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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Problem of conflicts of laws"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de mayo de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Problem of conflicts of laws"

Hartley, Trevor C. "‘LIBEL TOURISM’ AND CONFLICT OF LAWS". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 59, n.º 1 (enero de 2010): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589309990029.

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AbstractThis article considers the problem of ‘libel tourism’ (forum shopping in transnational libel cases) from the point of view of English and EU law (both relevant in certain situations). If proceedings are brought in a forum having no real connection with the case, and if the lex fori is applied, free speech in other countries could be undermined. This is particularly a problem where the case is brought in England, because of the pro-claimant slant of English libel law. The article notes when English conflicts law is applicable and when EU conflicts law is applicable, and explains the English and EU law regarding choice of law, jurisdiction and forum non conveniens in order to assess whether there is a genuine problem. It concludes that there is, particularly with regard to the Internet. Possible solutions are suggested.

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Petrov, A. A. "COMPLEX CONFLICTS OF LAW AND HOW TO DEAL WITH THEM: REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH BY A.S. GAMBARYAN AND L.G. DALLAKYAN "CONFLICT OF LAW RULES AND THEIR COMPETITION" (MOSCOW: YURLITINFORM PUBL., 2019. 160 P.)". Lex Russica, n.º 11 (22 de noviembre de 2019): 155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1729-5920.2019.156.11.155-162.

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The reviewed monograph is devoted to the theoretical and legal puzzle — complex conflicts of law (coincidence of conflicts, competition of conflict of laws). The book contains a number of valuable ideas on the topic of research. In particular, the authors correctly distinguish between positivized conflict-of-laws rules and principles (maxims) developed by lawyers to overcome conflicts (conflict-of-laws rules of interpretation), which may be inconsistent with each other. This gives rise to complex conflicts. The authors successfully demonstrate this by the example of the complex fate of the lex posteriori derogat priori principle in the legal system of Armenia. The work provides a comparative legal study of the legal regulation of the resolution of conflicts of norms, including complex conflicts, in the post-Soviet States. The hierarchical system of conflict criteria proposed by the authors to overcome complex conflicts of law is very interesting. In addition, the monograph describes in detail the problems of "non-systemic conflicts" in law, which are understood as antinomies of principles and norms of law and inconsistency between the principles of law. At the same time, there are a number of controversial theses in the work, for example, on the priority of the humanistic substantive criterion of conflict resolution over traditional legal criteria (such as lex superior, lex specialis, lex posterior); on the need to allocate competence and industry criteria as separate criteria for overcoming conflicts; on the restrictive author’s interpretation of the scope of application of the lex specialis conflict principle. These controversial ideas are criticized in the review in a well-reasoned manner.

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Tier, Akolda M. "Techniques of Choice of Law in Conflict of Personal Laws". Journal of African Law 30, n.º 1 (1986): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185530000646x.

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The division of state inhabitants into communities living under different laws opens up possibilities of conflicts problems on an unprecedented scale. These problems may arise not only when members of different communities enter into legal relationships, but also when the parties, whether members of the same community or not, choose to regulate their legal relations in accordance with another personal law. The occurrence of either of these circumstances poses some problems for which the law is difficult or uncertain. This study attempts to examine with particular reference to the Sudan the problem of choice of law to be administered.In examining the problem of choice of law I shall attempt to show and compare how different systems of personal laws (i.e., where personal laws are administered in their respective courts of nationality, religion or ethnic community and courts which administer two or more personal laws) try to solve choice of law problems. It is apparent that the existence of thelex foriin the former and its absence in the latter should affect the approach to the problem of choice of law. The contrast between the two approaches is striking. The contention here is that systems of personal laws always apply theirlex foriand treat questions of choice of law as mere questions of competence.

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Sholahudin, Umar, Hotman Siahaan y Herlambang Perdana Wiratraman. "A Relational Analysis of State Law and Folk Law in the Bongkoran Agrarian Conflicts, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java, Indonesia". Society 8, n.º 2 (30 de septiembre de 2020): 419–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/society.v8i2.195.

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Apart from having a socio-economic dimension, agrarian conflicts in Bongkoran, Banyuwangi Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia, also have a legal dimension. There is a dualism of law that is conflictual in terms of land tenure and use claims. One party, the government, and corporations rely on legalistic-positivistic state laws, while local people rely on folk law, namely informal laws that have existed, lived, and developed in communal society for generations. This research focuses on how the sociological perspective of law analyzes the legal conflicts that occur in Bongkoran agrarian conflict, particularly between state law and folk law. This research used a qualitative method with a legal sociology perspective. The research subjects were farmers/people of Bongkoran, Community Legal Advisors (CLA), Government (Local Government, National Land Agency, and Police), and corporate elements (PT Wongsorejo). Informants were selected using a purposive sampling technique, based on certain considerations that can be recognized beforehand, namely recognizing and understanding the problem under this research. Data collection was conducted through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by referring to the perspectives that have been presented. The results indicated that the resolution of agrarian conflicts in Bongkoran requires the implementation of laws that are more just for local communities. The implementation of the laws is not only based on rigid articles in the law, but it needs attention to the socio-cultural and historical context of the community. The dominance of state law over folk law in agrarian conflicts results in the practice of subjugation of state law to folk law, both persuasively and repressively. Therefore, to minimize the tension and conflict between state law and folk law in agrarian conflicts, it is necessary to have a new understanding of the relationship between the two laws. The existence and enforcement of folk law are used as a complementary element in normative aspects that have not been regulated in state law.

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Hill, H. Hamner. "Bankruptcy vs. Environmental Protection: A Case Study in Normative Conflict". Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 11, n.º 2 (julio de 1998): 245–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0841820900002010.

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Environmental protection laws are a recent legal development. As soon as these statutes first began to appear, it was evident that the fundamental principles of environmental protection would conflict, at some point, with fundamental principles from other, older, substantive bodies of law. In the American legal system, nowhere has the conflict been more serious than between environmental protection law and the law of bankruptcy. While this problem has attracted significant attention in the law reviews, it has been little noticed outside legal circles. This conflict sheds important light on the nature of normative conflicts generally, and points to the need for a well-developed theory of conflict resolution which courts can use when deciding cases. The root of the problem lies in a conflict between the underlying policy goals of these substantive bodies of law such that satisfying one policy objective necessarily undercuts the other. As such, the conflict between bankruptcy and environmental protection should be classified as a normative collision. This discussion examines this normative collision as it exists in American law in some detail. Such an examination provides interesting insights into the nature and pervasiveness of normative conflicts in our legal system. It also serves to illuminate both the theoretical and practical need for a coherent, well developed mechanism for resolving normative conflicts when conflicts arise.

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Unruh, Jon. "Land Policy Reform, Customary Rule of Law and the Peace Process in Sierra Leone". African Journal of Legal Studies 2, n.º 2 (2008): 94–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221097312x13397499736507.

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AbstractArmed conflict is particularly destructive to socio-legal relations regarding land and property. Reconstruction priorities increasingly include the reform of property legislation as part of efforts to address the causes and reasons for continuation of conflicts. However, a pervasive problem is that postwar laws are extremely difficult to connect with informal on-the-ground developments regarding perceptions of spatially-based rights as populations pursue livelihoods, grievances and aspirations. Left unattended, the problem constitutes a potential flashpoint for a return to conflict. This article examines this connection for postwar Sierra Leone, in order to highlight issues and questions of potential utility. The stakes are high for successfully connecting postwar land tenure laws with informal socio-legal realities. For Sierra Leone, a primary issue is the presence of a large population without access to land, tenure insecurity discouraging investment, large-scale food insecurity and rural unemployment while significant swathes of arable and previously cultivated land stands idle.

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Lystopadova, Valentyna y Diana Khalaim. "APPLICATION OF LANCHESTER'S MATHEMATICAL LAWS IN MILITARY STRATEGY". Education. Innovation. Practice 11, n.º 8 (31 de octubre de 2023): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31110/2616-650x-vol11i8-007.

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Mathematics, as the science of numbers, structures, and models, plays an important role in many aspects of military operations and strategies. From calculating the probability of success or failure of military operations to determining the best ways to deploy troops and resources, mathematics provides military strategists with powerful tools to make informed and effective decisions. One of the most important aspects of using mathematics in the military is developing strategies for combat operations. From determining the location of troops and the size of forces to the conditions of operations, mathematical methods and models help to optimize decisions. To determine the probability of success of military operations, mathematics uses probability theory and statistics. This allows us to estimate the probability of achieving the goal, taking into account various factors such as military equipment, enemy location, and other external conditions. The analysis of previous military conflicts and data allows us to statistically estimate probability distributions and predict military events. Mathematics also plays an important role in solving logistics and resource allocation problems. Determining the optimal route for the movement of troops and resources can be formulated as a path optimization problem. Mathematical methods are also used in the field of intelligence and the development of new technologies. Cryptography, which protects important information from unauthorized access, is based on complex mathematical algorithms. Mathematical models can also be used to simulate military operations, study the impact of new weapons systems, or analyze missile trajectories. It is worth adding that mathematical laws help to analyze and predict the outcomes of military conflicts, in particular, to determine the impact of the size and effectiveness of the enemy forces on the probability of success. In this article, the main focus is on the laws of Lanchester's mathematical models. The article presents the derivation of Lanchester's linear law and an example of its application. The mathematical principles of the quadratic Lanchester's law are considered on an example. It is indicated and highlighted how these mathematical laws can be applied in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

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Finlay, Christopher J. "The Perspective of the Rebel: A Gap in the Global Normative Architecture". Ethics & International Affairs 31, n.º 2 (2017): 213–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0892679417000089.

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If people have a right to rebel against domestic tyranny, wrongful foreign occupation, or colonial rule, then the normative principles commonly invoked to deal with civil conflicts present a problem. While rebels in some cases might justifiably try to secure human rights by resort to violence, the three normative pillars dealing with armed force provide at best only a partial reflection of the ethics of armed revolt. This article argues that (first) the concept of “terrorism” and the ongoing attempt to define it in international law, (second) the laws of war and their application to armed conflict, and (third) the Responsibility to Protect all obscure as much as clarify the problem. Given the prevalence of political oppression and the occurrence of civil conflicts originating in attempts to confront it, there is therefore a pressing need to establish a place for the rights of rebellion in the international normative architecture.

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Berlian, Arthur tahta. "ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW AGAINST THE PROPAGATION OF INFORMATION THAT INCITES HATRED OR INDIVIDUAL HOSTILITY BASED ON ETHNIC, RELIGIOUS, RACIAL, AND INTER-GROUP THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA". Progressive Law Review 2, n.º 01 (22 de abril de 2020): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36448/plr.v2i01.27.

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In a community life it is undeniable that conflicts can happen anywhere, by anyone, and at any time. The conflict occurs for any reason both least and the greatest and sometimes difficult to solve. In conflict situations, there can be conflicts between individuals, conflicts between groups, and even more complex conflicts, such as conflicts between tribes, religion, race, and inter-group that are subsequently in brief (SARA). The problem raised in this research is why perpetrators commit a criminal offence dissemination of electronic information containing the issue of SARA, how to apply criminal sanctions against perpetrators who spread the issue of SARA through social media based on prevailing laws and regulations, and how judgment of judges against perpetrators of dissemination of information containing the issue of SARA through electronic media. The results of the study showed that the causes of criminal issues spread to the issue of the perpetrators is the hatred of the Lampung people, because the perpetrator has had a dispute understanding of someone who is in Lampung. Differences of thought, disputes between individuals and groups is often the case, but do not necessarily blaspheme, overtake, and harasses with profanity phrases. Social Media was created for the means of communication and not for the event of the blasphemy.

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Sechin, Daniil. "Content of the Martens’ clause". Meždunarodnoe pravosudie 11, n.º 1 (2021): 164–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21128/2226-2059-2021-1-164-182.

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The article is devoted to internal content of the Martens clause, which is an important social relations regulator. The practical relevance of this research is justified by existing armed conflicts, as well as by the fact that it fills the legal vacuum arising in situations that are unresolved with international treaties and customs. Moreover, the Martens clause is one of the links between international humanitarian law and international human rights law, which provides the necessary level of legal protection for all parties in armed conflicts. Accordingly, the regulatory role of the Martens clause is increasing which can be found in judicial practice. However, there was no examination of the relationship between morality and the Martens’ clause content. The main aim of this study is to identify the moral meaning and content of the principle of humanity and public consciousness, because the potential discrepancy of this provision may cause risks in the protection of rights of armed conflicts participants. Unclear content of the clause necessitates the application of externalist approaches to legal concepts. Application of ethical and philosophical methods makes it possible to disclose the correlation of moral laws and armed conflicts, understand the moral content of the requirements of public consciousness and the principles of humanity. Moral relativism and absolutism in relation to armed conflict are analyzed. Based on their correlation, the risks of moral self-elimination and leveling of morality are described as the problem of contradiction of absolute moral laws and the essence of armed conflict. To solve this problem an attempt is made to formulate a moral law which will combine the requirements of public consciousness and the principles of humanity. The conclusion of the study is that moral content of the requirements of public consciousness is in active actions dictated by the aim of getting long and just peace. The principles of humanity are reflected in the principle of limited universalization of the actions of participants in armed conflicts. This moral law contains a moral justification for the actions of a combatant, as well as a restriction of actions based on limited universalization.

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Tesis sobre el tema "Problem of conflicts of laws"

Diop, Falilou. "Uniformisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle et conflits de lois dans l'OAPI". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSE3046.

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L’idée selon laquelle l’uniformisation du droit de la propriété intellectuelle écarte le problème des conflits de lois semble profondément ancrée dans l’opinion des observateurs qui se sont intéressés au droit de l’OAPI. Du moins, les études qui se rapportent à la propriété intellectuelle dans cet espace n’abordent pas spécifiquement la question du conflit de lois. Lorsqu’elles l’évoquent ponctuellement, elles se limitent essentiellement à constater que ses rapports avec le droit uniforme se résument à sa disparition pure et simple. Ce constat commun méritait néanmoins d’être vérifié. C’est donc à une telle vérification, opérée au moyen d’une confrontation des effets de l’uniformisation du droit de propriété intellectuelle et des causes du problème des conflits de lois, qu’est consacrée la première partie de la présente thèse. Les résultats de cette confrontation conduisent à constater la persistance du problème des conflits de lois au sein de l’espace OAPI, même si le droit uniforme ne manque pas d’en influencer la configuration. Ainsi, la seconde partie de la thèse est consacrée à la recherche de solutions adaptées à la configuration particulière du problème dans l’OAPI. Cette recherche des solutions prend en compte les objectifs de l’entreprise d’uniformisation du droit de propriété intellectuelle, les engagements internationaux des États membres ainsi que les intérêts spécifiques que l’identification de la loi applicable cherche à servir. Elle aboutit, d’une part, à la proposition de solutions positive concernant la coordination institutionnelle nécessaire à une réalisation uniforme des droits de propriété intellectuelle ; d’autre part, à l’élaboration de règles destinées à l’identification de la loi applicable aux différents aspects de la propriété intellectuelle
The idea that the uniformization of intellectual property law eliminates the problem of conflict of laws seems to be deeply rooted in the opinion of observers who have taken an interest in OAPI law. At least, the studies that relate to intellectual property in this space do not specifically address the issue of conflict of laws. When they mention it occasionally, they essentially limit themselves to asserting that the uniform law eliminates the problem of conflicts of laws. This common observation nevertheless deserved to be verified. The first part of this thesis is devoted to such a verification. This verification was carried out by means of a comparison between the effects of the uniform intellectual property law and the causes of the problem of conflicts of laws. The results of this confrontation show the persistence of the problem of conflicts of laws within the OAPI area, even if uniform law does not fail to influence its configuration. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the search for solutions adapted to the configuration of the problem within the OAPI area. This search for solutions considers the objectives of the uniformization of intellectual property law, the international commitments of the member states as well as the specific interests that the identification of the applicable law seeks to serve. It leads, on the one hand, to the proposal of positive solutions concerning the jurisdictional coordination necessary for a uniform realization of intellectual property rights; on the other hand, to the development of rules intended to identify the law applicable to different aspects of intellectual property

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Lagerberg, Eric M. "Conflicts of laws in private international air law". Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59992.

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The thesis deals with problems of conflict of laws and its latest developments, especially in Europe, in relation to international air transport. (1) The contractual situations connected with air transport are analysed in light of the applicable international air law conventions and of a comparative survey of the conflict of laws rules of some states and international conventions on conflict of laws concerning contracts. Where the international air law conventions do not supply the solution or where they are not applicable resort has to be made to the conflict of laws. (2) Conflict of laws also arises in the legal interaction (contracts, sale of goods, transfer of ownership--res in transitu, torts, marriages, wills, etc.) between persons onboard an aircraft in flight. (3) The aircraft as an expensive and highly mobile chattel poses problems from the rights in rem point of view in the conflict of laws. (4) Aircraft accidents and the tortious liability of persons and entities involved as well as obligations arising from assistance and rescue operations pose conflict of laws problems.

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Brading, Katherine. "Symmetries, conservation laws and Noether's variational problem". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288912.

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Yoo, Namyoung. "Japanese spirit and Western utility : a comparative study of Japanese conflicts jurisprudence /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9618.

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Ma, Guang. "Conflicts of interest : the opium problem in Guangdong, 1858-1917". Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2536990.

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Chakka, Varun Raj. "Models and algorithms for the Multiple Knapsack problem with conflicts". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022.

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In the Multiple Knapsack Problem with Conflicts, we are given a set of items, each with its own weight and profit, as well as a set of multiple knapsacks, each with its own capacity. The goal is to maximize the total profit of the items inserted in the knapsacks, while respecting the knapsack capacity and the incompatibility constraints between items.. The thesis is based on Basnet2018 research article. I developed some heuristic algorithms and tested them with various instances with a maximum case of 500 items and 15 knapsacks. The results of the computations are reported.

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Sycara, Ekaterini P. "Resolving adversarial conflicts : an approach integrating case-based and analytical methods". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32955.

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Mykhaylychenko, Olena <1976&gt. "Problem of national self-determination in a context of inter-state conflicts". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6338.

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I conflitti internazionali restano per lo più irrisolti nel mondo moderno, nonostante le linee guida e le raccomandazioni che sono gli strumenti fondamentali del diritto internazionale. Le ragioni di questi conflitti sono ovviamente non solo l'elaborazione insufficiente della normativa in uno o in un altro settore specifico. Ci sono molti altri motivi, come quelli: politici, economici, etnici, socio-psicologici e socio-culturali, i quali alimentano i conflitti e non consentono il processo di pace per lo sviluppo. La revisione degli strumenti giuridici internazionali che regola l'autodeterminazione dei popoli deve dare un risultato positivo nella risoluzione dei conflitti etnici sorti negli ultimi decenni. Oggi, per risolvere tali conflitti vengono coinvolti non solamente due partiti che difendono posizioni opposte, ma anche partiti terzi - ovvero i cosiddetti "gruppi interessati". Chiare regole dei documenti fondamentali del diritto internazionale, vincolanti per entrambe le parti del conflitto, dovrebbero risolvere il conflitto senza l’influenza da parte dell'esterno e in conformità con i principi giuridici internazionali, in materia di obblighi in relazione con la Carta delle Nazioni Unite "non interferire negli affari che formano la competenza interna di uno stato ".

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Hamilton, Andrew. "Laws, causes, and kinds toward a solution to the biology problem /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3198868.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed May 30, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 150-160).

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Wiener, Ramos Leonidas. "Problemas de gobernanza en una actividad extractiva: El caso Las Bambas". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8922.

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La presente investigación tiene como propósito contribuir a la comprensión de modelos de gobernanza y su incidencia en la gobernabilidad en ámbitos de extracción minera. Para ello se tomó como caso de estudio el proyecto Las Bambas, que representa la mayor operación minera en ejecución en el país. La investigación permitió establecer que las estructuras de gobierno en el ámbito conformadas por redes de gobernanza, públicas y privadas, han sido insuficientes y han devenido en un déficit crónico de gobernabilidad. El proyecto y las autoridades del gobierno han estado jaqueadas por la emergencia social sin capacidad para rediseñar y mejorar estas redes y reducir la conflictividad social. En consecuencia, hay dudas respecto a la posibilidad de que se pueda alcanzar una situación pacífica en la zona, sostenible en el tiempo y beneficiosa para todos los actores involucrados. Igualmente se revela que las redes de gobernanza creadas para la gestión de Las Bambas desde las empresas que se sucedieron como propietarias de la concesión, respondieron centralmente a la necesidad de avanzar en la ejecución de cada etapa del proyecto. En menor medida, respondieron a las demandas locales que buscaban acceder a los beneficios de la explotación minera. Algunas redes alcanzaron niveles de eficacia y legitimidad elevados y otras en cambio no lo hicieron. Estos resultados obedecerían a las etapas de desarrollo del proyecto, la acumulación de tensiones y las políticas de cada empresa. Las redes entre Estado y población fueron de naturaleza reactiva. Una vez instalada la primera empresa en la zona, el Estado perdió totalmente presencia e iniciativa, y ha respondido a los desbordes de conflictividad forzando mecanismos de diálogo para apaciguar los ánimos. No hubo una perspectiva de diálogo continuo orientado a prevenir el descontento. El análisis también permitió establecer la existencia de una serie de vacios e insuficiencias en el marco legal e institucional formal que regula las actividades mineras, y que han contribuido a deteriorar las condiciones sociales que deben sostener la gobernabilidad de este proyecto minero. Algo similar ocurre con los estándares ambientales y sociales que se han revelado difusos e imprecisos. El cambio en la empresa concesionaria en el 2013, precipitó acontecimientos e introdujo nuevos temas de conflicto a partir de decisiones desafortunadas. Muchas de las redes de gobernanza que fueron construidas en un inicio del proyecto perdieron fortaleza y sostenibilidad con el cambio, constituyéndose en fuentes de conflictividad continuas e introduciendo elementos de incertidumbre sobre el futuro.
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Libros sobre el tema "Problem of conflicts of laws"

Das Problem der autonomen Auslegung des EuGVÜ. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1998.

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Stender, Heike. Überschneidungen im internationalen Menschenrechtsschutz: Zum Problem des overlapping von materiellen Garantien und Kontrollmechanismen. Berlin: BWV, Berliner Wissenschafts Verlag, 2004.

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Die Theorie der Qualifikation: Franz Kahn, Etienne Bartin und die Entwicklung ihrer Lehre bis zur universalen Anerkennung der Qualifikation als allgemeines Problem des internationalen Privatrechts (1890-1945). Tübingen: Mohr, 1986.

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1957-, Baldwin Charles S., ed. International civil dispute resolution: A problem-oriented coursebook. 2^a ed. St. Paul, MN: Thomsom/West, 2008.

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V, Mallison Sally, ed. The Palestine problem in international law and world order. Burnt Mill, Harlow, Essex, England: Longman, 1986.

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H, Vernon David, ed. Conflict of laws: Cases, materials, and problems. New York, N.Y: M. Bender, 1990.

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Leeming, M. J. Resolving conflicts of laws. Annandale, N.S.W: Federation Press, 2011.

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Bhat, S. R. The problem of Hindu-Muslim conflicts. Bangalore, Karnataka, India: Navakarnataka Publications, 1990.

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Bhat, S. R. The problem of Hindu-Muslim conflicts. Bangalore, Karnataka, India: Navakarnataka Publications, 1990.

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Felix, Robert L. American conflicts law. 6^a ed. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press, 2011.

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Geiderman, Joel Martin. "Mandatory and Permissive Reporting Laws: Conflicts in Patient Confidentiality, Autonomy, and the Duty to Report". En Ethical Problems in Emergency Medicine, 271–85. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118292150.ch25.

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Donaldson, T. H. "Insolvency Laws". En How to Handle Problem Loans, 244–57. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07740-3_14.

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Brozolo, Luca G. Radicati di. "Conflicts Of Laws Issues Of International Payments". En International Monetary Law, 457–78. Oxford University PressOxford, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198299233.003.0024.

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Abstract Since international payments involve contacts with at least two different states 24.01 and their respective legal systems, it is intuitive that they raise issues of conflicts of laws. Anybody even superficially familiar with private international law would be quick to realize that such issues are bound to be numerous and complicated. Yet it is surprising that, despite the number of international payments made each day around the world and the likelihood of disputes liable to raise conflicts problems, both the case law and the literature on these issues are quite scarce.

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"Recognition of foreign orders and the problem of abduction Introduction". En Conflict of Laws, 603–12. Routledge-Cavendish, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781843140030-92.

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Hengehold, Laura. "Virtual Conflicts". En Simone de Beauvoir's Philosophy of Individuation, 162–98. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474418874.003.0006.

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According to Deleuze, philosophical problems persist covertly in the actualization of their solutions. This chapter addresses aspects of Beauvoir’s thought in The Second Sex that remain problematic from a Deleuzian perspective, such as the relationship of reciprocity to equality and hierarchy, the relationship between political violence and the “transcendental” violence provoking thought, and finally, the ontological status of the “event” grounding Beauvoir’s understanding of history in Deleuzian terms. This reading of Beauvoir is distinguished from other feminist engagements with Deleuze and argues that the most important task feminist thinkers face is understanding how representation and singularity or becoming can both be taken into consideration by feminist politics at the level of laws and institutions.

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"The Distinction Between Military Objectives and Non-Military Objectives in General and Particularly the Problems Associated with Weapons of Mass Destruction". En The Laws of Armed Conflicts, 351–52. Brill | Nijhoff, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047405238_038.

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Davis, David Brion. "Antislavery and the Conflict of Laws". En The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution 1770-1823, 469–522. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126716.003.0011.

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Abstract The antislavery movement reflected and contributed to a major passage in intellectual history only indirectly related to the political and economic controversies of the Age of Revolution. Disputes over sanction gravitated inevitably toward fundamental principles, as exemplified in Granville Sharp’s attempt to prove by the early 1770s that any claim to private property “in the persons of men” violated both divine and human law. Presumably, the following century vindicated Sharp’s contention, though not without accompanying transformations in the prevailing views of divine and human law-transformations which Sharp could neither have foreseen nor approved. By appealing to abstract systems of law, precedent, and principle, the critics of slavery offered a covert challenge to some of the more enduring structures of Western culture. In Chapters Ten and Eleven I turn to two testing points of tradition: the conflict of human laws and the changing interpretations of the Word of God.

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"Territory and Conflicts: Is International Law the Problem?" En Law, Territory and Conflict Resolution, 1–15. Brill | Nijhoff, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004311299_002.

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Mann, F. A. "Legitimacy and the Conflict of Laws". En Notes and Comments on Cases in International Law, Commercial Law, and Arbitration, 121–24. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198257981.003.0038.

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Abstract IN January 1947 the problem of legitimacy in the conflict of laws was discussed with great learning and acumen by Mr Welsh: (1947) 63 LOR He succeeded in inducing Professor Cheshire to some extent to change his views on this difficult subject in the third edition of his Private International Law, which appeared in the summer of 1947 (pp. 497--513). There will be some who will regret that Mr Welsh failed to exercise similar influence upon the mind of Romer J, who, in November 1947, had to decide the case of Re Bischoffsheim [1948] Ch. 79.

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Soni, Neil, Andrew Lawson y Carl Waldmann. "Conflicts of Interest". En Law and ethics in intensive care, editado por Christopher Danbury, Christopher Newdick, Alex Ruck Keene y Carl Waldmann, 185–200. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198817161.003.0009.

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Definition of conflict of interest: ‘When an individual, a group of individuals or an organization has competing interests or loyalties.’ This simple definition has applications in most aspects of daily living, so it is unremarkable that in almost every aspect of the administration of healthcare it becomes a significant consideration. Identification or recognition of where a conflict of interest exists is not always easy. Once identified, in many if not most circumstances it necessitates compromise. In all cases the overall intention should not be subsumed by the interest of the individual or the organization. The two outstanding areas usually highlighted in medicine are those of nepotism in the job market and the interactions between medicine and industry. The former is allegedly of only historic interest due to rigorous, almost draconian, selection procedures. The latter has recently become both a recognized problem and the bête noire of the profession.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Problem of conflicts of laws"

Шарифзянова, Кадрия Шяукатовна. "ON THE NEED TO CREATE SCHOOL MEDIATION (RECONCILIATION) SERVICES FOR THE PREVENTION OF CONFLICTS AMONG ADOLESCENTS". En Проблемы управления качеством образования: сборник избранных статей Международной научно-методической конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Июль 2020). Crossref, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/ko186.2020.46.73.003.

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В данной статье анализируется проблема возникновения и урегулирования конфликтов среди несовершеннолетних, в том числе и детей находящихся в конфликте с законом. Описано создание школьных служб медиации (примирения), которая ориентирована на конструктивное разрешение конфликтной ситуации. This article analyzes the problem of the emergence and settlement of conflicts among minors, including children in conflict with the law. The creation of school mediation (reconciliation) services is described, which is focused on constructive resolution of a conflict situation.

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Jarjis Khalaf Saleh, Firas y Saja Omar Al Amr. "Conflict of Legislative and Judicial Jurisdiction in Electronic Contract Disputes - A Comparative Study". En II. Alanya International Congress of Social Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/alanyacongress2-10.

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Contracts and deals are concluded through the Internet using computers, laptops, or any other electronic device. These contracts have been increasing day after day, and have been able to overcome the barriers of space and time by reaching most global markets in moments without moving across borders, but rather through websites. And browse through it. The electronic contract is a contract that knows no borders, which poses difficulties regarding determining the moment of its conclusion and the place of its holding, especially in the event of a difference in the nationality of the contracting parties. This led to a problem regarding determining the law applicable to these contracts, which are characterized by privacy because they are concluded via the Internet and the virtual contract council. Also, the connection between the conflict of laws and the conflict of jurisdiction has led to problems in determining the court competent to hear disputes related to these contracts, as these two issues are related to the electronic contract tainted by a foreign element.

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Relli Ugartamendía, Mariana. "Política de regularización del hábitat popular urbano en la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1983-2007". En Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6159.

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En la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, se han gestado y desarrollado diferentes iniciativas gubernamentales para atender la irregularidad del hábitat popular urbano, problema que comenzó a incluirse en la agenda pública hacia fines de la década del 80 con la recomposición democrática posterior a la dictadura militar. El conjunto de medidas de regularización que se han encarado desde diferentes organismos muestran perfiles distintos vinculados a los tipos de irregularidad que intentan corregir y a las particularidades de las situaciones conflictivas que han enfrentado, creando un abanico de medidas con mayor o menor impacto en el corto o mediano plazo. Aquí presentamos: a) las formas de irregularidad y la batería de medidas de regularización creadas en la provincia entre 1983 y 2007, observando diferencias dentro del período; b) el análisis de los argumentos expresados en el discurso de los actores políticos, tanto en entrevistas como en los fundamentos de leyes ad hoc. From the early '90s, various government initiatives have been gestated and developed in the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, to address the irregularity of the popular urban habitat. This problem started to be included in the public agenda around the late '80s with the subsequent democratic restructuring of the military dictatorship underway. The set of regularization measures which have been approached from different organizations shows different profiles. They are linked to the classes of irregularities that attempts to correct and to the particular conflict situations that they have faced, creating a range of measures with variable impact in the short or medium term. In this paper we propose to show: a) forms of irregularity and the regularization created in the province between 1983 and 2007 , noting differences within the period; b) the analysis of the arguments expressed in the discourse of political actors , both in interviews and in the basics of ad hoc laws.

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Herrreras Maldonado, Enrique. "LA SABIDURÍA TRÁGICA Y LA FRAGILIDAD DE LA DEMOCRACIA". En IV Congreso Internacional Estética y Política: Poéticas del desacuerdo para una democracia plural. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cep4.2019.10318.

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Un desasosiego remueve la filosofía política en los últimos años. Ha aumentado la preocupación por la democracia, ya que son cada vez más las voces que señalan una crisis de este modelo político tanto en el ámbito teórico, como el práctico, como es el hecho de la propensión cada vez mayor de una polarización del jugo político, aparte de la aparición de propuestas políticas racistas y excluyentes que tienen una resonancia cada vez mayor en los votantes, algo impensable hace unos años. Son muchos los motivos para haber llegado a esta situación, como las desigualdades que se han multiplicado después de la crisis del 2008, así como la percepción de las malas prácticas de las élites políticas y económicas, y de la incapacidad de suministrar políticas acertadas. También ha habido una decepción de la democracia al descubrir su vulnerabilidad. Pero uno de los problemas es que nos olvidamos que cuando hablamos de democracia lo hacemos de dos significados a la vez: la democracia real y la democracia ideal, la que queremos aspirar. Porque lo peor que le puede ocurrir a la democracia es que pensemos que ya la hemos conquistado. La democracia no es érgon, un producto acabado, sino que es constitutivamente enérgeia, la permanente acción de producirla…” Es sintomático que en el mundo moderno la tragedia pugne a abrirse camino. Por ello, parece pertinente reinterpretar los mitos trágicos que provienen de la Grecia antigua, así como las de autores como Shakespeare, y cuyo eje es el conflicto. Martha Nussbaum nos exhorta a reflexionar sobre los “conflictos morales” que propone la tragedia. Unos conflictos que, desde una perspectiva racional, como la de Sócrates, se solucionarían descubriendo cuál es la opción correcta. Pero la tragedia se mantiene en la complejidad de las “apariencias”, de la elección práctica vivida, o, en una pluralidad de valores y la posibilidad de que surjan conflictos ente ellos. La tragedia no solo pregunta, sino que hace de la falta de respuestas la razón fundamental de su existencia. Preguntas no solo sociales o políticas, sino, sin fractura alguna, preguntas inscritas en la existencia individual. El conflicto entre las razones personales y las razones políticas se producen en un mismo plano. He ahí la sabiduría trágica ante la fragilidad de la democracia.

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Xiaofan, Lai, Lu Xiaolong y Xie Jiaqian. "The exam timetable problem with examination conflicts". En EBIMCS 2023: 2023 6th International Conference on E-Business, Information Management and Computer Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3644479.3644500.

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Polischuk, Sergey. "The phenomenon of private military companies in the system of international humanitarian law". En Development of legal systems of Russia and foreign countries : problems of theory and practice. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02110-1-137-141.

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The article examines the place of private military and security companies involved in armed conflicts from the point of view of international humanitarian law and formulates proposals for determining their status.

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Martinez Biot, Barbara. "Prácticas artísticas colaborativas en la ciudad de Valencia". En III Congreso Internacional de Investigación en Artes Visuales :: ANIAV 2017 :: GLOCAL. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav.2017.5847.

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El contexto socio-político de la ciudad de Valencia durante las últimas décadas ha propiciado una serie de reivindicaciones en torno a la problemática del territorio, el urbanismo, los problemas vecinales, y otras temáticas como la gestión cultural y otros conflictos en relación a grupos minoritarios enlazados mediante su oposición a un gobierno concreto. Desde 1995 hemos asistido al florecimiento de una serie de plataformas reivindicativas, en su mayoría denominadas “Salvem” las cuales podemos decir han utilizado el arte como forma de visibilización mediática. Estas prácticas artísticas activistas y colaborativas tienen su raíz en una serie de prácticas artísticas y modos de hacer que se dieron a conocer en la década de los sesenta en Estados Unidos pero que en la ciudad de Valencia podemos decir que vieron la luz algunas de estas prácticas en la década de los ochenta. Tanto artistas como otro tipo de profesionales han asimilado que el arte, dentro y fuera de la calle, y dentro y fuera de las instituciones tradicionales, puede ser una arma de visibilización mediática, de protesta lúdica, de relación y resurgimiento de determinados contextos en conflicto. Esta desidencia artística se ha manifestado de muchas maneras desde 1995, por ejemplo “Salvem El Cabanyal” no podría entenderse sin las manifestaciones artísticas de “Cabanyal Portes Obertes” o “Cabanyal Archivo Vivo”. Por otro lado, complementándolo tal vez, se han dado toda una serie de exposiciones, publicaciones, acciones colectivas e individuales las cuales, desde las instituciones académicas la Facultad de Bellas Artes de Valencia han venido a dinamizar y explorar nuevas formas de continuar la relación arte y vida como un instrumento de expresión colectiva o al servicio de un grupo en conflicto con el poder político. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ANIAV.2017.5847

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Đorđević, Slavko. "INDIVIDUALNA KOMUNIKACIJA I AUTOMATIZOVANO PREGOVARANjE KOD ELEKTRONSKIH UGOVORA". En XVII majsko savetovanje. Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Kragujvcu, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/uvp21.099dj.

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Тhis paper analyses the conflict-of-law regime for agency, where the main attention is given to the problem of determining applicable law for existence, extent and effects of agent’s authority (including effects of excess of authority and acting without authority), since Serbian Private International Law Act (SPILA) does not contain the special conflict-of-law rules for these issues. Having this in mind, the analysis is focused on whether the mentioned issues concerning agent’s authority should be governed by the law applicable to the internal relationship between principal and agent or by the law applicable to the contract between principal and third party, or it is necessary to create the new conflict-of-law rules for these issues in accordance with Art. 2 of SPILA that regulates filling the legal gaps. After providing the arguments against first two solutions, the author explains how to create the new conflict-of-law rules for existence, extent and effects of agent’s authority (including effects of excess of authority and acting without authority) in accordance with Art. 2 of SPILA.

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Belonozhko, A. A. "MODERN PROBLEMS OF COMPLIANCE WITH NORMS INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW DURING THE ARMED CONFLICTS". En Правовая система России: история, современность, тенденции развития. Благовещенск: Амурский государственный университет, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/9785934934065_6.

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Алеева, Светлана Сергеевна. "PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF TESTAMENTARY DISPOSITION". En Тенденции развития современной науки в свете исследований молодых ученых: сборник избранных статей Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Сентябрь 2022). Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/0930.2022.52.27.001.

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При изучении правового института завещательных распоряжений очевидно, что из-за недостаточности нормативно-правового регулирования специальных завещательных распоряжений в наследственном праве России, на практике зачастую возникают судебные споры и сложности в реализации прав лиц, которые по этому завещательному распоряжению приобретают права. Представляется необходимой мерой доработка правовой базы, в том числе установление чётких границ между различными видами завещательных распоряжений, совершенствование законодательства, устранение коллизий и пробелов в данной отрасли права и внесение новых норм. When studying the legal institute of testamentary dispositions, it is obvious that due to the insufficiency of regulatory regulation of special testamentary dispositions in the inheritance law of Russia, in practice, litigation and difficulties often arise in the exercise of the rights of persons who acquire rights under this testamentary disposition. It seems to be a necessary measure to finalize the legal framework, including the establishment of clear boundaries between different types of testamentary dispositions, improving legislation, eliminating conflicts and gaps in this branch of law and introducing new norms.

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Informes sobre el tema "Problem of conflicts of laws"

Lewis, Dustin, Gabriella Blum y Naz Modirzadeh. Indefinite War: Unsettled International Law on the End of Armed Conflict. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, febrero de 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/yrjv6070.

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Can we say, definitively, when an armed conflict no longer exists under international law? The short, unsatisfying answer is sometimes: it is clear when some conflicts terminate as a matter of international law, but a decisive determination eludes many others. The lack of fully-settled guidance often matters significantly. That is because international law tolerates, for the most part, far less violent harm, devastation, and suppression in situations other than armed conflicts. Thus, certain measures governed by the laws and customs of war—including killing and capturing the enemy, destroying and seizing enemy property, and occupying foreign territory, all on a possibly large scale—would usually constitute grave violations of peacetime law. This Legal Briefing details the legal considerations and analyzes the implications of that lack of settled guidance. It delves into the myriad (and often-inconsistent) provisions in treaty law, customary law, and relevant jurisprudence that purport to govern the end of war. Alongside the doctrinal analysis, this Briefing considers the changing concept of war and of what constitutes its end; evaluates diverse interests at stake in the continuation or close of conflict; and contextualizes the essentially political work of those who design the law. In all, this Legal Briefing reveals that international law, as it now stands, provides insufficient guidance to precisely discern the end of many armed conflicts as a factual matter (when has the war ended?), as a normative matter (when should the war end?), and as a legal matter (when does the international-legal framework of armed conflict cease to apply in relation to the war?). The current plurality of legal concepts of armed conflict, the sparsity of IHL provisions that instruct the end of application, and the inconsistency among such provisions thwart uniform regulation and frustrate the formulation of a comprehensive notion of when wars can, should, and do end. Fleshing out the criteria for the end of war is a considerable challenge. Clearly, many of the problems identified in this Briefing are first and foremost strategic and political. Yet, as part of a broader effort to strengthen international law’s claim to guide behavior in relation to war and protect affected populations, international lawyers must address the current confusion and inconsistencies that so often surround the end of armed conflict.

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Broadberry, Stephen, Nicholas Crafts, Leigh Gardner, Rocco Macchiavello, Anandi Mani y Christopher Woodruff. Unlocking Development: A CAGE Policy Report. Editado por Mark Harrison. The Social Market Foundation, noviembre de 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-904899-98-3.

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The world’s poor are ‘trapped’ in poverty. How can we unlock development so that poor countries can sustain economic growth over long periods of time? Our report considers this problem on three levels, the national economy, the private sector, and citizenship. At the core of each chapter is new research by CAGE members and associates. Chapter 1 addresses the factors underlying sustainable growth of the national economy. Chapter 2 looks for the sources of business capacity and sustainable growth of the private sector. Chapter 3 links citizenship to economic development, showing how political voice can enable women to participate more freely in society and the economy. In all three chapters we show how economic development relies on the rule of law, including a framework of laws and their enforcement that is applied to all and accessible by all. We show how, without such a framework, the sustainable growth of national economies and their businesses is threatened when laws fail to resolve conflicts. This failure is often accompanied by corruption or violence. So, we discuss what can be done to promote the rule of law; to make economic growth more stable and sustainable; to enhance the capacity of business organisations that are most likely to attract, grow and create jobs; and to enable women to play a full part in economic development as citizens, providers, and entrepreneurs. Foreword by Frances Cairncross; Introduced by Nicholas Crafts.

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Washbum, Brian E. Hawks and Owls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, diciembre de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7208741.ws.

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Hawks and owls can negatively impact a variety of human interests, including important natural resources, livestock and game bird production, human health and safety, and companion animals. Conflicts between raptors and people generally are localized and often site-specific. However, the economic and social impacts to the individuals involved can be severe. Despite the problems they may cause, hawks and owls provide important benefits and environmental services. Raptors are popular with birdwatchers and much of the general public. They also hunt and kill large numbers of rodents, reducing crop damage and other problems. Hawks and owls are classified into four main groups, namely accipiters, buteos, falcons, and owls. All hawks and owls in the United States are federally pro-tected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 USC, 703−711). Hawks and owls typically are protected under state wildlife laws or local ordinances, as well. These laws strictly prohibit the capture, killing, or possession of hawks or owls (or their parts) without a special permit (e.g., Feder-al Depredation Permit), issued by the USFWS. State-issued wildlife damage or depredation permits also may be required.

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Kotlikoff, Laurence, Torsten Persson y Lars E. O. Svensson. Laws as Assets: A Possible Solution to the Time Consistency Problem. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, noviembre de 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w2068.

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Kelly, Luke. Humanitarian Considerations in Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR). Institute of Development Studies, julio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.106.

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This rapid literature review finds that disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) raises a number of humanitarian considerations, centred on the treatment of participants and the unintended consequences of the programmes. In particular, DDR undertaken during conflicts is linked to several protection risks and is difficult to implement in a neutral, equitable and humanitarian manner. By humanitarian concerns, this report means: • Some of the functions undertaken in DDR, • Humanitarian risks to individuals in DDR programmes, • Indirect risks of conflict arising from DDR programmes; DDR is a broad and multi-faceted process involving security, humanitarian and development aspects and actors, with wide-ranging impacts. Humanitarian actors do not undertake DDR, but they may support some DDR processes, and maybe affected by DDR or its effects. According to UN guidance and the academic literature, successful DDR will consider socio-economic conditions in the community, as well as for the ex-combatants. It should be attuned to the range of needs of participants and should abide by relevant international law. The political dynamics of a conflict or post-conflict situation shape the success of DDR. It was first used in post-conflict situations, but the increasing use of DDR in ongoing conflicts creates new difficulties. The failure or partial implementation creates many humanitarian problems. This may arise from a lack of resources; competing authorities (and particularly the co-option of DDR for war aims); ongoing conflict and instability; mistakes in implementation; and socio-economic conditions unconducive to successful reintegration. Unsuccessful DDR may see partially demobilised actors remain dangerous, or may fuel new grievances around the perceived unfairness of granting support to former combatants. There is a large body of evidence on the successes and failures of DDR programmes, how they vary over time and across contexts, and guidance on how to implement DDR. Relatively little refers explicitly to humanitarian concerns, but many of the issues covered can be characterised as humanitarian. DDR has been employed in many situations since the 1980s, meaning that it is not possible to comprehensively survey the guidance or case study evidence. Instead, this review focuses on the main areas where DDR can be said to raise humanitarian concerns, with a particular focus on the problems raised by DDR in ongoing conflicts.

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Burniske, Jessica, Dustin Lewis y Naz Modirzadeh. Suppressing Foreign Terrorist Fighters and Supporting Principled Humanitarian Action: A Provisional Framework for Analyzing State Practice. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, octubre de 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/nrmd2833.

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In 2014, reports suggested that a surge of foreign jihadists were participating in armed conflicts in Syria, Iraq, and elsewhere. The United Nations Security Council responded by imposing in Resolution 2178 (2014) an array of obligations on member states to counter the threat posed by “foreign terrorist fighters” (FTFs). In the intervening year, those states have taken a range of actions — though at various speeds and with varying levels of commitment — to implement the FTF obligations imposed by the Council. Meanwhile, many states continue to fund and otherwise throw their support behind life-saving humanitarian relief for civilians in armed conflicts around the world — including conflicts involving terrorists. Yet, in recent years, members of the humanitarian community have been increasingly aware of the real, perceived, and potential impacts of counterterrorism laws on humanitarian action. Part of their interest stems from the fact that certain counterterrorism laws may, intentionally or unintentionally, adversely affect principled humanitarian action, especially in regions where terrorist groups control territory (and thus access to civilians, too). The effects of these laws may be widespread — ranging from heightened due diligence requirements on humanitarian organizations to restrictions on travel, from greater government scrutiny of national and regional staff of humanitarian organizations to decreased access to financial services and funding. Against that backdrop, this briefing report has two aims: first, to provide a primer on the most salient issues at the intersection of counterterrorism measures and humanitarian aid and assistance, with a focus on the ascendant FTF framing. And second, to put forward, for critical feedback and assessment, a provisional methodology for evaluating the following question: is it feasible to subject two key contemporary wartime concerns — the fight against FTFs and supporting humanitarian aid and assistance for civilians in terrorist-controlled territories — to meaningful empirical analysis?

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Овчаров, Артем Валерьевич. Криминологические аспекты современных расовых конфликтов в США. DOI CODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/2074-1944-2021-0367.

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The article is devoted to the criminological aspect of the problem of racial conflicts in the United States of America. The author examines the concept of racial conflict and characterizes the causes of these conflicts. The article provides a brief criminological description of crime motivated by racial, national or religious hatred and enmity and analyzes the statistical data of both racial crime in the United States and crimes committed by representatives of different races

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Seamans, Thomas y Allen Gosser. Bird dispersal techniques. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, agosto de 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7207730.ws.

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Conflicts between humans and birds likely have existed since agricultural practices began. Paintings from ancient Greek, Egyptian, and Roman civilizations depict birds attacking crops. In Great Britain, recording of efforts at reducing bird damage began in the 1400s, with books on bird control written in the 1600s. Even so, the problem persists. Avian damage to crops remains an issue today, but we also are concerned with damage to homes, businesses, and aircraft, and the possibility of disease transmission from birds to humans or livestock. Bird dispersal techniques are a vital part of safely and efficiently reducing bird conflicts with humans. The bird must perceive a technique as a threat if it is to be effective. No single technique can solve all bird conflicts, but an integrated use of multiple techniques, each enhancing the other, generally provides relief.

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Herrero, Álvaro y Keith Henderson. El costo de la resolución de conflictos en la pequeña empresa: El caso de Perú. Inter-American Development Bank, junio de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010331.

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Este estudio tiene como principal objetivo analizar el impacto de la ineficiencia judicial sobre la pequeña empresa en Perú. Se funda sobre la hipótesis de que los problemas crónicos de los sistemas de justicia de la región tienen consecuencias negativas para el desarrollo de las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas. El análisis se concentra, en primer lugar, en la forma en que las pymes se relacionan con el sistema de justicia. En segundo lugar, indaga acerca de las decisiones tomadas por los pequeños empresarios a fin de mitigar los efectos del mal desempeño de los tribunales. Por último, identifica las diversas maneras en que la ineficiencia judicial se traslada al sector productivo y se intenta cuantificar su impacto económico.

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Starkov, Dmitriy. Theory and Algorithm for solving inventive tasks and their modern interpretation in the local innovation process of forming a smart home infrastructure on the scale of a start-up company. Intellectual Archive, enero de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2627.

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The theory of inventive problem solving and the Algorithm of inventive problem solving are the most important complex analytical professional engineering tools for the development of projects of any degree of complexity in the innovation process. For the successful and effective use of these tools, it is necessary, in addition to comprehensive and in-depth engineering knowledge and skills, to have skills and positive experience in the creative adaptation of the laws and postulates of theory and algorithm in the real innovation process

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