Tesis sobre el tema "Problème de placement d'UAV"
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Ait, Saadi Amylia. "Coordination of scout drones (UAVs) in smart-city to serve autonomous vehicles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG064.
Texto completoThe subject of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has become a promising study field in bothresearch and industry. Due to their autonomy and efficiency in flight, UAVs are considerablyused in various applications for different tasks. Actually, the autonomy of the UAVis a challenging issue that can impact both its performance and safety during the mission.During the flight, the autonomous UAVs are required to investigate the area and determineefficiently their trajectory by preserving their resources (energy related to both altitude andpath length) and satisfying some constraints (obstacles and axe rotations). This problem isdefined as the UAV path planning problem that requires efficient algorithms to be solved,often Artificial Intelligence algorithms. In this thesis, we present two novel approachesfor solving the UAV path planning problem. The first approach is an improved algorithmbased on African Vultures Optimization Algorithm (AVOA), called CCO-AVOA algorithms,which integrates the Chaotic map, Cauchy mutation, and Elite Opposition-based learningstrategies. These three strategies improve the performance of the original AVOA algorithmin terms of the diversity of solutions and the exploration/exploitation search balance. Asecond approach is a hybrid-based approach, called CAOSA, based on the hybridization ofChaotic Aquila Optimization with Simulated Annealing algorithms. The introduction of thechaotic map enhances the diversity of the Aquila Optimization (AO), while the SimulatedAnnealing (SA) algorithm is applied as a local search algorithm to improve the exploitationsearch of the traditional AO algorithm. Finally, the autonomy and efficiency of the UAVare tackled in another important application, which is the UAV placement problem. Theissue of the UAV placement relays on finding the optimal UAV placement that satisfies boththe network coverage and connectivity while considering the UAV's limitation from energyand load. In this context, we proposed an efficient hybrid called IMRFO-TS, based on thecombination of Improved Manta Ray Foraging Optimization, which integrates a tangentialcontrol strategy and Tabu Search algorithms
Gomez-Villouta, Giglia. "Méthodes heuristiques pour le problème de placement sur bande en deux dimensions". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575859.
Texto completoGómez-Villouta, Giglia. "Méthodes heuristiques pour le problème de placement sur bande en deux dimensions". Angers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ANGE0022.
Texto completoPacking problems are usually NP-hard, or NP-complete according to the objective. One has to locate a set of objects into one or more “container(s)”, with fix dimensions or of infinite height, while respecting constraints related to some characteristics (weight, quantity, rotation, stability, guillotine cuts. . . ). Themain interest of these problems are the numerous practical applications from various domains. The most effective solution strategies for these problems are usually approximate methods, local search in particular. In this thesis, we are interested in a particular two-dimensional packing problem (without rotation nor guillotine cuts) known as “strip packing” (SPP). The objective of this problem, after locating rectangular objects without overlap, is to minimize the height of the resulting packing. We developed two “meta-heuristic” approaches for the SPP, both including innovative components based on problem knowledge. The first one is a genetic algorithm with a new (highly “visual”) crossover and a hierarchical fitness function. The second one is a tabu search with “direct” representation (i. E. Not using the classical permutations) whose main characteristics are a consistent neighborhood, a “well-informed” diversification (based on the search history), and a fitness function able to evaluate possibly partial solutions. The two proposed approaches, assessed on a well-known and very difficult benchmark, show good performances compared with other strategies
Nguyen, Xuan-Nam. "Une approche « boite noire » pour résoudre le problème de placement des règles dans un réseau OpenFlow". Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4012/document.
Texto completoThe massive number of connected devices combined with an increasing traffic push network operators to their limit by limiting their profitability. To tackle this problem, Software-Defined Networking (SDN), which decouples network control logic from forwarding devices, has been proposed. An important part of the SDN concepts is implemented by the OpenFlow protocol that abstracts network communications as flows and processes them using a prioritized list of rules on the network forwarding elements. While the abstraction offered by OpenFlow allows to implement many applications, it raises the new problem of how to define the rules and where to place them in the network while respecting all requirements, which we refer as the OpenFlow Rules Placement Problem (ORPP). In this thesis, we focus on the ORPP and hide the complexity of network management by proposing a black box abstraction. First, we formalize that problem, classify and discuss existing solutions. We discover that most of the solutions enforce the routing policy when placing rules, which is not memory efficient in some cases. Second, by trading routing for better resource efficiency, we propose OFFICER and aOFFICER, two frameworks that select OpenFlow rules satisfying policies and network constraints, while minimizing overheads. The main idea of OFFICER an aOFFICER is to give high priority for large flows to be installed on efficient paths, and let other flows follow default paths. These proposals are evaluated and compared to existing solutions in realistic scenarios. Finally, we study a use case of the black box abstraction, in which we improve the performance of content delivery services in cellular networks
Bekrar, Abdelghani. "Résolution du problème de placement en deux dimensions : heuristiques, bornes inférieures et méthodes exactes". Troyes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TROY0019.
Texto completoIn this thesis we studied the two dimensional packing problem with guillotine cuts. For this problem we have proposed several methods to compute approximate solutions, lower bounds and exact solutions. We have developed two heuristics. The first one puts the items in levels and the second one puts the items in bottom-left positions without limitation to the levels. Both of the heuristics lead to guillotine configurations. We tested several methods to compute the lower bounds, namely : linear programming, the decomposition of the problem, the Lagrangian relaxation and the cutting plane method. To obtain exact solution, we have proposed three algorithms : the branch and bound method, the branch and price method and dichotomical search procedure. The performances of the proposed methods have been evaluated on instances of literature and other generated randomly
Saadi, Toufik. "Résolution séquentielles et parallèles des problèmes de découpe / placement". Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354737.
Texto completoBounsaythip, Catherine. "Algorithmes heuristiques et évolutionnistes : application à la résolution du problème de placement de formes irrégulières". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-241.pdf.
Texto completoHamdi-Dhaoui, Khaoula. "Optimisation conjointe du transport et du placement avec des contraintes de sécurité". Troyes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TROY0019.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we present three extensions of classical combinatorial problems. The first problem is the Vehicle Routing Problem with conflicts which extends the well-known vehicle routing problem by adding incompatibility constraints between customers’ demands. The conflicting demands have to be therefore as-signed to different vehicles. The two-dimensional Bin Packing Problem is also generalized by introducing partial conflicts. A safe distance has to be kept between partially conflicting items assigned to the same bin. The third problem studied is an extension of the two Dimensional Loading Vehicle Routing Problem that considers partial conflicts. Two variants of this new problem are introduced: the first is mono-objective and the second one is bi-objective. In the bi-objective variant, the criterion of load balancing in terms of occupied area in the vehicle is considered in addition to total cost minimization of the routes. Several mathematical models have been pro-posed for these problems. Heuristic and Meta-heuristic methods have also been developed to solve them. A branch and cut algorithm has been used to obtain lower bounds for the vehicle routing problem with conflicts
Wu, Lei. "Contribution à la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers : problèmes de placement-chargement et knapsack". Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0112.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with Integer Linear Programming (ILP) : an effective approach for modeling and solving combinatorial optimization problems. ILP is becoming more and more important for treating practical problems in recent research. Despite the fact that the problem has often a complex and highly combinatorial structure, ILP-based resolution methods may lose their effectiveness. The main goal of our framework is to reduce the completeness of ILP-based method by exploiting the problem's particular properties. In order to show how the ILP could contribute effectively to solving combinatorial optimization problems, we consider two NP-hard problems : 3D Single Bin-Size Bin Packing Problem and Multi-dimensional Multi-choice Multiple Knapsack Problem. The first problem comes from the industrial world, particularly in logistics processes where it is proposed to solve, for example, a problem of optimal allocation of boxes with a set of available containers (parcels, pallets, etc. ) in the process of a supply chain. The second problem can be encountered in real-world applications, such as service level agreement, model of allocation resources, or as a dynamic adaptation of system of resources for multimedia multi-sessions
Barrault, Mathieu. "Le placement cartographique des écritures : résolution d'un problème à forte combinatoire et présentant un grand nombre de contraintes variées". Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MARN0031.
Texto completoValicov, Petru. "Problèmes de placement, de coloration et d'identification". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801982.
Texto completoValicov, Petru. "Problèmes de placement, de coloration et d’identification". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14549/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we study three theoretical computer science problems, namely the orthogonal packing problem (OPP for short), strong edge-colouring and identifying codes.OPP consists in testing whether a set of rectangular items can be packed in a rectangular container without overlapping and without exceeding the borders of this container. An additional constraint is that the rotation of the items is not allowed. The problem is NP-hard even when the problem is reduced to packing squares in a square. We propose an exact algorithm for solving OPP efficiently using the characterization of the problem by interval graphs proposed by Fekete and Schepers. For this purpose we use some compact representation of interval graphs - MPQ-trees. We show experimental results of our approach by comparing them to the results of other algorithms known in the literature. we observe promising gains.The study of strong edge-colouring and identifying codes is focused on the structural and computational aspects of these combinatorial problems. In the case of strong edge-colouring we are interested in the families of planar graphs and subcubic graphs. We show optimal upper bounds for the strong chromatic index of subcubic graphs as a function of the maximum average degree. We also show that every planar subcubic graph without induced cycles of length 4 and 5 can be strong edge-coloured with at most nine colours. Finally, we confirm the difficulty of the problem by showing that it remains NP-complete even in some restricted classes of planar subcubic graphs.For the subject of identifying codes we propose a characterization of non-trivial graphs having maximum identifying code number ID, that is n-1, where n is the number of vertices. We study the case of line graphs and prove lower and upper bounds for ID parameter in this class. At last we investigate the complexity of the corresponding decision problem and show the existence of a linear algorithm for computing ID of the line graph L(G) where G has the size of the tree-width bounded by a constant. On the other hand, we show that the identifying code problem is NP-complete in various subclasses of planar graphs
Khemmoudj, Mohand Ou Idir. "Modélisation et résolution de systèmes de contraintes : application au problème de placement des arrêts et de la production des réacteurs nucléaires d'EDF". Paris 13, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA132010.
Texto completoToussaint, Hélène. "Algorithmique rapide pour les problèmes de tournées et d'ordonnancement". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844699.
Texto completoToussaint, Hélène. "Algorithmique rapide pour les problèmes de tournées et d'ordonnancement". Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22053.
Texto completoBouzoubaa, Yahya. "Méthodes exactes et heuristiques pour l’optimisation de l’agencement d’un logement : application aux situations de handicap". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0369/document.
Texto completoAt an application level, this thesis deals with the layout of an accommodation intended for a disabled person. Determining the layout means choosing the position, shape and dimensions of rooms, doors and corridors. It is usually an architect's job but the complexity is such that it is very unlikely that he succeeds in optimally fulfilling all the constraints: first, there are architectural constraints: no room overlapping, sufficient width for the corridors, accessibility to and from any point, mandatory positioning of some rooms on some areas (e.g. water supply and outlet) … Then, there are constraints imposed by disabilities: enlarged corridors (wheelchairs), mandatory daily amount of efforts (fight against aging), reducing the number of steps (severe asthma), moving a room away from shared walls (deafness)... Finally, there are the wishes expressed by the future occupant, such as minimizing some journeys, maximizing the distance between two rooms or fixing a room's orientation. From a formal point of view, our work has consisted, firstly, in developing mathematical models and algorithmic methods to deal with all these constraints and, secondly, in realizing software prototypes applying these concepts. The tools we propose aim either at optimizing a layout previously designed by an architect or at synthesising a layout without any initial suggestions from the architect. Synthesis has been tackled as bin-packing-type problem (known to be NP-hard) but with additional constraints: the objects to be placed (the rooms) have variable sizes and they are submitted to functional constraints. The resolution is based on a first, initially quadratic and then linearized, mixed integer mathematical model. It has been successfully applied to position and dimension the rooms of an accommodation, to determine corridors allowing a full accessibility to all the rooms and to take into account a number of constraints coming from the disabilities of the future occupant. A second mathematical model has been formulated for the positioning of the doors and, finally, a heuristic method has been designed to assign the space used by useless corridors to adjacent rooms. The whole process has been embedded in a fully operational software. The second set of contributions is about the optimization of an existing layout. This task has been tackled through an iterative process, looping on evaluation and modification (improvement) of an accommodation. It has been implemented in four different ways: a metaheuristic (simulated annealing) and three local-search-type methods, which traverse the solution space by using specific definitions of the neighbourhood. This approach has firstly underlined the multicriteria feature of our problem and, secondly, has required the development of many computational geometry algorithms. All this work is integrated in another functional prototype software. To understand the expectations of the scientific, social and professional worlds, this project has implied to take part to various manifestations which were national or regional, in the computer science domain or in others, scientific or non-scientific, organised by various political or non-political organisations working in the field of disabilities and accessibility. This phase has resulted in many reports which have directly fed into the bibliography of this thesis
Salas, Donoso Ignacio Antonio. "Packing curved objects with interval methods". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMNA0277/document.
Texto completoA common problem in logistic, warehousing, industrial manufacture, newspaper paging or energy management in data centers is to allocate items in a given enclosing space or container. This is called a packing problem. Many works in the literature handle the packing problem by considering specific shapes or using polygonal approximations. The goal of this thesis is to allow arbitrary shapes, as long as they can be described mathematically (by an algebraic equation or a parametric function). In particular, the shapes can be curved and non-convex. This is what we call the generic packing problem. We propose a framework for solving this generic packing problem, based on interval techniques. The main ingredients of this framework are: An evolutionary algorithm to place the objects, an over lapping function to be minimized by the evolutionary algorithm (violation cost), and an overlapping region that represents a pre-calculated set of all the relative configurations of one object (with respect to the other one) that creates an overlapping. This overlapping region is calculated numerically and distinctly for each pair of objects. The underlying algorithm also depends whether objects are described by inequalities or parametric curves. Preliminary experiments validate the approach and show the potential of this framework
Dào, Ngoc Minh. "Techniques d'optimisation non lisse avec des applications en automatique et en mécanique des contacts". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2478/.
Texto completoNonsmooth optimization is an active branch of modern nonlinear programming, where objective and constraints are continuous but not necessarily differentiable functions. Generalized subgradients are available as a substitute for the missing derivative information, and are used within the framework of descent algorithms to approximate local optimal solutions. Under practically realistic hypotheses we prove convergence certificates to local optima or critical points from an arbitrary starting point. In this thesis we develop especially nonsmooth optimization techniques of bundle type, where the challenge is to prove convergence certificates without convexity hypotheses. Satisfactory results are obtained for two important classes of nonsmooth functions in applications, lower- and upper-C1 functions. Our methods are applied to design problems in control system theory and in unilateral contact mechanics and in particular, in destructive mechanical testing for delamination of composite materials. We show how these fields lead to typical nonsmooth optimization problems, and we develop bundle algorithms suited to address these problems successfully