using individual level population-based data from the Cancer Registry and Statistics Norway, we examined percent attendance and calculated incidence rate ratios, comparing immigrants with non-immigrants, using Poisson regression, following women's first invitation to the programme and for ever having attended. Results Immigrant women had lower attendance rates than the rest of the population, both following the first invitation (53.1% versus 76.1%) and for ever having attended (66.9% versus 86.4%). Differences in attendance rates between non-immigrant and immigrant women were less pronounced, but still present, when adjusted for sociodemographic factors. We also identified differences in attendance between immigrant groups. Attendance increased with duration of residency in Norway. A subgroup analysis of migrants' daughters showed that 70.0% attended following the first invitation, while 82.3% had ever attended. Conclusions Immigrant women had lower breast cancer screening attendance rates. The rationale for immigrant women's non-attendance needs to be explored through further studies targeting women from various birth countries and regions.
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Sørlien Holen, Åsne, Steffan Bos-Haugen, Vessela Kristensen y Solveig Hofvind. "Artificial intelligence (AI) in mammographic screening in Norway". Open Access Government 43, n.º 1 (10 de julio de 2024): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.56367/oag-043-11133.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) in mammographic screening in Norway BreastScreen Norway discusses how the results from their screening programme for early breast cancer detection can influence future artificial intelligence to streamline early breast cancer detection. Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, with more than 2 million new cases diagnosed and over half a million women dying from the disease annually.(1) Many countries, including Norway, have implemented mammographic screening to detect breast cancer in an early stage of disease development, as an early intervention has clear benefits on the disease outcome. In Norway, all women aged 50 to 69 years are invited to biennial mammographic screening through the national screening program, BreastScreen Norway.(2)
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Maes, R. M., D. J. Dronkers, J. H. Hendriks, M. A. Thijssen y H. W. Nab. "Do non-specific minimal signs in a biennial mammographic breast cancer screening programme need further diagnostic assessment?" British Journal of Radiology 70, n.º 829 (enero de 1997): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.70.829.9059292.
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Mateo Gómez, Alonso y Raquel Bravo Marín. "Historias personales como recurso didáctico para investigar la historia reciente a través de un proyecto transnacional". Pulso. Revista de educación, n.º 43 (20 de octubre de 2020): 235–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.58265/pulso.4808.
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El objetivo de este proyecto fue desarrollar estrategias metodológicas que permitiesen a los alumnos de educación secundaria de diferentes países trabajar el área de ciencias sociales de un modo activo. Durante el bienio 2014-2016, seis centros educativos de España, Alemania, Turquía, Polonia, Rumanía y Portugal llevaron a cabo un proyecto de innovación educativa, dentro del marco del programa Erasmus, subvencionado por la Unión Europea. El método supuso la combinación de dos campos diferentes, las ciencias sociales y las historias de vida como estrategia para crear una dinámica de trabajo activa y participativa entre el alumnado, utilizando cuestionarios, búsqueda de información y entrevistas a familiares. Entre los resultados, destaca el video documental con entrevistas. Además, incidir en el impacto sobre los participantes relativo a su progreso personal, desarrollo de sus destrezas interpersonales, su capacidad de comunicación, especialmente en el uso del inglés y la oportunidad de colaborar con alumnos y profesores de otros países en un proyecto educativo conjunto.
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Chiu, Sherry Yueh-Hsia, Nea Malila, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Jean Ching-Yuan Fann y Matti Hakama. "Predicting the effectiveness of the Finnish population-based colorectal cancer screening programme". Journal of Medical Screening 24, n.º 4 (13 de enero de 2017): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141316684524.
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Objective Because colorectal cancer (CRC) has a long natural history, estimating the effectiveness of CRC screening programmes requires long-term follow-up. As an alternative, we here demonstrate the use of a temporal multi-state natural history model to predict the effectiveness of CRC screening. Methods In the Finnish population-based biennial CRC screening programme using faecal occult blood tests (FOBT), which was conducted in a randomised health services study, we estimated the pre-clinical incidence, the mean sojourn time (MST), and the sensitivity of FOBT using a Markov model to analyse data from 2004 to 2007. These estimates were applied to predict, through simulation, the effects of five rounds of screening on the relative rate of reducing advanced CRC with 6 years of follow-up, and on the reduction in mortality with 10 years of follow-up, in a cohort of 500,000 subjects aged 60 to 69. Results For localised and non-localised CRC, respectively, the MST was 2.06 and 1.36 years and the sensitivity estimates were 65.12% and 73.70%. The predicted relative risk of non-localised CRC and death from CRC in the screened compared with the control population was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.79–0.98) and 0.91 (95% CI: 0.85–1.02), respectively. Conclusion Based on the preliminary results of the Finnish CRC screening programme, our model predicted a 9% reduction in CRC mortality and a 14% reduction in advanced CRC.
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Toja Reboredo, Belen, Francisco Carreiro da Costa y Miguel Angel González Valeiro. "El diario en la formación en preservicio: Historia de un encuentro en el INEF de Galicia". Retos, n.º 3 (29 de marzo de 2015): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i3.35097.
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En el INEF de Galicia, al igual que en otros INEFS, desde el curso 94/95 se está impartiendo un nuevo plan de estudios, lo cual ha supuesto la aparición de nuevas asignaturas, diferente estructura, distintas exigencias para los alumnos. Con este motivo, durante el bienio 96/98, se llevó a cabo un programa de tutorización de alumnos en Practicum, que originó una investigación que culminó en una tesis doctoral (Toja, 2001). En ella, se estudió el pensamiento y experiencias de los alumnos que cursan el Practicum, proponiendo la Investigación-Acción como instrumento de formación. (Toja y otros, 1998 y Toja, 2001).El objetivo de este artículo no es mostrar las posibilidades del diario en los programas de formación, esto en su momento fue uno de los objetos de estudio de la tesis anteriormente referida, pero esta tarea cubrió cientos de hojas imposible de reducir al espacio de un artículo. Lo que aquí presentamos fue el encuentro entre las alumnas y dicho instrumento con la intención de que otros profesionales que lo quieran aplicar tengan referencias previas
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Bolin, Terry D. "Screening programme based on biennial faecal occult blood tests may reduce colorectal cancer deaths but not all-cause mortality". Evidence-based Oncology 3, n.º 2 (junio de 2002): 63–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/ebon.2002.0013.
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Brown, Jeremy P., Kate Wooldrage, Suzanne Wright, Claire Nickerson, Amanda J. Cross y Wendy S. Atkin. "High test positivity and low positive predictive value for colorectal cancer of continued faecal occult blood test screening after negative colonoscopy". Journal of Medical Screening 25, n.º 2 (3 de mayo de 2017): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141317698501.
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Objectives The English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme offers biennial guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) screening to 60–74-year-olds. Participants with positive results are referred for follow-up, but many do not have significant findings. If they remain age eligible, these individuals are reinvited for gFOBT screening. We evaluated the performance of repeat screening in this group. Methods We analysed data on programme participants reinvited to gFOBT screening after either previous negative gFOBT ( n = 327,542), or positive gFOBT followed by a diagnostic investigation negative for colorectal cancer (CRC) or adenomas requiring surveillance ( n = 42,280). Outcomes calculated were uptake, test positivity, yield of CRC, and positive predictive value (PPV) of gFOBT for CRC. Results For participants with a previous negative gFOBT, uptake in the subsequent screening round was 87.5%, positivity was 1.3%, yield of CRC was 0.112% of those adequately screened, and the PPV of gFOBT for CRC was 9.1%. After a positive gFOBT and a negative diagnostic investigation, uptake in the repeat screening round was 82.6%, positivity was 11.3%, CRC yield was 0.172% of participants adequately screened, and the PPV of gFOBT for CRC was 1.7%. Conclusion With high positivity and low PPV for CRC, the suitability of routine repeat gFOBT screening in two years among individuals with a previous positive test and a negative diagnostic examination needs to be carefully considered.
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Coldman, Andrew J., Norm Phillips, Ivo A. Olivotto, Paula Gordon, Linda Warren y Lisa Kan. "Impact of changing from annual to biennial mammographic screening on breast cancer outcomes in women aged 50–79 in British Columbia". Journal of Medical Screening 15, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2008): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jms.2008.008064.
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Objectives The objective of this study was to compare breast cancer outcomes among women subject to different policies on mammography screening frequency. Setting Data were obtained for women participating in the Screening Mammography Programme of British Columbia (SMPBC) for 1988–2005. The SMPBC changed its policy for women aged 50–79 years from annual to biennial mammography in 1997, but retained an annual recommendation for women aged 40–49 years. Methods Breast cancer outcomes were compared for women participating in the programme before and after 1997 for two groups: ages 40–49 and 50–79 years. Results There were data on 658,151 women. Comparing pre-1997 and post-1997, the median interscreen interval increased by 11.1 months in women 50–79 but by only 0.3 months in women aged 40–49. Excluding those detected at initial screen, 6291 breast cancers were identified. Comparing pre-1997 and post-1997: the relative rates (RR) of screen detected cancer increased in women aged 40–49 (RR = 1.32) and the rate of invasive cancers ≥20 mm at diagnosis decreased (RR = 0.83); the rate of cancers with axillary node involvement increased in women aged 50–79 (RR = 1.23). Cancer survival improved after 1997 for women diagnosed at ages 40–49 (hazard ratio = 0.62), but was unchanged for women aged 50–79. Breast cancer mortality rates did not change between the periods in either age group. Conclusion The proximal cancer outcomes considered (staging and survival) improved in women aged 40–49 but this was offset in women aged 50–79 associated with the change in screen frequency. These changes did not result in alterations in breast cancer mortality rates in either age group.
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Schwarzbart, Judith y Kristine Samson. "Deltagelsens kunst?" K&K - Kultur og Klasse 42, n.º 118 (30 de diciembre de 2014): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v42i118.19835.
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Within recent years, art and urbanism have gradually moved closer to each other and come together around socially engaged, dialogical projects. Participation and the creation of urban publics are topics that often concern artists as well as urban planners and activists. Based on a record of this recent conjunction between art and urbanism, the article examines practices, fractures, and conflicts in the aftermath of the social turn. With a point of departure in the coalescing public programme of the Istanbul Biennial and Occupy Gezi at Taksim Square in 2013, the article questions the art of participation. What type of public is created in the participative art? And is an artistic social turn towards the city even possible beyond the art institution? The article concludes that precisely in the conflict between the two different rationales of art and urbanism a participatory, urban public can emerge; a public, however, which lie beyond the intention and rationales of the individual actor.
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Dyavarishetty, Padmavathi V., Shobha S. Kowli, Prachi D. Sondankar, Padmaja K. Chowdary, Anjali A. Nimbalkar y Varsha V. Pai. "Uptake of clinical breast examination services at an urban health centre following community-based awareness programme". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, n.º 4 (25 de marzo de 2021): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211223.
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Background: A significant proportion of women present in advanced stages of breast cancer due to lack of awareness and non-availability of preventive health checkups. Annual clinical breast examination (CBE) in women aged 40-60 years is estimated to reduce mortality in India comparable to that achieved by biennial mammography at considerably low cost. Aim of the project was to encourage women aged 30-70 years to regularly undergo annual CBE.Methods: The five year project was implemented in Mumbai in an estimated population of 15120 distributed in slums and low income group buildings. The beneficiaries of the project were women aged 30-70 years. Two Interventions, i.e. breast cancer education and screening were implemented by the project. List of women eligible for breast cancer screening, was used to track the utilisation of services.Results: Over the period of five years, 14249 one-one health education interactions took place and fourteen group health education sessions were conducted. 59.7% of the women had received health education at least once. Proportion of women trained in doing SBE was 51%. Proportion of women undergoing at least one CBE was 44.1%. Age was significantly associated with availing of services. Two women were detected with breast cancer.Conclusions: This project demonstrated that it is possible to motivate a large number of women to undergo screening, and such health education programmes will slowly improve the awareness and change health seeking behaviour.
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Brown, Jeremy P., Kate Wooldrage, Ines Kralj-Hans, Suzanne Wright, Amanda J. Cross y Wendy S. Atkin. "Effect of once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening on the outcomes of subsequent faecal occult blood test screening". Journal of Medical Screening 26, n.º 1 (3 de octubre de 2018): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141318785654.
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Objective To investigate the outcomes of biennial guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) screening after once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening. Methods Between 1994 and 1999, as part of the UK FS Screening Trial (UKFSST), adults aged 55–64 were randomly allocated to an intervention group (offered FS screening) or a control group (not contacted). From 2006, a subset of UKFSST participants (20,895/44,041 intervention group; 41,497/87,149 control group) were invited to biennial gFOBT screening by the English Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. We analysed gFOBT uptake, test positivity, yield of colorectal cancer (CRC), and positive predictive value (PPV) for CRC, advanced adenomas (AAs), and advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN: AA/CRC). Results Uptake of gFOBT at first invitation was 1.9% lower (65.7% vs. 67.6%, p < 0.01) among intervention versus control group participants. Positivity was 0.4% lower (2.0% vs. 2.4%, p < 0.01) and CRC yield was 0.08% lower (0.19% vs. 0.27%, p = 0.14). PPVs were also lower in the intervention versus control group, at 10.3% vs. 12.3% ( p = 0.44) for CRC, 22.7% vs. 31.4% ( p < 0.01) for AA, and 33.0% vs. 43.7% ( p < 0.01) for ACN. Among those who refused FS ( n = 5532), gFOBT uptake at first invitation was 47.7%, CRC yield was 0.25%, and PPV for ACN was 46.2%. Among FS attenders ( n = 15,363), uptake was 72.2%, CRC yield was 0.18%, and PPV for ACN was 27.9%. Conclusions Uptake, positivity and PPV of gFOBT screening were reduced following prior offer of FS screening. However, a quarter of FS screened participants receiving a diagnostic examination after positive gFOBT were diagnosed with ACN.
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Hofvind, Solveig, Marta Román, Sofie Sebuødegård y Ragnhild S. Falk. "Balancing the benefits and detriments among women targeted by the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program". Journal of Medical Screening 23, n.º 4 (22 de junio de 2016): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141315625088.
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Objective To compute a ratio between the estimated numbers of lives saved from breast cancer death and the number of women diagnosed with a breast cancer that never would have been diagnosed during the woman’s lifetime had she not attended screening (epidemiologic over-diagnosis) in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. Methods The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program invites women aged 50–69 to biennial mammographic screening. Results from published studies using individual level data from the programme for estimating breast cancer mortality and epidemiologic over-diagnosis comprised the basis for the ratio. The mortality reduction varied from 36.8% to 43% among screened women, while estimates on epidemiologic over-diagnosis ranged from 7% to 19.6%. We computed the average estimates for both values. The benefit–detriment ratio, number of lives saved, and number of women over-diagnosed were computed for different scenarios of reduction in breast cancer mortality and epidemiologic over-diagnosis. Results For every 10,000 biennially screened women, followed until age 79, we estimated that 53–61 (average 57) women were saved from breast cancer death, and 45–126 (average 82) were over-diagnosed. The benefit–detriment ratio using average estimates was 1:1.4, indicating that the programme saved about one life per 1–2 women with epidemiologic over-diagnosis. Conclusion The benefit–detriment ratio estimates of the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program, expressed as lives saved from breast cancer death and epidemiologic over-diagnosis, should be interpreted with care due to substantial uncertainties in the estimates, and the differences in the scale of values of the events compared.
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Hofvind, Solveig, Nils Bjurstam, Ragnhild Sørum, Hilde Bjørndal, Steinar Thoresen y Per Skaane. "Number and characteristics of breast cancer cases diagnosed in four periods in the screening interval of a biennial population-based screening programme". Journal of Medical Screening 13, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2006): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914130601300406.
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Kaalby, Lasse, Ulrik Deding, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Anne-Line Volden Havshoi, Erik Zimmermann-Nielsen, Marianne Kirstine Thygesen, Rasmus Kroeijer, Thomas Bjørsum-Meyer y Gunnar Baatrup. "Colon capsule endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening: a randomised controlled trial". BMJ Open Gastroenterology 7, n.º 1 (junio de 2020): e000411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgast-2020-000411.
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IntroductionThe use of capsule endoscopy has become an approved method in small bowel diagnostics, but the same level of integration is not seen in large bowel diagnostics. We will use colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) as a filter test in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening between the faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy. We aim to investigate the clinical performance, population acceptability, and economic implications of the procedure in a large-scale clinical trial.Methods and analysisWe will randomly allocate 124 214 Danish citizens eligible for participation in the national CRC screening programme within the Region of Southern Denmark to either an intervention group or a control group. Prior to submitting a FIT, citizens randomised to the intervention group will be informed about their opportunity to undergo CCE, instead of colonoscopy, if the FIT is positive. Suspected cancers; >3 adenomas <10 mm in size, 1 adenoma >10 mm in size or >4 adenomas regardless of size, detected during CCE will generate an invitation to colonoscopy as per regular screening guidelines, whereas citizens with suspected low risk polyps will re-enter the biennial screening programme. Citizens with no CCE findings will be excluded from screening for 8 years. In the control group, citizens will follow standard screening procedures.Ethics and disseminationAll participants must consent prior to capsule ingestion. All collected data will be handled and stored in accordance with current data protection legislation. Approvals from the regional ethics committee (ref. S-20190100) and the Danish data protection agency have been obtained (ref. 19/29858).Trial registration detailsThe study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under: NCT04049357.
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Senore, Carlo, Cesare Hassan, Daniele Regge, Eva Pagano, Gabriella Iussich, Loredana Correale y Nereo Segnan. "Cost-effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening programmes using sigmoidoscopy and immunochemical faecal occult blood test". Journal of Medical Screening 26, n.º 2 (4 de septiembre de 2018): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141318789710.
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Objective Several European countries are implementing organized colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes using faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and/or flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS), but the cost-effectiveness of these programmes is not yet available. We aimed to assess cost-effectiveness, based on data from the established Piedmont screening programme. Methods Using the Piedmont programme data, a Markov model was constructed comparing three strategies in a simulated cohort of 100,000 subjects: single FS, biennial FIT, or sequential strategy (FS + FIT offered to FS non-responders). Estimates for CRC incidence and mortality prevention were derived from studies of organized screening. Cost analysis for FS and FIT was based on data from organized programmes. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) between the different strategies were calculated. Sensitivity and probabilistic analyses were performed. Results Direct costs for FS, and for FIT at first and subsequent rounds, were estimated as €160, €33, and €21, respectively. All the simulated strategies were effective (10–17% CRC incidence reduction) and cost-effective vs. no screening (ICER <€1000 per life-year saved). FS and FS + FIT were the only cost-saving strategies, with FS least expensive (€15 saving per person invited). FS + FIT and FS were the only non-dominated strategies. FS + FIT were more effective and cost-effective than FS (ICER €1217 per life-year saved). The residual marginal uncertainty was mainly related to parameters inherent to FIT effectiveness and adherence. Conclusions Organized CRC screening programmes are highly cost-effective, irrespective of the test selected. A sequential approach with FS and FIT appears the most cost-effective option. A single FS is the least expensive, but convenient, approach.
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Blom, Johannes, Christian Löwbeer, K. Miriam Elfström, Marika Sventelius, Daniel Öhman, Deborah Saraste y Sven Törnberg. "Gender-specific cut-offs in colorectal cancer screening with FIT: Increased compliance and equal positivity rate". Journal of Medical Screening 26, n.º 2 (18 de octubre de 2018): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141318804843.
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Objective Using quantitative Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening enables adjustment of the cut-off for a positive test. As men have higher stool blood levels and higher prevalence of colorectal neoplasia, different cut-off levels can be chosen for men and women. We evaluated participation and positivity rates switching from guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) (Hemoccult®) to FIT (OC-Sensor), using gender-specific cut-offs. Methods The colorectal cancer screening programme of Stockholm-Gotland, Sweden, started in 2008 and invited individuals aged 60–69 to biennial testing using gFOBT. From 1 October 2015 the test was switched to FIT, with positivity cut-offs of 40 (200) and 80 (400) µg Hb/g (ng/mL) faeces for women and men, respectively. The first year was evaluated for compliance and positivity, number of reminders and incorrect/inadequate tests, compared with gFOBT in the preceding 12-month period. Results There were 127,030 and 87,269 individuals invited to screening with gFOBT and FIT, respectively. The change of test increased overall participation by 11.9% (95% confidence interval 11.5%–12.3%) from 56.5% to 68.4% ( p < 0.001). The increase was larger in men (14.3%) than women (9.7%), and in those aged 60–64 (14.2%) than those aged 65–69 (8.7%). The positivity rate was 2.6% in women and 2.5% in men. There was a lower rate of reminders and incorrect/inadequate tests with FIT. Conclusions Within a well-organised colorectal cancer screening programme, changing the test from gFOBT to FIT markedly increased participation, especially among men, and in the younger age group. With a lower cut-off in women than men, the positivity rate was similar.
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Foley, Fiona y Roisin Guiry. "124 Creating Greater Public Understanding of Dementia: Findings on the Impact of a Coalition-led National Awareness Programme". Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (septiembre de 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.72.
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Abstract Background Dementia Understand Together is a public support, awareness and stigma reduction campaign aimed at inspiring people from all sections of society to stand together with the 55,000 Irish people living with dementia. Led by the HSE working with The Alzheimer Society of Ireland and Genio it is supported by over 40 partner organisations and 230+ community champions, who are creating communities that actively embrace and include those living with dementia and their families. Methods The campaign uses personal testimonial TV commercials, radio advertising, social media and national and local news stories to build understanding among the general public about dementia. At a local level the campaign is growing a movement of people who are taking action to creative inclusive communities across Ireland. Extensive research using national biennial public surveys (2016 and 2018) (N=1003) and campaign evaluation tools has and continues to inform the development and progression of the campaign. Results 33% of respondents described themselves as knowing a lot about dementia, up from 24% in January 2016. There was a significant difference in attitudes between those who were aware of the campaign and those who were not. Dementia risk reduction is a key message of the national campaign and 52% of respondents were aware that there are things they can do to potentially reduce their risk – up from 46% in 2016. 59% who saw the TV campaign said they were impacted in some way as a result of the personal stories featured and stated that they took some action, such as calling into a friend. Conclusion The development and implementation of the campaign is a partnership approach between the leading organisations working in the area of dementia. Findings show that the campaign is creating better understanding of dementia among the general public, increasing awareness of the condition and risk reduction, and is inspiring people to take actions.
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TAYLOR, Peter Mark, Nina SCHNEIDER, Emmanuel HUNTZINGER y Patricia CHARLEBOIS. "DEVELOPMENTS IN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND NATIONAL PLANNING IN THE CASPIAN SEA AND BLACK SEA". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, n.º 1 (1 de mayo de 2014): 1329–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.1329.
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ABSTRACT The Caspian Sea and Black Sea regions have witnessed a growth in oil exploration, production and transportation activities, over a period of more than 15 years. Significant quantities of Caspian Sea region crude oil are shipped via Black Sea ports to markets in Europe. This development of the oil and shipping industries has brought a focus on ensuring an appropriate level of oil spill preparedness. Working under the umbrella of the ‘Global Initiative’ (GI) programme, the international community continues to support governments' efforts to build and implement national and regional systems to ensure effective response to major incidents. Recent progress in the Caspian Sea is described, notably the signing in 2011 by the five countries surrounding the Caspian Sea (the littoral States) of a regional agreement for co-operation in case of major oil spills - the so-called ‘Aktau Protocol’ to the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea (“Tehran Convention”). This Protocol is expected to enter into force in 2014 and will provide the legal basis for co-operation between the countries. A regional plan under the Protocol is in final draft and will provide the operational tool for implementation of regional cooperation and coordination procedures. The draft regional plan will be described, including its alignment to the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Cooperation (OPRC) and the promotion of integrated response between governments and industry. National oil spill contingency plans provide the fundamental building blocks for the regional co-operation mechanism. Information will be presented on the recent developments concerning two national plans in the Caspian Sea, i.e. Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan. The role of international organizations and the oil industry in supporting the respective government's development of these plans and the opportunities available to assist their implementation is discussed. The on-going biennial Black Sea regional exercise activity is used to illustrate how such a programme facilitates and encourages sustainable oil spill preparedness at the regional level. Information will be presented concerning the 2011 exercise, the key lessons learned and potential developments of the exercise programme in the future.
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Antonini de Souza, Paulo César y Maria Carolina Rodrigues. "Arte popular na região fronteiriça Brasil-Paraguai". MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 3, n.º 3 (8 de diciembre de 2019): 154–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463-2019-v3-n3-p154-166.
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Resumo Este artigo descreve o percurso investigativo originado por uma pesquisa vinculada ao Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC desenvolvida no biênio 2016/2017, objetivando compreender a inexistência de artistas visuais bidimensionais na região de fronteira seca, situada no encontro entre Ponta Porã e Pedro Juan Caballero. Com abordagem qualitativa e condução fenomenológica, a pesquisa situada abarcou o período de 04 a 10 de abril de 2017 e se fundamentou pela análise do conteúdo de cinco Diários de Campo, considerando o registro de conversas desenvolvidas com seis interlocutores em atuação na área de artes. Os resultados da investigação denotam quatro elementos que podem auxiliar a superar os fatores da inexistência de artistas populares bidimensionais naquela região, promovendo um espaço que os acolha e considere.Palavras-chave: Artistas Populares. Fronteira Seca. Epistemologia. Intencionalidade. Popular art in the Brazil-Paraguay border region Abstract This article describes the course of a research originated from the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC developed in the 2016/2017, in order to understand the absence of bidimensional visual artists in the border region between Ponta Porã and Pedro Juan Caballero. Using a qualitative approach of phenomenological conduct, the situated research it happened in April 4 to 10, 2017 and was based on the analysis of the content of five Field Diaries, considering notes of conversations developed with six interlocutors working in the arts. The research results indicate four elements that can help overcome the lack of bidimensional popular artists in that region, promoting a space that welcomes and considers them.Keywords: Popular Artists. Dry Frontier. Epistemology. Intentionality. Arte popular en la región fronteriza Brasil-Paraguay Resumen Este artículo describe el camino de investigación originado por una investigación vinculada al Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC, desarrollada en el bienio 2016/2017, con el objetivo de comprender la inexistencia de artistas visuales bidimensionales en la región de la frontera seca, ubicada en la reunión entre Ponta Porã y Pedro Juan Caballero. Con un enfoque cualitativo y una conducción fenomenológica, la investigación abarcó el período del 4 al 10 de abril de 2017 y se basó en el análisis de contenido de cinco diarios de campo, considerando las anotaciones. Se desarrollaron conversaciones con seis interlocutores que trabajan en el área de las artes. Los resultados de la investigación denotan cuatro elementos que pueden ayudar a superar los factores de la ausencia de artistas populares bidimensionales en esa región, promoviendo un espacio que los acoge y los considera.Palabras clave: Artistas Populares. Frontera Seca. Epistemología. Intencionalidad.
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Antonini de Souza, Paulo César y Maria Carolina Rodrigues. "Arte popular na região fronteiriça Brasil-Paraguai". MOTRICIDADES: Revista da Sociedade de Pesquisa Qualitativa em Motricidade Humana 3, n.º 3 (8 de diciembre de 2019): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.29181/2594-6463.2019.v3.n3.p154-166.
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ResumoEste artigo descreve o percurso investigativo originado por uma pesquisa vinculada ao Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC desenvolvida no biênio 2016/2017, objetivando compreender a inexistência de artistas visuais bidimensionais na região de fronteira seca, situada no encontro entre Ponta Porã e Pedro Juan Caballero. Com abordagem qualitativa e condução fenomenológica, a pesquisa situada abarcou o período de 04 a 10 de abril de 2017 e se fundamentou pela análise do conteúdo de cinco Diários de Campo, considerando o registro de conversas desenvolvidas com seis interlocutores em atuação na área de artes. Os resultados da investigação denotam quatro elementos que podem auxiliar a superar os fatores da inexistência de artistas populares bidimensionais naquela região, promovendo um espaço que os acolha e considere.Palavras-chave: Artistas Populares. Fronteira Seca. Epistemologia. Intencionalidade.Popular art in the Brazil-Paraguay border regionAbstractThis article describes the course of a research originated from the Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC developed in the 2016/2017, in order to understand the absence of bidimensional visual artists in the border region between Ponta Porã and Pedro Juan Caballero. Using a qualitative approach of phenomenological conduct, the situated research it happened in April 4 to 10, 2017 and was based on the analysis of the content of five Field Diaries, considering notes of conversations developed with six interlocutors working in the arts. The research results indicate four elements that can help overcome the lack of bidimensional popular artists in that region, promoting a space that welcomes and considers them.Keywords: Popular Artists. Dry Frontier. Epistemology. Intentionality.Arte popular en la región fronteriza Brasil-ParaguayResumenEste artículo describe el camino de investigación originado por una investigación vinculada al Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica – PIBIC, desarrollada en el bienio 2016/2017, con el objetivo de comprender la inexistencia de artistas visuales bidimensionales en la región de la frontera seca, ubicada en la reunión entre Ponta Porã y Pedro Juan Caballero. Con un enfoque cualitativo y una conducción fenomenológica, la investigación abarcó el período del 4 al 10 de abril de 2017 y se basó en el análisis de contenido de cinco diarios de campo, considerando las anotaciones. Se desarrollaron conversaciones con seis interlocutores que trabajan en el área de las artes. Los resultados de la investigación denotan cuatro elementos que pueden ayudar a superar los factores de la ausencia de artistas populares bidimensionales en esa región, promoviendo un espacio que los acoge y los considera.Palabras clave: Artistas Populares. Frontera Seca. Epistemología. Intencionalidad.
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Lister, Kate, Victoria K. Pearson, Tim Coughlan y Felipe Tessarolo. "Inclusion in Uncertain Times: Changes in Practices, Perceptions, and Attitudes around Accessibility and Inclusive Practice in Higher Education". Education Sciences 12, n.º 8 (21 de agosto de 2022): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080571.
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Accessibility, inclusive teaching, and student support are multi-faceted; they are dependent on wider institutional factors, such as leadership, resource, systems, and culture. To be truly inclusive requires a whole institution approach, with voices, perspectives, and stakeholder buy-in sought from across the institution. This can be extremely challenging because these can be sensitive to myriad institutional, sector, and societal changes that can influence working practices, resource management, and capacity. In this paper, we analyse responses from three iterations of a biennial staff survey conducted in 2017, 2019, and 2021 at the Open University (OU), capturing views on accessibility and inclusion before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and other challenging circumstances. These responses, from tutors, module and programme teams, educational technologists, library staff, and student support teams, reveal crucial insight into the (in)accessibility of support and practice across the institution, as well as insight into staff skills, attitudes, and knowledge around accessibility, and the fitness for purpose of the systems and structures in place. In this analysis, we explore how staff practices and perceptions change over time; identify the themes that remain constant over time, despite global circumstances; and explore how these themes can inform a whole-institution approach to accessibility and inclusion.
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Standaert, Baudouin y Bernd Benninghoff. "Defining the Recipe for an Optimal Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in a High-Income Country in Europe". Viruses 14, n.º 2 (18 de febrero de 2022): 425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020425.
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Observational data over 15 years of rotavirus vaccine introduction in Belgium have indicated that rotavirus hospitalisations in children aged <5 years plateaued at a higher level than expected, and was followed by biennial disease peaks. The research objective was to identify factors influencing these real-world vaccine impact data. We constructed mathematical models simulating rotavirus-related hospitalisations by age group and year for those children. Two periods were defined using different model constructs. First, the vaccine uptake period encompassed the years required to cover the whole at-risk population. Second, the post-uptake period covered the years in which a new infection/disease equilibrium was reached. The models were fitted to the observational data using optimisation programmes with regression and differential equations. Modifying parameter values identified factors affecting the pattern of hospitalisations. Results indicated that starting vaccination well before the peak disease season in the first year and rapidly achieving high coverage was critical in maximising early herd effect and minimising secondary sources of infection. This, in turn, would maximise the reduction in hospitalisations and minimise the size and frequency of subsequent disease peaks. The analysis and results identified key elements to consider for countries initiating an optimal rotavirus vaccine launch programme.
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Lloyd, Heather y Reena Kaur. "Collaboration and co-production with Black, Asian and minority ethnic students: working in partnership with our students to inform and deliver access and participation practice". Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning 23, n.º 3 (9 de diciembre de 2021): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5456/wpll.23.3.108.
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In recent years, the topic of UK-domiciled undergraduate students from Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) backgrounds not accessing, succeeding and progressing as well as their White peers in Higher Education (HE) has gained increased policy and media attention. Institutions are required to address gaps amongst student groups that are underrepresented within HE, including students from BAME backgrounds, through their Office for Students' (OfS) regulated Access and Participation Plan (APP). This paper offers specific examples of how Edge Hill University, a university in North West England, has begun to approach this work in the new regulatory environment. APPs now place an increased emphasis upon research informed practice, student engagement, consultation, and evaluation. This innovative practice article provides a detailed example of genuine collaboration and coproduction with students to develop and deliver APP work, and extends an earlier presentation delivered at the March 2021 Open University Access Participation and Success International Biennial Conference. In this article, the authors outline the development of a new Diversity Access Programme and a BAME Student Advisory Panel. The paper offers a reflective account of how APP leads, Widening Participation (WP) practitioners, evaluators and students can work together effectively in partnership to design and deliver WP initiatives.
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Dyavarishetty, Padmavathi V., Dipak C. Patil y Shobha S. Kowli. "Outcomes of community based mammography camps in urban and rural Maharashtra". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, n.º 1 (25 de diciembre de 2020): 346. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20205720.
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Background: Breast cancer ranks at number one, amongst all cancer cases in India. Biennial mammography screening is recommended to enhance early detection of breast cancer. Lack of awareness, cost and availability of services is a hindering factor to undergo screening. Free screening mammography camps as means to motivate women to seek the facility at her doorstep was the strategy adopted under the breast cancer awareness and screening programme. The outcome of the mammography camps is reported here.Methods: Mammography camps were conducted in urban and rural areas of Maharashtra over a period of three years. The process involved identification of eligible beneficiaries, health education, clinical breast examination followed by mammography in the mobile unit. Each camp had 25 to 40 women as this was the maximum limit that could be done per day by the mobile unit.Results: Total 358 women underwent mammography screening in 10 community based screening camps, of which 2 camps were conducted in rural areas. Women were mostly between 50 to 70 years. Of the 40.8% women with some abnormalities in the mammogram, one was diagnosed with breast cancer and eight had benign breast lesions.Conclusions: Though only a single case was detected, the camp approach was successful in sensitising the women on the need for preventive health checkup and motivated women to undergo mammography. Organising camps is by no means an easy task, however the camp approach may be the only way to provide access to mammography facilities in most parts of the country.
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Hofvind, Solveig, Bonnie C. Yankaskas, Jean-Luc Bulliard, Carrie N. Klabunde y Jacques Fracheboud. "Comparing Interval Breast Cancer Rates in Norway and North Carolina: Results and Challenges". Journal of Medical Screening 16, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2009): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jms.2009.009012.
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Objective To compare interval breast cancer rates (ICR) between a biennial organized screening programme in Norway and annual opportunistic screening in North Carolina (NC) for different conceptualizations of interval cancer. Setting Two regions with different screening practices and performance. Methods 620,145 subsequent screens (1996–2002) performed in women aged 50–69 and 1280 interval cancers were analysed. Various definitions and quantification methods for interval cancers were compared. Results ICR for one year follow-up were lower in Norway compared with NC both when the rate was based on all screens (0.54 versus 1.29 per 1000 screens), negative final assessments (0.54 versus 1.29 per 1000 screens), and negative screening assessments (0.53 versus 1.28 per 1000 screens). The rate of ductal carcinoma in situ was significantly lower in Norway than in NC for cases diagnosed in both the first and second year after screening. The distributions of histopathological tumour size and lymph node involvement in invasive cases did not differ between the two regions for interval cancers diagnosed during the first year after screening. In contrast, in the second year after screening, tumour characteristics remained stable in Norway but became prognostically more favorable in NC. Conclusion Even when applying a common set of definitions of interval cancer, the ICR was lower in Norway than in NC. Different definitions of interval cancer did not influence the ICR within Norway or NC. Organization of screening and screening performance might be major contributors to the differences in ICR between Norway and NC.
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Booth, Vernon R. y Kevin M. Dunham. "Elephant poaching in Niassa Reserve, Mozambique: population impact revealed by combined survey trends for live elephants and carcasses". Oryx 50, n.º 1 (15 de octubre de 2014): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605314000568.
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AbstractTrends in the populations of large herbivores in Niassa Reserve, Mozambique, have been monitored through biennial aerial surveys since 1998. The elephant Loxodonta africana population has been subjected to intensive illegal hunting since 2006. We used a simple population model to mimic the observed trends in the numbers of live and dead elephants to demonstrate the impact of poaching. The number of fresh or recent carcasses recorded was used in the model as an index of the annual mortality rate. A maximum likelihood analysis to compare population models revealed that the best fit to the survey estimates of both live elephants and old or very old carcasses was a model that started with 6,635 elephants in 1987. This number increased through births by 4.6% annually and decreased through deaths from natural and anthropogenic causes. In the best-fit model, the mean mortality rate in any year was 3.2 times the observed 1 + 2 carcass ratio (ratio for carcasses in age categories 1 and 2), and carcasses remained visible for a mean of 6 years. The model suggested that c. 900 elephants were poached during 2007–2010 and another c. 1,000 during 2011. Population estimates for live elephants and carcasses are now routine outcomes of aerial surveys conducted as part of the CITES programme for Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants, and our method can be applied to any population with a time series of estimates for live and dead elephants.
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Pakeerathan, K. y K. Venugoban. "The First Report of GPS-based Mapping of Parthenium Beetle (Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister) Occurrence, Distribution and its Impact on Parthenium (<em>Parthenium hysterophorus</em> L.) in Northern Sri Lanka". Journal of Agricultural Sciences – Sri Lanka 19, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2024): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v19i1.9855.
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Purpose: Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a globally recognized one of the most invasive noxious weeds. It has invaded more than 17 districts in Sri Lanka, and is listed under weed of national significance for eradication. Biological control using parthenium beetle Zygogramma bicolorata is one of the promising eco-friendly strategies for Parthenium management and is successful in many countries.Research Method: The biennial survey was conducted to explore the potential biocontrol agent Z. bicolarata of the parthenium and its dispersal around Northern Sri Lanka. Preliminary survey data identified sampling sites that were chosen to draw the distribution and density maps of Parthenium beetle (Z. bicolarata) using GPS tools. The field and greenhouse damage incidence of Z. bicolarata on Parthenium was calculated and subjected to ANOVA using SAS 9.1. Tukey's HSD multiple comparison test to identify the best treatment combination at P <0.05.Findings: The results exhibit that the Z. bicolarata distribution is confined to the Jaffna district in Northern Sri Lanka, and occurrence was first time in Valikamam North in the year 2019/20. The highest density of the Z. bicolorata population was 35-62 per m2 in the Valikamam North DS division in the years 2019/20 and 2020/21, respectively. The damage incidence varied from <10%-100%, but maximum field damage was 25->50% in Valikamam North whereas in the greenhouse 10 grubs inflicted 75-100% defoliation in 9±0.75 days.Originality/Value: This is the first report of occurrence of Z. bicolorata and detailed study of its distribution, damage on Parthenium to decide the biological Parthenium control programme.
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Wu, Wendy Y.-Y., Lennarth Nyström y Håkan Jonsson. "Estimation of overdiagnosis in breast cancer screening using a non-homogeneous multi-state model: A simulation study". Journal of Medical Screening 25, n.º 4 (19 de noviembre de 2017): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969141317733294.
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Objectives Overdiagnosis is regarded as a harm of screening. We aimed to develop a non-homogeneous multi-state model to consider the age-specific transition rates for estimation of overdiagnosis, to validate the model by a simulation study where the true frequency of overdiagnosis can be calculated, and to compare our estimate with the cumulative incidence method. Methods We constructed a four-state model to describe the natural history of breast cancer. The latent disease progression and the observed states for each individual were simulated in a trial with biennial screening of women aged 51–69 and a control group of the same size without screening. We performed 100 repetitions of the simulation with one million women to evaluate the performance of estimates. A sensitivity analysis with reduced number of controls was performed to imitate the data from the service screening programme. Results Based on the 100 repetitions, the mean value of the true frequency of overdiagnosis was 12.5% and the average estimates by the cumulative incidence method and the multi-state model were 12.9% (interquartile range: 2.46%) and 13.4% (interquartile range: 2.16%), respectively. The multi-state model had a greater bias of overdiagnosis than the cumulative incidence method, but the variation in the estimates was smaller. When the number of unscreened group was reduced, the variation of multi-state model estimates increased. Conclusions The multi-state model produces a proper estimate of overdiagnosis and the results are comparable with the cumulative incidence method. The multi-state model can be used in the estimation of overdiagnosis, and might be useful for the ongoing service screening programmes.