Tesis sobre el tema "Produit vert"
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Kifaya, Raja. "The role of skepticism in green consumer behaviour". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023BRES0040.
Texto completoConsumer skepticism towards companies is on the rise. However, studies on the determinants and the consequences of this phenomenon on organic /green products are lacking. In order to partially fill this gap, this thesis focuses on green skepticism by exploring and comparing consumers from three different cultural backgrounds. The first essay investigated the relationship between, green skepticism and the purchasing behaviour of organic cosmetics, based on the attitude-behaviour- context (ABC) theory. The second essay aimed at providing a better understanding on the psychological effect of skepticism on green consumption behaviour. The third essay demonstrated whether organic food skepticism could partly explain the gap” or discrepancy between the great deal of positive attitudes towards organic food expressed by consumers and their actual choices. Based on data collected from consumers in Tunisia, Italy and France, we conducted a cross-country comparison adopting the structural equation modeling approach. Results revealed that green skepticism is strong inhibitor towards adoption of organic and green products among consumers in the three countries. Together, the three essays contribute to the literature by highlighting the importance of the psychological determinants and inhibitors of the adoption of organic and green products
Chistyakova, Maria. "Trois problèmes sur le marché d'un produit vert : évitement fiscal, signal et différenciation verticale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTD039/document.
Texto completoEnvironmental quality having features of a public good is the subject of the thesis. In a theoretical framework, we study a means of environmental regulation of a polluting firm endowed with market power and then determine the optimal decentralized choice of environmental quality. We start with examining how tax avoidance affects the optimal second-best tax on polluting emissions in a monopoly setting. The firm is owned by shareholders who differ in their cost of tax dodging. The optimal tax should correct two negative externalities of avoidance: the firm's free-riding effect and a tax base erosion effect. This free-riding makes the regulator either impotent or unfair, depending on the severity of the environmental damage and the firm's efficiency. Next, we analyze the impact of an environmental tax on the signaling price strategy of a monopoly that communicates to consumers the unobservable information about firm's highenvironmental performance. We use the intuitive and undefeated criteria of equilibrium selection. Asymmetric information places the optimal second-best tax below the level required under complete information. In the case of undefeated equilibria selection, the tax may induce a "migration" from separating equilibrium to pooling making the firm prefer to conceal the private information about environmental quality. Finally, we show that market choice of environmental quality by a firm that internalizes environmental damage from polluting emissions is yet suboptimal
Sartauskienė, Violeta. "Mėsos vertė vartotojui ir jos didinimo būdai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060522_111954-25709.
Texto completoBissay, Aurélie. "Du déploiement d’un système PLM vers une intégration des connaissances". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20003/document.
Texto completoPLM (Product Lifecycle Management) Systems allow traceability of information and facilitate the reduction of products development cycle. Besides the aspect related to information management, they aim at bringing together all technical data needed to develop new products and also they contribute to improve business processes. Our PhD work define a methodology of PLM system deployment that incorporates the knowledge capitalization dimension. Based on a business processes formalization, elements of knowledge are extracted and used to enrich the data model. This model revolves around two axes: an "information" axis and a "knowledge"axis. Each axis is devided into four steps: identify, model, use and evaluate. The identification stage is to define the data model of the system and activities requiring specific business knowledge. The modeling phase is to configure the system to integrate the defined model in the PLM system but also to formalize extracted tacit knowledge. Then comes the user through the use of the system. Finally, we propose to evaluate the system from product, process and organization modeling but also from generated knowledge within the system. The case study of a process of bidding for the Marmillon SAS company which is a subcontractor in the field of plastics, specialist of injection and extrusion processes for automotive parts allow to validate our approach
Wang, Guoda. "Simulation numérique sur des feux de nappe de kérosène de grande échelle soumis à un vent traversier avec prise en compte d'un aéronef". Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011242.
Texto completoFalk, Josefin. "Boken : Produkt eller konstnärligt verk?" Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Discourse Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-945.
Texto completoDumonteil, Geoffrey. "Synthèse et pharmacomodulations de composés naturels issus de plantes". Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2061/document.
Texto completoPolyene units constitute an important function from organic compounds and are present in many natural products in the form of 1,3-conjugated dienes. It is therefore essential to develop methods to access these dienes while wearing a careful look at the environmental impact. During this work, we were able to synthesize a natural compound which has activity on type II diabetes: the abscisic acid. The key step leading to the success of this synthesis is the Heck reaction. From these results, we have developed a robust and efficient method to obtain various diene compounds (E, Z) and trienes (E, E, Z) without ligand or solvent. The compounds thus obtained are considered as potential analogues of the abscisic acid and are involved in various reactions in order to obtain the corresponding carboxylic acid or its bioisostere. In parallel with this synthesis application, we have developed a pathway to obtain benzo[d]thiazole compounds substituted in position 2 with an N-aryl or N-alkyl. This synthetic methodology is part of a context of environmental compatibility by using iodine catalyst
Martinez, Jabier. "Exploration des variantes d'artefacts logiciels pour une analyse et une migration vers des lignes de produits". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066344/document.
Texto completoSoftware Product Lines (SPLs) enable the derivation of a family of products based on variability management techniques. Inspired by the manufacturing industry, SPLs use feature configurations to satisfy different customer needs, along with reusable assets to allow systematic reuse. Capitalizing on existing variants by extracting the common and varying elements is referred to as extractive approaches for SPL adoption. Feature identification is needed to analyse the domain variability. Also, to identify the associated implementation elements of the features, their location is needed. In addition, feature constraints should be identified to guarantee that customers are not able to select invalid feature combinations. Then, the reusable assets associated to the features should be constructed. And finally, a comprehensive feature model need to be synthesized. This dissertation presents Bottom-Up Technologies for Reuse (BUT4Reuse), a unified, generic and extensible framework for mining software artefact variants. Special attention is paid to model-driven development scenarios. We also focus on benchmarks and in the analysis of variants, in particular, in benchmarking feature location techniques and in identifying families of variants in the wild for experimenting with feature identification techniques. We present visualisation paradigms to support domain experts on feature naming and to support on feature constraints discovery. Finally, we investigate and discuss the mining of artefact variants for SPL analysis once the SPL is already operational. Concretely, we present an approach to find relevant variants within the SPL configuration space guided by end user assessments
Ly, Kieu Dung. "Une nouvelle approche synthétique vers les kingianines : préparation d’intermédiaires clés et d’analogues simplifiés". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX052.
Texto completoThis dissertation describes a new approach for the synthesis of kingianins, a family of inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic protein BclxL, which were isolated from the bark of Endiandra kingiana. We have proposed solutions to address the problems of reactivity and selectivity that had been met in previous studies. A strategy involving a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction was applied for the formation of the intermediate bicyclic system, instead of a biomimetic electrocyclisation cascade. This choice was efficient and a single diastereoisomer was obtained. The use of an electron-poor dienophile and an electron-rich diene in the key step allowed for a Diels-Alder reaction to proceed under classic conditions, with good regioselectivity. We have succeeded in synthesising several simplified kingianin analogues. Their biological activities on the Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 proteins will be evaluated in the near future
Martinez, Jabier. "Exploration des variantes d'artefacts logiciels pour une analyse et une migration vers des lignes de produits". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066344.
Texto completoSoftware Product Lines (SPLs) enable the derivation of a family of products based on variability management techniques. Inspired by the manufacturing industry, SPLs use feature configurations to satisfy different customer needs, along with reusable assets to allow systematic reuse. Capitalizing on existing variants by extracting the common and varying elements is referred to as extractive approaches for SPL adoption. Feature identification is needed to analyse the domain variability. Also, to identify the associated implementation elements of the features, their location is needed. In addition, feature constraints should be identified to guarantee that customers are not able to select invalid feature combinations. Then, the reusable assets associated to the features should be constructed. And finally, a comprehensive feature model need to be synthesized. This dissertation presents Bottom-Up Technologies for Reuse (BUT4Reuse), a unified, generic and extensible framework for mining software artefact variants. Special attention is paid to model-driven development scenarios. We also focus on benchmarks and in the analysis of variants, in particular, in benchmarking feature location techniques and in identifying families of variants in the wild for experimenting with feature identification techniques. We present visualisation paradigms to support domain experts on feature naming and to support on feature constraints discovery. Finally, we investigate and discuss the mining of artefact variants for SPL analysis once the SPL is already operational. Concretely, we present an approach to find relevant variants within the SPL configuration space guided by end user assessments
Brière-Côté, Antoine. "Vers la cohésion des structures d'un produit aéronautique personnalisé selon l'approche d'adaptation de produit sur commande". Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2007. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/219/1/BRI%C3%88RE%2DC%C3%94T%C3%89_Antoine.pdf.
Texto completoBrière-Côté, Antoine. "Vers la cohésion des structures d'un produit aéronautique personnalisé selon l'approche d'adaptation de produit sur commande /". Thèse, Montréal : École de technologie supérieure, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1459913071&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=46962&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Texto completo"Mémoire présenté à l'École de technologie supérieure comme exigence partielle à l'obtention de la maîtrise en génie de la production automatisée." "par Brière-Côté, Antoine" -- p. de t. CaQMUQET CaQMUQET Bibliogr : f. [237]-243. Également disponible en version électronique. CaQMUQET
Michaud, Céline. "Comportements des consommateurs et biens privés à caractéristiques environnementales : une approche expérimentale". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENE001.
Texto completoOur thesis provides an analysis of consumer preferences for green products that have the specificity to mix private charactéristics with environmental ones. Our work provides insights on how consumers may contribute to environmental protection by their purchase decisions and addresses the question of the empirical measure of consurmers' values. Chapter 1 presents the main theoretical concepts providing tools to study the green consumption phenomenon. Chapter 2 discusses the methodologies used to elicit consumer values in the empirical analysis of preferences. Chapter 3 is an experimental study of consumer preferences for products deriving from a remanufacturing process. An experimental auction mechanism shows that consumers' willingness to pay for a remanufactured camera result from important tradeoffs between its environmental and quality attributes. Consumers nevertheless express environmental preferences by undervaluing, or even boycotting, a conventional - brand new - and thus more polluting product. Chapter 4 explores consumers' choices for roses associated with two independant environmental characteristics : an environmental certification of environment-friendly cultivation practices and a carbon footprint indicator. We implement a real choice experiment for a non food product whose consumption cannot bring any sanitary benefit to the consumer. Not driven by any private motives related to possible health benefits, consumers nevertheless exhibit positive willingness to pay for both environmental attributes of the roses. Our results give strength to the hypothesis of altruistic motivations in consumers' choices for green products
Grisel, Julien. "Des cyclobutanones chirales vers la (-)-Salinosporamide A". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922996.
Texto completoLacroix, Caroline. "La générativité du consommateur". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00694005.
Texto completoArfa, Lamia. "Les exportations agro-alimentaires tunisiennes vers le marché de la CEE : évolution, compétitivité et perspectives /". Montpellier : Institut agronomique méditerranéen de Montpellier, Centre international de hautes études agronomiques méditerranéennes, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357618588.
Texto completoBugaut, Xavier. "Vers la synthèse de l’aglycone des landomycines". Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112313.
Texto completoLandomycins are a class of natural products first isolated in 1990 from fermentation of actinobacteria Streptomyces cyanogenus. They consist in a partially aromatic fused tretracyclic aglycone, named landomycinone, and a glycosidic side chain. All members of the family, including the aglycone, exhibited a high antitumoral activity on a large number of cell lines, especially on multidrug resistant ones. We undertook the elaboration of an efficient synthesis of landomycinone. The main synthetic challenge is the construction of partially unsaturated cycle B, wich bears a very fragile alcohol functionality. Three distinct strategies have been studied. The first one relies on the closure of cycle B using an original domino Michael-aldolisation reaction, which has been efficiently performed. However, the construction of the rest of the molecule, notably via a Diels-alder reaction, is for the time not working. Two key-steps were planed within the second retrosynthesis : the construction of secondary alcohol by a Cr (II)-mediated chlorovinylation and then the construction of cycle B by ring-closing metathesis. Low yields and problems of reproducibility led us to give up this strategy. The last approach enabled the construction of the tretacyclic structure of landomycinone by the means of two metal-catalyzed key-steps : an intramolecular alkyne cyclomerisation and a ring-closure metathesis. A final functional transformation (conversion of cycle C into a quinone) is needed to complete the synthesis
Suffisseau, Laurent. "Les produits de procréation médicalement assistée : vers un statut reconnu". Paris 5, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA05P129.
Texto completoDuroure, Leslie. "Vers la synthèse de la (-) - gymnodimine A et études de relations structure-activité du coeur spiroimine". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112206/document.
Texto completoGymnodimines, spirolides, pinatoxines and pteriatoxines constitute a family of marine toxins with complex structures. They are produced in small quantities by marine microorganisms called dinoflagelles. These toxins are known to block the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), but the exact mode of action remains to be determined. Different biological tests showed that the spiroimine moiety, common feature to all these molecules, is the main pharmacophore, indispensable for the inhibitive activity. This Ph.D. work has been focused on the synthesis of the spiroimine fragment of the (–)-gymnodimine A, for pharmacological studies of these structures. In a first part, the formation of the quaternary carbon was developped around the Tsuji-Trost reaction. Good yield and enantiomeric excess were obtained. During our work with modele substrate, an original approach was used to functionnalize the allyl chain. We realized a cross metathesis followed by an oxidative cleavage to form an aldehyde used to synthezise the wished spirolactone. After some functional arrangements, a Staudinger cyclisation has been involved to isolate the expected spiroimines. Then, Tsuji-Trost reaction was applied to more functionnalized substrates for a future total synthesis. In a second time, an asymmetric decarboxylative allylation from Beta-cétoesters, was used to form the stereogenic center with good yield and enantiomeric excess. A short synthetic route was developped for the synthesis of the spiroimine moiety. After an isomerisation of the allylic chain, compounds were involved in a 1,3-cycloaddition between an alcene and an azide to form the wished spiroimines. The generalization of the method was just begun. Three spiroimines were isolated and biologically evaluated on nAChRs. Their structure were simpler than GYM A but they show an antagonist effect and even a blocking effect according to the molecule. Their biological activities were lower than the natural product but these results show that spiroimine moiety is one of the pharmacophore of the GYM A
Mohammad, Shabbair. "Vers la synthèse totale du FR225654 inhibiteur de la gluconéogenèse". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932775.
Texto completoHilléreau, Mael. "Vers une CAO guidée par la connaissance des fabricants". Phd thesis, Université de Reims - Champagne Ardenne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00411785.
Texto completoCobut, Aline. "Écoconception des produits d'apparence en bois pour la construction non-résidentielle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30421/30421.pdf.
Texto completoThe main goal of this research was to help positioning appearance wood products in non-residential construction by investing in environmental design. By adopting market dynamics and regulations towards environmentally preferable products, manufacturers of secondary forest products will become more competitive. More specifically, the objectives of this thesis is to acquire greater knowledge of environmental implications of appearance wood products by analyzing current environmental certifications and labeling; to use a life cycle approach to identify the environmental profile of the most specified appearance wood products in non-residential constructions with life cycle analysis; to reduce their environmental footprint through ecodesign; and finally to generalize resulting observations about doors to all other appearance wood products to improve their ecodesign. About twenty type I ecolabels applicable to appearance wood products have been identified. Those labels have then been classified into four groups. Scientific literature shows that a comprehensive approach, that is taking into account all product life cycle stages, and multi criteria approach, that is considering all environmental impact categories, are essential to evaluate the environmental friendliness of a product. The case study permitted to observe that raw materials used for door production, in particular the particleboard, were responsible for 60% of total environmental impacts of the door, followed by product end-of-life (landfilling) and shipping. Ecodesign scenarios were developed according to those contributive life cycle stages : raw materials, end-of-life and transportation. The generalization of the door LCA results and ecodesign propositions to the entire appearance wood product family showed that raw materials still had a high contribution to products total environmental impacts and that decisions should be accordling to the type of wood used during the manufacture (wood composite or solid wood and veneer).
Hanhoun, Mary. "Analyse et modélisation de la précipitation de struvite : vers le traitement d'effluents aqueux industriels". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0037/document.
Texto completoThe reduction of phosphorus contribution in wastewater, governed by the European directive of 1991 (91/271/EEC) is regarded as the key factor of the fight against pollution of rivers and lakes. This work concerns exclusively the study of the controlled struvite formation (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) by precipitation as an alternative removal of phosphorus and, consequently, of ammonium from waste-water discharges. The valorization of the precipitate as a fertilizer constitutes an asset of the process. In this general context, the objective consists in developing a methodology combining an experimental approach with struvite precipitation modelling. A synthetic effluent containing phosphorus, magnesium and ammonium was used as a model solution to study the role of temperature, concentration in reagents and pH on struvite precipitation efficiency as well as on particle size distribution in a stirred tank reactor. Various analysis methods of both solid and liquid phases (spectrophotometry, atomic absorption, laser granulometry, MEB and Morphology) were used. The residual concentration of magnesium, ammonium and phosphorus allows to determine the conversion rate of these compounds and to study a likely formation of a co-product. The proposed framework is based on a two-level modelling approach. The former level, based on an equilibrium prediction of the study system Mg-PO4-NH4, involves, on the one hand, the computation of the final conversion rate of phosphate as a function of equilibrium pH at different temperatures and, on the other hand, the temperature impact assessment on struvite solubility product. The numerical strategy implies a genetic algorithm (NSGA II) to initialize a traditional algorithm of resolution (Raphson Newton) and to guarantee the robustness of the process. In the second stage, a population balance-based model coupled with the thermodynamic one predicts the particle size distribution. This approach turns out to be particularly numerically stable for the identification of nucleation and particle growth kinetics parameters that are then used to predict the size distribution, typical of a nucleation - growth model, using a method of reconstruction. The proposed methodology is particularly interesting for the treatment of industrial waste-water discharges that may be of variable quality as well as for the prediction of the process efficiency for which pH control and supersaturation constitute key parameters
Janin, Marc. "Démarche d'éco-conception en entreprise. Un enjeu : construire la cohérence entre outils et processus". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005632.
Texto completoL'objectif principal de ces travaux était donc d'aider à construire la cohérence entre un processus de
conception et des outils à disposition des équipes. Il s'est agi de : comprendre les diverses acceptions
possibles de cette nouvelle forme de conception, identifier les principaux enjeux qu'elle représente pour une entreprise, observer les modes d'organisation au sein de sociétés pionnières dans ce domaine et
rechercher les outils disponibles. Après proposition d'un modèle de processus d'éco-conception où il importe d'insérer les questions d'environnement dans une démarche de conception "classique", nous nous sommes attelés à la classification, la description et la critique de divers outils du panel actuellement à disposition des équipes. Nous avons ainsi identifié deux grandes catégories : certains, dits d'évaluation environnementale(qualitative ou quantitative), et d'autres, dits d'amélioration, permettant aux équipes d'avancer dans la recherche de nouvelles solutions d'éco-conception. D'autres outils encore existent en matière de sensibilisation, de communication et de choix de stratégies. Chacun d'eux devra être employé par un utilisateur approprié, disposant des connaissances requises, des moyens d'exploiter les résultats obtenus, et ce, durant certaines phases pertinentes du processus de conception. Une étude de terrain chez Philips a permis de constater que la mise à l'épreuve d'un outil d'évaluation environnementale est compromise si les enjeux demeurent incompris et les résultats inexploitables par l'équipe projet. A partir d'un engagement fort de la direction, les équipes ont besoin d'apprendre progressivement pour s'approprier une nouvelle démarche ; au cours de celle-ci, elles pourront utiliser des outils simples, pragmatiques, qu'elles sauront exploiter pour progresser et s'améliorer.
ZAMBUCHINI, Barbara. "Shelf-life and Molecular Traceability of Fish Product". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Camerino, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11581/401874.
Texto completoLonguet, Patrick. "Le consommateur et le risque alimentaire : vers un modèle intégrateur d'équilibre". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0011.
Texto completoOur work is focused on food risk and particularly the analysis of the consumer behavior in a real risky situation. Our theoretical framework is translated from the models based upon stability, used in many other sciences. Our central question is based on : how to get a better understanding of the consumer behaviour in a risky situation?We have followed two major steps in our work. Firstly, a review of literature gives us the conceptual framework and secondly, an empirical study explore the dimensions involved in the crisis evaluation by the consumer himself. Our methodological plan used the scenario method, and we have both conducted a qualitative and quantitative study. We finally give the results of our work and try to establish the limits and the future possibilities for further research works
Vasylieva, Inna. "Very Cost Effective Partitions in Graphs". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1137.
Texto completoGrégori, Nicolas. "Etude clinique d'une situation de conception de produit : vers une pragmatique de la conception". Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21041.
Texto completoBérard, Philippe. "Etude du vent ionique produit par décharge couronne à pression atmosphérique pour le contrôle d'écoulement aérodynamique". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECAP1085.
Texto completoThe studydeals with ionic wind produced by a corona discharge created by two electrodes connected to a high voltage power supply, in the aim to understand the phenomenaof the ionic wind and the parameters that control its velocity in air at amopsheric pressure. A parametric study is realized on the gas distance, the diameter and the material of the electrodes, the voltage, its polarity, the current and the gas nature. In parallel, a 2D steady-state numerical model of the discharge and of the ionic wind is developped, solving simultaneously the Poisson equation, the continuity equations for electrons, positive ions, negative ions and the Naviers-Stokes equations. The system is closed with expressions modelling the kinetics chemistry of the discharge and the transport of charges. The simulations have been done with FLUENT and complementar modules. The measurements show that the velocity of the ionic wind depends directly of the square root of the current. The geometrical parameters modify the current-voltage characterics. The material has no influence while the gas nature modifies the evolution of the velocity vs the current. Theses results are also fund with simulations which show that the secondary electron emission is neglectable in the studied configuration and that the ion mobility is important. The comparison between the measurements in differents gases helps to estimate the predominant ions in the ionic wind phenomenon. Simulations are in good agreement with experiments
Flourat, Amandine. "Valorisation de co-produits de filières agroindustrielles, de la chimie verte aux applications". Thesis, Reims, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REIMS020.
Texto completoThe need for a shift to a green economy is becoming increasingly urgent as confirmed by the recent IPCC report. In order to support the structuring of sustainable agro-industrial sectors for the production of energy or commodities, the parallel development of markets with smaller volumes but with a very high added value is necessary. Among these high-potential markets, the health and cosmetics sectors are particularly promising. Two developments related to plant chemistry will be addressed by the prism of co-products generated after a first transformation of renewable resource.In the first place, the paper industry, in crisis, generates large quantities of sawdust that can be converted by flash pyrolysis into levoglucosenone. This chiral, bi-cyclic (5 and 7-membered) molecule with numerous chemical functionalities (ketone, acetal, alkene) is a platform compound opening up a vast field of opportunities for biosourced chemistry. Obtaining chiral molecules from levoglucosenone opens up applications in the pharmaceutical field, in the bio-control sector and also in the food industry.On the other hand, para-hydroxycinnamic acids obtained from agricultural residues such as wheat bran, rapeseed or sunflower meal or mustard bran represent a source of phenolic compounds with high potential. These molecules are known to possess a certain number of physico-chemical (anti-radical, anti-UV) and biological (anticancer, anti-inflammatory) activities. Pathways of functionalization of these molecules by synthetic methods respecting the concepts of green chemistry will be explored in order to improve these properties, especially for the production of anti-UV
Mathaly, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude des enzymes amylolitiques, protéasiques et lipoxygénasiques du malt vert de blé, visant à la production d'un sirop de sucre non purifié : le malt liquide". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL104N.
Texto completoDrieux, Guillaume. "De la maquette numérique produit vers ses applications aval : propositions de modèles et procédés associés". Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPG0201.
Texto completoDesigning a product is a complex process involving the use of numerical tools, such as the Digital Mock-Up (DMU), which is a 3D representation of the product being designed. It is used as a basis for its geometric and organizational definitions of the product. The so called Downstream Applications (e. G. Simulation) rely on geometric models extracted from the DMU which require to be adapted to the objectives, needs and constraints of the targeted application. The integration of downstream applications with design can only be achieved if such models, extracted from the DMU, are made available, in an efficient and controlled manner. Based on a deep analysis of the industrial context, the use of the DMU and the role of its downstream applications, this work proposes models and methods for the representation and management of such models. A set of operators and associated processes are also proposed. The industrial context of EADS being prominent in this work, various projects involving the use of these concepts and ta ken as use-cases are described and analyzed afterwards
Bouhaddou, Imane. "Vers une optimisation de la chaine logistique : proposition de modèles conceptuels basés sur le PLM (Product Lifecycle Management)". Thesis, Le Havre, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEHA0026/document.
Texto completoAIt is recognized that competition is shifting from “firm versus firm” perspective to “supply chain versus supply chain” perspective. Therefore, the ability to optimize the supply chain is becoming the critical issue for companies to win the competitive advantage. Furthermore, all members of a given supply chain must work together to respond to the changes of market demand rapidly. In the actual context, enterprises not only must enhance their relationships with each others, but also need to integrate their business processes through product life cycle activities. This has led to the emergence of a collaborative product lifecycle management commonly known as PLM. The objective of this thesis is to define a methodological approach which answers to the following problematic: How can PLM contribute to supply chain optimization ? We adopt, in this thesis, a hybrid approach combining PLM and mathematical models to optimize decisions for simultaneous design of the product and its supply chain. We propose conceptual models to solve formally the compromise between PLM and mathematical models for supply chain optimization. Unlike traditional centralized approaches used to treat the problem of integrated design of the product and its supply chain which generate complex mathematical models, we adopt an approach combining centralized decisions while integrating the constraints of the different supply chain partners during the product design and decentralized decisions when it comes to locally optimize each supply chain partner. The decentralized approach reduces the complexity of solving mathematical models and allows the supply chain to respond quickly to the evolution of local conditions of each partner. PLM will assure the integration of the different supply chain partners. Indeed, the information centralization by the PLM enables to take into consideration the dependence between these partners, improving therefore local optimization results
Blanco, Éric. "L'émergence du produit dans la conception distribuée : vers de nouveaux modes de rationalisation dans la conception de systèmes mécaniques". Grenoble INPG, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPG0159.
Texto completoBello, Reyes Pilar Alejandra. "Plan de negocios para la comercialización de un producto farmacéutico". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/146670.
Texto completoEste informe técnico tiene por objetivo presentar los lineamientos para realizar un plan de negocios con el fin de introducir al mercado un producto farmacéutico, como una nueva alternativa terapéutica para la mastitis clínica, que permita reducir o mejorar el régimen terapéutico de los antibióticos actualmente. Los pomos intramamarios que se desarrollaron para la mastitis son de dos tipos, unos contienen ceftiofur y los otros cloxacilina a bajas concentraciones, ambos asociados con los componentes inhibitorios extraídos desde las hojas de Aloe vera, comprobándose a través de metodologías experimentales, que cuando son utilizados en el tratamiento de las mastitis clínicas, tienen ventajas o primacías, en relación a los actuales pomos intramamarios que solo contienen antibiótico. El planteamiento de este informe se enfoca en reducir la incertidumbre y el riesgo que cualquier actividad no planificada tiene, muestra los objetivos que se pretenden alcanzar, las estrategias que se pretenden adoptar, los procesos operacionales, la estructura organizacional y permite conocer el rendimiento económico y financiero que se espera del negocio, va desde las estrategias generales llegando hasta las actividades cotidianas. La metodología propuesta cuenta con ocho etapas, las cuales se enfocan en conocer la situación actual del mercado de los medicamentos veterinarios, conocer cuál es la mejor estrategia para el negocio, conocer la oferta, la demanda, segmento objetivo, diseñar e implementar un plan de marketing para la comercialización del producto, Definir sus procesos de operaciones, los miembros del equipo claves, definir sus costos, precio de venta del producto y sus riesgos financiero, todo esto para asegurar el éxito en la entrada de este producto al mercado. El plan de implementación contempla definir cuáles son las actividades que se desean realizar, el costo de implementarlas y en qué tiempo se llevarán a cabo. Por lo tanto, basándonos en la oportunidad de negocio, atractivo de la industria en crecimiento, mercado objetivo relevante, necesidades no cubierta, resultados positivos obtenido en las proyecciones financieras de Estado de Resultado a seis años, VAN positivo de $ 228.551.460,85, TIR de 14,64%, Valor Económico positivo del proyecto, plazo de recuperación de la inversión menor de 5 años y medidas de rentabilidad positivas, es que podemos concluir que el plan de negocio desarrollado creará valor para el inversionista, su empresa y sus grupos de interés. Por lo tanto, quien invierta en el proyecto podrá rentabilizar su inversión en el mediano y largo plazo.
Benavent, Christophe. "Interfaces organisationnelles et performance des programmes de nouveaux produits : vers une analyse evolutionniste". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL12014.
Texto completoThis thesis is based on an evolutionary approach of the new product development process. It aims to analyse the relationship between innovation strategy, interfunctionnal interface structure, and new product program performance. A deep review of literature, and a qualitative exploratory survey of 25 english en french cases, help to build the key concepts of this research: innovation process as a variation selection cycle; definition of new product program performance as a set of transitional probabilities: identification of organizational innovativeness and selectiveness functions. On these grounds, an explanatory model is constructed. Then tested with a sample of 70 french companies. This latent variable structural model assumes that interface structure and innovation strategies influence performance by organizational selectiveness and innovativeness. The jack-knife procedure of PVPLX software assess the validity of this model
Salom-Roig, Xavier Jesus. "Synthese de produits naturels : etudes vers la synthese totale de la pamamycine-607". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13212.
Texto completoBoufedji, Dounia. "Vers une approche d’ingénierie multi-agents à base de lignes de produits logiciels". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS438.
Texto completoMulti-Agent Systems represent an ideal solution that has already proved positive for the modelling of complex systems. The AOSE (Agent Oriented Software Engineering) offers different methodologies, meta-models, templates and reuse patterns that facilitate their development and accelerate their acceptance within the software industry. However, the existing approaches to MAS engineering do not allow the management and development of similar applications known as MAS families. These applications have some commonalities, as well as differences called variability. The management of variability can be done at different levels such as design and development, except that it is not taken into account in existing approaches. In order to compensate for the lack of variability management within multi-agent families at the level of agent-oriented approaches, SPL (Software Product Lines) engineering turns out to be the appropriate solution for which the management of variability remains a key element. In this context, the exploitation of SPL engineering techniques within the framework of multi-agent approaches is known as Multi-agent systems Product Lines engineering. This thesis subject is part of this thematic of MAS-PL approaches meant to enhance the management of variability within families of MAS; what, consequently, improves the aspects of reuse revolving around variability. This is how our approach, which is based on the general SPL process, in favour of an improvement, pushes the limits of current MAS-PL approaches
Lucas, Sterenn. "Les déterminants de la consommation verte : une application aux produits de la mer". Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4024.
Texto completoThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the determinants of demand for green products, and in particular, eco-friendly seafood. In the first chapter, we summarize existing literature on the demand for green products and highlight the characteristics that are specific to seafood. In the second chapter, we use survey data to study the demand for ecolabeled seafood products in Europe. Our econometric results show that there are links between the acceptance of an ecolabel and purchasing criteria, type, age and education level. In the third chapter, we analyze the determinants of consumption of seafood with three different labels: an eco-label, a health label and a fair-trade label. With the data from a French survey, we use an econometric analysis to show that consumers with positive attitudes towards ecolabels and consumers with positive attitudes towards fair-trade labels are similar, and can be distinguished from consumers with positive attitudes towards health labels. In the fourth chapter, we study the influence of social interactions on the demand for green and standard goods. Through a public goods model, we show that these interactions can cause a crowding out effect on the demand for a better environment. In the fifth chapter, we analyze the role of social interactions on the probability of being willing to pay more for ecolabeled seafood. We show through a matching model that being a part of a social circle with positive attitudes towards ecolabels raises this probability. This finding is valid for women while men do not seem to be influenced by their peers
Wu, Shaoping. "Etudes vers la synthèse totale et la modification structurale du Gentiopicroside". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066304.
Texto completoGentiopicroside (GPS) is a secoiridoid compound isolated from Gentiana lutea which is called Qin Jiao in Chinese. It is one of the most common herbal medicines used in China. The biological and pharmacological activities of GPS contain antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antihepatotoxic and choleretic activities. GPS is involved in ongoing phase III clinical trials as the first class new drug. However, the structural modifications and total synthesis of GPS is still a challenge for organic chemists.In this thesis we have processed the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of a series of GPS derivatives as potential hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry inhibitors. Some common functional elements in drug design, such as halogen, sulfur, azide and amino group, have been successfully introduced on the sugar moiety of GPS. In the mean time, we studied three approaches to synthesize the aglycone part of GPS. Two of them are based on organocatalyzed inter- or intramolecular [3+3] cycloadditions from unsaturated aldehydes B and D. The third one was based on an NHC-catalysed rearrangement of α,β-unsaturated enol-esters F. The common key intermediate for these approaches was the unsaturated ester A which was prepared in four steps from commercially available D-(-)-manitol and methylcrotonate. The formal [3+3] cycloaddition between enal 54 and the stabilized enol 59 did not provide the expected cyclo-adduct even if on a model reaction 3,4-dihydropyran 68 and pyranone 69 were formed. The α-substituted position of enal 54 could explain this default in reactivity under proline organocatalysis. The treatment of enol-ester 77 with N-Heterocyclic-Carbene gave an access to the advanced precursor 78 potentially useful in the total synthesis of GPS
Kreziak, Dominique. "Les motivations de la consommation verte : une approche par les chaînages cognitifs". Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21007.
Texto completoConfronted to an increasing environmental concern, consumers are now offered opportunities to reduce the negative impact of their consumption on the environment. They can make environmentally responsible consumption choices: green products, recycling, biologically grown products. However, consumer motivation towards green consumption remains unclear, as environmental attitude is surprisingly not significantly related to these behaviors. Here, consumer motivation is considered to be reflected in the goal structures related to specific green consumption behavior. Means-end chain theory is used to uncover consumer goal structures. Several goal orientations related to green consumption, as well as consumer segments are identified. The results reveal that green consumption goes beyond environmental protection, an intermediate goal leading in turn to more abstract goals such as hedonism, health concern, preservation of the quality of life, respecting others or expressing one's values. Detailed results deepen the understanding of the motivations underlying glass recycling and green purchases, and underline their diversity. As a conclusion, managerial implications are derived on the use of goal structures to create persuasive messages targeting the consumer segments identified in the analysis
Hilléreau, Maël Gardan Yvon. "Vers une CAO guidée par la connaissance des fabricants". Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2008. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000859.pdf.
Texto completoTran, Thi Thanh Huong. "Be innovative to be green : how consumers respond to eco-innovative product designs". Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1A018/document.
Texto completoThe introduction of eco-innovation is considered an effective way for companies to strategically align themselves with consumers’ increasing environmental concerns. Drawing on the sustainability and innovation literature, this dissertation proposes that product design factors, individual differences, and situational variables, significantly influence consumer responses to eco-innovation. The findings of five online experiments explore the underlying mechanisms of how consumers respond to eco-innovative product designs across various Internet-of-Things product categories. Specifically, we uncover the effect of trade-offs between innovative features and eco-friendly benefits on consumer responses and shine new light on the moderating role of consumer beliefs about eco-friendly product effectiveness (Study 1). Our results also show that different types of eco-friendly attributes in new product designs trigger different consumer responses (Study 2). Moreover, this dissertation sheds light on the nature of eco-friendly consumer innovativeness and its interaction effects with perceived trade-offs in eco-innovative product designs on consumers’ product evaluation and purchase intentions (Study 3). We also document consumers’ associations between detachability of an eco-friendly attribute on consumer responses (Study 4). Finally, we highlight that consumers’ evaluations of eco-innovation hinge on ecological country of manufacture and its congruence with product eco-friendliness (Study 5). The dissertation concludes with theoretical and managerial implications, such as advice for firms on the best practices for competitive advantage achievement in an eco-innovation context
Delaunay, Isabelle. "Échanges artistiques entre livres d'heures manuscrits et imprimés produits à Paris (vers 1480-1500)". Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040185.
Texto completoJougleux, Muriel. "La creation de nouveaux produits dans les services publics : vers un service public prospecteur?" Paris, ENMP, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENMP0426.
Texto completoA way to modernize public service is to creatre new products which change the relationship with the user. Through the study of four products, the "carte integrale" a la r. A. T. P. , "colissimo" and "chronopost" in the poste and the "carte kiwi" in the s. N. C. F. , a model of analysis of this change is suggested. It is based on four dimensions which are the personalization, the permanence, the complexification and the enrichment of the relationship with the user. These products generate a more developed pattern of service and are levers of change in the public services which offer them. However these products cause some disturbances in the public services, which may be ascribed on the one hand, to a crisis in corporate skills and on the other hand, to a self-questioning by public services of their missions : how far such products really translate the public services missions? to overcome these crises, the public service must become prospector: it assume responsibility for the definition of its missions
Boulard, Lucie. "Réactions d'allylation diastéréosélective et de métathèse vers la synthèse de produits naturels biologiquement actifs". Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066150.
Texto completoToueg, Julie. "Vers la synthèse du tricylce ABC de l'acide hexacyclinique". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003153.
Texto completoBouju, Élodie. "Eco-purification de produits naturels par CPC : changement d'échelle et solvants alternatifs". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10220/document.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to propose some clues for natural products eco-purification by centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), a preparative separation technique that uses a biphasic solvent system. First, the manuscript describes the differents preparative techniques commonly used for natural products purification. Then, the centrifugal partition chromatography technique is detailed. The green chemistry concept is subsequently introduced and discussed in regard to its application in purification process. A method development is realized on a small scale CPC, illustrating the reduction of solvent consumption and waste production, through the carnosol purification from rosemary. Later, a new scale-up methodology for CPC is introduced to efficiently transfer the method on larger instrument and increase production. This new methodology will allow for a CPC user to reduce solvent and energy consumption and chemical wastes discharges. This scale-up methodology is then applied to carnosol purification from a rosemary solid extract. Finally, the last part of this manuscript is devoted to petroleum solvents substitution by more environmentally friendly solvents like bio-sourced solvents
Tosi, Pierluigi. "Stratégies de valorisation des humines en tant que sous produits de bioraffineries grâce à l’éco conception de matériaux poreux et à leurs applications". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4100.
Texto completoDeveloping research and markets around by-products has become indispensable not only from the environmental point of view but also for the circular economy of the industrial processes. In this context, humins constitute one of the most promising by-products. Humins are formed during the biorefinery conversion of lignocellulosic biomass derived sugars into furanic compounds. They consist in a dark-colored, highly viscous, mixture of oligomers derived from random condensations between the several intermediates (mainly HMF and derivatives) formed during the acid catalyzed process. Our group, along with many recent researches, have proven the many hidden possibilities of this furan-rich mixture, which might in turn be attractive for the interesting properties that humins can offer. In this thesis we report several studies performed in order to valorize this material, with a particular focus on humins foams, new polymeric carbon-based porous materials derived from industrial humins in a straightforward and economic attractive way. Humins foams can be prepared by direct heating treatments of humins industrially obtained without any preliminary step such as purification, separation or modification. We show in this manuscript that is possible to control the foams properties (pores dimension, degree of cells opening, morphology, carbon content, etc.) by controlling the preparation parameters such as temperatures applied, heating ramps, gas flow, amount of humins or kind of crucible. The mechanism of foaming has been revealed, several preparation conditions screening carried out, and the material characterized from the chemical, physico-chemical and structural point of view. Furthermore, for the first time, thermal hazard studies for both humins and humins foams have been carried out, which are indispensable for their transport and commercialization in support of entire Biorefinery. Humins foams properties have been deeply studied and tested in several fields, highlighting their most promising applications. Among these, humins foams has been successfully used in the preparation of alumina porous materials by sacrificial templating, which opens the path to future investigations involving further porous materials preparation. Along humins foams, also preliminary studies of crude humins application as dyes for sensitized solar cells and for further materials and composites preparations were carried out. This thesis not only proves how promising humins materials are, highlighting their major advantages and the points of s trength that would be competitive on the market, but also aims to increase the interest around these materials. This thesis offers a good starting point for further and future valorizations, with advantages that will involve the environment along with the entire Biorefinery
Labanowski, Jérôme. "Matière organique naturelle et anthropique : vers une meilleure compréhension de sa réactivité et de sa caractérisation". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/9d25021a-654e-427c-bdac-a3e8527731cd/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0031.pdf.
Texto completoThis study was interested to characterise Organic Matter (OM) from a leachate, OM which plays a major role within landfills. Fractionation protocols by XAD resins were set up in order to compare the distribution of carbon-contained and nitrogen-contained elements and of the oxydability of this OM with various OM of terrestrial (soil, peat) and aquatic (surface water and groundwater) natural environments The basic elements of the leachate OM were identified by pyrolysis GC/MS after TMAH derivation. The most hydrophilic OM was the subject of a procedure of conditioning to pyrolysis, based on a fixation on a catalytic clay. Biodegradability tests were developed for an original characterisation of OM based on its biochemical reactivity. Another approach of characterisation consisted in studying the chemical reactivity of OM by using treatment processes like coagulation-flocculation and electrocoagulation