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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Prison administration – great britain"

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Publicado: 26 de julio de 2024

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1

Boast, RP. ""A Prison Ship Lies Waiting in The Bay": Penal Colonialism in the South Pacific". Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 54, n.º 1 (15 de octubre de 2023): 61–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v54i1.8436.

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This article is offered as a contribution to this festschrift in honour of Professor Tony Smith, my colleague at Victoria University of Wellington. The main purpose of the article is to provide a Pacific orientation to the history of English criminal law and criminal and penal administration, as part of a collection of articles written as a tribute to Professor Smith's expertise and prominence in criminal law. The article draws on the historiography of English criminal law, a historiography with which Professor Smith is very familiar (and, indeed, knows some of its contributors personally). The article links this historiography to the wider historiography of the Pacific. Although the main focus is on Great Britain and the British system of convict transportation in the 18th and 19th centuries, the article also considers its French equivalent. France, too, shipped convicts to the Pacific, and just as the architectural legacy of the transportation era is obvious in Australia and Norfolk Island, it is also obvious in New Caledonia. The main approach has been to focus on "penal colonialism" as a specific variety of colonialism in its own right, and as an important dimension of British and French colonialism in the Pacific region during the colonial era. While New Zealand was not a penal colony as such, New Zealand had some connections of its own with British penal colonialism in the southwestern Pacific: New Zealand sent some convicts to the Australian penal colonies in New South Wales in Van Diemen's Land and also possessed a small-scale internal transportation of its own.

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2

Hughes, Meredydd G. "Great Britain". Educational Administration Quarterly 21, n.º 1 (febrero de 1985): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x85021001010.

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3

Davydov, Andrey. "US - Great Britain Economic Relations". Russia and America in the 21st Century, n.º 5 (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207054760028381-6.

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This article covers the major trends of United States and Great Britain economic relations. Economic cooperation between these countries is closely connected with the phenomenon of “special relationships” in the political field. Sources and main points of the “special relationships” are being analyzed in the article. British departure from the European Union created possibilities to develop further economic cooperation between the United States and the United Kingdom. Negotiations on free trade agreement started under Donald Trump administration but were frozen under current US administration. In the result UK proved to be between Scylla and Charybdis. The article covers major trends of structural changes in mutual trade and investment flows during last decade. Statistical analysis shows that oil and natural gas are the major articles of US export to Great Britain. United Kingdom is exporting transport equipment, chemicals and different types of machinery. Different services (professional, business, finance and science) are also important for mutual cooperation. Current investment positions of both countries are being analyzed. Great Britain is interested to get American direct investment in different fields. UK big holding companies are the major target of US direct investors. British equities are also in great demand on the global financial market. Most of British capitals are invested in manufacturing companies of the US. Current situation with free trade negotiations is being analyzed. President John Baiden administration realizes conservative economic policy. US conservative policy is aimed to support national producers. In view of the above it is highly likely that trade negotiations between US and UK will not be in progress for a long period.

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4

Gökatalay, Semih. "British Colonialism and Prison Labour in Inter-War Palestine". Labour History 125, n.º 1 (25 de octubre de 2023): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/labourhistory.2023.23.

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Great Britain ruled modern-day Israel and Palestine from 1917 to 1948. The exploitation of prison labour became a source to fund its colonial government. This study explicates the economic and legal rationale for prison labour, the living and working conditions and discipline of convicts, and public debates and controversies surrounding political prisoners in Mandatory Palestine. With specific references to forced labour in the colonised world, it evaluates the experience of Mandatory Palestine from a transnational perspective and makes a connection between global colonialism and prison labour. Using a rich trove of official documents and newspaper articles as its primary sources, this article links the proliferation of the prison labour system with the introduction and consolidation of British colonialism in Palestine and argues that colonial ideology and practices coloured and justified the use of prison labour.

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5

Power, Sally y Geoff Whitty. "Education Reform in Great Britain: An Interim Review". Educational Administration Quarterly 33, n.º 2 (abril de 1997): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x97033002002.

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6

Wright, Vincent. "Le cas britannique : le démantèlement de l’administration traditionnelle". Revue française d'administration publique 75, n.º 1 (1995): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1995.2975.

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The Dismantling of Traditional Administration : The Case in Great Britain. Reform of public administration in Great Britain began in 1979 with the Conservative Party newly-installed in power. This modernization policy, strongly motivated by ideological factors, proceeded with a complete calling into question of traditional characteristics of British central administration. Subsequent modifications focused on two main areas : on the one hand, political leaders reinforced their means of control in an effort to assert their authority, and on the other hand, a vast campaign of privatizations was launched, accompanied by numerous measures designed to increase the efficiency of administrative activity.

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7

Lutsenko, N. "EVOLUTION OF SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN US AND UK DURING DONALD TRUMP`S ADMINISTRATION". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, n.º 149 (2021): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2021.149.8.

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An article is an attempt to study «special relationships» between the United States and Great Britain. The author mentioned that the presidential elections in the USA and the fact that Donald Trump became a new president reflected on the relationships between the United States and Great Britain. The attention is given to the role of personality in states’ relationships. The article illustrates that Donald Trump`s populism in his speeches played a negative role for making stable relationships with the UK. More specifically, Donald Trump's criticism of London's mayor Sadiq Khan, Scotland Yard evocated a negative social reaction in Great Britain. As shown in the article, the citizens of the United Kingdom were shocked by Donald Trump`s islamophobia and his Facebook post of the far-right organization «Britain first». Indeed, it was the reason for massive protests during Donald Trump's official visit to the United Kingdom in 2018. The reference should be made to the fact that in 2016 the UK citizens decided to leave European Union. Despite the fact that Donald Trump approved this decision he criticized British prime-minister Theresa May for soft Brexit. As shown in the article contrary to the strong criticism of the British government Donald Trump visited Great Britain three times during his presidential term. These official trips were directed on normalization of Anglo-American relationships. Queen Elizabeth twice met Donald Trump and they both mentioned that special relationships are important for their countries. Research has shown that during Boris Johnson’s premiership US-UK relations became stronger. This factor is due to close Trump`s and Johnson's political views. The article illustrates that the United States and Great Britain still have special relationships. Countries have strong intelligence, military and nuclear cooperation. Both the US and the UK are still key economical partners and they are interested in safety relationships.

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8

Kemp, Peter A. "Housing Benefit: Great Britain in Comparative Perspective". Public Finance and Management 6, n.º 1 (marzo de 2006): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210600600104.

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Britain has a relatively unusual housing allowance scheme compared with those in many other countries. It is also one that has experienced many problems and attracted much criticism. the Labour Government is currently introducing a radical reform of the scheme, which aims to tackle its many problems. the purpose of this article is to consider the British scheme and its planned replacement in comparative perspective. It is argued that, although the new scheme will tackle some of the design faults of the current scheme, other difficulties will be left untouched and important problems with the administration of housing benefit will therefore remain. the new scheme will also be unusual by comparison with housing allowances in other countries, but in a different way from the scheme it is due to replace.

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9

McGowen, Randall. "A Powerful Sympathy: Terror, the Prison, and Humanitarian Reform in Early Nineteenth-Century Britain". Journal of British Studies 25, n.º 3 (enero de 1986): 312–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385867.

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It is felt that men are henceforth to be held together by new ties, and separated by new barriere; for the ancient bonds will now no longer unite, nor the ancient boundaries confine. [J. S. Mill, “The Spirit of the Age” (1831)]I“The punishment of death shocks every mind to which it is vividly presented,” wrote Edward Gibbon Wakefield in 1832. It “overturns the most settled notions of right and wrong.” H. G. Bennet announced in Parliament in 1820 that he thought an execution “weakened the moral taste or sensibility of the people.” Such high-minded but platitudinous phrases frequently recurred in the early nineteenth-century debate over the criminal law, though historians have had a difficult time knowing what to make of them. Yet for all their vagueness such expressions do reveal a sensibility whose outline we can trace and whose influence we can measure. In drawing a connection between feeling and morality Wakefield appealed to social assumptions and values that were popular among humanitarians. Criminal law reformers proposed a new and exacting standard for the administration of justice: “Punishment,” argued James Scarlett, “ought to be consonant to the feelings and sympathies of mankind; and … those feelings ought to be enlisted on the side of the administration of justice.” They argued that the heavy reliance on the death penalty was a mistaken policy. The gallows aroused dangerous passions that signaled the existence of intractable social antagonism. They opposed such a spectacle with reforms that aimed at the promotion of a social union founded on shared feeling.

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10

Bownes, Mary. "The work of dietitians in Great Britain". Social Policy & Administration 27, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1993): 335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9515.1993.tb00549.x.

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11

Khanyk, Y. B. "APPLICATION OF PUBLIC MARKETING IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION OF GREAT BRITAIN". Investytsiyi: praktyka ta dosvid, n.º 4 (7 de abril de 2022): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.32702/2306-6814.2022.4.138.

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12

Zaharijevic, Adriana. "What does the reform do? How dungeon became prison". Filozofija i drustvo 25, n.º 3 (2014): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1403247z.

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The paper examines the meanings of the notion of reform. Is reform an act or a process; what is an object of reform and how is it performed; is the scope of its performance limited or does it permeate deeper social structures? The approach to reform in this paper is genealogical, through the analysis of the processes of institutionalisation of the prison in Great Britain in 18th and 19th centuries. Although the elaboration of these processes revolves around a particular era and place, this micro-sample gives rise to conclusions that surpass historically conditioned analysis. The aim of this paper is to show that reform has to be understood as an expression and effect of a profound transformation of the political, as well as the complex, multilateral and dispersive process which penetrates into and alters extant social relations.

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13

Racine, Karen. "“This England and This Now”: British Cultural and Intellectual Influence in the Spanish American Independence Era". Hispanic American Historical Review 90, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2010): 423–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2010-002.

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Abstract This essay argues that Great Britain provided the strongest and most relevant contemporary model for the Spanish American independence leaders. Over the course of two eventful decades, 1808 to 1826, over 70 patriot leaders made the long and difficult journey to London to seek political recognition, arms, recruits, and financial backing for their emancipation movements. Countless others remained at home in Spanish America but allied themselves with Britain through their commercial ventures, their ideological affiliation, or their enthusiastic emulation of British institutions, inventions, and practices such as the Lancasterian system of monitorial education, trial by jury, freedom of the press laws, steam engines, and mining technology. This generation of independence leaders carried on a purposeful correspondence with famous British figures such as abolitionist William Wilberforce, prison reformer Elizabeth Fry, utilitarian philosophers Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, scientist Humphrey Davy, and vaccination proponent Edward Jenner. Their conscious choice to draw closer to Great Britain, rather than Napoleonic France or the early republican United States, reveals much about the kind of cultural model the Spanish American independence leaders admired and their vision of the countries they wanted to create.

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14

King, Anthony. "GOVERNMENTAL RESPONSES TO BUDGET SCARCITY: GREAT BRITAIN". Policy Studies Journal 13, n.º 3 (marzo de 1985): 476–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.1985.tb01585.x.

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15

Ohotnykova, Olha Volodymyrivna. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MERITOCRATIC PRINCIPLE IN EUROPEAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS". International Journal of Legal Studies ( IJOLS ) 4, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.0005.

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The article analyzed the experience of forming the personnel of the public administration system in France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Latvia. The author defined the procedures for selection and formation of a management elite in these countries. The article noted that the main stages of selection and formation of managerial personnel is the passage of the system of examinations on language proficiency and knowledge of legislation. The author stated that in France, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Latvia there is no legislative regulation of the meritocratic principle as a principle of selection of talented specialists. In addition, the personal qualities of the managerial elite remain to be neglected. Separately, the question of creating a reserve of talented youth is needed, which will allow permanent rotation of staff in the system of public administration, and also create conditions for the development of personnel, depending on their talents and abilities. The author proposes ways to improve the system of examinations and procedures for recruiting.

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16

Owen, Glyn. "Continuity and change: sub-national government in Great Britain". Public Policy and Administration 11, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1996): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095207679601100308.

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17

Unwin, Patrick R. y Robert W. Unwin. "Humphry Davy and the Royal Institution of Great Britain". Notes and Records of the Royal Society 63, n.º 1 (28 de julio de 2008): 7–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2008.0010.

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The abortive attempts of Sir Humphry Davy to introduce modest reforms at the Royal Society of London during his Presidency (1820–27) contrast with his (largely unstudied) earlier experience of administration at the Royal Institution of Great Britain (RI). Davy's attempts to combat the systemic weaknesses in governance and funding, and his role in effecting changes at the RI, in association with a core group of reformers, merit consideration. This paper analyses important aspects of the early management and social structure of the RI and examines the inner workings of the institution. It shows how and why the Library, its most valuable financial asset, and its celebrated Laboratory, developed along distinctive lines, each with its own support structures and intra-institutional interests. While acknowledging the roles traditionally ascribed to Count Rumford and Sir Joseph Banks, the paper highlights the contributions of other early patrons such as Thomas Bernard, son of a colonial governor of Massachusetts, and Earl Spencer, a leading European bibliophile and RI President from 1813 to 1825. The promotion of a Bill in Parliament in 1810, designed to transform the RI from a proprietary body politic into a corporation of members, and the subsequent framing of the bye-laws, provided opportunities to establish a more democratic structure of elected committees for the conduct of science.

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18

Proper, Eve. "Bringing educational fundraising back to Great Britain: A comparison with the United States". Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 31, n.º 2 (27 de abril de 2009): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13600800902825850.

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19

Kutepova, Maryna. "DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY DEVOLUTION PROCESSES IN GREAT BRITAIN". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Public Administration 15, n.º 1 (2022): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2616-9193.2022/15-4/9.

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The main purpose of the article is to analyze the devolutionary processes in Great Britain, which have intensified and institutionalized since the late twentieth century and continue to the present days, as well as their impact on the political and socio-economic development of its member countries – England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study are scientific methods and methodological approaches to understanding the process of interaction of public authorities under conditions of devolution. An important condition of the chosen research strategy is the observance of the principles of objectivity, multifactoriality and systematicity. The study is based on methodological principles of a systematic approach. Using a systems approach makes it possible to study the interaction of public authorities in the UK in the context of devolution as a single system. Based on the fact that devolution involves the creation of certain institutions, as well as institutional adaptation to a management system that adapts to new conditions, the main methodological approach to analysis was the institutional approach. The article emphasizes that for a long time the United Kingdom has been a model of decentralized political governance based on the culture of civil society and the representation of local interests in the national government. To a large extent, Britain's sustainable development depends on a periodic political compromise. It can alleviate the main contradiction of the British political system – the dichotomy of the principles of the supremacy of parliament and regional self-government. It is proved that the decentralization of public administration in the UK means the devolution of central government and increasing the responsibility of local government in the expansion and development of various forms of interaction between state and society. In general, the process of decentralization of power in the UK is complex and ambiguous one. The process of devolution in the UK is characterized by asymmetry, as evidenced by the lack of legislative powers of England. In this context, it is stated that the procedure of interaction between public authorities at different levels is not well established. Today there is a significant number of control functions, levers of administrative and financial pressure on central offices, as well as the lack of clear recommendations by which local authorities could determine what is within their competence and address urgent issues more effectively.

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20

Lang, Achim. "Collaborative Governance in Health and Technology Policy: The Use and Effects of Procedural Policy Instruments". Administration & Society 51, n.º 2 (10 de agosto de 2016): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399716664163.

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Stimulating technological innovations and limiting access to expensive health technology require the coordination and coherence of overlapping policy sub-systems: research, market access, and reimbursement. This study investigates which procedural policy instruments proved more successful in integrating collaborative governance arrangements in Great Britain and Germany. A new classification of procedural policy instruments is developed based on the targeted dimensions of collaborative governance (network structure and policy phase). The comparative analysis rests on expert interviews and meeting records and reveals that, in Great Britain, active leadership prevails during the consultations, while Germany, in contrast, presents a case of inconsistent governance.

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21

Daddow, Oliver J. "Euroscepticism and History Education in Britain". Government and Opposition 41, n.º 1 (2006): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.2006.00171.x.

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AbstractThis article examines the role played by national history in generating and sustaining the popularity of British Eurosceptic arguments. The core argument advanced is that the modernist approach to history prevalent among British historians and the society in which they work has to be considered the key reason for Euroscepticism retaining such a popular appeal in Britain. The overly reverential attitude to recent martial history on the part of the British, and an almost total neglect of the peacetime dimensions of modern European history since 1945, both serve to exaggerate the tendency in the country to fall back on glib images of Britain as a great power with a ‘special relationship’ across the Atlantic and Europe as a hostile ‘other’ to be confronted rather than engaged with constructively.

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22

Peregudov, S. "2010 Elections in Great Britain: Dismantlement of Two-Party System or Recurrent Failure?" World Economy and International Relations, n.º 10 (2010): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2010-10-12-21.

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The inability of either Labourists or Conservatives to form a parliamentary majority government after elections, and Liberal-Democratic Party's assuming a position that allows to qualify for a real participation in the state administration, change not only the balance of power, but also the contry's party-political system functioning principles themselves. Not less essential is the change in relations between society and government which became apparent during the electoral campaign and allows to raise an issue of a qualitative shift in the British democracy model.

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23

Nebřenská, Adéla. "Příběh Josefa Flekala". Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae – Historia 73, n.º 3-4 (2022): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/amnph.2019.012.

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This article is centred on the life’s story of the Czechoslovak instructor and aerobatics pilot, Josef Flekal. It emerges particularly from documents from the private family archive, specialist publications and from interviews with J. Flekal himself (conducted by Jiří Říha). The article describes Flekal’s studies at flight schools, his successes in aerial acrobatics, his activities as a flight instructor in Czechoslovakia, his departure to Poland prior to the beginning of World War II, and his subsequent service as a flight instructor in Great Britain and in Canada. It also recalls his time spent in prison after World War II. It thus describes the story of a notable figure in Czechoslovak aviation, primarily in the 1930s and in the course of World War II.

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24

Oplotnik, Tjaša. "Institutional Environment and Housing Conditions in the European Union". Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 6, n.º 3 (2 de septiembre de 2009): 287–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/56.

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There is no housing policy at the level of the European Union. Therefore, it is the domain of national options. There are also big differences between individual Member States. Despite that, the basic feature of the housing policies has been privatisation in most European countries over the last twenty years. It means transferring the responsibility for housing provision from the state to the market and formation of financial networks within which an individual can provide his or her housing. In nearly all EU Member States, including Slovenia, a major volume of selective allocation of housing construction for the market and a higher level of housing quality are noticeable. The purpose of this paper is to present the housing policies and the housing market conditions in Slovenia, Great Britain, Germany, Sweden and Spain. On the basis of the comparative analysis of the selected countries, we tried to present characteristics, differences or similarities in the housing standard. They are reflected in the quality, availability and accessibility of the housing stock. KEY WORDS: • housing market • housing policy • quality • availability • accessibility • housing stock • Slovenia • Great Britain • Germany • Sweden • Spain

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Greene, Benjamin P. "S. R. Joey Long (2011).Safe for Decolonization: The Eisenhower Administration, Great Britain, and Singapore". Diplomacy & Statecraft 23, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2012): 605–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09592296.2012.706547.

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26

von Beyme, Klaus. "The Effects of Reunification on German Democracy: A Preliminary Evaluation of a Great Social Experiment". Government and Opposition 27, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1992): 158–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1992.tb00594.x.

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A Great Deal of Macro-Sociological theory in Germany since Max Weber has been devoted to the inquiry into the 'special German road to development' and to the incompatability of developments in the economic and political sectors. Germany, after its first unification in 1871, developed quickly into an important economic power. In the late-nineteenth century Germany overtook Britain in economic strength and seemed to be second only to the United States. Britain, however, remained the unmatched model of development: it was, together with the United States, the only country which synchronized effectively the development towards democracy and towards modern capitalism. Even France — the second successful model in Europe — went through various breakdowns of its political development in 1830, 1848, 1870–71. Even later, threats of a breakdown of the constitutional parliamentary systems were latent.

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Parry, Geraint y George Moyser. "A Map of Political Participation in Britain". Government and Opposition 25, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1990): 147–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1990.tb00753.x.

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WHEREVER ONE TAKES A POSITION IN THE GREAT DEBATE between representative and participatory democrats it is clear that no democracy can function without the involvement of its citizens. What is at issue is the extent and nature of the citizen participation which is thought to be required if a democracy is to be worthy of its name. Whilst this is a fundamentally normative issue, the protagonists on both sides regularly cite evidence as to actual levels of participation and draw inferences from that evidence in support of their contentions.On the one side are those who assert that in Britain ‘some of the spectators have begun to descend on to the field’; on the other are those who say that ‘the “grass roots” of politics seem shrivelled and starved of the nourishment of participation by the citizens’. For this reason, as Jane Mansbridge has said, ‘field studies of what happens to various ideals when people try to live by them could prove useful in clarifying a wide range of normative questions.

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Сороко y A. Soroko. "Information and Communication Technologies as the Tool of Increase of Efficiency of Public Administration: International and National Experience". Administration 2, n.º 2 (16 de junio de 2014): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/4173.

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The best foreign practice related to creation of specialized information resources, on which data on public service’s various aspects are allocated, is considered, experiment of Italy, Canada, Singapore, Norway, Brazil, USA, Great Britain, India, Finland is shown. Results of work on preparation to creation on a Portal basis a uniform information system of Russia’s civil service human resource management have been presented.

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Bell, John. "L’administration de la justice au Royaume-Uni". Revue française d'administration publique 57, n.º 1 (1991): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rfap.1991.2448.

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Judicial Administration in Great Britain. Judicial organization and administration in Scotland, Northern Ireland and England are separate. They do, however, contain a large number of common elements : mainly the considerable increase in the number of litigations. The solution has been to extend the powers of the lower jurisdictions and to decentralize the activities of the higher jurisdictions : a limit on the verbal nature of debates, preliminary selection procedures to limit the number of appeals, etc. On the other hand, the procedures for recruiting magistrates (from among solicitors and barristers) makes it difficult to increase their numbers.

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Ahn, Suntai. "Comparative Political Finance Among the Five Democratic States: The United States, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and South Korea". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 16, n.º 2 (28 de febrero de 2002): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps16203.

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This study of comparative political fiancé deals primarily with how campaign money is regulated in five democratic states which include the United States, Great Britain, Australia, Japan, and South Korea. One central theme that can be detected in all the countries examined is that there is an universal trend towards consideration of the public funding of the electionerring process, with the United States leading the pack with a successful implementation of the public financing of its presidential elections since 1976. Japan and Korea are considered relatively newcomers in joining the ranks emerging democracies but both countries are certainly making valiant attempts at reforming their systems of campaign finances to ensure more transparency and accountability.

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Latey, R. H. y T. J. Fahy. "Electroconvulsive Therapy in the Republic of Ireland 1982: A Summary of Findings". British Journal of Psychiatry 147, n.º 4 (octubre de 1985): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.147.4.438.

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In 1981, Pippard & Ellam published the findings of their survey of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) in Great Britain. This was the first such survey to use a ‘medical audit’ approach, and included field visits to ECT clinics and a three-month uncontrolled outcome study of patients. They reported that ECT was used selectively, but that equipment, administration of the treatment, and clinic premises left much to be desired.

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Nikitin, Dmitrii. "Indian National Congress in the Years of the Lansdowne’s Government (1888–1894): Problems of Development". Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, n.º 4 (agosto de 2023): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2023.4.12.

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Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the main activities of the Indian National Congress (INC) during the reign of Viceroy Lansdowne. During this period, the main objects of the Congress were official recognition by the colonial administration and the expansion of propaganda work in Britain. But Congress also had several internal problems, such as an undeveloped organizational structure and controversies over unresolved social problems in India. Methods and materials. Based on reports on the annual sessions of the INC and the Indian and British press, the article examines the main problems of the development of the INC in 1888– 1894, the reasons for the increased activity of the Congress in England and the process of the emergence of the Congress’ branches in London and the Indian Parliamentary Committee, and the peculiarities of the relationship between Congress and the colonial administration. Analysis. The Viceroy’s views on Congress and their differences from the previous course of the Indian government are analyzed. The specifics of the activities of the INC in Great Britain are revealed. Particular attention is paid to the parliamentary work of the Congress. The reasons for the intensification of internal contradictions in the INC in the early 1890s are investigated. Results. It is concluded that Viceroy Lansdowne’s refusal to abandon the repressive policy towards the Congress contributed to the progressive development of the Congress, which manifested itself in the revitalization of its activities in Great Britain. However, the development was accompanied by the strengthening of internal organizational contradictions and the beginning of the formation of a Congress’ radical wing.

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33

Gal, John. "Categorical Benefits in Welfare States: Findings from Great Britain and Israel". International Social Security Review 51, n.º 1 (enero de 1998): 73–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-246x.00004.

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Klimek, Ludger, Natalija Novak, Eckard Hamelmann, Thomas Werfel, Martin Wagenmann, Christian Taube, Andrea Bauer et al. "Severe allergic reactions after COVID-19 vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in Great Britain and USA". Allergo Journal International 30, n.º 2 (24 de febrero de 2021): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40629-020-00160-4.

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SummaryTwo employees of the National Health Service (NHS) in England developed severe allergic reactions following administration of BNT162b2 vaccine against COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The British SmPC for the BNT162b2 vaccine already includes reference to a contraindication for use in individuals who have had an allergic reaction to the vaccine or any of its components. As a precautionary measure, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has issued interim guidance to the NHS not to vaccinate in principle in “patients with severe allergies”. Allergic reactions to vaccines are very rare, but vaccine components are known to cause allergic reactions. BNT162b2 is a vaccine based on an mRNA embedded in lipid nanoparticles and blended with other substances to enable its transport into the cells. In the pivotal phase III clinical trial, the BNT162b2 vaccine was generally well tolerated, but this large clinical trial, used to support vaccine approval by the MHRA and US Food and Drug Administration, excluded individuals with a “history of a severe adverse reaction related to the vaccine and/or a severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to a component of the study medication”. Vaccines are recognized as one of the most effective public health interventions. This repeated administration of a foreign protein (antigen) necessitates a careful allergological history before each application and diagnostic clarification and a risk–benefit assessment before each injection. Severe allergic reactions to vaccines are rare but can be life-threatening, and it is prudent to raise awareness of this hazard among vaccination teams and to take adequate precautions while more experience is gained with this new vaccine.

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Nikolic, Anja. "Similarities and differences in imperial administration Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina 1878-1903". Balcanica, n.º 47 (2016): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1647177n.

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This article discusses the similarities and differences of the position of Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina in the age of New Imperialism. Comparative approach will allow us to put both situations in their historical context. Austria-Hungary?s absorption of Bosnia-Herzegovina was part of colonial involvement throughout the world. Egypt and Bosnia-Herzegovina were formally parts of the Ottoman Empire, although occupied and administrated by European Powers. Two administrators, Evelyn Baring as consul-general in Egypt and Benjamin von K?llay as civil administrator of Bosnia-Herzegovina, believed that it was their duty to bring ?civilization?, prosperity and western culture to these lands - a classic argumentation found in the New Imperialism discourse. One of the most important tasks for both administrators was fighting the national movements, which led to the suppression of political freedoms and the introduction of a large administrative apparatus to govern the newly-occupied lands. Complete control over political life and the educational system was also one of the major features of both administrations. Both Great Britain in Egypt and Austria-Hungary in Bosnia-Herzegovina never tackled the agrarian question for their own political reasons. British rule in Egypt and Austro-Hungarian in Bosnia-Herzegovina bore striking resemblances.

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O. M., Zvenyhorodskyi. "VIOLENT PENITENTIARY CRIME AND ITS PREVENTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES". Scientific journal Criminal and Executive System: Yesterday. Today. Tomorrow 2020, n.º 1 (22 de diciembre de 2020): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32755/sjcriminal.2020.01.007.

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The article analyzes the manifestations of violent crime in places of imprisonment in some foreign countries (USA, Great Britain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Latin American countries). The violent penitentiary crime is a concentrated expression of the qualitative and quantitative state of all crime in the state and a manifestation of systemic problems that do not allow the effective prevention of crime in places of imprisonment. The mass riots of group disobedience occur in prisons in the United States, a number of Latin American countries (whose prison systems are in crisis), most of which are accompanied by hostage-taking and destruction of property. Different approaches to the prevention and elimination of mass riots in penitentiary institutions are considered. The experience of countries such as the United States, Brazil, Venezuela, El Salvador, and the Philippines has shown that the cessation of mass riots at any cost causes the death of both convicts and prison personnel. It is found that in the United States and Latin America, more important problem is the violent suppression of riots. Another approach is demonstrated by the penitentiary systems of European countries, where the emphasis is on the prevention of mass riots and other manifestations of violent penitentiary crime with the help of technical innovations. In particular, the penitentiary institutions of Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany have taken an approach according to which the convict`s behavior is directly dependent on the conditions of serving the sentence. In the penitentiary institutions of the Netherlands, one of the ways to prevent violent crime is the use of various technical innovations (video surveillance system, audio control, no bars, installation of armored windows, the possibility for convicts to use the Internet, etc.). It is the one of the directions of combating crime of convicts in places of imprisonment is the study of the positive experience of foreign countries in the field of prevention of violent crime, its critical analysis with the aim of introducing the penitentiary system. Key words: penitentiary system, violent crime, penitentiary crime, mass riots in penitentiary institutions, prevention of violent penitentiary crime.

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37

Rehfuss, John. "The Competitive Agency: Thoughts from Contracting Out in Great Britain and the United States". International Review of Administrative Sciences 57, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1991): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002085239105700310.

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Nohrin, I. M. "The Statement of the British Administration in Quebec and the Problem of Adaptation of the Traditional Colonial Policy (the Middle of 1760th)". Izvestiya of Saratov University. History. International Relations 12, n.º 3 (2012): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-4907-2012-12-3-23-27.

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Article is devoted to studying of policy of Great Britain in Quebec in the first years after the termination of Seven-year war. The author has concentrated his attention on researching of factors of its formation: the governmental course, policy of governor-generals, the conflict of interests of English merchants and the French community. The special attention is given to a problem of formation of administration political course on the basis of struggle of «old» and «new» social groups.

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39

Turner, Neil, Ian Driver, Jane A. Salotti, Mark S. Pearce y Tim Cheetham. "Increasing use of radioiodine in young people with thyrotoxicosis in Great Britain". European Journal of Endocrinology 167, n.º 5 (noviembre de 2012): 715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje-12-0542.

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Objective Radioiodine (RI) is an important therapeutic option in young patients with thyrotoxicosis. We wanted to determine whether RI is being used more frequently in this age group. Design National survey of Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). Methods Sixty-one medical physics departments were asked to provide the age and number of patients with thyrotoxicosis <21 years treated with RI (1990–2008). Information on the total number of RI treatments for thyrotoxicosis was also collected. Results Forty-three departments (70%), with representation from 21 of the 25 most populous areas of Great Britain, provided data on 69 258 treatments. The number of treatments recorded on patients <21 years during this period was 560 (0.9%). The frequency of treatments in young people as a percentage of the total increased from 0.2% in 1990 to 1.5% in 2008 (P<0.001). When the 18 centres submitting at least 17 years of data were analysed, a similar pattern was observed. The maximum number of young people treated was greatest in 2008 (62) with a fall in the youngest age at which RI was administered from 18 years (1990) to 11 years (2008). Conclusions A rising proportion of patients with thyrotoxicosis receiving RI are in those <21 years. This is largely due to an increase in the number of young people treated with a reduction in the minimum age at RI administration. We suspect that European clinicians are becoming more comfortable with RI treatment in young people with thyrotoxicosis, although a changing incidence is a potential contributing factor.

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40

Lutsenko, Nazarii. "United States – United Kingdom military cooperation under Donald Trump’s administration (2017 – 2021)". American History & Politics: Scientific edition, n.º 12 (2021): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2021.12.4.

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This article refers to military cooperation between the United States and Great Britain. Their relationship constitutes an important component of the system of the international relations. Both countries have nuclear weapons and the latest military technology. Both states are sending troops to resolve military conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa. The United States and the United Kingdom provide a significant support to Ukraine in its confrontation with the Russian Federation. Methodology. The research is based on chronological, historical-political and comparative methods. The purpose of the article is to study the changes and the development of the US-British bilateral relations in the context of military cooperation. Looking at the results of this study, the US-British military relations under the Donald Trump administration have not changed. The article illustrates that the United States and the United Kingdom are the main partners in the production of weapons and equipment, strategic planning of operations. British ships in the Asian-Pacific and Middle East plying with the US Navy, repeatedly conducted joint exercises. These are the only countries that conduct the bilateral military exercises almost every year. Under the premiership of Theresa May and Boris Johnson, the United Kingdom pursued a foreign policy strategy which is called Global Britain. The main goal is to make the country more powerful in the international arena. At the same time Donald Trump`s main strategy was to «Made America great again». So, sometimes there were some political discussions among political leaders how to react and to solve the problems in the Middle East, especially in Iraq. However, this did not affect the proximity of the military partnership. Both countries work closely together in the military force and in intelligence.

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41

Johnston, R. J., I. MacAllister y C. J. Pattie. "The Funding of Constituency Party General Election Campaigns in Great Britain". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 17, n.º 4 (agosto de 1999): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c170391.

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42

Lutsenko, Nazarii. "FUNDAMENTAL INDICATION OF THE «SPECIAL RELATIONSHIP» BETWEEN THE USA AND GREAT BRITAIN". American History & Politics: Scientific edition, n.º 16 (2023): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2023.16.5.

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The aim of this article is to shed light on the phenomenon of «special relations» between the United States of America and Great Britain. Despite the fact that the topic gained considerable attention in the academic literature and the term «special relations» is applied to different states and regions, it is necessary to understand its origins. The purpose of the article is to investigate the phenomenon of American-British relations, to analyze the historical and political view of the problem, and to formulate the characteristics of the relations between the United States and the United Kingdom. Chronological limits are determined by the first mention of the term in 1946 and the presidential term of D.Trump, who managed the office in 2017–2021. Methodology of the article. Hypotheses were tested through historiographical analysis and the historical-comparative method were used to analyze published studies on the history of «special relations». The scientific novelty of the study consists in determining the peculiarities of relations between the United States and Great Britain during the tenure of Donald Trump. Therefore, the «special relationship» is a unique historically formed complex of interaction between the USA and Great Britain, which is manifested in various spheres of public life: political (to have an opportunity for better implementation of their own foreign policy), military (the USA and the United Kingdom have an unprecedented level of mutual trust and cooperation in the field of intelligence and nuclear programs), cultural (the historical memory of both nations makes American and British society sensitive to the problems of their «English-speaking neighbours»). We consider it necessary to highlight the following features of American-British relations:the long-term historical interaction that brought the two nations closer together and laid the foundation for relations between the United States and Great Britain; the common ideology of liberalism; cooperation provides an opportunity to better implement one’s own foreign policy; close relations between political figures of states; relations are characterized by periodic «approaching and distancing», which create new challenges for the allies. Each of these features is traced in the relations between the USA and Great Britain and during the administration of Donald Trump. Both states faced a number of challenges in international politics, due to the crisis state of the modern system of international relations. The governments of the United States and the United Kingdom have demonstrated the ability to compromise in critical situations, that proves the uniqueness of such an alliance.

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Galbraith, James K., Harold D. Clarke, Marianne C. Stewart y Gary Zuk. "Economic Decline and Political Change: Canada, Great Britain and the United States". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 10, n.º 1 (1991): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3325524.

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Bolden, Tony y Reg Harman. "New development: High speed rail in Great Britain—its rationale and purpose". Public Money & Management 33, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2013): 463–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2013.836011.

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45

Haux, Tina. "Understanding Employment Barriers for Lone Parents in Great Britain: Research Gaps and Missed Opportunities". Social Policy & Administration 47, n.º 4 (7 de junio de 2013): 468–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/spol.12030.

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Волошин y D. Voloshin. "The Role of the Russian Provisional Government Penitentiary Courses in the Training of the Prison Administration (1917)". Socio-Humanitarian Research and Technology 5, n.º 1 (17 de febrero de 2016): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18423.

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Historical pedagogical aspects of establishing and functioning of the Penitentiary courses of professional training of penitentiary staff in 1917 are concerned in the article. In respect of the successive influence of the past on the modern conditions in the sphere of the penitentiary staff training, the actualization of its historical pedagogical evolution is shown. Based on the analysis of the scientific historical pedagogical sources, the article presents the social and historical premises of establishing the Penitentiary courses after the February Revolution of 1917. The great attention is paid to the analysis of the organizational-pedagogical structure of the Penitentiary courses. The conceptual part of the penitentiary staff training program and the instructional staff recruitment is analyzed; the author draws a parallel between them and the modern researches in the sphere of conception of person-centered approach in education. The author’s point of view on the role of the Penitentiary courses in training modern federal penitentiary staff is provided.

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47

Peters, John F., Sheila B. Kamerman y Alfred J. Kahn. "Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand and the United States". Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques 25, n.º 3 (septiembre de 1999): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3551532.

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48

Carnis, Laurent. "The automated speed enforcement system in Great Britain: between a technical revolution and administrative continuity". International Review of Administrative Sciences 73, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2007): 597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852307083462.

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Chumachenko, V. Y. y O. H. Kozynets. "Constitutional and legal status of the british monarch". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, n.º 5 (30 de diciembre de 2022): 62–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.05.11.

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The article examines the issue of the essence of the constitutional and legal status of the monarch of Great Britain. It is noted that the constitutional experience of Great Britain is unique. This country has almost the oldest constitutional history and practice. The relevance of the research topic is due to the fact that starting from the 17th century the role of the monarch in state administration was constantly changing by permanently reducing the powers of the royal power As a result of the adoption by the Parliament of the Bill of Rights in 1689 and the Act of Organization in 1701, the departure from absolutism and the final establishment of the constitutional monarchy were legally fixed in England. The article aims to investigate the main aspects of the constitutional and legal status of the British monarch It is noted that today the monarch is the head of state and the formal source of sovereign power, and also acts as a symbol of the unity of the nation and the guarantor of state continuity and stability in society. In Great Britain, the vast majority of the powers of the head of state are exercised by other bodies, primarily the government and its head, so we can state that the real powers of the monarch in Great Britain are largely limited. During the reign of Elizabeth II, who will die in 2022, the monarchy was seen more as a symbolic institution representing the united British people. Later, the Eldest son of the late Queen of Great Britain – 73-year-old Charles – came to power. He became the new monarch and received the title of king. As a result of the research, the authors come to the conclusion that the Monarch is recognized as the source of sovereign power, a symbol of the unity of the nation, and the head of the Anglican and Presbyterian churches. Due to the fact that the Monarch is a politically neutral figure, he acts as a guarantor of stability in the state and society. At the same time, although the monarch is part of the parliament, in English legal doctrine it is customary to put the head of state in the first place in the system of higher state authorities.

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Grant, M. "Controlling Local Government Expenditure in Britain: The Experience of Rate Capping". Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4, n.º 2 (junio de 1986): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c040165.

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Rate capping was introduced by the British Conservative Government in 1984 to impose a legally enforceable ceiling on the rating power of local authorities. It is a discriminatory measure. High-spending authorities, as assessed in accordance with current and historic data, are given annual rate limits by central government, with rights of appeal and negotiation. The process has generated great controversy, with some local authorities threatening municipal bankruptcy and all showing great reluctance to operate within the system. But the financial impact has so far been marginal: The government moved gingerly, and creative accounting has helped postpone financial difficulties.

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