Tesis sobre el tema "Profondeurs"
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Fonblanc, Gilles. "Mousses syndactiques : matériaux composites pour grandes profondeurs". Bordeaux 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR10517.
Fonblanc, Gilles. "Mousses syntactiques matériaux composites pour grandes profondeurs". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597655p.
Alligier-Otanian, Sandrine. "Profondeurs et horizons de la demande religieuse : La sécularisation en marche". Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10041.
Bouchonneau, Nadège. "Etude du comportement des systèmes d'isolation thermique pour les grandes profondeurs d'eau". Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA2010.
This work deals with the study of the thermomechanical behaviour of multilayered thermal insulation systems protecting subsea pipelines, used in the context of deep sea offshore exploitation (down to 3000 M water depth)
Caya, René. "Étude sur la psychologie des profondeurs de C.G. Jung : alchimie et processus d'individuation". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6839/1/000636550.pdf.
Durand, Jean-Yves. "Le sens des profondeurs : Ethnographie d'une pratique divinatoire : la sourcellerie, entre hydrogéologie et parasciences". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10048.
Martinez-Rodriguez, Fernando. "Mmt : un système de stéréovision anthropomorphe pour le calcul de cartes denses de profondeurs". Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT115H.
Philippe, Bertrand. "Etude d’interfaces électrode/électrolyte dans des batteries Li-ion par spectroscopie photoélectronique à différentes profondeurs". Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3006/document.
Compounds forming alloys with lithium, such as silicon or tin, are promising negative electrode materials for the next generation of Li-ion batteries and an important issue is to better understand the phenomena occurring at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces of these materials. The stability of the passivation layer (SEI) is crucial for good battery performance and its nature, formation and evolution have to be investigated. It is also important to follow upon cycling alloying/dealloying processes, the evolution of surface oxides with battery cycling and the change in surface chemistry when storing electrodes in the electrolyte. The aim of this thesis is to improve the knowledge of these surface reactions through a non-destructive depth-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the surface of new negative electrodes. A unique combination utilizing hard and soft-ray photoelectron spectroscopy allows by variation of the photon energy an analysis from the extreme surface to the bulk of the particles. This experimental approach was used to access the interfacial phase transitions at the surface of silicon or tin particles as well as the composition and thickness/covering of the SEI. Interfacial mechanisms occurring upon the first electrochemical cycle and upon long-term cycling of Si-based electrodes cycled with the classical salt LiPF6 and with a new promising salt, LiFSI were investigated as well as the interfacial reactions occurring upon the first cycle of an intermetallic compound MnSn2 were studied
Viguier, Régis. "Au seuil de la psychologie des profondeurs : etude comparative des doctrines de janet et d'adler". Paris, EPHE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPHE0019.
The author has chosen two psychologists of the time of the psychoanalytic revolution : janet, prior to the freudian movement and adler, contemporaneous and beneficiciary of this current. So a continuity appears between janet, freud and adler, janet being at the origin of the later, evolution of psychology. After the introductory chapter showing the creative springing up of the xixth century, matrix of the xx th, the author compares the educational climate of janet and adler. Two different personalities appear with some basic ideas in common-importance of the social aspect and weakness in the building of the personality, universal search for strength, refusal of speculative explanations. This comparative study leads to a contrasted vision of janet : a brillant academic, author of an original work : a synthesis of the personality from the simple to the complex, the study of behaviours, with the concepts of psychologic strength and tension, the morbid role of the trauma memory which has become subconscious, the nosography of psychastheny, but an academic, prisoner of his scientific mind who has stopped on his way. Adler benefits from this psychoanalytic movement, even if, finally, his work is totally different from that of freud. Both have been victims of freudism
Hammad, Tammam. "Comportement des sédiments marins de grande profondeur : approche multiéchelle". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00559400.
Cormier, Geoffroy. "Analyse statique et dynamique de cartes de profondeurs : application au suivi des personnes à risque sur leur lieu de vie". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S146.
In France, fall is the first death cause for people aged 75 and more, and the second death cause for people aged 65 and more. It is considered that falls generate about 1 to 2 billion euros health costs per year. The human and social-economical issue is crucial, knowing that for the mentioned populations, fall risk is multiplied by 20 after a first fall; that the death risk is multiplied by 4 in the year following a fall; that per year, 30% of the people aged 65 and more and 50% of the people aged 85 and more are subject to falls; and that it is estimated that more than 30% of the French population whill be older than 65 years old by 2050. This thesis proposes a ground lying event detection device which bases on the real time analysis of depth maps, and also proposes an improvement of the device, which uses an additional thermal sensor. Depth maps and thermal images ensure the device is independent from textures and lighting conditions of the observed scenes, and guarantee that the device respects the privacy of those who pass into its field of view, since nobody can be recognized in such images. This thesis also proposes several methods to detect the ground plane in a depth map, the ground plane being a geometrical reference for the device. A psycho-social inquiry was conducted, and enabled the evaluation of the a priori acceptability of the proposed device. This inquiry demonstrated the good acceptability of the proposed device, and resulted in recommendations on points to be improved and on pitfalls to avoid. Last, a method to separate and track objects detected in a depth map is proposed, the measurement of the activity of observed individuals being a long term objective for the device
Le, Lous Morgan. "Transferts de pression, de masse et d'énergie au sein des systèmes aquifères grandes profondeurs : application à la géothermie haute énergie". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30003.
Used for thousands of years under its natural manifestations, this resource has been commercially exploited since the twentieth century, for the heating of buildings, certain industrial uses and the production of electricity. France is one of the pioneers in the direct use of heat, whereas no industrial cluster is truly effective for the production of geothermal electricity. The selected project, FONGEOSEC, aims to design and produce an innovative pre-industrial demonstrator of a high enthalpy geothermal power plant operated by cogeneration of electricity and heat. A research and development project, led by a consortium of industrial and scientific partners, aims to launch the high-temperature geothermal industrial sector in France. The general objective of this thesis is to improve the understanding of the hydraulic, mass and thermal behavior of deep porous formations in response to long-term anthropogenic stress. The aim is to identify the key parameters governing the response of the reservoir complex related to geothermal operation. A particular point will be devoted to characterize the part of each mode of transport of heat in porous medium – thermal conduction, free and forced convection – in the establishment of the thermal performances of the geothermal power plant. Several technical operating devices will be proposed to reduce the uncertainties associated with the underground geothermal system and guarantee the success of the FONGEOSEC project. The impact of thermo-convective mechanisms in the vicinity of deep geothermal borehole remains poorly documented, especially in the case of deviated wells with a complex inner geometry. The evaluation of the hydraulic and thermal performances of the device, based on 3D numerical modeling, is conducted according to different approaches
Péton, Loïc. "Penser l'existence de vie dans les profondeurs marines au XIXe siècle : entre abîme impossible et origine du vivant (1804-1885)". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0001/document.
Abyss : chasm, hell, chaos. On the fringe of the western civilization, the marine depths were regarded as impenetrable and were depreciated before being studied during the 19th century. At sea, the naturalist took over fishing techniques and rummaged through a dark universe to collect an unknown fauna.This thesis shows the importance of the various influences that shaped the scientific theories about the existence of life in the abyss.The idea of a limit for marine life, beneath a given depth, dominated, notably using the azoic theory (1843) of the British Edward Forbes (1815-1854). According to us, this theory was a “final horizon”, that is to say an anthropomorphic finitude placed on the animal distribution. Later, the representation of a life inhabiting every place – a “triumphant life” – replaced it during the 1860s to form the basis of our current knowledge, at a time when the abyss was regarded as a “lair of the past” containing “living-fossils”. These representations were reflections of a culture and of interests.This work also reveals that the scientists focused on some objects like the seabed, which was a fixed mark considered through a terrestrial view linked to an analogy with altitude. The bathymetric face of the ocean emerged while the submarine cable became an “interface of revival” for the knowledge about the abyss. The will to design an “absolute panorama” of the ocean was present in this period, using horizontal (every sea) and vertical (every depth) extrapolations from a few facts
Vernerey, Franck. "Analyse multivariable de données ToF-SIMS, spectres de surface - profiles en profondeurs - imagerie de surface : développement du logiciel MULTI-ION SIMS". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10247.
POZEK, ANTON. "La personnalite et la conscience de l'autre sexe a l'adolescence (la psychologie dialectique des profondeurs en tant que modele theorique de la psychologie clinique)". Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H061.
Millet, Marc-Alban. "Interactions de faibles profondeurs et géochimie des basaltes d'îles océaniques : implications sur les modes d'acquisition de la signature isotopique et sur la topogique mantellique". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718419.
Millet, Marc-Alban. "Interactions de faibles profondeurs et géochimie des basaltes d'îles océaniques : implications sur les modes d'acquisition de la signature isotopique et sur la topogique mantellique". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21794.
Laporte, Marine. "Contribution à l'amélioration de l’estimation de la profondeur hypocentrale à partir de réseaux régionaux ou globaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPSLE055.
This thesis focuses on the different methods of estimating hypocentral depth and on the identification of localization uncertainties that may be associated with them. At a regional distance, we use these methods to map small hypocentral depth variations related to the activity of the Great Himalayan Thrust in Nepal or to analyze opportunistic seismic crisis. The effects of different sources of uncertainty on the hypocentral depths are quantified through a global Sobol-Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis. To improve the estimation of the hypocentral depth at teleseismic distance, we develop a new method of depth identification from the pP/sP arrivals in the energetic envelopes of the teleseismic signals. An adaptation of this teleseismic envelopes method allows us to highlight relative lateral depth variations along subduction interfaces in Chile and Ecuador. The different scales of observations and the different depth estimation techniques are compared on intermediate magnitude events (M>5) in order to characterize the depth uncertainty at teleseismic distance, to highlight or quantify specific sources of bias or to reinforce some regional seismotectonic interpretations
Schramm, Florian. "Contributions à l'asservissement visuel : la commande 2D étendue". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066409.
Visual servoing aims for actuated manipulators to interact with their environment by exploiting visual cues. Within this framework, this thesis studies the closed loop behaviour for a choosen feature vector, namely composed by the extended 2D coordinates of a cloud of image points. Amongst other, global asymptotic stability can be shown in the nominal case, and local asymptotic stability in the case of calibration errors. The selected features do not require any 3D reconstruction of camera pose nor orientation, which allows for a simple image treatment. Secondly, the visibility problem is treated. Indeed, moving the manipulator with a camera mounted on its end-effector in an arbitrary way may cause the target to leave the field of view and, in turn, the servoing to fail. Hence, trajectories are planned in extended 2D coordinates along which the target remains visible. Two different algorithms are proposed, which guaranties visibility by closed form solutions invariant to calibration errors. All theoretical results have been validated by experiments
Checchin, Paul. "Segmentation d'images de profondeur". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF21871.
Enriquez, Romain. "L’invention littéraire de l’inconscient dans le récit de fiction (contes, nouvelles, romans) entre 1850 et 1895". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040069.
Unlike a set of studies which tack psychoanalytical concepts onto pre-texts, i.e .texts transformed into material for analysis, we study the specific contribution of fiction (novels, tales, short stories, narrative forms…) to the invention of the concept of unconscious. In the second half of the 19th century, the unconscious makes a crucial appearance behind the mask of words (“depth”, “automatic”, “without knowledge”, “obsession”…), topics (dreams, hypnosis, hysteria…), characters (facing personality, behavior or memory disorders…) and narrative voices. Literary history has always gathered writers in “literary movements” embodied in “manifestos”; yet this categorisation collapses under the pressure of this notion or intuition, more difficult to grasp as it proves to be protean. All of them wonder about the depths of artistic creation, the unintended language of the body, the duality or little reality of “ego”; all of them throw a stone without knowing the monument at which they are aiming. From Flaubert to Zola and Huysmans, Barbey d’Aurevilly, Goncourt, Bourget, Maupassant, Dujardin – just to name a few –, we investigate how fiction dialogues with various knowledges (psychophysiology, medicine, philosophy, biology…) and, along with science, how fiction may develop its symbolic arsenal, its hermeneutic register and becomes an epistemological player in its own right. Again, we investigate how literature, in opposition to the speeches skillful with scientific neutrality, operates freely, but not free of ambiguities. Indeed, it involves with reader in the writing of an unconscious not so much described but rather constructed, not so much discovered but rather invented
LETHANH, HUONG. "Circuits arithmetiques en profondeur constante". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112372.
GHIDAGLIA, CLAUDE. "Filtration en profondeur de particules". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066371.
Resmerita, Diana. "Compression pour l'apprentissage en profondeur". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ4043.
Autonomous cars are complex applications that need powerful hardware machines to be able to function properly. Tasks such as staying between the white lines, reading signs, or avoiding obstacles are solved by using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to classify or detect objects. It is highly important that all the networks work in parallel in order to transmit all the necessary information and take a common decision. Nowadays, as the networks improve, they also have become bigger and more computational expensive. Deploying even one network becomes challenging. Compressing the networks can solve this issue. Therefore, the first objective of this thesis is to find deep compression methods in order to cope with the memory and computational power limitations present on embedded systems. The compression methods need to be adapted to a specific processor, Kalray's MPPA, for short term implementations. Our contributions mainly focus on compressing the network post-training for storage purposes, which means compressing the parameters of the network without retraining or changing the original architecture and the type of the computations. In the context of our work, we decided to focus on quantization. Our first contribution consists in comparing the performances of uniform quantization and non-uniform quantization, in order to identify which of the two has a better rate-distortion trade-off and could be quickly supported in the company. The company's interest is also directed towards finding new innovative methods for future MPPA generations. Therefore, our second contribution focuses on comparing standard floating-point representations (FP32, FP16) to recently proposed alternative arithmetical representations such as BFloat16, msfp8, Posit8. The results of this analysis were in favor for Posit8. This motivated the company Kalray to conceive a decompressor from FP16 to Posit8. Finally, since many compression methods already exist, we decided to move to an adjacent topic which aims to quantify theoretically the effects of quantization error on the network's accuracy. This is the second objective of the thesis. We notice that well-known distortion measures are not adapted to predict accuracy degradation in the case of inference for compressed neural networks. We define a new distortion measure with a closed form which looks like a signal-to-noise ratio. A set of experiments were done using simulated data and small networks, which show the potential of this distortion measure
Cisse, Mouhamadou Moustapha. "La fonction de profondeur de Tukey". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34506.
In this memoir we define the Tukey depth function of a positive finite measure on Rd. Then we study the properties of this function, in particular the properties of continuity and convexity. We seek to establish a characterization of a measure by its depth function. That is, given μ, v finite positive measures on Rd, do we have μ = v if μ and v have the same Tukey depth function? We use the properties of the depth function to establish such a characterization when the measure satisfies certain geometric properties. Then we exhibit some approaches for computing the Tukey depth function. Finally we prove the theorem of characterisation of a discrete measure by its Tukey depth function.
Ilahi, Zouhaier. "Proust et la profondeur. L'écriture des paysages". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030056.
This thesis studies the role of the writing in unveiling to what extent the notion of depeth of landscapes is present in the works of Marcel Proust stretching from the college years until In search of lost time. The novelistic writing is underpinned by a dynamic of appearance of the depth of natural and musical landscapes that actually have developments in the interval of the visible and the invisible, the audible and the inaudible. Actually, Proust uses the expression of the interval to expose the limitations of the romanticism thought which perpetuates the mystic philosophy of art, the tautological Realism founded on the description of surfaces as well as the hermetic symbolist poetry which reproduce the Platonism. Therefore, Proust contests the foundations of Platonism stretching until the modern French idealism. The expression of subjectivity also allows Proust to emphasize the decline of rationalism on the decline at the turn of the XX th century that witnesses the rise of the unconscious and the involuntary. Indeed, the deepening of the landscapes, reel and things has founded the subjective realism of Proust. The interval of sensible and intelligible situates the novel in the border of the artistic (Monet, Whistler, Giotto, Beethoven, Wagner, Chopin, Schumann) and the philosophical (Schelling, Schopenhauer, Séailles). The writing of landscapes depth is certainly integrated into the quest of the continuity and develop a knowledge established on the category of the relation, a way to interiority and abyss. Undeniably Proust is a writer and a thinker of the depth
Fabien-Ouellet, Gabriel. "Mesures sismiques à faible profondeur : Une approche intégrée". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30405/30405.pdf.
Grandemange, Philippe. "Représentation des connaissances et profondeur variable : une implantation". Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132008.
MOUGIN, MORIN MARIE-ODILE. "Thromboses veineuses profondes de l'enfant". Reims, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIMM013.
DAMIENS, COUTELOUR ISABELLE Thibaut Gilbert. "HYPERHOMOCYSTEINEMIE ET THROMBOSES VEINEUSES PROFONDES". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2000_DAMIENS_COUTELOUR_ISABELLE.pdf.
Goh, Hanlin. "Apprentissage de Représentations Visuelles Profondes". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948376.
Karaca, Murat Abdullah. "Stabilité des tunnels à faible profondeur en milieu discontinu /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=945.
Djebali, Mourad. "Segmentation des images de profondeur utilisant les analyses multirésolution". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO19012.
PARREIN, PASCALE. "Correlation d'images de profondeur application a l'inspection automatique d'objets". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112038.
Crouau, Michel. "Codeurs de temps à profondeur pour chambres à dérive". 63-Aubière : Impr. U.E.R. Sci, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36109993v.
Karimi-Jafari, Mehdi. "Comportement transitoire des cavités salines profondes". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003162.
Leconte, Mahaut. "Etude phénotypique des cellules endométriosiques profondes". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832636.
MAAREF, HICHEM. "Caracterisation electronique d'interfaces profondes al/inp". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066218.
Tort, Marine. "Dynamique et modélisation des atmosphères profondes". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01137840.
Large-scale atmospheric and oceanic motions are fairly well described under the so-called shallow-atmosphere approximation, which neglects the thickness of the atmosphere comparing to the planetary radius. Titan is the biggest moon of Saturn and has a thick atmosphere with an aspect ratio reaching almost 25%. It is then preferable not to make the shallow-atmosphere approximation to model its atmospheric general circulation. This thesis solves problems in modeling of such deep-atmospheres and addresses some issues for understanding their dynamics. The shallow-atmosphere and traditional approximation neglecting the part of the Coriolis force due to the horizontal component of the planetary rotation rate vector (also called as non-traditional part) seem to be inseparable to satisfy the conservation of absolute angular momentum. However, we show that it is possible to retain non-traditional terms under the shallow-atmosphere approximation while satisfying all conservation laws, in the compressible Euler equations as well as in the shallow-water equations on the rotating sphere. In most cases, given the small aspect ratio, this new non-traditional model is accurate. In this case, several idealized zonal jet stability and free evolving turbulence studies have been conducted using shallow-water and Boussinesq models taking into account the complete Coriolis force. We highlight the parameters for which the non-traditional effects are significant and discuss the dynamical effects in realistic cases. To model general circulation of Titan's atmosphere, we integrate the quasi-hydrostatic equations in the dynamical core of the LMD-Z (Titan) atmospheric general circulation model. After identifying the Hamiltonian structure of the equations, we imitate the formulation at discrete level to conserve total energy. Various test cases are performed in order to validate the stability and the accuracy of the new dynamical core. The latter is applied to Titan's atmosphere. Firstly, an idealized simulation is performed starting from an atmosphere at rest and using a Newtonian relaxation. Then more realistic simulations are implemented using parameterizations of LMD-Z (Titan)
Schaub, François. "Estimation géostatistique de l'impédance acoustique après migration prestack en profondeur". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002987.
Tête, Claire. "Profondeur, dimension et résolutions en algèbre commutative : quelques aspects effectifs". Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2288/document.
This Commutative Algebra thesis focuses mainly on the depth theory. We try to provide an approach without noetherian hypothesis in order to escape prime ideals and to handle only basic and explicit concepts. We study the algebraic complexes of Koszul and Cech and their cohomological properties by using simple results on the cohomology of the totalization of a bicomplex. In the Cech cohomology context we established the long exact sequence of Mayer-Vietoris only with a treatment based on the elements. Another important concept is that of Krull dimension. Its characterization in terms of monoids allows us to show expeditiously the vanishing Grothendieck theorem in Cech cohomology.We also provide an algorithm to complete a omogeneous polynomial in a h.s.o.p.. The depth is closely related to the theory of finite free/projective resolutions. We report a generalization of the Ferrand-Vasconcelos theorem due to Jouanolou. In addition, we review some results involving the depth of the ideals of expected ranks in a finite free resolution.We revisit, in a particular case, a construction due to Tate. This allows us to give an effective projective resolution of the ideal of a point of a smooth hypersurface. Finally, we discuss the regularity theory in dimension 1 by studying invertible ideals and provide an algorithm implemented in Magma computing the ring of integers of a number field
Mora, Elie Gabriel. "Codage multi-vues multi-profondeur pour de nouveaux services multimédia". Phd thesis, Telecom ParisTech, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061005.
Gayral, Françoise. "Sémantique du langage naturel et profondeur variable : Une première approche". Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132004.
Akhavanbahabadi, Saeed. "Analyse des Crises d’Epilepsie à l’Aide de Mesures de Profondeur". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT063.
Absence epilepsy syndrome is accompanied with sudden appearance of seizures in different regions of the brain. The sudden generalization of absence seizures to every region of the brain shows the existence of a mechanism which can quickly synchronizes the activities of the majority of neurons in the brain. The presence of such a mechanism challenges our information about the integrative properties of neurons and the functional connectivity of brain networks. For this reason, many researchers have tried to recognize the main origin of absence seizures. Recent studies have suggested a theory regarding the origin of absence seizures which states that somatosensory cortex drives the thalamus during the first cycles of absence seizures, while thereafter, cortex and thalamus mutually drive each other and continue absence seizures.This theory motivated the neuroscientists in Grenoble Institute of Neurosciences (GIN) to record data from different layers of somatosensory cortex of Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS), which is a well-validate animal model for absence epilepsy, to explore the main starting region of absence seizures locally. An electrode with E = 16 sensors was vertically implanted in somatosensory cortex of GAERS, and potentials were recorded. In this study, we aim to localize the onset layers of somatosensory cortex during absence seizures and investigate the temporal evolution and dynamics of absence seizures using the recorded data. It is worth mentioning that all previous studies have investigated absence seizures using the data recorded from different regions of the brain, while this is the first study that performs the local exploration of absence seizures using the data recorded from different layers of somatosensory cortex, i.e., the main starting region of absence seizures.Using factor analysis, source separation, and blind deconvolution methods in different scenarios, we show that 1) the top and bottom layers of somatosensory cortex activate more than the other layers during absence seizures, 2) there is a background epileptic activity during absence seizures, 3) there are few activities or states which randomly activate with the background epileptic activity to generate the absence seizures, and 4) one of these states is dominant, and the others are unstable
Tezenas, du montcel Thibaut. "Évitement d'obstacles pour quadrirotors en utilisant un capteur de profondeur". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT077.
Safety is a major concern in robotics to protect both the robot and its environment. Among the fonctionalities related to safety, obstacle avoidance is looked for since it allows autonomous navigation in unknown environments. This thesis is built around this obstacle avoidance functionnality for a specific type of robots, quadrotors. Two obstacle avoidance algorithms are presented. The first one is the aggregation of recent researchs dedicated to quadrotors but presented in various contexts. The second algorithm includes a novel feature, a spatial filter on costs associated to generated trajectories, which improves the overall performances in avoiding obstacles. Both algorithms use a single RGBD sensor et are based, among other things, on differential flatness and on a representation of the environment that we call an egocubemap. During the thesis, the quality of the tests there were used to cheracterize the algorithms was one of the major concern. It led to the creation of the BOARR benchmark. This benchmark has been developped as an attempt to simulate the most common test environment for quadrotor obstacle avoidance : a forest. This benchmark is available online and is open source. It aims at increasing the quality of the tests used when characterizing the performances of obstacle avoidance algorithms which are related to safety and therefore deserve extended testings
Gauvin, François. "La profondeur des possibles : Heidegger et l'histoire (1915-1936/38)". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100011.
This work analyses the evolution of the heideggerian concept of history from the early researches on logics in the 1910th until the second opus magnum, the Beiträge zur Philosophie (Vom Ereignis) written between 1936 and 1938. It focuses on the "function" played by history when Heidegger defines the task of philosophy and thinking. In each of the four analyzed period, the interpretation of history developed by Heidegger is intrinsically connected with a critic of logics as traditional site of truth. Our investigation ends on the necessity to critically revaluate the presuppositions at work in the heideggerian attempt to maintain a place for fundamental reflection in the age of Technology
Schaub, François. "Estimation géostatistique de l’impédance acoustique après migration prestack en profondeur". Paris, ENMP, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENMP1449.
One of the main goal of geosciences in the petroleum industry is to build accurate and predictive reservoir models, expressed in terms of properties such as geological facies, porosity or acoustic impedance. The seismic reflection technique, at the base of geophysical prospecting, provides the reflection coefficients associated to the geological interfaces. These coefficients give information about the subsurface structures and allow us to estimate the layers petroacoustic properties. We use a preserved amplitude prestack depth migration which gives the depth migrated seismic data, where reflectivity variations versus angle are conserved. The variation analysis is done with the common image gathers sections along trajectories defined by the reflectivity variations with the angle. These trajectories provide a geology depth structural interpretation (the skeleton) with two major AVA attributes: intercept and gradient. A horizon picking phase using both skeletons defines the intervals where the simulation will be achieved. Then, after the interpretation of the hydrocarbons anomalies over the seismic and AVA attributes sections, we propose to locally constrain the geostatistical simulation in order to reproduce these anomalies. To handle it, we use the relationship between the acoustic impedance and the intercept. This method finally provides a depth acoustic impedance section, valid over the whole studied area, which contains the hydrocarbon anomalies for a possible oil and gas exploration & production
Dias, Jérôme. "Profondeur par la couleur : analyse spatio-spectrale d'un système chromatique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03210653.
Like color, depth is a very useful information to interpret the content of a scene. Depth can be estimated from an acquisition obtained with a chromatic imaging system. It consists of an optical system with an axial chromatic aberration. This aberration creates an image blur that depends on the wavelength and the depth. To measure this, an image sensor with a Bayer color filter array, particularly suitable for color image acquisition, is generally used. It has been shown that a color (RGB) analysis of the spatial dispersion of such image enabled unambiguous estimation of the depth map and a corresponding sharp color image of the given scene. However, this method is more suitable for EDOFs applications as it reconstructs a sharp color image and provides a low depth accuracy.To improve this technique we propose a different chromatic imaging system, consisting of an image sensor coated with a color customized filter array, suitable to acquire spectral image. In this perspective, we have established a spectral model to simulate the mosaic image. Then we have developed a procedure for spatio-spectral analysis applied to this image, to jointly estimate the depth and the sharp color image of the corresponding scene.From this, two estimation algorithms based on inverse problem solving have been proposed and implemented. The first includes the physical system parameters while the second is a blind approach applied learnt from an images database.An experimental system has been designed, qualified and built to evaluate the real performance of these two methods, for different scenes. The developed algorithms show that it is possible to improve the depth estimation accuracy with a chromatic imaging system, by performing a multispectral analysis. This approach does not affect the reconstructed sharp color image quality. In addition, the first algorithm allowed us to establish an optimization criterion to find the optimal system parameters, for a desired application
Kahalerras, Henda. "Etude expérimentale de la profondeur de la cascade de l'intermittence". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10119.
Moukari, Michel. "Estimation de profondeur à partir d'images monoculaires par apprentissage profond". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC211/document.
Computer vision is a branch of artificial intelligence whose purpose is to enable a machine to analyze, process and understand the content of digital images. Scene understanding in particular is a major issue in computer vision. It goes through a semantic and structural characterization of the image, on one hand to describe its content and, on the other hand, to understand its geometry. However, while the real space is three-dimensional, the image representing it is two-dimensional. Part of the 3D information is thus lost during the process of image formation and it is therefore non trivial to describe the geometry of a scene from 2D images of it.There are several ways to retrieve the depth information lost in the image. In this thesis we are interested in estimating a depth map given a single image of the scene. In this case, the depth information corresponds, for each pixel, to the distance between the camera and the object represented in this pixel. The automatic estimation of a distance map of the scene from an image is indeed a critical algorithmic brick in a very large number of domains, in particular that of autonomous vehicles (obstacle detection, navigation aids).Although the problem of estimating depth from a single image is a difficult and inherently ill-posed problem, we know that humans can appreciate distances with one eye. This capacity is not innate but acquired and made possible mostly thanks to the identification of indices reflecting the prior knowledge of the surrounding objects. Moreover, we know that learning algorithms can extract these clues directly from images. We are particularly interested in statistical learning methods based on deep neural networks that have recently led to major breakthroughs in many fields and we are studying the case of the monocular depth estimation