Tesis sobre el tema "Prix de la publicité"
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Loco, Jasé François. "Publicité et information sur les prix en officine". Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P175.
Texto completoParakhoniak, Anastasiia. "Essays on economics of information : search, networks and price discrimination". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10031/document.
Texto completoThis thesis consists of three independent chapters addressing different questions of information economics. The first chapter studies optimal strategies of firms which are present in both offline and online markets. We study optimal pricing strategies of retailers in presence of showrooming and their decisions on distribution channels. Showrooming is a situation where consumers try products at brick-and-mortar stores before purchasing them online at a lower price. One way to prevent showrooming is to use a price matching policy, whereby price is the same in both the physical store and the online channel. We show that for small search costs, a price matching policy is indeed optimal. However for higher search costs price matching is suboptimal, and online and offline purchases coexist with showrooming. A firm which faces online competition from a foreign multichannel retailer has an incentive to geo-block, i.e. refuse to serve foreign customers, even though it leads to a decrease in potential demand. Geo-blocking relaxes online competition and leads to higher prices both online and in brick-and-mortar stores. A legal price parity requirement helps to eliminate incentives to geo-block and thus restores online competition. The second chapter analyzes information diffusion process in communication networks where social interactions are costly. We provide a dynamic model with strategic agents who decide how much effort to put into the propagation of information about a product in each period. We show that the equilibrium level of the individual communication effort is convex in the proportion of informed agents, and lower than the socially optimal level due to the substantial free-riding effect. We show that for sufficiently high recommendation cost it is socially optimal that symmetric agents exert the same communication effort while for low recommendation cost this is not true. In the context of our model we analyze the advertising strategy of the firm launching a new product with positive network externalities for consumers. The analysis shows that the outcome of advertisement is decreasing fast with the proportion of informed consumers due to the free-riding effect. Thus, optimally the firm has to adjust and reduce the level of advertising in each period. The third chapter is a co-authored paper with Maarten Janssen and Alexei Parakhonyak. In this paper we propose a new equilibrium concept of Non-reservation price equilibria (Non-RPE). Reservation price equilibria (RPE) do not accurately assess market power in consumer search markets. In most search markets, consumers do not know important elements of the environment in which they search (such as, for example, firms’ cost). We argue that when consumers learn when searching, RPE suffer from theoretical issues, such as non-existence and critical dependence on specific out-of-equilibrium beliefs. We characterize equilibria where consumers rationally choose search strategies that are not characterized by a reservation price. Non-RPE always exist and do not depend on specific out-of-equilibrium beliefs. Non-RPE have active consumer search and are consistent with recent empirical findings
Souza, Alessandro Souza de. "Como rugem os leões na publicidade digital ?: os padrões encontrados nos Grand Prix da categoria Cyber Lions do Festival Mundial de Criatividade de Cannes entre 2009 e 2014". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/118519.
Texto completoThe present thesis sought to identify patterns in digital pieces that were considered to be relevant to the publicity system. In a conceptual scope, the study re-problematized the terms publicity, advertising and marketing in contemporary times so to recommend jurisdictions to their usages within the web environment. Regarding methodology, a set of procedures were developed to address these pieces based on the following criteria: repository, relevance, accessibility and continuity. The universe of sample construction was composed by seven advertising awards that were distinct in their geography (region, country and world), focus (hybrid and online) and career cycle (professionals and students). By observing these events, the Cannes Lion International Festival of Creativity was indicated as the case study. The twelve pieces awarded as Grand Prix in the Cyber Lions category between 2009 and 2014 were analyzed and five patterns emerged: large advertisers, use of videos, possibility for audience participation, editorial repercussions, and storytelling/narratives.
Rajoub, Iyad. "La vente d'immeuble : des aspects comparatifs en droit français et certains droits des pays arabes". Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100138.
Texto completoReal Estate registration and price are the object of our comparative study on real propetty sale in French, Lebanese and Syrian laves. In French lave, real estate registration does not affect property transfer by consent, whereas it does in Lebanese and Syrian laves where it plays a constitutive rote on rights. This difference in choice of a facultative or temporary registration is applicable to unilateral purchase and sale agreements or preference pacts. However the authenticity in the laves subject of our study, which guarantees the security of real estate transfers, is a common element. As for the price of real estate sale, its determination as well as payment guarantees are crucial. Determination exists in ail French, Lebanese and Syrian laves. Yet, the only difference is relative to the validity of sales with no fixed price, acceptable in Syrian lave. Payment guarantees are of two types. Certain guarantees offered by the seller and executed at the moment of seized real estate forced sale. This certainty is lacking nowadays given collective procedures altering the hypothecary guarantee. Thus, resorting to a new guarantee ensured by the reservation of title prevails. Such a practice cannot develop in Lebanese and Syrian laves given the cule of the constitutive effect of property which negatively affects real estate transfer. The second type covers guarantees to be created for the buyer of a mortgaged real estate. A pledge clause in French lave or a temporary registration in Lebanese and Syrian laves, can constitute a payment guarantee
Revoy, Pascal. "Prix relatifs et prix absolus". Dijon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994DIJOE013.
Texto completoSince 1870, the neoclassical school rules the field of economics. It since prevails today under the name of general equilibrium theory. It is a theory of relative prices in that it assumes that exchange takes place between distinct goods, being based on the Debreu axiom which stales that goods come into existence in the set of real numbers. There is a fundamental logical flaw in this theory. Associating goods with numbers leads to the indeterminaty of relative prices. Owing to its internal inconstancy this theory ougth to be discarded and a new paradigm must be proposed. It can be shown that in actual fact each transactor exchanges with himself. This is the basic of the paradigm of the "monetary theory of production" or "theory of absolute prices". In this paradigm, since each good is changed into himself through production, there is nothing but absolute exchange. The money price of any produced good is always determined
Hai, Xiaodong. "Marché et tarification des plateformes de vente d'applications mobiles comme marchés bifaces : analyse comparée France-Chine". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0001/document.
Texto completoMobile app is becoming an important mobile internet access channel. Three groups of end users affiliated with two Two-sided platforms in the mobile app market have attracted considerable attention. App store platform (App-store) is an app distribution platform connected with developers and users. App ad platform (Ad-store) supplies advertising services for advertisers through developers’ apps. Developers, users and advertisers are end users. Mobile app market is a complicated two-sided market. There are widespread and interactive network externalities. The study focuses on the pricing strategies for the app store platform. App-store shares paid app sales and in-app purchase revenues with developers. Ad-store shares in-app advertising revenues with developers. The App-store platform implements asymmetric pricing to developer side and user side. Developer side is the subsidy side as well as the revenue side for App-store platform. Mobile device purchasing cost constitutes a particular App-store platform pricing determinant. Membership fees are negligible in the mobile app market. Usage fee is workable. It is a duopoly in the mobile app market. Apple and Google are the two giants with distinct business models. Both Apple’s mobile device sales model and Google’s in-app advertising model are extremely successful. App-store, Ad-store and mobile devices are the three key profit makers in this market. Vertical integration inside this ecosystem will generate considerable revenues. Chinese users have higher price elasticity of demand and they are particularly sensitive to the app prices when compared with the French
López, Dawn Ricardo José. "Modélisation stochastique et analyse des données pour la diffusion d'information dans les plateformes sociales en ligne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS036.pdf.
Texto completoInfluencer marketing has become a thriving industry with a global market value expected to reach 15 billion dollars by 2022. The advertising problem that such agencies face is the following: given a monetary budget find a set of appropriate influencers that can create and publish posts of various types (e.g. text, image, video) for the promotion of a target product. The campaign's objective is to maximize across one or multiple online social platforms some impact metric of interest, e.g. number of impressions, sales (ROI), or audience reach. In this thesis, we create original continuous formulations of the budgeted influence marketing problem by two frameworks, a static and a dynamic one, based on the advertiser's knowledge of the impact metric, and the nature of the advertiser's decisions over a time horizon. The static model is formulated as a convex program, and we further propose an efficient iterative algorithm based on the Frank-Wolfe method, that converges to the global optimum and has low computational complexity. We also suggest a simpler near-optimal rule of thumb, which can perform well in many practical scenarios. Due to the nature of the dynamic model we cannot solve any more a Network Utility Maximisation problem since that the ROI is unknown, possibly noisy, continuous and costly to evaluate for the advertiser. This approach involves exploration and so, we seek to ensure that there is no destructive exploration, and that each sequential decision by the advertiser improves the outcome of the ROI over time. In this approach, we propose a new algorithm and a new implementation, based on the Bayesian optimization framework to solve our budgeted influence marketing problem under sequential advertiser's decisions over a time horizon. Besides, we propose an empirical observation to avoid the curse of dimensionality. We test our static model, algorithm and the heuristic against several alternatives from the optimization literature as well as standard seed selection methods and validate the superior performance of Frank-Wolfe in execution time and memory, as well as its capability to scale well for problems with very large number (millions) of social users. Finally, we evaluate our dynamic model on a real Twitter data trace and we conclude the feasibility of our model and empirical support of our formulated observation
Pénasse, Julien. "Prix des actifs et actifs sans prix". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CERG0715/document.
Texto completoThe doctoral thesis studies several aspects of asset returns dynamics. The first three chapters focus on returns in the fine art market. The first chapter provides evidence for the existence of a slow-moving fad component in art prices that induces short-term return predictability. The article has been published in Economics Letters (Volume 122, Issue 3, pp. 432-434), and was written together with Christophe Spaenjers and Luc Renneboog. Chapter 2 investigates how fast is information incorporated into aggregate art prices. Chapter 3 studies price-volume dynamics in the art market and documents evidence of bubble patterns in prices and is written with Luc Renneboog. Chapter 4 proposes a Bayesian estimation procedure that makes efficient use of cross-sectional information, and revisits the return predictability literature
Kasic, Ivan. "La publicité politique". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32021.
Texto completoThe influence of actuestising over palige, whick shall be the subject of the first part of this studies must he analysed in the light of the definition, historical development of political advertising. The impact of political advertising upon democfaty shall be studied through as analysis of propaganda during and outside electoral periode in a second part
Chanssaud, Pascale. "La publicité comparative". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10027.
Texto completoHai, Xiaodong. "Marché et tarification des plateformes de vente d'applications mobiles comme marchés bifaces : analyse comparée France-Chine". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENST0001.
Texto completoMobile app is becoming an important mobile internet access channel. Three groups of end users affiliated with two Two-sided platforms in the mobile app market have attracted considerable attention. App store platform (App-store) is an app distribution platform connected with developers and users. App ad platform (Ad-store) supplies advertising services for advertisers through developers’ apps. Developers, users and advertisers are end users. Mobile app market is a complicated two-sided market. There are widespread and interactive network externalities. The study focuses on the pricing strategies for the app store platform. App-store shares paid app sales and in-app purchase revenues with developers. Ad-store shares in-app advertising revenues with developers. The App-store platform implements asymmetric pricing to developer side and user side. Developer side is the subsidy side as well as the revenue side for App-store platform. Mobile device purchasing cost constitutes a particular App-store platform pricing determinant. Membership fees are negligible in the mobile app market. Usage fee is workable. It is a duopoly in the mobile app market. Apple and Google are the two giants with distinct business models. Both Apple’s mobile device sales model and Google’s in-app advertising model are extremely successful. App-store, Ad-store and mobile devices are the three key profit makers in this market. Vertical integration inside this ecosystem will generate considerable revenues. Chinese users have higher price elasticity of demand and they are particularly sensitive to the app prices when compared with the French
Gustave, Maryse. "La publicité en Indonésie". Paris, INALCO, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INAL0017.
Texto completoIn Indonesia, far from being a form of mass communication as in western countries, advertising appears as selective. The target of advertisers is recruited among the urban privileged classes who enjoy the benefits of both education and money and represent less than ten per cent of the population. The unprivileged, who live essentially in rural areas and do not go beyond primary education, have a limited access to the media since the largest part of the advertising expenditure is devoted to the press. A detailed analysis of the advertisements of a whole year of "Tempo" information magazine has shown that in ads Indonesian culture is stifled by western culture. Both in the verbal message (headline, body copy and slogan) and the visual message(denotation and connotation in the advertising image) we notice that the arguments are in no way different from western advertising archetypes. Indonesian advertising does not present any real innovation and appears deprived from cultural traits. The internationalization of advertising prejudices local cultures by the standardization of western patterns
Gire-Houlonne, Daniel. "Ethique et publicité médicale". Montpellier 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON11242.
Texto completoMolas, Jean-Jacques. "Les prix prédateurs". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100075.
Texto completoEven thought pricing is an essentiel element of the competition game, it can prevent, in certain circumtances, the maintenance or the developpement of competition and non profitable pricing known as predatory pricing is a perfect example of it. In the United states, the 1911 Standard OÙ case lead to a predatory pricing case law theory based upon a growing dedicated economic analysis. In Europe, the 1991 Akzo case gave the CJCE the opportunity to transpose one of the farmer american conception based on a cost test in the assumption of a dominante position abuse. France is also directly concerned since the mid 90's concrete cases. And France conitnues to feed it's case law as well as its legal framework in order to prevent any kind of predatory pricing wether it is predatory pricing of dominance, predatory pricing of collusion, abusively law prices, unfair predatory pricing or anormaly low offers of the Public Market Code's
Gai, Lian Xiang. "Publicité, culture, pratiques sociales : analyse comparative de la publicité en Chine et en France". Lyon 2, 2007. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2007/gai_lx.
Texto completoIn an era dominated by the visual, the power of the sign lies in its ability to create a representative world that in turn becomes itself a part of reality. This power continually puts us under the gaze of the other. It is due to the taking of the image - the reflection of reality - for reality itself. In advertising, culture plays an essential role. Providing it with a majority of its themes and establishing communicative norms, social models and standards of social practice, culture expresses the identity of the characters found in advertising. A better understanding of the different elements of culture expressed in the creation of advertising will provide us with tools of comprehension and action for both China and France. The purpose of this study is to aid the reader in considering and understanding the practice of the actors in the advertising industry, paying close attention to expression, information, representation, and argumentation. Our primary methodological tools within the framework of intercultural communication will be those of semiotics, information sciences, communication studies and the psychological approach about the desire. In the end, the twin demands of communication and social cohesion intertwine, expressing in unison movements that ally tradition and modernity and joins the long term and the short one of the communication
Boulif, Mohamed-Naji. "L'influence des prix des produits pétroliers sur les prix des pétroles bruts". Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020094.
Texto completoThe study of petroleum prices require a perfect knowledge of petroleum market and, especially, of refining chain. The development of refining structure was the consequence of the petroleum market transformation (increasing light-products demand). This was pushed us to look for a new interpretation of petroleum prices fluctuations. There is no one prices theory but several. To study the influence of downstream on upstream, our method of analysis proved that the crude prices were influenced, essentially, by the prices of three products : gasoil, fuel-oil and the regular gasoline. The yield of different refineries is not interesting in explaining the crude prices. The spotback price was widely significant, but at different degrees according to the selected refinery. The light crudes behaviour was almost identical on the six refining places. The nature of spot market forced the agent who take part to have spontaneous reaction in the intention of a quick adaptation within a fluctuacted market (maximum lag of two months)
LAMBEY, CHRISTINE. "Le comportement du consommateur face au prix : le concept du prix elargi". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CLF10200.
Texto completoThis thesis fits in with a research stream of which the objective is to explain the buyers' judgments of price. The synthesis of the pricing literature allows us to draw the contributions of previous works and to present the broadened notion of price. Two approaches of the widened price concept are considered: the monetary widened price and the perceived sacrifice. The first approach studies the price composition of a complex product according to consumers. The perceived price includes a set of monetary components, which are associated with the purchase of the product like transportation costs and installation charges. The second approach deals with the nonmonetary costs perceived at the time of the purchase such as time, psychological costs and perceived risk. In the second part, an empirical study in the automobile domain is analysed in order to verify the relevance of the broadened price. New car purchasers were initially contacted by telephone and then sent a questionnaire. Results have supported the hypothesis of the widened price. Most buyers perceive a widened monetary price, that is, they take into account several monetary components. Five types of buyers have been distinguished with regard to price perception. The study shows then that the perceived sacrifice is multidimensional. Moreover, consumers don't attach the same importance to the purchase costs. A typology of five groups has been identified and shows that purchase behaviors are different according to the perceived sacrifice. The interest for car manufacturers involves the communication of price and the elaboration of mix according to the perceived costs. In conclusion, the limits and the perspectives of this research are presented to better define this concept
Zaim, Ghannam Ouaffa. "La publicité média au Maroc". Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010042.
Texto completoThe Moroccan advertising sector presents some specificities : this work tries to draw main from them. An empirical study, based on pre-established questionnaires and semi-directed interviews allows us to grasp the wheels of advertising for each of the actors - advertising agencies, annoucers, media advertising activity. A searching enquiry of each protagonist and an elaborate analysis of the exercise of their duties, their problems, their relationships provides us with the elements to understand the facts and the reality and allows us to recommend some solutions in order to stop structural deficiencies. Mass-media has been examined from all of its sides using actual examples of moroccan advertising medi, case by case. Classical media namely, television, radio and press as well as posting have been surveyed so as to give an appreciation of management of advertising media in terms of allocation of investments, conception as well. In fact both are closely linked. The ambition of this field research is to present a synoptic vision of advertising through media in Morocco
Godener, Vincent. "L'efficacité du stress en publicité". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010001.
Texto completoConcerning with charities' communications, this research is designed to obtain a better understanding of the conditions of stress' arousal efficacy. If numbers of researches have dealt with the effects of emotional arousal in persuasion processes, negative emotions seem to be frequently ignored. Nevertheless, fear appeals are frequently used by advertisers, and particularly for generosity appeals. Most contemporary persuasion theories, fear appeals models, and helping motivations studies, distinguishing cognitive and affective routes, links between stress arousal's efficacy, involvement, and messages' goals are expected and tested on a large sample of donators. In order to improve charities' communications' efficiency, which strategic significance has, for the french third sector, been reinforced by the recent relative decline of generosity appeals' profitability, this study suggest that a differentiated approach of communications should be developed
Romedenne, Jean. "Nouvelles techniques iconiques et publicité". Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070027.
Texto completoNew iconic technics present techno-esthetic polymorphism, stylistic diversity; bulimic thematics, multi-functionality, and reveal new precision and interactivity
Deshors, Marie. "Publicité et droit des marques". Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU10018.
Texto completoBrands and advertising are two closely linked sets which are important tools for all companies in business and whose connections justify a detailed analysis. A trademark, which has its own value, is sometimes the main asset of a company. It is thus necessary to bring to it a special attention and it is especially thanks to advertising that the trademark will increase its value, its "brand equity". Indeed, advertising enables a brand to increase exposure and helps create a favorable image which then attracts consumers and enhances brand loyalty in order to make it a strong brand, a source of value for the company. Besides, although the advertising function of the brand has only recently been recognized by the law, it is proved that the brand itself fulfills advertising objectives as a instrument and influence of information, seduction and persuasion. Despite the appearance that this symbiosis is perfect, consideration must still be given about this being so because certain recent practices have shown themselves dangerous with regards to trademark law. It is in particular the case of paid referencing on the Internet and comparative advertising even though these practices would have been likely to turn out beneficial for brands if certain abuses, as well as the flexibility of interpretation of law texts by judges, had not had for consequence outrages to the exclusive right given to the holders of registered trademarks
Worapunyaanun, Somkiat. "La publicité foncière en Thaïlande". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR30008.
Texto completoThe system of land's private property has only been adopted in Thaïlande at the beginning of the 20th century. On the purpose of bringing land under the system, the technical method chosen is highly inspired by an australian model, Torrens system, which conveys principally to issuing of the certificate of title. The dealings with lanf under the system are made under control of the land administration, which is put in charge of serious verifications. The official must verify both formal and substantial validity of the dealings. However, the thai system keeps a certain autonomy regarding the australian model. Contrary to the system of act torrens, the thai law does not confer the indefeasible character to the certificate of title. Therefore, the fundamental rule which is known as the adage nemo plus juris (or nemo dat quod non habet), is principally respected. The difficulty of the matter increases because many of private lands have not been brought under the system, and that for these immobables, the courts have had to minimize the role of the tabular publicity. On the other hand, they have attached a particular importance to the possession, institution which allows a certain publicity in fact, for all interested persons
Gherbi, Akila. "Le prix du contrat". Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4036.
Texto completoFor the last few years the issue of price has induced a major case law debate in France. According to the doctrine setting the price is a requirement definitely inherent to the notion of contract itself, the latest remaining an act of forecasting between the contracting parties. Therefore when a set price is mentioned it means that this price must be numbered or at least set by the contract’s conclusion. Furthermore, the price has to be real and serious. The wrong is admitted only exceptionally by the Civil Code. If a purely voluntary approach of the contract is adopted, the essence of the contract is to set the obligations’ frames to which parties have to submit. Many authors qualify it as a compulsory frame for the individual forecasting : according to Mr. HAURIOU, the contract is « the most daring [undertaking] which could be conceived to establish human will upon facts, through integrating them in advance into a forecasting transaction. » The requirement to set the price comes from the contract’s social function that is man’s control on future. The compulsory force is necessary to the creditor’s trust and to the credit, as Mr. GOUNOT expressed in the following terms : « Never would a seller relinquish his thing, a loaner his money, an owner the use of his property or a person any services if the juridical phenomenon did not guarantee in return the receipt of the expected and promised equivalent. ”However this guarantee comes above all through a clear and acute definition of the essential terms of the contract. The setting of the price is then an inherent to the contract’s notion requirement: “if an act is drawn while an essential element does not exist, for example the thing, or is uncertain, for example the price, there is no definitive Contract, nor conditional Right but rather virtual Contract or before Contract or eventual Right. ” Does French Right order the price setting at the time of the contract’s formation? Except the Civil Code article 1591 related to the sale, very few texts explicitly enforce the existence of an agreement upon the price between both parties. In the conclusion of contracts for valuable conside price remains a crucial point upon which discrepancies between contracting parties often gather. Our reflection will first focus on sale considered as the contract’s archetype before widening to other contracts. The Civil Code article 1591 requires – under pain of the sale contract’s nullity - the price to be set and chosen by the parties. This doing it raises the price as an essential element of the contract. By setting, do we mean that the price must be put in figure since the consents exchange. Through a judgment from the 7th January 1925, the appeal Court has considered by an ever since famous expression that if the sales price must be set and chosen by the parties “it is not necessary for the amount to be set in principle in an absolute way. It is sufficient for the sales’ formation that the price could be set according to the clauses of the contract in a related way with elements which do not depend on neither party’s will. ” Thus parties must agree about the price or have determined by referring to criteria or future elements without the need of a further agreement between them to apply it, at the risk of nullifying the contract. The requirement of an agreement leads to punish sales in which a discussion about the price remains, therefore judges are lead to enquire whether parties determined a price or whether at the contrary they left it at the negotiations stage. The final court of appeal is extremely strict and nullify any agreement which could leave an uncertainty about the price because this “induces an uncertainty about the consent itself”. The hypothesis the most extreme is when the contract anticipates the setting of the price upon « a common agreement ». When the price is mentioned to be left to the arbitration of a third party, it is also determinable. The Civil Code article 1592 anticipates in the following terms that the price : “can however be left to the arbitration of a third party, if the third party does not want or cannot do the estimation, then there is no sale. ” This process of determination is lawful only in the sense that it guarantees the objectivity of the price. If the third party’s interference has been anticipated by the legislator this is precisely because the process does offer enough guarantees against any discretionary fixation by one party or the other: « the price determination by a third party is lawful because none of both parties is at the discretion of the other. But they both become at the discretion of the agreed third party ». The principle of the price’s setting has for consequence the principle of no assumption from the judge. The judge can interfere in the setting process independently from the parties’ will. The High Jurisdiction is traditionally hostile to the legal setting of the sales price for it would be like allowing the execution of an imperfect contract and even though it happens to be a fair decision from the judges they regularly pronounce the annulment for violation in regard of the Code Civil article 1591. If, however, a certain tendency in case law in favor of the maintaining of the contract can be noticed the principle is rigorously applied by courts : the judge is not allowed to fill the gap either automatically either through expert measures for the absence of an agreement on the price and can only pronounce the nullity of the sale. Except the work contract or contract of enterprise brought up as a successful example where the price does not need to be set, internal right is rather strict. It is worth wondering about the system chosen by our neighbours. It can be observed that the requirement for the price setting is not enforced so rigorously and that even a place more important is given to the judge. The phenomenon of nonfulfillment of the contract is the opposite movement which consists in a unilateral setting of the price by one of the parties or even by the judge. Actually for lack of agreement between the parties, the judge has the power to fix the price by referring to the one usually applied. Even if the seller implements its own price, the buyer can always call to the judge if he considers that this price do not meet the market’s prices. Currently existing in the Common Law countries specially in English law with the open price term, the system could inspire French Right towards more flexibility. For long the price has been strictly submitted to the Civil Code 1108 and 1129 articles. These stipulations coming from the general theory of the contract do not specifically target the price. Case Law has applied them from the seventies to contracts which could not really be called sale ( bier contracts, contract of varied trades, franchises…)The pump attendant or the retailer found themselves in a dependency, attached to the stronger contracting party by a clause of exclusivity The disparity in economic power would be translated by an arbitrary price setting. The punishment was the nullity for indetermination of the object. So for example the business Court of the final court of appeal canceled systematically contracts which referring to the price of the seller on the delivery day. The inconvenient of this Case Law is certain for these long-terms contracts : followed cancelations in mass of these sales contracts whose application was spread over many years. Announced by the judgments Alcatel, the expected change in Case Law has finally happened through the judgments of the plain assembly on the 1st December 1995, according to which : « the Civil Code article 1129 is not applicable to the setting of the price » and « when a convention anticipates the conclusion of future contracts the indetermination of the contract price in the initial convention does not affect except special legal clauses the validity of the former, any abuse in the price setting leading only to cancelation or compensation ». But exceptions price is not a condition for the contract validity but a condition of execution, the judge control moves towards the characterization of abuse. At the same time as this Case Law a tendency towards a more contractual justice appears trough the notion of good faith (Case Law Huard) or even through the subjectivisation of the cause (Case Chronopost). The current development of economic violence reveals that the judge takes into account the reality of inequalities between the contracting parties. At a time when legal interfering on the price is welcome, Is it possible to extend the mechanism to all contracts? The European principles of the Right of contracts put into shape by the Lando Commission contribute to this proposal in anticipating a possible price setting. These principles stand as law-model to harmonize different European rights of contracts. The articles 6-104 to 6-107 favor a more flexible approach on this matter, especially when the contract does not fix the price or the way to fix it, parties are supposed to have set a reasonable price. What will be the French Right evolution? One should wonder whether the french case law evolution could end up institutionalized in the pre-project of reform on the right of obligations and prescription proposed to the senate on the 22nd of September 2005, project draft named Catala. The reform proposal on the Right of obligations seems to be inspired by European principles of Right of Contracts. In its article 1121-4 it is stipulated that “in the Contracts at successive or stepped execution, it can be agreed that the price of offered services by the creditor will be determined by the later at each providal, would it be by reference to his own tariff, up to him in case of contestation to justify its amount at the first written demand with recorded delivery from the debtor”
Valeský, Tomáš. "Grand Prix České Republiky". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215814.
Texto completoPleva, Dominik. "Grand Prix České Republiky". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215819.
Texto completoDe, Iulio Simona. "Publicité et territoires : une analyse comparative de la publicité transnationale en France et en Italie". Grenoble 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE39019.
Texto completoDegrassat-Théas, Albane. "Prix, concurrence et régulation : soutien à l'innovation et prix des médicaments à l'hôpital". Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944739.
Texto completoDicko, Mahamane. "Perception des prix : une approche empirique de la sélection des critères d'évaluation du prix". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10033.
Texto completoDicko, Mahamane. "Perception des prix une approche empirique de la sélection des critères d'évaluation du prix". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37597177m.
Texto completoDrapeau, Bianca. "Publicité provocatrice et concept de soi". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35668.pdf.
Texto completoBaumel, Sophie. "La publicité trompeuse dans la jurisprudence". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10050.
Texto completoLinnemer, Laurent. "Publicité et signal de la qualité". Paris, EHESS, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996EHES0037.
Texto completoIn a context of an experience quality good, we reinforce the role of dissipative advertising as a signal of product quality by analysing a two period model. The conclusions of nelson (1974) are strengthened. Next, we widen this point of view, showing that other long term effects such as investment in capacity or learning by doing induce to the use of dissipative advertising. We extract the role of barrier of entry of advertising in merging the static model of quality signal and a model of limit pricing. Finally, we highlight that dissipative advertising is an efficient signal when the hidden characteristic is multidimensional
Guibourgé, Jérôme. "Analyse sémiotique de l'humour en publicité". Limoges, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIMO2003.
Texto completoVellas-Rieunier, Brune. "Droit de la publicité et Internet". Toulouse 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU10041.
Texto completoDevelopment of Internet media in advertising is a major technological development in the field of communication. Technically, the Internet corresponds to a transformation of the form and content of commercial communication. Economically speaking, the Internet represents an upheaval of the advertising market, as electronic advertising involves the simultaneous use of text, pictures, sounds and films. In view of the significant role played by electronic advertising, legal adaptations are an important issue. The Internet transforms the legal framework of advertising because the communicated information becomes interactive rather than passive. For this reason, instructive advertising becomes aggressive, in that it can infringe on fundamental personal data protection rights and consumer protection. It has therefore become necessary to regulate advertising information on the Internet, with regards to both form and content. This is the main aim of the June 21, 2004 Law transposing the European directive on the digital economy into French law. It directly concerns the use and control of advertising on the Internet. However, the analysis of Internet advertising laws demonstrates that current laws, and recent progress are not sufficiently adapted to solve the problems of protecting Internet users with regards to the increasing number and different forms of unwanted advertisements, in particular because there is a major limitation due to the fact that Internet advertising has no borders, and so can consequently avoid national or regional, and particularly European, legal frameworks. Thus, the study of Internet advertising laws could be considered as one of the primary examples of the adaptation of regulatory tools, resulting from the growth of new communication technologies, and demonstrates the problems faced by the new regulations in the context of globalization
Ben, Elhadj-Ben Brahim Nada. "contributions a l'économie de la publicité". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX24009/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we develop economic models in which firms invest in different types of advertising. We analyze the effects of the advertising investments and prices on the advertisers and media strategies. In addition, we study the various market configurations emerging at equilibrium. On this basis, we focus, in Chapters 2, 3 and 4, on the targeted informative advertising. In the following chapters, we consider persuasive advertising that create negative and positive externalities. These externalities may be exogenous (Chapter 5) or endogenous (Chapter 6).More precisely, we investigate in Chapter 2, through a horizontal differentiation framework, the price competition and targeted advertising investments when firms are able to perfectly target each type of consumer. In Chapter 3, we model a situation in which a printed media has the choice between editing a single national newspaper published in two cities, or editing two local newspapers allowing thus advertisers to buy separated or bundled ads. In Chapter 4, we investigate the best signalling strategy of a monopoly when introducing a new product with unobservable quality. The firm signals its quality to the potential consumers through informative targeted advertising i.e. by choosing the size of the reached consumer's market. The aim of chapter 5 is to highlight the strategic interaction between media and product markets when the market exhibits positive and negative advertising externalities. The last Chapter is interested in the optimal persuasive advertising and pricing decisions of two vertically differentiated firms given that each firm has the choice to advertise in comparative and/or non-comparative advertising
Choi, Dong Ook. "Publicité sur Internet avec encombrement d'information". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0763.
Texto completoAttention is a scarce resource. This study investigates the problem of the limited consumer's attention span and its impact on Internet advertising markets. For this, I explore Korean search engine market and present a structural model of the demand for the display advertising where the limited attention of website users is considered.The theoretical model assumes that the users' attention is distributed heterogeneously in constructing advertising demand.I show that the monopoly platform would send excessive messages in this setting and that the probability of message process differs by characteristics of users and websites.A random-coefficient discrete choice model is used to formulate the user demand function. Having two demand functions at hand, a markup is derived from the platform's profit function and is shown to have three components: Lerner's index, a network effect from user side, and the congestion effect.The reduced-form estimation models are, then, discussed. These estimations are to explore the market characteristics and to find preliminary evidences of the information congestion in Korean Internet search engine market.For the structural estimation, I simulate the probability that a user pays attention to a message posted on the website. This, in turn allows me to identify the extent to which information congestion affects the advertising demand.The estimated model enables me to predict a probability that a message is seen by a user of one particular website in a given month. The probability ranges from .19 to .58 across websites and it depends on gender, age, and education level of website users. I also find that 1% increase in ad level drops 0.06% of user's message process.I separately estimate the user demand function and find that advertising is a nuisance for 92.17% of users. Using estimates from both demands, I find that the externality from the limited attention is an important determinant of the platform's markup.The study shows that the ad level on a website is systematically below the social optimum level, implying that the website's market power leads to a decrease in quantity beyond what would be socially optimal in view of the negative externality from information congestion.The corresponding deadweight loss and the surplus gain for the society are estimated.I perform a counterfactual experiment on the impact of introducing ad avoidance options on websites. From the experiment, I find that ad levels decrease in the share of ad-avoiders because the platform's valuation on users rises in average attention. These results may stress the importance of users' limited attention in the demand estimation of monopoly media markets
Harir, Dalila. "Publicité et littérature : une approche sémiotique". Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/177998059#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoThe advertising speech is, unquestionably, an intertextual speech. It does not satisfy itself with delivering commercial information ; it uses and abuses intercultural references coming from various fields such as cinema, comic strip, arts, literature, etc. This thesis considers the relationships between advertising and literature and the use of various literary genres in written advertising media as well as in audiovisual spots. The analyses, based on semiotic theory, show that the borrowing to literature is submitted to real studies in order to set up specific marketing strategies. It suggests that literary genres possess a quite particular competence that they can transfer to advertised products and so enhance important features. In such cases, the literary text presents itself visually, under forms where images are the main vectors. Some literary genres, like tales, are subject to an excessive visual recycling by other iconic fields. We notice then a “circular circulation” of the visual representation of literature where several fields mix themselves, feeding advertising. To understand this borrowing to literature, we selected some advertisements (written media are analyzed in the second part of the thesis, and spots in the third one), we described them and underlined the structure of every case by comparing it to the literary text in order to bring out the underlying meanings
Bilodeau, Jean-François. "Analyse de processus de sauts dans le prix du pétrole brut". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0019/MQ47169.pdf.
Texto completoMazouz, Alicia. "Le prix du corps humain". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010325.
Texto completoRegarding the French civil Code, the question of the price of human body can be surprising as selling body parts is prohibited. The gratuity is an important principle of bioethics French law. However, there are different types of prices. The salary would be a counterpart of human body at work, when the compensation would be considered as the price of human body’s injury. Therefore, there's not one price of human body but many prices. Those prices could be seen as an exception to the principle of gratuity of human body. But the qualification as an exception isn't fully satisfying, and we'll prefer to think about a new relationship between price and human body
Yuen, Kwok-kuen Patrick y 袁國權. "Macau Grand Prix international community". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984344.
Texto completoPouchain, Delphine. "Commerce équitable et prix juste". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100121/document.
Texto completoFair trade aims at creating fairer market relationships, by establishing what is considered to be the just price. By promoting exchanges on an equitable basis, through international partnerships grounded in a desire for justice, fair trade highlights the need for new thinking on the notions of justice and equity. In a world dominated by the theories of distributive justice, it shows the interest of a theory of commutative justice, of justice in the exchange. Fair trade enables us to demonstrate that neoclassical, institutionalist and Rawlsian theories of justice often fail to distinguish between justice and adjustment, accuracy, compassion and equity, and drift towards political theories of justice. Fair trade shows that the Aristotelian distinction between a good and a bad economy is still relevant, but more importantly it reveals the fact that the good economy is enduring, and has not completely disappeared under bad chrematistic. Economic agents have a taste for justice, for a “good” exchange. Because fair trade seeks to restore the possibility of an economy preserved from bad chrematistic and framed in practical Aristotelianism, it shows us the necessity for a theory of justice in economic exchanges and ultimately leads us to consider the notion of moral perfectionism
Jirari, Adil. "Planification et prix de production". Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100084.
Texto completoMartin, Julien. "Prix, qualité et commerce international". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010035.
Texto completoFarajallah, Mehdi. "L'économie des comparateurs de prix". Rennes 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN1G007.
Texto completoSalah, Jihed. "Le prix en droit musulman". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0044.
Texto completoThis subject consists in the analysis of the price under the Islamic law. The Islamic law is derived from the Noble Qur'an, first source of the law, at which we must add the "Sunna" or "prophetic tradition" and many "hadiths" or "extracts from the prophetic tradition. " The notion of price studied under Muslim law is a complex concept involving a double sphere, one commercial and one extra commercial. First, it seems clear that the notion of price is analyzed with regard to the law of business in general and to the commercial transactions taking place on the market. Indeed, in the Arabic language, the word price, refers to two distinct notions. It is often designated by the term “Thaman", literally "the estimated price”, and sometimes, by the word "si'r ", literally “price of market”. Secondly, next to the business law, and paradoxically, the notion of price is also present in various institutions, specific to the Islamic law, that belong to a sphere called extra-commercial. Such are the dowry, understood as the price of marriage, and the retaliation, understood as the price of private vengeance, or even the blood price. These are main examples among others. These concepts have, in this study, been considered like “prices” with regard to the Muslim specific institutions. Furthermore, the notion of price analyzed under the Islamic law, in the commercial sphere as in the non-commercial sphere, takes different forms. It can take the form of a payment in money or in kind, and even sometimes partly both of them. As we find rules applicable to the notion of price, in both, commercial and extra commercial spheres, and as they have several common characteristics, it is possible to speak, in a way, about a general theory of “the concept of price in the Islamic law”
Marichal, Olivier. "Sécurisez vos prix de transfert /". Paris : EFE, Edition-Formation-Entreprise, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39946846z.
Texto completoBibliogr. p. 331-335. Index.
Yuen, Kwok-kuen Patrick. "Macau Grand Prix international community". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950642.
Texto completoAyadi, Karim. "La prévision des prix pétroliers". Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020050.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the way one can make very short run predictions of spot oil and petroleum derivatives prices. Broadly, there are two issues of interest: the autoregressive expectations and the price discovery role of oil futures prices. In the first part we examine two different forecasting methodologies: technical analysis and time series modelling. Our empirical results show evidence for predictive power of the moving average rule on spot oil prices. On the other hand, the statistical properties of these prices led us to apply arch/garch methodology. The empirical results show, among other things, the existence of mean and conditional variance "day of the week" effects. The second part of this thesis is concerned with the informational role of oil futures markets. We first describe the functioning of oil future markets. Then we test the informational role of the basis (difference between the spot and future prices). In the last chapter, an equilibrium model under rational expectations and asymmetric information is constructed to show that the equilibrium future price transfers informations. Empirical tests show that daily brent future prices doesn't contain interesting informations on the evolution of daily dated brent price. But contain useful information to predict the evolution of dated brent price volatility
Le, Corroller Cécile. "Prix hedoniques et economie industrielle". Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN0545.
Texto completoAn hedonic specification of demand functions is goog way to go into more detail in the study of the optimal situations and of the offers behaviours in a differentiated industry. From cournot's hypothesis, the firms start in competition directly on production capacities and equilibrium prices are hygher than with bertrand's hypothesis. Furthemore, the rivalry is stronger and the industry is less concentrated than when the producers compete exclusively in terms of prices. Whatever the nature of the competition, the slope of the firms reaction curves is first positive and then negative. During competition, producers are more or less fighters according to points linked with products differentiation. The results prooves that usual ideas on the subject must be reconsidered. Furthermore, studies on differentiated industries gain in realism
Cellier, Joachim. "Les éléments matériel et intentionnel du délit de publicité trompeuse". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10016.
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