Tesis sobre el tema "Prise de décision durable"
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Jumez, Victor. "SIC et génie civil : paramètres communicationnels et stratégies d'acteurs pour la prise de décision en réhabilitation". Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/35b76074-5d37-4909-bfa6-31de35a3911d.
Texto completoThe communication and information sciences suggest methods and tools to put the individual back at the heart od decision makers concerns, while being interested in its relational and interactional processes and to improve the strategies of actors, by analyzing the transmission of signals between them. The field of application of this work, the city, constitutes the framework of life for the majority of individuals and actors are numerous to think his improvement. However, in many cases, this analysis deals with technical parameters and puts a side the more subjectives elements concerning the user. Consequently the city and its build-up elements, thought of in terms of liveable surface, network or density, generate the segregations and the ill-feeling which wa can currently see. This work proposes an approach to analyse existing tools for urban assessment, to integrate communicationnal parameters and to improve the decision-making process. It was involved in particular in the field of the rehabilitation of social dwellings. The needs are numerous as well the technical iprovements already made have shown they did not solve all the problems. We have applied this work ti more than a thousand dwellings on the subject of the acoustic quality which illustrates the problems of this thesis according to which it is not enough in order to decide what improvements to make for user's comfort
Achhal, Yassine. "Cadre méthodologique pour la conception d'indicateurs de performance de développement durable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30176/30176.pdf.
Texto completoSalahaldin, Linda. "Utilisation des options réelles pour l’aide à la décision d’investissement dans le transport durable". Paris 9, 2007. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2007PA090047.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study the problem of investment in sustainable transport. We first develop a model, based on the IPAT method, to calculate the cost of transport externalities. Then, using real options method, we show how to maximize the inter-generational utility. First, under population growth uncertainty, we obtain explicit closed form expression for the population threshold above which it is optimal to invest. Second, under both demand and cost project uncertainties, like in the case of the construction of hydrogen infrastructure, we develop a numerical algorithm that helps making decisions. We calculate the expected waiting time until investing and show that we must wait a longer time before investing when the uncertainty is high
Blanquart, Stéphanie. "Role de l'aide multicritère à la décision (AMCD) dans la promotion d'une agriculture durable : Application à la régulation des pesticides au sein du secteur horticole de la Région Provence-Côte d'Azur". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE0042.
Texto completoNatural resources management suffers from multiple dysfunctions: ecological, social-economic, territorial, but also informational. Facing these dysfunctions, a recent literature is trying to adapt various means to go beyond them, with the sustainable development as a common purpose. As the first user of soil, water for irrigation, ecosystems and biological diversity, agriculture is directly concerned by this concept. Indeed, there is a need for considering both agriculture and environment within a sustainable agriculture. In that respect, this study is proposing a local process (LP) based on modern decision methods such as Multi-Criteria Decision-Aid (MCDA), in order to promote a sustainable agriculture at a local level. Applied to pesticide control within the horticultural sector and used to answer a request from the INRA (National Institute of Agronomic Research), the promotion of a sustainable horticulture needs adopting an integrated biological protection (IBP) that would use in priority biological protection against chemicals. The final purpose of this study is to help local authorities determine their own agricultural sector requirements and propose an adapted environmental policy. Results from implementing the AMCD-LP are showing an incentive based on informational management problems related to the adoption of new agricultural practices and the reality of a “technological lock-in”. In a local policy context, recommendations are proposing an experimental phase with local horticulturists. The latter are being sorted in three criteria groups (technical, behavioural and sustainability) allowing high-quality information broadcast within the area
Becue, Vincent. "Système d'aide à l'évaluation de la qualité de l'aménagement urbain durable intégrant l'exigence de la mixité des fonctions urbaines". Valenciennes, 2005. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6f77bb7c-b6bb-492b-836a-3c662c9667ce.
Texto completoThe development of commercial/industrial activities in the outskirts of the city, the desire for individual housing, and the expansion of commercial activity zones have resulted in cities that are functionally specialized and spatially widespread. Such urban sprawl must be controlled if the city is to become a sustainable entity. Cities must become more compact, and urban activities must be better distributed so as to reduce the amount of space required. Cities must succeed in providing high-quality diversified urban activities, which is one of the fundamental goals of sustainable urban development. What spatial organization of the city will make it possible to promote such sustainable urban development? What spatial scale is needed to support today's urban diversity? These are the questions which we endeavour to answer in this thesis. The method of evaluation developed for this research is based on five criterion families: density, proximity, polycentrality, landscape and mobility. These families are the basis for an evaluation model that will permit the above questions to be thoroughly investigated via the development of urban functional diversity plans designed to provide a more strategic vision for land use. To facilitate the implementation of our evaluation method, we propose an evaluation support system that exploits this model. The system combines a GIS software application and a multicriterion analysis method, with the goal of establishing sustainable municipal land use policies
Sirilertsuwan, Petchprakai. "Décisions de fabrication et modèle d’aide à la prise en charge à plusieurs niveaux pour améliorer la durabilité dans les chaînes d’approvisionnement en textiles et en vêtements". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I045.
Texto completoA recent trend towards sustainability has led to increases in various sustainable practices, but sustainability has still not been fully implemented into manufacturing and supply location decisions. A fragmented product supply chain (SC), which has various locations and multi-tier suppliers, leads to difficulties in traceability to ensure the SC has business, environmental, and social/socio-economic sustainability, known as the triple bottom line (TBL). Thus, this thesis aims to reveal which manufacturing decisions and location configurations better contribute to TBL, as well as to develop a location decision-support model for designing or evaluating multi-tier SCs with objective measurements and TBL factor considerations. Mixed methods are employed, including systematic literature reviews, semi-structured interviews, and SC simulations for the model formulation and its viscose t-shirt application. The thesis highlights that TBL benefits of proximity and distant manufacturing are location-dependent with their sources from spatial, cultural, ethnic, and linguistic proximity as well as country-, supplier-, and firm-specific. Spatial proximity benefits can be from proximity manufacturing to markets, materials suppliers, and headquarters as well as proximity between headquarters and market. The propose model has the potential to reveal the lowest or optimized cost and carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) SCs. The model is capable of revealing important factors and possible risks from future local and global disruptions, benefiting long-term supply chain planning. The model differentiates itself from the others by incorporating TBL from not only manufacturing and logistics activities but also sustainability assurance activities performed by suppliers and focal firms. The model potentially helps enhance TBL sustainability and supply chain visibility. This thesis has theoretical contributions to location theories, manufacturing decisions, cost and CO2e computational models, and sustainable multi-tier supply chain management
Hoang, Anh. "Pronostic de la performance d’Efficacité Energétique pour la prise de décision en maintenance dans les systèmes industriels". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0086/document.
Texto completoAmong sustainability consideration, energy is today the key for economic growth in industrial systems. Energy resources are however limited and becomes more and more expensive. The energy optimization of manufacturing systems must therefore be considered as a major challenge to be compliant with environmental impact and management of energy resources. This should be reflected primarily by using energy efficiency (EE) as main key lever to deploy sustainability to plants, i.e. reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. With regards to this EE context, the aim of this thesis is to investigate the problem of considering energy efficiency and its prediction as a new indicator in maintenance decision-making. In that way, we develop first a concept of energy efficiency, called EEI (energy efficiency indicator), applicable to the different levels of abstraction of an industrial system. Then, we propose a generic formulation to evaluate the EEI (and its evolution) taking into account static and dynamic factors of influence. The temporal evolution of this indicator with respect to the degradation of the system is addressed in a predictive maintenance objective. It leads to found an energy efficiency performance concept called REEL (remaining energy-efficient lifetime), representing the residual energy lifetime. To predict the potential evolution of the IEE to calculate REEL, a generic approach based on existing predictive approaches is also developed. Next, we investigate the use of EE in CBM maintenance decision-making. Finally, all these contributions are validated on the TELMA platform
Jin, Yanya. "Development of materials criticality profiling methodology at product level". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0004/document.
Texto completoRare earth crisis in 2010 showed the importance of some materials and whipped up interest in the research on material criticality. A review work was first conducted in order to get a better understanding of the existing work in this research area and to see where more work is needed. Based on this review, three research gaps were identified (lack of a comprehensive diagnosis of criticality; lack of evaluation methodology at the product level; lack of links between the mechanism of criticality, the evaluation methodology and the solutions offered. This thesis focuses on the two first research gaps and offers several ideas for the last one. Regarding diagnosis of criticality, the mechanism is illustrated under four dimensions: imbalance between supply and demand, importance of the material to product, supply accessibility and dynamic factors. A definition of criticality is also put forward. Considering the established mechanism as research core, a methodology to evaluate the criticality of materials at the product level has been developed and is completed with a concrete and quantitative model. The methodology offers guidance on how to assess criticality and sets a framework for evaluation. The model illustrates a way to use this methodology through a tool that assigns a ‘criticality score’ to materials and shows how the score is contributed. The calculations were automated in Excel. Two applications, one for permanent magnet and the other for light emitting diode, were conducted to demonstrate and improve the methodology and the model
Bittencourt, Mariana. "L’évaluation de la durabilité des bâtiments universitaires : une application d'un outil multi-critères et participatif pour soutenir le processus de prise de décision". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLV080/document.
Texto completoIn France, the university buildings have significant challenges to meet the environmental transition requirements for green growth. At the same time, they are key elements for the spread of the sustainable development objectives at the building, the university campus, and the city scale. Universities are institutions capable of promoting changes in society, but also are institutions that need to be changed. In other words, before being a model for society, universities should implement sustainable behavior through the promotion of sustainable practices on campus. It is possible to say that energy consumption, CO2 emissions and lack of integration with the city are the major problems faced by French universities.Nowadays, the sustainable strategies implementation to improve buildings performance faces many challenges, including the lack of experience and information to support decision-making. A participatory tool for support decision-making was developed and tested to measure the performance of the ‘Aile Sud’ building renovation strategies in the Bergerie Nationale. The performance of the ‘Aile Sud’ building renovation strategies was assessed, and some recommendations for performance improvement were suggested in a continuous improvement approach
Alamerew, Yohannes Admassu. "Économie Circulaire et Logistique Inverse : Assistant de Prise de Décision pour la Récupération de Ressources en Fin de vie". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI022.
Texto completoThe Circular Economy (CE) is perceived as one of the main instruments to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Even though companies are showing increasing interest to transform their businesses into a circular economy model, they are experiencing difficulties due to a lack of methods, tools, and indicators to assess circularity strategies and to measure the performance of reverse logistics systems. There are limited studies on the assessment of CE strategies of a product, supply chain, and service at the micro-level. The main objective of this Ph.D. thesis is to propose methods and tools to evaluate circularity strategies and measure the performance of reverse logistics. The study begins with identifying decision-making factors and indicators. Afterward, modeling of the reverse logistics system is accomplished to understand the complex interaction among decision variables. Then a circular economy assessment method, tool, and indicators have been developed to assist companies in the decision-making process. A case study with multiple companies is performed to examine, validate and demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model, tools and indicators. The main contributions of this Ph.D. thesis include: * a taxonomy of decision-making variables and circular economy indicators for reverse logistics, * a system dynamics model to represent the complex system of reverse logistics system in order to understand the complex interaction among end-of-life decision variables, * a circular economy indicator for reverse logistics that used to measure the performance of products in reverse logistics system, * a circular economy assessment method to evaluate the potential environmental and economic benefits of transforming a firm into a circular business, * a circular economy assessment tool to evaluate circularity strategies of end-of-life products, and * a systematic analysis of the interplay among diverse disciplines including reverse supply chain, business model; product and service design; product and service use; policy and end-of-life (EoL) treatment in circular economy research. The findings of this PhD work assist industrial practitioners in decision-making on the management of post-used products. The contributions of this Ph.D. thesis deemed to support the transition towards a more sustainable circular economy
Vaziri, Shiva. "Le rôle de l'identité des consommateurs dans la consommation durable". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CHAMA040.
Texto completoIndividual identity and self-perception have a crucial influence on how consumers perceive information, make decisions, and behave. In three research papers, I examine how consumers' personal identities influence how they interpret information, what they choose to buy, and how they behave online. The current dissertation particularly focuses on one significant consequential influence of identity—the part it plays in the adoption of sustainable consumption.Drawing on the theories and frameworks on the role of identity in consumers' judgments and decision-making, I delve deep into the consumers' inconsistent intentions and behaviors in the context of sustainability. In this introductory chapter, I discuss how sustainable consumption can be influenced by different individual and social factors namely self-concept, self-consistency, personal values, and social norms, and how they might interact with each other to determine behaviors in various situations. In Chapter II, I study how being clear or unclear about one's identity influences consumers' depth of thinking and tendency to rely on heuristics while making judgments and decisions in a marketing context. Moving forward to Chapter III, the investigation of individuals' identity extends into the digital realm by exploring consumers' inconsistencies in sustainable behaviors in the physical and online worlds. Particularly, I investigate the impact of consumers' perceived overlap between their online and real (offline) identities on adopting sustainable online behaviors and discuss the role of the self-attribution of responsibility as the underlying mechanism. In Chapter IV, I study how priming a certain identity, namely a vegetarian identity, influences consumers' sustainable consumption in the subsequent situation and investigate whether making a vegetarian identity salient would lead to identity-consistent or inconsistent behavior in choosing sustainable products in a non-food context.Overall, this dissertation sheds light on the pivotal role that consumers' identity plays in driving sustainable consumption patterns and provides guidance for marketers and policymakers in developing targeted messaging and communication strategies anchoring to consumers' self-identities to promote sustainable behavior
Ollivier, Timothée. "Capital naturel, developpement et durabilité à Madagascar et au Mozambique". Paris 9, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00489553.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to explore the role of natural capital in development strategies of African countries. In Part 1, we summarize what we know about the links between natural capital and development. Part 2 is devoted to natural capital as a whole, nationwide. The objective is to propose a framework for sustainability analysis. Through two case studies (Madagascar and Mozambique), we conclude on the need to measure the evolution of different stocks of capital from a country. We propose different extensions to this approach, the treatment of intangible capital in particular. In Part 3 we focus on the soil resource, at a finer scale. First, we propose different theoretical tracks for the economic analysis of soils. We enter into the complex functioning of this particular ecosystem. Then, we analyze the social profitability of an example of this capital investment in soil: agroecology in Lake Alaotra (Madagascar). We conclude with a perspective of the use of this work in the decision process
Marleau, Donais Francis. "Intégrer le transport durable dans les processus décisionnels pour le réaménagement de rues : application de l’aide multicritère à la décision". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69240.
Texto completoThe numerous negative impacts linked to the democratization of cars in the last century led to rethink transportation systems and transportation planning practices. Transportation systems should be planned to safeguard long-term ecological vitality, provide basic accessibility and ensure equal access to transport services. This is sustainable transportation. Many actions and strategies were proposed in the last decades to implement sustainable transportation. Redesigning streets in favor of active and public transportation is one of these strategies. However, there is currently a gap between the plans, that adopt a sustainable transportation vision, and practices, that still realize unsustainable transportation projects. The different government levels require new decision aid tools to change their decision processes. Multicriteria decision aiding (MCDA) is one method that is more and more discussed in the transportation literature to integrate a holistic perspective to decision processes. In this regard, this thesis studies more specifically the use of MCDA to improve decision processes linked to street redesigns. First of all, a descriptive literature review was conducted to better understand the evaluation methods that are currently used in transportation decision processes. The two main evaluation methods in the field (cost-benefit analysis and MCDA) were examined according to their perceived strengths and weaknesses, to the different ways to combine them and to their abilities to integrate sustainable development principles in the decision processes. To take into account the different conceptualizations of decision-aiding, the results were analyzed according to four decision-aiding approaches based on the concept of communicative action from Habermas (objectivist, conformist, adjustive and reflexive). Subsequently, a method to develop a multicriteria spatial decision support system (MC-SDSS) to prioritize the streets to redesign as Complete Streets was proposed and applied in collaboration with the City of Quebec in Canada. Complete streets is a popular movement in North America for sustainable transportation to design " streets for everyone ". The MC-SDSS was developed during multidisciplinary group workshops (transportation, urban planning, environment, infrastructure, urban design and public participation) gathering Quebec City professionals using the MCDA method MACBETH. The development of the MC-SDSS was split in five phases: (1) structuring the problem, (2) constructing attractiveness scales, (3) deriving scaling constants, (4) validating the model and (5) producing priority maps. The process has been successful. Indeed, Quebec City has been using this MC-SDSS in the elaboration of its Complete Streets strategy since 2017. Following the MC-SDSS developed in Quebec City, a post-project evaluation framework, specific to MCDA, was generated and applied to the MC-SDSS. The evaluation framework is based on five questions: why evaluate?, what to evaluate?, on what is the evaluation based?, how to evaluate? and who is involved in the evaluation?. The evaluation was applied under the form of a series of individual interviews carried with the professionals involved in the development and use of the MC-SDSS. The interviews were about the development, use and future of the MC-SDSS and were analyzed according to the thematic analysis method. Based on the challenges and difficulties identified in the thematic analysis, various recommendations are suggested to improve practices. Finally, to assess the potential to export the development of MC-SDSS to other contexts, the practices and perceptions of professionals from 11 municipalities in the Province of Quebec were documented during multidisciplinary group workshops (infrastructure, transport, urban planning, environment and geomatics). The objectives of these workshops were (1) to create a portrait of current practices for street rehabilitation and redesign to integrate urban planning, transportation and environment and (2) to identify the issues and challenges of developing MC-SDSS in various municipal contexts. The workshops were analyzed by schematizing the current decision processes and by using the causal mapping method. A series of guidelines is proposed to allow the development of MC-SDSS with the municipalities. Those guidelines aim at easing the development of a new type of decision support system for municipalities, but also at allowing the improvement of current municipal decision processes by better integrating the sustainable vision adopted in the politics and plans and the projects realized by the professionals.
De, bortoli Anne. "Pour un entretien routier durable : Prise en compte des conséquences de l’interaction chaussée-véhicule dans l’aide à la décision des politiques de resurfaçage – illustration par un cas autoroutier français". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1165.
Texto completoAs the principal conveyor of transportation, roads are a determinant of population well-being. Nevertheless, the budgets for the maintenance of public infrastructure keep on shrinking in most countries, along with the overall quality of road pavements. Literature has shown that a substantial surface deterioration leads to road vehicle overconsumption - in fuel, tires and suspension spare parts – with financial, macroeconomic, social and environmental impacts. Thus, considering road pavement-vehicle interactions is crucial to maintain roads in a sustainable way: we developed such a method to compare pavement resurfacing programs on a sustainable point of view for French intercity roads.First, an analytical then systemic approach led to an inventory of the stakeholders of road maintenance, and to develop indicators to quantify the impacts of different pavement overlay strategies on these stakeholders. The eleven indicators chosen to assess the sustainability of road maintenance are: the discounted expenses for the road manager; the discounted expenses and the time spent for the users; the road noise and health damages to local communities; the damages to non-renewable resources and to biodiversity for the environment; the national production and employment, the tax collection and the overall cost for the Nation.This assessment model is integrated, on the life-cycle. The calculation of indicators combines well-known methods used in other sectors and adapted to the studied subject: environmental life-cycle and life-cycle cost assessments, input-output analysis, financial and socioeconomic appraisals. We completed these methods with new data and statistical models about road maintenance techniques, environment, acoustics and economy. We sent a questionnaire to the managers of the different kinds of intercity roads in France to refine our models. Based on these answers with good representativeness, we built environmental Life Cycle Inventories and prices of road overlay techniques for the French market.We then applied this method to a ten-kilometer-long highway section in France to compare 5 scenarios of resurfacing, and highlighted few lessons learnt from this case study for sustainable highway maintenance programs. We first presented the studied road section – its characteristics, the current maintenance strategy of the manager – then explained the parametrization and scenario development to use the method, before analyzing and interpreting the results. The baseline scenario consisted in overlaying the road with 2.5 cm of hot mix asphalt every T=13 years period of time. Based on it, we quantified gains for the different stakeholders to change this period according to the following alternative scenarios: “Minimal Investment”: T=19.5 years; «50% Increased Investment »: T=9.8 years; « Ambitious Practices »: T=7.8 years; « Maximal investment »: T=5.7 years.An increased investment would lead to gains in terms of production, employment, environment (health, biodiversity, non-renewable resource consumption) and user expenses. Optima of public health return and user savings on maintenance investment have been spotted around +50% of investment compared to current practices: gains reach up to 700€ for local communities’ health and 4€ for users for each extra euro spent in road resurfacing program. On the contrary, rising the road maintenance investment entails losses in terms of tax incomes for the Nation, road manager expenses and time spent by users.Sensitivity analyses have also been conducted over three parameters: the traffic level, the resurfacing techniques and the speed of road surface deterioration. These analyses show that the more important traffic and speed of deterioration are, the higher environmental gains and users savings are. Moreover, environmental gains do not depend on road pavement materials: almost 100% of the environmental gains or losses come from the fuel consumption dependence on road surface condition
Bruel, Aurélien. "Proposition d'indicateurs des externalités environnementales basés sur l'ACV et les services écosystémiques". Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0035/document.
Texto completoIn today's society, it is difficult to spread the Industrial ecology. This can be explained by the fact that information for decision makers is mainly outcome from the natural and engineering sciences. Thus, information provided in the decision process is focused on the physical study of material and energy flows. It seems irrelevant to challenge the industrial and public decision makers. For this, this thesis aims to understand which indicators to use to better integrate environmental impacts in the process of industrial and public decision. It is particularly interested in the integration of environmental externalities in the decision process. It seeks to understand what are the interactions between the life cycle of a product and ecosystem services of a territory by using the methodology of Life cycle assessment. This proposal was put to the test by developing an illustrative case study by modeling two ecosystem services related to eutrophication. Then indicators of industrial systems on ecosystem services are tested in an experimental validation process in two different contexts of decision making
Ghafouri, Atieh. "La forme urbaine durable : multifonctionalité et adaptation : redéfinir les espaces urbains en tant que zones partagées multifonctionnelles". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH004/document.
Texto completoMore than half of the world population lives in cities and this proportion is increasing. In order to welcome new populations avoiding urban sprawl, to make our existing cities more sustainable, besides generating new facilities and making changes, the use of current facilities should be more efficient as well. To satisfy these goals, new opportunities have to be found to strengthen the urban sustainability. The multifunctionality of urban spaces might be an efficient concept to (re)design cities and to propose new urban planning rules. The aim of our research is studying the possibilities of reviving public, semi-public and private spaces, for functions other than their main destination and during their idle hours, to consider them as multi-functional shared urban spaces. Different types of relation between function(s) of space and time have been studied. It has been tried to clarify the definition of “multifunctional space” in architecture and urban design based on definitions of the concepts in agriculture and landscape. About 80 cases have been analyzed which are spontaneously used as a multifunctional space or which have the potential to be one. 30 criteria have been selected for studying and analyzing multifunctional urban spaces. The final result is the criteria recommended to take into account while transforming a mono-functional space to a multifunctional one. These criteria would lead us to the information that must be gathered in order to create a GIS data-base customized for this purpose. This research is concluded with a discussion of the capacities of GIS software in the way to improve the operation of an urban space through the multifunctionality
Bécour, Jean-Charles. "Des facteurs de survie durable de l'entreprise multinationale : l'apport de la notion de club : étude exploratrice". Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/afe1fa17-122f-454d-9631-5f63f0e81b88.
Texto completoMabrouk, Mohamed. "Modélisation et aide à la décision pour la conception d'une démarche d'amélioration continue durable d'un système complexe : Evaluation des performances et accompagnement des entreprises dans un projet de responsabilité sociétale". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0111/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with an evaluation framework and support of sustainable development projects in companies. First, a literature review on concepts, standards and tools related to sustainable development and Corporate Social Responsibility has been conducted. In this sense, the insufficiency of taking into account of stakeholders’ points of view in such a process has been highlighted. Moreover, the integration of sustainable development and methodological tools in project management represents a strategic imperative. Therefore, the implementation of an integration strategy of sustainable development in project management is necessary. Firstly, we have proposed a characterization model for overall performance, integrating the economic, environmental and social performances in corporate management. Secondly, we have associated a generic approach with this model in order to propose a methodology and complete support for decision-making throughout the project. Such an approach is based on the project life cycle which helps decision makers in their strategic orientations. Finally, the methodology is supported by an « informatics tool » which makes its integration simplified and allows better decision-makings
Bauler, Thomas. "Indicators for sustainable development: a discussion of their usability". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210705.
Texto completoA discussion of the mechanics of decision-making processes and the handling of information within these, identifies that the utilisation of assessments in policy-making can be apprehended with three different characteristics: legitimacy, credibility and salience (L,C,S). Applied to the context of ISD, legitimacy refers to the perception of the policy-actors of the procedural fairness, credibility to the perception of the scientific soundness and salience to the perception of stakeholder- and policy-relevance. A discussion of alternative and existing utilisation-analyses of ISD shows that the L,C,S-framework has sufficient depth and width to figure as a potential, overarching framework of ISD-characteristics. Simultaneously, the confrontation of the L,C,S-framework with the issue domain of SD, as well as a translation of L,C,S on the level of ISD-initiatives, shows that a secondary level of analysis is necessary. The linkages between an L,C,S-based analysis of the usability-profiles of ISD, the principles of SD and the policy making processes can be identified to be best discussed at the level of the institutionalisation of ISD, i.e. the ‘institutional embeddedness’ of ‘soft’ information-processes for SD-management into public decision-making culture. ISD can be identified as ‘boundary organisations’, i.e. objects which are set to facilitate the interactions between different existing actor arenas which have different cultures of understanding, constructing, organising and digesting information. We propose thus to add to the analysis of the usability of ISD, a second, institutional axis which allows to situate the mechanics of L,C,S between actor arenas, and allows to conceive a ‘usability-profile’ for ISD-initiatives.
The institutional reading of ISD-initiatives is than developed further. In order to enhance their usability, ISD-processes need to be governed and steered: their usability can be managed and co-constructed through the lenses of the three usability-characteristics. Simultaneously, ISD are themselves acknowledged as being part of the government- and governance-instruments of the SD-domain. By translating information between actor-arenas, ISD foster a ‘governance-enhancing’ function, which in the end renders ISD as being part of the steering (or governance) instruments of SD. As a consequence, the enhancement or even management of the usability of ISD will distil down to ‘steer the steering’. Such a double-bound governance function can be addressed as ‘reflexive governance’, i.e. the governance of the governance instrument.
Doctorat en environnement, Orientation gestion de l'environnement
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Laguna, Salvadó Laura. "Towards a sustainable humanitarian supply chain : characterization, assessment and decision-support". Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018EMAC0016/document.
Texto completoThe Humanitarian supply Chain is a key element to enhance a performing response to humanitarian crisis. Because of the internal and external pressure, Humanitarian Organizations (HO) has done efforts during last decades to improve the crisis response in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. However, the performance is challenged by the increasing gap between funding and needs. The main donors ask for more transparency and accountability. Moreover, the pressure from the international community is pushing HO to integrate Sustainability challenges on a near future. Is in this context, and field research results, that the difficulties to consider sustainability on HSC decision-making. The lack of Decision Support Systems and a sustainability culture specific to the HSC have been identified as break to improve the planning of sustainable humanitarian operations. This research work seeks to introduce the sustainability notion to the management of the HSC. The approach followed is the development of a decision support system based on performance, to plan the HSC operations. Three research directions have been explored: (a) How to gather an exhaustive knowledge of a HSC, for both field research and development of DSS? The proposed contribution is a Meta-Model of the HSC, for field research porpoise and for developing adequate Decision Support Systems. (b) What sustainability means in HSC context? Based on a literature review and field research, a framework is established to define the HSC sustainable performance. (c) How to make sustainable decisions during humanitarian response? This contribution is based on an Operational Research Algorithm, which permits to integrate the sustainable performance on decision making with an interactive approach. The thesis illustrates the three contributions with use cases based on the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC)
Chambon, Thomas. "Effets de la complexité de l’information sur les intentions et les comportements de mobilité urbaine : Construction d’un outil d’aide au changement de comportement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS017.
Texto completoThe research work conducted in the framework of this thesis aims to contribute to three issues related to the nature of information, its perception and its transmission using a mobile application (tool for change). Our contributions on the nature of information and more particularly its complexity are intended to facilitate the understanding of information. Based on the algorithmic theory of information and more particularly the complexity of information (Kolmogorov complexity), a new classification method has been proposed. This work has allowed us to better understand the impact of information complexity on individuals. We also paid particular attention to the perception of information by analyzing the characteristics that influence the decision process in humans. From this analysis, an exploratory eye-tracking study was carried out to highlight the effects of information complexity and position on an individual’s choice in an urban mobility task. Our research on the creation of a behavior change tool led us to the design and development of a mobile application to monitor one’s own CO2 consumption. The objective of this application is to understand the factors of acceptance of these tools and the influence of the complexity of the information on these factors. This contribution is also an experimentation in real conditions of all our work, in a research context still little exploited, the urban mobility
Blaizot, Alessandra. "La question du juste soin dans la prise en charge bucco-dentaire des patients présentant des limitations durables de leurs capacités de décision : des tensions éthiques aux perspectives d’évolution". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB142/document.
Texto completoIn France, under the impulse of the Law of 4 March 2002 on patients' rights and the quality of the health system, deep changes have been undertaken in the care relationship for a more active participation of patients. This imposes a repositioning of each individual involved in the relationship. The law specifies that the involvement of patients in decision-making should be sought even when they present limitations of their decision-making abilities. The affirmation of these rights is consistent with the recognition of patients' decision-making abilities and the development of a shared decision. Nevertheless, when the limits of these abilities are reached, it leads to practical difficulties in the consent of patients and/or legal guardians and caregivers. It is now recognized that the oral health needs of patients with enduring limitations of their decision-making abilities are not satisfied, and are increased compared to those of the general population. These health inequities result from many barriers in access to care and prevention, but also during care, and yet the principle of equal access to care for all citizens is recognized as a national legal principle. This situation constitutes a loss of opportunity for these people - especially as, beyond its local impacts, impaired oral health may have impacts on their overall health and particularly on their quality of life and social integration. These limitations, which accumulate day after day, may lead to symptomatic therapies being favoured without concerted thinking on a global functional rehabilitation. Yet it is recognized that the fight against health inequalities requires the development of comprehensive overall health care. This means that, relying on the participation of the different stakeholders including patients in decision-making, the barriers separating areas concerning health, social and educational care have to be abolished for a continuum by priority. The aim of this work is to explore, by qualitative and participatory research, the reasons for the limitations of the therapeutic response from each member of the care relationship - patients, caregivers and dentists. Once these reasons have been better understood, the different representations are considered face to face and the ethical tensions that emerge are discussed. Then, ways in which the management of oral health can be improved and, beyond this evolution, ways in which society could change are proposed with the ultimate hope of reducing health inequalities
Cochran, Ian Thomas. "The local-level management of climate change : the case of urban passenger transportation in France". Paris 9, 2012. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/9783.
Texto completoThe reduction of GHG emissions is one of the largest and most pressing collective-action problems facing humanity. Addressing this transversal, trans-boundary policy challenge requires action at multiple scales of governance: from behavioral changes by individuals to modifications of local, national and international regulatory frameworks and decision-making processes. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this project draws on theories on collective action, institutional economics, multilevel governance, and indicators in decision making to analyze what appears to be an increasingly polycentric governance approach to achieving cross-scale action on GHG mitigation. This dissertation addresses the over-arching question of what governance changes are needed to deliver lasting GHG emissions reductions in the urban passenger transport sector in France? Achieving greenhouse gas mitigation is dependent not only on the ability of actors to coordinate action, but also on the information tools needed to integrate these issues into decision-making at multiple levels of government and across policy priorities. Thus, GHG mitigation must be linked as an often-complementary issue with existing policy priorities. The analyses and findings resulting from this dissertation have a number of contributions to make both to the theoretical literature as well as to general policy practice and the specific decision-making process in France in terms of transport, urban planning and climate governance
Alhamwi, Hussam. "La prise en compte des incertitudes dans l’évaluation de la qualité environnementale des bâtiments tertiaires : démarche HQE®". Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1173/document.
Texto completoIt is well known that the construction sector is considered one of the main factors that affect the energy consumption and the emissions of greenhouse gases. Thus, the enhancement of the environmental quality of buildings is an important response to the challenges of sustainable development. In such context, this research discusses the problem of the uncertainty inherent in the French approach HQE®, particularly the assessment of the environmental quality of tertiary buildings. In fact, this study is based on possibility theory, which presents interesting advantages in terms of our problem, especially its ability to model human expertise or knowledge in addition to simple and unique presentation of uncertainties and inaccuracies on the basis of a limited amount of information. Moreover, this work aims to associate a credibility assessment of the environmental quality of buildings by handling two types of input parameters which are the quantitative and the qualitative ones. This uncertainty modeling offers the designers a better prioritization of the impacts of the different parameters, which thus contribute to the improvement of the environmental quality of a building, and identify the information that would require more instigation to enhance the credibility of the environmental assessment
Abdullah, Tahira. "Achieving supply chain sustainability, circular economy and sustainable decision making in wake of pandemic and recovery phase : an empirical investigation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/221216_ABDULLAH_6yi49ilo384ilrpvj437qwhllx_TH.pdf.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to analyze and assess the sustainable supply chain dynamics in times of covid-19 global pandemic to identify the challenges faced by supply chain professionals in achieving the sustainability in supply chain in covid-19 global pandemic, the recent sustainability initiatives taken by the companies in the luxury fashion sectors and the sustainable supply chain strategies in result of the opportunities and the lost advantages during pandemic. The research shed light on the gaps to be covered with the lessons learned from covid-19 and redefine future directions of the sustainable supply chain management to ensure sustainable production, consumption, and circular economy. The research aspired to inculcate the sustainable decision-making motives of supply chain professionals in the present context
Schluth-Amorim, Nathalie. "Aide à la concertation et à la décision dans le cadre de processus de décision publique complexes". Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090045.
Texto completoGallon, François. "Collégialité & Subsidiarité : un principe-dual pour l'action - Des organisations durables dans un environnement complexe". Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECAP0075/document.
Texto completoThe issue of this thesis is relating to business governance. It enquires about corporate management and subsidiarity as principles for action. As a first step, both concepts were addressed with a view to their clarification, and situated in the socio-historical context in which they emerged. A questionnaire-based inquiry was made among employees of the reference business selected for on-site studies, namely an industrial group. The results were enhanced by a supplementary inquiry carried out in a business outside the group. The processing, made through the factorial analysis of correspondences, highlights significant differences between key elements of the theoretical definitions of corporate management and of subsidiarity, as well as those associated to them by agents of the businesses under study. Two on-site studies were conducted: the writing up of a monograph on one branch of the group, based on continuous information collecting over a ten years period, and one on-site survey relating to a business in its project phase. This survey was complemented with a questionnaire-based survey about the day-to-day implementation of corporate management and subsidiarity. Considering both studies from a common angle mainly reveals that using corporate management contributes to creating economic and social value. Furthermore, the importance of the manager as an authoritative character is highlighted, as well as his primary responsibility in establishing the initial level of confidence that proves to be indispensable for the effective implementation of corporate management inside the teams. Finally, we confirm that corporate management and subsidiarity, when used as a dual-principle, contribute to the taking into account by the actors of the complexity of the business’s environment in a sustainable development perspective
Glaize, Annabelle. "Prise de décision en santé : une approche de décision multicritère". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A006.
Texto completoDecisions in healthcare are often complex and difficult to make and justify. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a decision-making tool that has been proven to be useful in numerous applications in healthcare contexts. Specifically, this operations research tool enables the integration of multiple conflicting criteria and encourages stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to contribute to the scientific literature on MCDA methods and how they should be applied in healthcare contexts, which are characterised by complex decision-making, by expanding these methods’ possible applications. This research is composed of three essays, each of which answers a specific research question related to decision-making in healthcare. The first essay maps the literature and assesses how the steps of the MCDA process are followed in different healthcare contexts. The second essay combines the business process improvement (BPI) methodology and lean methods to assess a chemotherapy outpatient service that suffers from difficulties in the patient flow process and propose improvement opportunities. The third essay builds on the findings of the second and applies the ELECTRE III method to define which actions could help improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction of the outpatient service
Alcaraz, Fabien. "Circuits thalamocorticaux de la prise de décision". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0446/document.
Texto completoSurvival of living organisms depends on the ability to make decision adapted to theircurrent needs and desires. Such an ability results from the integration of multiple basiccognitive processes such as events prediction and action control. These processes are bestinvestigated within the framework of associative learning. Past research has demonstratedthat these processes are supported by a widespread neuronal circuit, in which the prefrontalcortex and his major afferent structure, the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), play a central role.In this context, this thesis work aimed at investigating the functional role of the exchangesbetween these two structures in decision making.In a first part of this work, we assessed the role of the MD in prediction and control.We showed that MD lesioned rats are unable to adapt their behavior to a change in rewardvalue, in an experimental procedure asking the integration of instrumental and Pavloviancontingencies. This result confirmed the fundamental role of MD in goal representation. As asecond step, we performed an anatomical study in order to characterize the architecture ofthe thalamocortical pathways arising from the MD. We first showed that multiplethalamocortical pathways originate from segregated neuronal populations within the MD.We also discovered a poorly known thalamic structure innervating the orbitofrontal cortex,the submedius nuclei. In order to understand the functional role of these pathways, we useda conditional chemogenetic technique aimed at inactivating neuronal populations selectedon the basis of their projections. Using this technique, we showed that the animal’s abilitiesto represent either the value or the action-reward relationship depend on the directionalityof MD and prefrontal cortex exchanges. Finally, we identified a specific role for thesubmedius nuclei in updating Pavlovian contingencies, by using a more classical lesioningapproach.Taken together, these results support the idea that decision making involved severalthalamocortical loops, differentially supporting prediction and action control
Gingras, François. "Prise de décision à partir de données séquentielles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ56697.pdf.
Texto completoDubus, Jean-Philippe. "Prise de décision multiattribut avec le modèle GAI". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812558.
Texto completoFlora, Dominique. "Organisation, motivation et prise de décision dans l'entreprise". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100048.
Texto completoMoraïtis, Pavlos. "Paradigme multi-agent et prise de décision distribuée". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090046.
Texto completoMathis, Jérôme. "Prise de décision, expertise et information partiellement vérifiable". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0263.pdf.
Texto completoOur contemporary societies are marked more and more by a search of productivity and rationalization. This requires the detention and correct use of information (whatever economic, scientist, technological, social or political). Thus, the expert's report and communication activities are increasing. The producers and transmitters of information (experts) can influence the decision-making by strategically withholding some information. This thesis studies from a theoretical, normative and positive point of view, the impact of the possibilities for certifying information on those of influencing the decision outcome. The first part treats an advisory decision-making (the experts are consulted by the decision maker). The second part treats a deliberative decision-making (the decision-making is directly entrusted to the experts having to decide through a deliberation)
Cohen, Gérard. "Théorie de la décision, décision et non-decision dans l'électronucléaire : le rôle du décideur". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000311.pdf.
Texto completoThe electro-nuclear industry is a minefield for decision makers. The problem has migrated from the economic to the political sphere, a phenomenon which the latter would rather have avoided. . . How and why? The first part of this thesis presents a diagnostic of the formal decision making system in the electro-nuclear field. It is clear that this system is structurally inefficient. The second part explores the true decision making system in the electro-nuclear field, revealing the existence of an underlying, virtually secret decision making system, unique to this industry. This is explained (particularly with a diagram) and proved twice by the facts. The conclusion is also very clear : in the electro-nuclear industry, everyone knows what must (inevitably ) be done, but no one will make any decisions! Quid about a theory in this case ? The third part investigates precisely how academic thought might explain the situation. The conclusion is, again, clear : no theory can satisfactorily explain exactly what is observed. The conclusion of this study proposes defining the electro-nuclear field as a “meta problem” or a “meta organization“. It shows how this particular definition can better explain what is happening in this field, essentially by means of six new diagrams, which, juxtaposed with the first one, can serve as a graphic summary of it
Zhu, Shuguang. "Three essays on mechanism design, information design and collective decision-making". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10008/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates several topics in Microeconomic Theory, with a focus on incorporating information control into mechanism design, checking the robustness of mechanisms, and providing a foundation for inconsistent collective decision-making. This work helps to optimize information transmission and acquisition in organizational communications, advertisement and policy design. It also sheds light on how inconsistent group decisions derive from heterogeneity in group members, and proposes ways to restore efficiency. The thesis consists of three chapters, each of which is self-contained and can be read separately. The first chapter studies a mechanism design environment where the principal has control over the agents’ information about a payoff-relevant state. The principal commits to an information disclosure policy where each agent observes a private signal, while the principal directly observes neither the true state nor the signal profile. Examples include (1) assessing whether a new product matches consumers’ preferences through their feedback on sample product trials, and (2) gathering intelligence by authorizing investigators to collect various aspects of information. I establish optimality of individually uninformative and aggregately revealing disclosure policy, where (i) each agent obtains no new information about the state after observing any realization of his own signal, but (ii) the principal can nevertheless infer the true state from the agents’ reports about their signals. Furthermore, this optimal disclosure policy admits simple and intuitive implementation (such as certain types of blinded experiments, or restrictions on access to certain information) under additional assumptions. If attention is restricted to linear settings, I characterize a class of environments (including those satisfying the standard regularity conditions in mechanism design) where an equivalence result holds between private disclosure and public disclosure.The second chapter, co-authored with Takuro Yamashita, is motivated by Chung and Ely (2007), who establish maxmin and Bayesian foundations for dominant-strategy mechanisms in private-value auction environments. We first show that similar foundation results for ex post mechanisms hold true even with interdependent values if the interdependence is only cardinal. Conversely, if the environment exhibits ordinal interdependence, which is typically the case with multi-dimensional environments, then in general, ex post mechanisms do not have foundation. That is, there exists a non-ex-post mechanism that achieves strictly higher expected revenue than the optimal ex post mechanism, regardless of the agents’ high-order beliefs. The third chapter shows that dynamic inconsistency in collective decision-making can derive from heterogeneity in group members’ outside options (i.e. opportunity costs that individuals have to pay in order to join the group), even if individuals share the same exponentially discounting time preference. This model of endogenous dynamic inconsistency facilitatesthe analysis of welfare consequences, since time-consistent individual preferences allow for a well-defined measurement of social welfare. We further characterize the optimal Bayesian persuasion information disclosure policy, which takes the form of upper revealing rules, to alleviate the welfare distortion caused by inconsistent collective decisions. Our framework proves to be highly adaptable to various contexts, including provision of public facilities and assignment on team work
Mokaled, Ghadi. "L'efficacité de la décision administrative". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3019.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnel dans la prise de décision". Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696675.
Texto completoStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Texto completoImmordino, Giovanni. "Rôle de l'incertitude scientifique dans la prise de décision". Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10055.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnels dans la prise de décision". Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0018.
Texto completoEmotion is inseparable from cognitive processes and therefore plays a major role in decision making. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important in today's scientific research. The aim of this thesis is to show the advantages of an emotional approach, and to prove that in certain cases computer models equipped with artificial emotions prove to be more efficient than their purely cognitive equivalents. Based on this observation, two emotional models were realised from different study perspectives. They underline the impact of the addition of an emotional dimension in the elaboration of a fast, adaptive and efficient decision. The first developed model uses a graph for strategies representation in order to solve a ten-year-old pupil mathematics exercise called the "Cascades problem". Emotion is represented there as weighting values in the graph edges dynamically managed by an ant algorithm. The tests carried out on two versions, one emotional and the other one fully cognitive, show that the use of an emotional model produces a more efficient and adaptive solving. In addition, a second model named "GAEA" aims at simulating a robot equipped with sensors and effectors and thrown into a prey-predators environment inside which it must survive. Its behaviour is determined by its internal program that evolves thanks to a linear genetic program algorithm manipulating a population of program individuals. Results are promising and indicate that the population produces individuals whose behaviour is more and more adapted, and whose internal activity is analogous to the emergence of relevant emotional reactions
Froger, Géraldine. "Rationalité et prise de décision en économie de l'environnement". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010055.
Texto completoEnvironmental risks (the greenhouse effect, acid rains. . . ) take place in a context of ecological globalization and complexity. This result justify our work about decisionmaking based on specific hypothesis of rationality and their abibilty to rationalize some choices of environmental preservation. In complete information, game theory modelize strategic interactions in the field of environmental risks. This analysis, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are strong. We point out this kind of hypothesis is limited to rationalize and explain the choices of environmental preservation. Then we study situations of incomplete information. The expected utility theory, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the cognitive rationality of the agents is a little bit weakened. We developp the reasons why this approach don't take complexity and indetermination into consideration. This results justify the necessity to adopt a larger criterion of rationality called procedural rationality. The naiade method, based on this hypothesis of rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are weakened. We illustrate how this method which articulates multicriteria analysis and fuzzy set theory justify some choices of environmental preservation
Castellanos-Paez, Sandra. "Apprentissage de routines pour la prise de décision séquentielle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM043.
Texto completoIntuitively, a system capable of exploiting its past experiences should be able to achieve better performance. One way to build on past experiences is to learn macros (i.e. routines). They can then be used to improve the performance of the solving process of new problems. In automated planning, the challenge remains on developing powerful planning techniques capable of effectively explore the search space that grows exponentially. Learning macros from previously acquired knowledge has proven to be beneficial for improving a planner's performance. This thesis contributes mainly to the field of automated planning, and it is more specifically related to learning macros for classical planning. We focused on developing a domain-independent learning framework that identifies sequences of actions (even non-adjacent) from past solution plans and selects the most useful routines (i.e. macros), based on a priori evaluation, to enhance the planning domain.First, we studied the possibility of using sequential pattern mining for extracting frequent sequences of actions from past solution plans, and the link between the frequency of a macro and its utility. We found out that the frequency alone may not provide a consistent selection of useful macro-actions (i.e. sequences of actions with constant objects).Second, we discussed the problem of learning macro-operators (i.e. sequences of actions with variable objects) by using classic pattern mining algorithms in planning. Despite the efforts, we find ourselves in a dead-end with the selection process because the pattern mining filtering structures are not adapted to planning.Finally, we provided a novel approach called METEOR, which ensures to find the frequent sequences of operators from a set of plans without a loss of information about their characteristics. This framework was conceived for mining macro-operators from past solution plans, and for selecting the optimal set of macro-operators that maximises the node gain. It has proven to successfully mine macro-operators of different lengths for four different benchmarks domains and thanks to the selection phase, be able to deliver a positive impact on the search time without drastically decreasing the quality of the plans
Cherkaoui, Hajar. "Vers une prise de décision robuste en maintenance conditionnelle". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0040.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to robust decision making in maintenance of systems subject to gradual degradation. Our first contribution is to develop a criterion allowing the joint evaluation of the mean economic performance and the robustness of different types of maintenance strategies. The advantage of the proposed criterion is that it adapts to different types of maintenance strategies and provides access to a simple and relevant evaluation model. The second contribution is devoted to the development and the evaluation of a joint maintenance and spares parts management strategy that applies to multi-component systems with different qualities. For the proposed joint strategy, prognostic indicator is used for both maintenance and procurement decision-making. The evaluation criterion proposed above is used for the evaluation of this policy as well. The third contribution corresponds to the proposal of two conditional maintenance strategies with hybrid inspections for the maintenance of multi-component systems with different and unknown qualities. For the strategies proposed, online monitoring information is used to disclose the quality of system components to be maintained using statistical techniques of classification and estimation
Haydar, Jamal. "Prise de décision orientée QoS dans les réseaux hétérogènes". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066184.
Texto completoHarang, Laurence. "Rationalité de l'action et rationalité de la décision". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10039.
Texto completoHeintz, Juliette. "Systemic approach and decision process for sustainability in chemical engineering : Application to computer aided product design". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0087/document.
Texto completoIn a context where environmental issues are increasingly taken into account, the chemical related industry faces situations imposing a chemical product substitution. Computer aided molecular design methods, which consist in finding molecules satisfying a set of constraints, are well adapted to these situations. Using a systemic analysis of the needs and uses linked to this context, we develop a computer aided product design tool implementing a genetic algorithm. It is able to explore a wider solution space thanks to a flexible molecular framework. Besides, by allowing a very flexible setting of the problem to be solved, it enables the search of molecules sourced from renewable resources. Based on concepts from system and enterprise engineering, we formalize a decision making process dedicated to the product substitution in an industrial context. This multi-criteria decision process includes the phases of the requirements definition, of the generation of alternative solutions, of the selection of the best alternative and of the product application. It uses a model driven approach and decision making techniques that guaranty an operational alignment in addition to the strategic alignment across the chemical enterprise. Through a case study, we expose how the combination of our computer aided product design tool and our decision making process enables an environmentally compliant approach of product substitution which is both efficient and in adequacy with enterprise context
Touratier-Muller, Nathalie. "Le rôle et la responsabilité des “Achats de Transport" dans la prise en compte des critères environnementaux et des émissions CO2 en France". Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU2036/document.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis forms part of the transportation purchasing process analysis. Several French government schemes have been introduced to raise companies’ awareness (shippers and carriers) regarding the CO2 emissions inducedby the transport of goods. The work achieved during this thesis uses these schemes as a "field study" to explore the impact of public policies and identifies levers that encourage shippers (client companies) to take the environmental footprint of products being transported into greater account
Esta tesis doctoral se inscribe en el proceso de compra de transporte de mercancías y productos. El análisis se centra en el caso francés, ya que, durante los últimos años, el gobierno de dicha nación implantó y propulsó varios programas parasensibilizar a las empresas (cargadores y transportistas) con respecto a las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero y otros perjuicios medioambientales derivados del transporte de mercancías. A lo largo de la tesis doctoral, se realizan varios estudios de caso para explorar el impacto de las políticas públicas de contratación sostenible e identificar las medidas que podrían motivar a los cargadores (empresas clientes) a tener más en cuenta la huella medioambiental de los productos transportados
Veron, Paul. "La décision médicale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD064.
Texto completoThe medical relationship is traditionally addressed by the private law academia through the prism of the of the contract concept. In line with another part of the academia, this study aims to put forth a renewed reading, centered on another paradigm: the decision. The law does not govern here a meeting of minds producing obligations but rather a care decision whose purpose is performing a medical procedure on a patient, primarily taken as a human being. The approach can a priori rest on a certain degree of common sense: isn’t medicine, after all, primarily an art – which partly became a science – of the decision?To approach the concept of decision in the field of medical law requires to give up the dominant meaning given to that term in the various legal disciplines. Well-known figure of public law and procedural law, emerging in private law, the notion of decision is largely identified with a unilateral legal action. Such strict interpretation cannot prevail for understanding our object of study: first, the medical decision is not a legal action; secondly, it may be unilateral or bilateral, or, to be precise, it can be individual or shared. It appears to be preferable, in the field of medical law, to return to a common meaning of this notion of decision, as opposed to strictly legal: it is a selecting process geared towards the implementation of a deed.The way the law addresses a medical decision can be summarized in four questions : Who decides? Addressing the issue of identifying the decision makers. How should the decision be taken? Addressing the decision-making procedure. Why and to what aim is a decision taken? Addressing the question of reasons and purposes on which the medical decision is based. Finally, what can we decide? Which means can we implement to cure? This addresses the question of the purpose of the decision. While the first two points are related to the process of decision-making, the last two refer to the issue of decision taken.This approach essentially has dual benefits. First, it offers a unique mean of interpreting the medical care relationship, regardless of the context (public hospital, private clinic or private practice), which appears necessary in view of the legal developments in the last two decades. Second, it allows the conceptualisation of the medical relationship in a theory of power, medical decisions being analysed, in this aspect, as the expression of private power
Deschênes-Beaulieu, Sara Maude. "La prise de décision éthique des consultants : compréhension du processus". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/136.
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